A metal plate shearing machine with adaptive guiding and automatic conveying function

Abstract

The application discloses a metal plate shearing machine with self-adaptive guiding and automatic conveying functions and belongs to the technical field of metal plate processing equipment. The shearing machine comprises a shearing machine rack, a shearing cutter and a shearing limiting frame. The core of the shearing machine is that a material supporting guide rail with a containing cavity and a top communicating notch is fixed on the rack, an internal electric conveying mechanism is arranged in the cavity, the conveying surface of the conveying mechanism projects from the notch to drive the automatic movement of the plate, lateral width limiting clamping guide mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the material supporting guide rail, the plate is self-adaptively clamped through elastic members, an elastic pressing and stabilizing mechanism is arranged on the discharging side of the shearing limiting frame to elastically press and stabilize the plate from the top, and in addition, a shearing driving mechanism composed of a hydraulic cylinder, a swing rocker, a transmission connecting rod and a cutter holder connecting frame is arranged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of metal sheet processing equipment, specifically relating to a metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of heavy bridge construction and large steel structure manufacturing, it is often necessary to cut extra-long and extra-heavy metal plates to length. Existing metal shearing machines face several technical challenges when processing such heavy plates: First, heavy plates are large in volume and heavy in weight. Traditional shearing machines mostly rely on manual pushing and pulling for feeding, which is not only extremely labor-intensive, but also slow and inefficient. It is also difficult to ensure the straightness of the feeding direction and is very easy to cause lateral deviation.

[0003] Secondly, the material support mechanism of existing shearing machines is mostly a rigid plane support. For heavy plates with slight unevenness or flexural deformation on the surface, rigid contact can easily lead to local stress concentration on the plate. In addition, the plate has huge friction during the feeding process, which further increases the difficulty of feeding.

[0004] Furthermore, during shearing, traditional shearing machines are prone to edge warping or displacement of the sheet metal due to the shearing force, severely affecting the flatness and dimensional accuracy of the sheared end face. In addition, the shearing drive mechanism and the material pressing and supporting mechanism of existing shearing machines are usually driven by independent power sources (such as multiple air cylinders or hydraulic cylinders), resulting in a large hydraulic system and complex control timing. Moreover, the shearing blades are prone to tilting at both ends due to uneven force, causing uneven sheared end faces or blade tilting.

[0005] Finally, traditional mechanical guides are easily damaged by impacts when dealing with the high-speed movement of heavy sheet metal, and it is difficult to achieve high-precision automated length cutting. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a heavy-duty metal shearing machine that can achieve automatic feeding, adaptive clamping and guiding, elastic pressure stabilization, and high-rigidity linkage shearing function. Summary of the Invention

[0006] 1. Technical problem to be solved: In order to solve the technical problems of difficulty in feeding heavy plates, easy deviation and warping, low dimensional accuracy, and uneven force on the shearing mechanism in the prior art, the present invention provides a metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions.

[0007] 2. Technical Solution: To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0008] A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions includes a shearing machine frame, shearing blades mounted on the shearing machine frame, and a shearing limiting frame. The machine is characterized by further comprising: A material support guide rail is fixedly mounted on the frame of the shearing machine. It has an internal cavity and a top connecting slot along its length that communicates with the internal cavity. An internal electric conveying mechanism is housed within the internal cavity, with its conveying surface protruding from the top connecting slot. The material support guide rail includes a feeding guide rail located on the feeding side of the shearing station and a discharging guide rail located on the discharging side of the shearing station. Both the feeding guide rail and the discharging guide rail include the internal cavity, the top connecting slot, and the internal electric conveying mechanism. A lateral width-limiting clamping guide mechanism is detachably and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding guide rail, used to adaptively clamp the plate from both sides and constrain the feeding trajectory of the plate; An elastic pressing and stabilizing mechanism is provided on the discharge side of the shearing limiting frame to elastically press the plate from above and prevent the plate from warping during shearing. A shearing drive mechanism is mounted on the frame of the shearing machine and is used to drive the shearing cutter to perform up-and-down reciprocating shearing motion.

[0009] Furthermore, four feeding guide rails are provided, arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction; two discharging guide rails are provided, arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the built-in electric conveying mechanism includes a plurality of electric conveying wheels spaced apart along the length of the guide rail, or a circulating conveyor belt disposed within the internal accommodating cavity; the built-in electric conveying mechanism is electrically connected to a controller.

[0011] Furthermore, the lateral width-limiting clamping guide mechanism includes a clamping beam, a connecting plate, an elastic telescopic assembly, and a plurality of guide rollers spaced apart along the length of the clamping beam; the clamping beam is connected to the connecting plate through the elastic telescopic assembly, and the elastic telescopic assembly is provided with a spring inside.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic pressure-stabilizing mechanism includes a pressure-stabilizing mounting base fixed to the shearing limiting frame, an elastic buffer assembly, and an elastic pressure roller; the elastic buffer assembly is equipped with a spring inside, and the elastic pressure roller is mounted on the pressure-stabilizing mounting base by means of the elastic buffer assembly, the spring applies a biasing force toward the plate to the elastic pressure roller, so that the elastic pressure roller can float up and down with the thickness of the plate and press the plate; when the plate is moved away, the elastic pressure roller can automatically reset under the action of the spring.

