A turning tool extension device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611444119.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-30
AI Technical Summary
[0003]现有技术中的车刀延长装置多以刚性加长结构为主，部分带减振功能的延长装置仅配置单一形式的减振结构，存在的技术缺陷为：单一的阻尼结构或吸振结构难以同时覆盖切削过程中的低、中、高频振动，随着刀具悬伸长度增加，系统刚性显著下降，切削过程中易产生径向与切向颤振，既会造成工件加工表面粗糙度升高、尺寸精度波动大，无法满足精密加工要求，也会加剧刀具的交变冲击载荷，导致刀具崩损、疲劳磨损加快，大幅缩短刀具使用寿命
[0015]本发明的有益效果如下：（1）本发明采用沿轴向依次排布的液体阻尼、动力吸振、颗粒阻尼三级减振结构，逐级耗散振动能量，实现多频段、阶梯式的振动抑制，前端液体阻尼机构通过错位分布的阻流板强制延长阻尼液流动路径，借助液体粘性剪切效应与流向突变的局部阻力，将振动能转化为热能耗散，同时缓冲前端切削冲击，避免液体压力突变影响刀具安装精度；中段动力吸振机构利用高密度实心芯柱的反向惯性响应，通过共振抵消原理转移车刀的振动能量；后端颗粒阻尼机构依靠钢珠的非弹性碰撞与相对滑移摩擦，实现非线性能量耗散，高效处理残余的高频、宽频随机振动，本发明通过三级结构协同作用，大幅削弱车刀延长系统的受迫振动，有效抑制车刀的径向、切向颤振，减少刀具承受的交变冲击载荷，降低刀具崩损、疲劳磨损的风险，延长车刀及延长装置的整体使用寿命。
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Figure CN123000040A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting tool accessories, and in particular to a turning tool extension device. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of machining, when turning deep-hole workpieces, long shaft parts, and components with deep cavity structures, tool extension devices are usually required to increase the overhang of the tool and expand its machining range. These are essential accessories for lathes to achieve high aspect ratio cutting. With the increasing demands for machining accuracy and surface quality in the precision manufacturing industry, tool vibration damping performance under long overhang conditions has become a key factor restricting turning efficiency and finished product quality.
[0003] Existing cutting tool extension devices are mostly rigid extension structures. Some extension devices with vibration damping functions are only equipped with a single type of vibration damping structure. The technical defects are that a single damping structure or vibration absorption structure cannot simultaneously cover low, medium and high frequency vibrations during the cutting process. As the tool overhang length increases, the system rigidity decreases significantly, and radial and tangential chatter is easily generated during the cutting process. This will not only cause the surface roughness of the workpiece to increase and the dimensional accuracy to fluctuate greatly, failing to meet the requirements of precision machining, but also aggravate the alternating impact load on the tool, leading to tool breakage, accelerated fatigue wear, and a significant reduction in tool life. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a cutting tool extension device that dissipates vibration energy step by step and realizes multi-frequency, step-like vibration suppression.
[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a tool post connecting seat is provided on the tool post, a tool extension mounting seat is provided on the tool post connecting seat, a tool is provided on the tool extension mounting seat, a liquid damping mechanism is provided inside the tool extension mounting seat, and a dynamic vibration absorption mechanism and a particle damping mechanism are provided inside the tool post connecting seat; the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism is as follows: multiple adjusting components are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction inside the tool post connecting seat, a solid core column is provided inside the tool post connecting seat, and the outer circumferential sidewall of the solid core column is connected to the multiple adjusting components for adjusting the solid core column. The preload stiffness of the core column is adjusted by the following components: multiple blind holes are evenly arranged circumferentially inside the tool holder connecting seat, and a hydraulic piston is installed inside each blind hole. The bottom of the hydraulic piston is fixedly connected to one end of a spring through a spring push plate, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the solid core column. An annular oil passage is provided inside the tool holder connecting seat, and the annular oil passage is filled with hydraulic oil. The annular oil passage is interconnected with the blind holes located above the hydraulic piston. A hydraulic oil pump is installed on the tool holder connecting seat, and the hydraulic oil pump is interconnected with the annular oil passage through an oil supply pipe.