[0013] Furthermore, the shearing drive mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged drive components, located on the left and right sides of the shearing cutter, respectively. Each drive component includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket, a transmission link, a swing arm, and a cutter holder connecting frame. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the shearing machine frame via the hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket, and its piston rod is hinged to the first end of the swing arm. The second ends of the two swing arms are hinged to the shearing machine frame via the same pivot. The middle portions of the two swing arms are respectively hinged to the first ends of the corresponding transmission links. The second ends of the two transmission links are respectively hinged to the corresponding cutter holder connecting frames. The two cutter holder connecting frames are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the shearing cutter for driving the shearing cutter to move up and down.

[0014] Furthermore, the metal shearing machine also includes a plate position sensor disposed at the feeding end of the feeding guide rail or the feeding side of the shearing limiting frame; the plate position sensor is electrically connected to the controller and is configured to collect the moving distance signal of the plate in real time and send it to the controller; the controller is configured to: when the moving distance signal reaches a preset shearing length threshold, control the built-in electric conveying mechanism to stop conveying and control the hydraulic cylinder to perform the shearing action.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller of the metal shearing machine is electrically connected to the built-in electric conveying mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder, and the plate position sensor, respectively. The controller is configured to perform the following steps: Automatic feeding and length measurement steps: Start the built-in electric conveying mechanism in the feeding guide rail to transport the board to the shearing station, and at the same time collect the moving distance of the board in real time through the board position sensor; Adaptive clamping and stabilizing steps: When the moving distance reaches the preset shearing length threshold, the built-in electric conveying mechanism is stopped, so that the lateral width limiting clamping guide mechanism elastically clamps and positions the two sides of the plate, and the elastic pressure stabilizing mechanism presses the plate from above; Linked shearing steps: The hydraulic cylinder is controlled to move, and the shearing tool is driven to complete the shearing through the swing arm, the transmission link and the tool holder connecting frame.

[0016] 3. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages: (1) This invention achieves automatic transmission of heavy plates in the feeding and discharging directions by integrating a built-in electric conveying mechanism inside the fixed material support rail. Compared with manually pushing and pulling heavy steel plates, it reduces the labor intensity of operators and improves the efficiency and straightness of long plate feeding.

[0017] (2) In this invention, the lateral width limiting clamping guide mechanism adopts an elastic telescopic component in conjunction with a guide roller, which can adapt to different widths of plates and achieve flexible clamping, thus constraining the feeding trajectory of the plate; the elastic pressure stabilizing mechanism applies elastic pressure from above through springs and pressure rollers, which can adapt to the unevenness of the plate surface and thickness tolerance, and provide a stable clamping force at the moment of shearing, reducing the risk of plate warping or displacement.

[0018] (3) The shearing drive mechanism in this invention adopts a left-right symmetrical double hydraulic cylinder design. The core is that the second ends of the two swinging rockers share the same pivot, forming a mechanical rigid constraint. This structure effectively overcomes the problem of uneven force distribution that is prone to occur in single-side drive or independent pivot schemes, ensures the synchronization of the left and right ends of the shearing tool during the up-and-down reciprocating shearing process, and helps to improve the flatness of the shearing end face and extend the tool's service life.

[0019] (4) This invention achieves non-contact real-time length measurement and closed-loop control by setting up a plate position sensor in conjunction with a controller. Compared with traditional mechanical stoppers, it avoids impact damage to the stoppers when heavy plates move at high speeds, while improving the automation level and dimensional accuracy of fixed-length cutting.

[0020] It should be noted that the structures not described in this invention are not related to the design points and improvement directions of this invention, and are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies, so they will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the metal shearing machine of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the metal shearing machine of the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral width-limiting clamping and guiding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the medium-elasticity pressure-resistant and stabilizing mechanism; Figure 5 for Figure 2 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the shear drive mechanism.

[0022] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 100. Shearing machine frame; 200, Material support guide rail; 200A, Feeding material support guide rail; 200B, Discharge material support guide rail; 300. Lateral width-limiting clamping guide mechanism; 310. Guide roller; 320. Clamping beam; 330. Connecting plate; 340. Elastic telescopic assembly; 400. Shearing blade; 410. Shearing limiting frame; 500. Elastic pressure-absorbing mechanism; 510. Pressure-absorbing mounting base; 520. Elastic pressure roller; 530. Elastic buffer assembly; 700. Shearing drive mechanism; 710. Hydraulic cylinder; 720. Hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket; 730. Transmission link; 740. Swinging rocker arm; 750. Pivot; 760. Tool holder connecting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description of the invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the invention will be more thorough and complete.