[0006] Furthermore, the tool extension mounting seat has a front damping cavity machined inside, and the tool post connecting seat has a middle damping cavity and a rear damping cavity that are interconnected inside. The liquid damping mechanism is located inside the front damping cavity, the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism is located inside the middle damping cavity, and the particle damping mechanism is located inside the rear damping cavity. The longitudinal sections of the front damping cavity, the middle damping cavity, and the rear damping cavity are all circular.
[0007] Furthermore, the outer wall of the solid core column is uniformly provided with multiple positioning grooves along the circumferential direction, and each positioning groove contains a movable ball, and each movable ball is fixedly connected to the other end of the corresponding spring.
[0008] Furthermore, the positioning groove is a hemispherical groove with a spherical radius of 3.5 mm and the radius of the movable ball is 3 mm.
[0009] Furthermore, a first limiting ring is provided at the top of the blind hole, and a second limiting ring is provided at the bottom of the blind hole. The hydraulic piston is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The first limiting ring and the second limiting ring respectively abut against the hydraulic piston to prevent the hydraulic piston from sliding out of the blind hole.
[0010] Furthermore, there is a radial gap between the outer wall of the solid core column and the inner wall of the middle section vibration damping cavity, with a gap height H of 1.5 mm. There is also an axial gap between the two end faces of the solid core column and the two end faces of the inner section vibration damping cavity, with a gap width L of 2.5 mm.
[0011] Furthermore, an elastic diaphragm is provided between the front section vibration damping cavity and the middle section vibration damping cavity. The front section vibration damping cavity is a sealed cavity. The elastic diaphragm is made of oil-resistant fluororubber with a thickness of 1.5mm. A first partition is provided between the middle section vibration damping cavity and the rear section vibration damping cavity. The first partition has air holes. A second partition is provided at one end of the interior of the rear section vibration damping cavity. The middle section vibration damping cavity and the rear section vibration damping cavity constitute a sealed cavity.
[0012] Furthermore, the liquid damping mechanism is as follows: the front damping cavity is filled with damping liquid, and two first flow-blocking plates are arranged in the front damping cavity. A first connecting hole for the flow of damping liquid is machined in the middle of the two first flow-blocking plates. Multiple second flow-blocking plates are arranged between the two first flow-blocking plates. Each second flow-blocking plate has multiple second connecting holes that communicate with the first connecting holes along the circumferential direction. The second connecting holes in the circumferential direction on each second flow-blocking plate are staggered.
[0013] Furthermore, the circumferential sidewalls of each of the first and second flow-blocking plates are respectively sealed to the inner circumferential sidewalls of the front damping cavity.
[0014] Furthermore, the particle damping mechanism is as follows: the rear section of the vibration damping cavity inside the tool holder connecting seat is filled with multiple steel balls that collide with each other, the total volume of the steel balls accounts for 70% of the internal volume of the rear section of the vibration damping cavity, and the particle size of the steel balls is 2mm to 3mm.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention adopts a three-stage vibration reduction structure of liquid damping, dynamic vibration absorption and particle damping arranged in sequence along the axial direction, dissipating vibration energy step by step, realizing multi-frequency and step-like vibration suppression. The front liquid damping mechanism forcibly extends the flow path of the damping liquid through staggered baffles, and converts the vibration energy into heat energy dissipation by means of the liquid viscous shear effect and the local resistance of the sudden change in flow direction, while buffering the front cutting impact and avoiding the impact of sudden change in liquid pressure on the tool installation accuracy; the middle dynamic vibration absorption mechanism uses the reverse inertial response of the high-density solid core column to transfer the vibration energy of the cutting tool through the resonance cancellation principle; the rear particle damping mechanism relies on the non-elastic collision and relative sliding friction of steel balls to realize nonlinear energy dissipation, efficiently handle the residual high-frequency and wide-frequency random vibration. The present invention significantly weakens the forced vibration of the cutting tool extension system through the synergistic effect of the three-stage structure, effectively suppresses the radial and tangential chatter of the cutting tool, reduces the alternating impact load on the tool, reduces the risk of tool breakage and fatigue wear, and extends the overall service life of the cutting tool and the extension device.
[0016] (2) The present invention uses a hydraulic oil pump and annular oil passage to synchronously drive multiple sets of pistons and spring assemblies, and adjusts the support preload and equivalent stiffness of the solid core column in real time. When the cutting depth increases and the vibration intensifies, the spring compression is increased to increase the support stiffness and broaden the effective vibration reduction frequency range. When the vibration weakens or the machining stops, the spring resets to a low stiffness state under its own elasticity to maintain high vibration reduction sensitivity, which is used to adapt to different cutting parameters and machining loads and adapt to changing turning conditions.
[0017] (3) In this invention, the front liquid cavity is an independent sealed structure. The pressure buffer and leakage prevention are achieved simultaneously through the oil-resistant fluororubber elastic diaphragm, which prevents the damping liquid from seeping into the middle cavity. The middle and rear cavities are separated by a partition with air holes, which ensures the air pressure balance in the cavity, does not hinder the free movement of the steel ball, and maintains the overall sealing of the cavity.
[0018] (4) In this invention, the solid core column and the inner wall of the cavity are reserved with radial and axial gaps. Combined with the support structure of ball bearings and positioning grooves, it can ensure that the core column can move freely in the radial direction to achieve vibration absorption, and avoid mechanical jamming during vibration. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the tool extension device of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting tool extension mounting base, cutting tool, and tool post connecting base of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure.
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid damping mechanism.
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism and the particle damping mechanism.
[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of movable balls on a solid core.
[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning groove on a solid core.
[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the blind hole on the tool holder connector.
[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the adjustment component and the solid core column.
[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment component.
[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Tool post; 2. Tool extension mounting base; 3. Tool; 4. Tool post connecting seat; 5. Liquid damping mechanism; 501. First connecting hole; 502. First baffle plate; 503. Second connecting hole; 504. Second baffle plate; 6. Elastic diaphragm; 7. Dynamic vibration absorption mechanism; 701. Solid core column; 702. Movable ball; 703. Positioning groove; 704. Blind hole; 705. First limiting ring; 706. Hydraulic piston; 707. Second limiting ring; 708. Spring; 709. Spring push plate; 710. Oil pipe; 711. Hydraulic oil pump; 712. Annular oil passage; 8. First partition plate; 9. Particle damping mechanism; 901. Steel ball; 10. Second partition plate; 11. Front damping cavity; 12. Middle damping cavity; 13. Rear damping cavity; 14. Air hole. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0031] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a lathe tool extension device in this embodiment is composed of a tool holder 1, a tool extension mounting base 2, a lathe tool 3, a tool holder connecting base 4, a liquid damping mechanism 5, an elastic diaphragm 6, a dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7, a first partition 8, a particle damping mechanism 9, a second partition 10, a front vibration damping cavity 11, a middle vibration damping cavity 12, and a rear vibration damping cavity 13 connected together.
[0032] A tool holder connecting seat 4 is provided on the tool holder 1, a tool extension mounting seat 2 is provided on the tool holder connecting seat 4, a tool 3 is provided on the tool extension mounting seat 2, a liquid damping mechanism 5 is provided inside the tool extension mounting seat 2, and a dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7 and a particle damping mechanism 9 are provided inside the tool holder connecting seat 4.
[0033] The tool extension mounting base 2 has a front damping cavity 11 machined inside, and the tool post connecting base 4 has a middle damping cavity 12 and a rear damping cavity 13 that are interconnected inside. The liquid damping mechanism 5 is located inside the front damping cavity 11, the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7 is located inside the middle damping cavity 12, and the particle damping mechanism 9 is located inside the rear damping cavity 13. The longitudinal sections of the front damping cavity 11, the middle damping cavity 12, and the rear damping cavity 13 are all circular. An elastic diaphragm 6 is provided between the front damping cavity 11 and the middle damping cavity 12. The front damping cavity 11 is a sealed cavity. The elastic diaphragm 6 is made of oil-resistant fluororubber with a thickness of 1.5mm. It satisfies the flow distribution of liquid in the front damping cavity 11 and prevents leakage into the middle damping cavity 12. A first partition 8 is provided between the middle damping cavity 12 and the rear damping cavity 13. The first partition 8 is machined with air holes 14. The middle damping cavity 12 is connected to the rear damping cavity 13 through the air holes 14. A second partition 10 is provided at one end of the interior of the rear damping cavity 13. The middle damping cavity 12 and the rear damping cavity 13 constitute a sealed cavity.
[0034] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the liquid damping mechanism 5 is composed of multiple first flow-blocking plates 502 and multiple second flow-blocking plates 504 connected together.
[0035] The liquid damping mechanism 5 is as follows: the front damping cavity 11 is filled with damping liquid, which is dimethyl silicone oil. The viscosity coefficient is 200 cSt at 25℃. Dimethyl silicone oil has the advantages of good chemical stability, not easy to deteriorate, and small viscosity change with temperature. It is suitable for long-term use in the temperature environment of machine tool processing. Two first flow-blocking plates 502 are provided inside the front damping cavity 11. A first connecting hole 501 for damping liquid flow is machined in the middle of the two first flow-blocking plates 502. Multiple second flow-blocking plates 504 are provided between the two first flow-blocking plates 502. The circumferential sidewall of each first flow-blocking plate 502 and second flow-blocking plate 504 is respectively sealed and connected to the inner circumferential sidewall of the front damping cavity 11. Multiple second connecting holes 503 connected to the first connecting holes 501 are provided on each second flow-blocking plate 504 along the circumferential direction. The second connecting holes 503 on each second flow-blocking plate 504 are staggered in the circumferential direction, which can force the damping liquid to extend the flow path and increase the flow damping to achieve a better damping effect. The liquid damping mechanism 5, as the front buffer structure of the damping liquid, allows the damping liquid to generate flow and pressure fluctuation in this area when the cutting tool 3 is subjected to forced vibration, preventing the sudden change of liquid pressure from adversely affecting the tool installation accuracy.
[0036] like Figure 3 , Figures 5 to 10 As shown, the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7 is composed of a solid core column 701, movable ball bearings 702, positioning groove 703, blind hole 704, first limiting ring 705, hydraulic piston 706, second limiting ring 707, spring 708, spring push plate 709, oil supply pipe 710, hydraulic oil pump 711, and annular oil passage 712.
[0037] The dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7 consists of multiple adjusting components evenly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the middle section vibration damping cavity 12 of the tool holder connecting seat 4. A solid core column 701 is installed inside the tool holder connecting seat 4. The solid core column 701 is made of high-density alloy, preferably tungsten alloy, with a density of not less than 17 g / cm³. The outer diameter of the solid core column 701 is 32 mm, and its axial length is 80 mm. There is a radial gap H between the outer wall of the solid core column 701 and the inner wall of the middle section vibration damping cavity 12, with a gap height H of 1.5 mm. There is also an axial gap L between the two axial end faces of the solid core column 701 and the two inner end faces of the middle section vibration damping cavity 12, with a gap width L of 2.5 mm, to prevent the solid core column 701 from mechanically jamming against the inner wall of the middle section vibration damping cavity 12 during forced vibration. The outer circumferential sidewall of the solid core 701 is uniformly provided with multiple positioning grooves 703. Each positioning groove 703 contains a movable ball 702, which is fixedly connected to the other end of a corresponding spring 708. The positioning groove 703 is a hemispherical groove with a radius of 3.5 mm. The movable ball 702 has a radius of 3 mm and is a high-precision steel ball with a diameter of 6 mm, a surface hardness of not less than HRC60, and a surface roughness Ra of not more than 0.1 μm. The outer circumferential sidewall of the solid core 701 is connected to multiple adjusting components for adjusting the preload stiffness of the solid core 701.
[0038] The adjustment assembly consists of: multiple blind holes 704 evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the inner side wall of the middle section vibration damping cavity 12 of the tool holder connecting seat 4. A hydraulic piston 706 is installed inside each blind hole 704. The bottom of the hydraulic piston 706 is fixedly connected to one end of a spring 708 via a spring push plate 709. The other end of the spring 708 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the solid core column 701. A first limiting ring 705 is provided at the top of the blind hole 704, and a second limiting ring 707 is provided at the bottom of the blind hole 704. The hydraulic piston 706 is located between the first limiting ring 705 and the second limiting ring 707. The first limiting ring 705 and the second limiting ring 707 respectively abut against the hydraulic piston 706 to prevent the hydraulic piston 706 from sliding out of the blind hole 704. The tool holder connecting seat 4 has an annular oil passage 712 inside, which is filled with hydraulic oil. The annular oil passage 712 is interconnected with multiple blind holes 704 located above the hydraulic piston 706. The tool holder connecting seat 4 is equipped with a hydraulic oil pump 711, which is interconnected with the annular oil passage 712 through an oil supply pipe 710. The hydraulic oil pushes the hydraulic piston 706, which compresses the spring 708 through the spring push plate 709. The axial preload of the spring acts directly on the movable ball 702 through its end, and then the ball evenly transmits the force to the spherical inner wall of the positioning groove 703, ultimately achieving radial elastic support for the solid core column 701. By compressing the spring 708 through the spring push plate 709, the compression of the spring 708 increases, thereby increasing the preload stiffness and thus increasing the normal pressure of the movable ball 702 acting on the positioning groove 703 of the solid core column 701, thereby adjusting the vibration constraint stiffness of the solid core column 701.
[0039] The free vibration characteristics of the solid core 701 are as follows: Under the excitation of cutting vibration, the solid core 701 can move freely in the radial direction inside the middle section damping cavity 12. Through the reverse inertial response to the cutting excitation force, it can achieve reverse resonance cancellation of the radial cutting force of the cutting tool 3. Its natural frequency is preset to be in the range of 300Hz to 500Hz.
[0040] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the particle damping mechanism 9 is as follows: the rear damping cavity 13 inside the tool holder connecting seat 4 is filled with multiple steel balls 901 that collide with each other. The steel balls 901 are made of chromium steel with a surface hardness of not less than HRC58. The particle size of the steel balls 901 is 2mm to 3mm. The total volume of the steel balls 901 accounts for 70% of the internal volume of the rear damping cavity 13, ensuring that the steel balls 901 have sufficient space to move and collide with each other under vibration.
[0041] The vibration reduction principle of steel ball 901 is as follows: Under vibration excitation, irregular collisions and relative sliding friction occur between each steel ball 901, which converts mechanical vibration energy into heat energy between particles, manifested as instantaneous temperature rise and sound energy at the contact point, thus achieving irreversible energy dissipation. This mechanism belongs to the nonlinear energy dissipation mechanism and has excellent suppression effect on high-frequency and wide-band random vibration.
[0042] When turning begins, the cutting tool 3 contacts the workpiece, generating a cutting force. This cutting force includes a static component and a dynamic fluctuation component. The dynamic fluctuation component is transmitted radially and tangentially to the tool extension mount 2, exciting the entire tool system to produce forced vibration. The vibration energy propagates axially from the tool extension mount 2 to the tool holder connector 4, and is processed step-by-step by a three-stage vibration damping system.
[0043] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: During operation, the cutting tool 3 generates vibration. When turning begins, the cutting tool 3 contacts the workpiece, generating a cutting force. This cutting force includes a static component and a dynamic fluctuation component. The dynamic fluctuation component is transmitted radially and tangentially to the cutting tool extension mount 2, exciting the entire tool system to produce forced vibration. The vibration energy propagates axially from the tool holder connecting seat 4 to the cutting tool extension mount 2, and is gradually reduced through the liquid damping mechanism 5, the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7, and the particle damping mechanism 9.
[0044] The vibration reduction principle of the liquid damping mechanism 5 is as follows: Vibration first acts on the damping liquid in the front damping cavity 11. Due to the incompressibility of the damping liquid, the vibration pressure forces the damping liquid to repeatedly flow through the first connecting holes 501 on multiple first flow baffles 502 and the staggered second connecting holes 503 on multiple second flow baffles 504. Because the second connecting holes 503 on adjacent second flow baffles 504 are staggered, the liquid must change direction multiple times radially during the flow process, and the flow path is significantly extended. Through the combined action of the viscous shear effect of the damping liquid and the local resistance generated by the sudden change in flow direction, the vibration energy is converted into the internal heat energy of the liquid and dissipated. The elastic diaphragm 6 plays a dual role of pressure buffering and sealing to prevent leakage, avoiding interference from the liquid pressure impact on the middle damping cavity 12.
[0045] The vibration reduction principle of the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7 is as follows: residual vibration energy is transmitted through the elastic diaphragm 6 to the solid core column 701 suspended in the middle vibration damping cavity 12. The solid core column 701 is suspended in the center of the middle vibration damping cavity 12 by an elastic support system composed of movable ball bearings 702 and springs 708. The inertial mass of the solid core column 701 and the elastic stiffness of the springs 708 together determine the natural frequency. The solid core column 701 generates a reverse inertial response to the cutting vibration of the cutting tool 3. Through the principle of resonance cancellation, the vibration energy of the cutting tool 3 is transferred to the solid core column 701, thereby significantly reducing the residual amplitude at the tool holder connecting seat 4.
[0046] As the cutting depth of the cutting tool 3 increases, the vibration intensifies. The hydraulic pump 711, controlled by the hydraulic system, delivers high-pressure hydraulic oil to the annular oil passage 712 via the oil supply pipe 710. This high-pressure oil simultaneously acts on multiple hydraulic pistons 706, pushing each spring pusher plate 709 to synchronously compress the springs 708. This increases the preload of the springs 708, increasing the normal pressure of the movable ball bearings 702 on the positioning grooves 703 of the solid core column 701. This increases the equivalent support stiffness of the solid core column 701, enabling effective vibration reduction over a wider frequency range. When the vibration weakens or the machining process ends, the compressed springs 708 reset under their own elastic restoring force, and the preload returns to its initial low-stiffness state.
[0047] The vibration reduction principle of the particle damping mechanism 9 is as follows: after being transferred by the liquid damping mechanism 5 and the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism 7, the remaining residual vibration energy is transmitted to the steel balls 901 in the rear damping cavity 13. Under vibration excitation, random and nonlinear mutual collisions and relative sliding friction occur between the steel balls 901. Through inelastic collisions and friction energy dissipation, mechanical energy is converted into heat energy and sound energy, achieving the ultimate dissipation of residual random vibration. The air holes 14 on the first partition 8 ensure the air pressure balance in the rear damping cavity 13, avoiding the air compression effect from hindering the free movement of the steel balls 901.
[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tool extension device, characterized in that: A tool holder connecting seat (4) is provided on the tool holder (1), a tool extension mounting seat (2) is provided on the tool holder connecting seat (4), a tool (3) is provided on the tool extension mounting seat (2), a liquid damping mechanism (5) is provided inside the tool extension mounting seat (2), and a dynamic vibration absorption mechanism (7) and a particle damping mechanism (9) are provided inside the tool holder connecting seat (4). The aforementioned dynamic vibration damping mechanism (7) is as follows: multiple adjustment components are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction inside the tool holder connecting seat (4), and a solid core column (701) is provided inside the tool holder connecting seat (4). The outer circumferential sidewall of the solid core column (701) is connected to multiple adjustment components to adjust the preload stiffness of the solid core column (701). The adjustment components are as follows: multiple blind holes (704) are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction inside the tool holder connecting seat (4), and a hydraulic piston (706) is provided inside each blind hole (704). The bottom of the hydraulic piston (706) is connected to the tool holder connecting seat (4) via multiple blind holes (704) and a hydraulic piston (706) is provided inside each blind hole (704). The spring push plate (709) is fixedly connected to one end of the spring (708), and the other end of the spring (708) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the solid core column (701). The tool holder connecting seat (4) is provided with an annular oil passage (712), which is filled with hydraulic oil. The annular oil passage (712) is interconnected with the interior of multiple blind holes (704) located above the hydraulic piston (706). The tool holder connecting seat (4) is provided with a hydraulic oil pump (711), which is interconnected with the annular oil passage (712) through an oil supply pipe (710).
2. The tool extension device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool extension mounting base (2) has a front damping cavity (11) machined inside, and the tool holder connecting base (4) has a middle damping cavity (12) and a rear damping cavity (13) that are interconnected inside. The liquid damping mechanism (5) is located inside the front damping cavity (11), the dynamic vibration absorption mechanism (7) is located inside the middle damping cavity (12), and the particle damping mechanism (9) is located inside the rear damping cavity (13). The longitudinal sections of the front damping cavity (11), the middle damping cavity (12), and the rear damping cavity (13) are all circular.
3. The tool extension device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid core (701) has a plurality of positioning grooves (703) evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer wall. Each positioning groove (703) has a movable ball (702) nested inside it. Each movable ball (702) is fixedly connected to the other end of the corresponding spring (708).
4. The tool extension device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning groove (703) is a hemispherical groove with a spherical radius of 3.5 mm, and the radius of the movable ball (702) is 3 mm.
5. The tool extension device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first limiting ring (705) is provided at the top of the blind hole (704), and a second limiting ring (707) is provided at the bottom of the blind hole (704). The hydraulic piston (706) is located between the first limiting ring (705) and the second limiting ring (707). The first limiting ring (705) and the second limiting ring (707) respectively abut against the hydraulic piston (706) to prevent the hydraulic piston (706) from sliding out of the blind hole (704).
6. The tool extension device according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a gap in the radial direction between the outer wall of the solid core column (701) and the inner wall of the middle section damping cavity (12), with a gap height H of 1.5 mm. There is also a gap in the axial direction between the two end faces of the solid core column (701) and the two end faces of the inner section damping cavity (12), with a gap width L of 2.5 mm.
7. The tool extension device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic diaphragm (6) is provided between the front section damping cavity (11) and the middle section damping cavity (12). The front section damping cavity (11) is a sealed cavity. The elastic diaphragm (6) is made of oil-resistant fluororubber with a thickness of 1.5 mm. A first partition (8) is provided between the middle section damping cavity (12) and the rear section damping cavity (13). Air holes (14) are processed on the first partition (8). A second partition (10) is provided at one end of the rear section damping cavity (13). The middle section damping cavity (12) and the rear section damping cavity (13) constitute a sealed cavity.
8. The tool extension device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid damping mechanism (5) is as follows: the front damping cavity (11) is filled with damping liquid, and two first flow-blocking plates (502) are provided in the front damping cavity (11). The two first flow-blocking plates (502) have a first connecting hole (501) for the flow of damping liquid in the middle. Multiple second flow-blocking plates (504) are provided between the two first flow-blocking plates (502). Multiple second connecting holes (503) that communicate with the first connecting hole (501) are provided on each second flow-blocking plate (504) along the circumferential direction. The second connecting holes (503) in the circumferential direction on each second flow-blocking plate (504) are staggered.
9. The tool extension device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The circumferential sidewalls of each of the first baffle plate (502) and the second baffle plate (504) are respectively sealed to the inner circumferential sidewall of the front damping cavity (11).
10. The tool extension device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle damping mechanism (9) is as follows: the rear section damping cavity (13) inside the tool holder connecting seat (4) is filled with multiple steel balls (901) that collide with each other. The total volume of the steel balls (901) accounts for 70% of the internal volume of the rear section damping cavity (13), and the particle size of the steel balls (901) is 2mm to 3mm.