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Example 1

[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 5 This embodiment provides a metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions. Its main structure includes a shearing machine frame 100, a shearing blade 400, a shearing limiting frame 410, a material support guide rail 200, a lateral width limiting clamping and guiding mechanism 300, an elastic pressing and stabilizing mechanism 500, and a shearing drive mechanism 700.

[0026] The material support guide rail 200 is fixedly mounted on the shearing machine frame 100. The material support guide rail 200 is divided into an infeed material support guide rail 200A and an outfeed material support guide rail 200B, both of which include the internal receiving cavity, the top connecting slot, and the built-in electric conveying mechanism. In a preferred embodiment, four infeed material support guide rails 200A are provided, spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the feeding direction to provide dense support points and strong driving force; two outfeed material support guide rails 200B are provided to receive the sheared sheet metal.

[0027] The material guide rail 200 has an internal cavity, and a top connecting slot along its length communicates with this cavity. An internal electric conveying mechanism (such as multiple electric conveyor wheels or a circulating conveyor belt) is installed within the internal cavity. The conveying surface of the internal electric conveying mechanism protrudes from the top connecting slot and contacts the bottom surface of the material. The internal electric conveying mechanism is electrically connected to a controller. When material needs to be fed, the controller activates the conveying mechanism, which drives the material to move automatically along the guide rail using friction. Because the conveying mechanism is hidden inside the guide rail, it saves space and avoids direct pressure damage to the transmission components from heavy objects.

[0028] Lateral width-limiting clamping guide mechanism 300: The feeding guide rail 200A is positioned on both sides and includes a clamping beam 320, a connecting plate 330, an elastic telescopic assembly 340, and guide rollers 310. The clamping beam 320 is connected to the connecting plate 330 via the elastic telescopic assembly 340, which contains a spring. During operation, pulling the elastic telescopic assembly 340 moves the clamping beam 320 to both sides. After the sheet material is placed in, the spring automatically returns to its original position, allowing the guide rollers 310 to flexibly clamp the sheet material from both sides. The guide rollers 310 not only reduce the frictional resistance of the sheet material sliding laterally but also effectively constrain the feeding trajectory of the sheet material, preventing it from deviating.

[0029] 500 elastic pressure-resistant and stabilizing mechanism: Located on the discharge side of the shearing limiting frame 410, this mechanism includes a pressure-stabilizing mounting base 510, an elastic buffer assembly 530, and an elastic pressure roller 520. The elastic buffer assembly 530 contains a spring. When the sheet metal enters the shearing station, the elastic pressure roller 520 is mounted on the pressure-stabilizing mounting base 510 via the elastic buffer assembly 530, allowing it to float up and down. The spring applies a biasing force towards the sheet metal to the elastic pressure roller 520, enabling it to float up and down and press the sheet metal as its thickness changes. After the sheet metal is removed, the elastic pressure roller 520 automatically resets under the action of the spring, providing a smooth clamping force during shearing and preventing the sheet metal from warping.

[0030] Shear drive mechanism 700 and linkage shear principle: The shearing drive mechanism 700 includes two sets of symmetrical drive components. Each set of components includes a hydraulic cylinder 710, a hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket 720, a transmission link 730, a swing arm 740, and a tool holder connecting bracket 760.

[0031] Hydraulic cylinder 710 is fixed to the shearing machine frame 100 via hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket 720. Its piston rod is hinged to the first end of the swing arm 740. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second ends of the two swing arms 740 are hinged to the shearing machine frame 100 via the same pivot 750. The middle portions of the two swing arms 740 are respectively hinged to one end of the transmission link 730, and the other end of the transmission link 730 is hinged to the blade holder connecting frame 760. The two blade holder connecting frames 760 are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the shearing blade 400.

[0032] During operation, the controller controls the synchronous extension or retraction of the hydraulic cylinders 710 on both sides. The piston rod drives the swing arm 740 to swing around a shared pivot 750. The middle part of the swing arm 740, through the transmission link 730 and the tool holder connecting frame 760, converts the swing into the up-and-down reciprocating shearing motion of the shearing tool 400. Since the two swing arms share a pivot 750, a mechanically rigid synchronous constraint is formed, so even if there is a slight difference in the load on both sides, the left and right ends of the shearing tool 400 can remain synchronized, avoiding uneven shearing end face caused by tool tilting.

[0033] In this embodiment, the controller is electrically connected to the built-in electric conveying mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder 710, and the plate position sensor.

[0034] During processing, the controller first activates the built-in electric conveying mechanism on the feeding side to transport the sheet material forward along the feeding guide rail 200A. During this process, the sheet material enters the lateral width-limiting clamping guide mechanism 300 on both sides. Under the spring force of the elastic telescopic component 340, the guide rollers 310 passively and adaptively clamp the sheet material from both sides, constraining its feeding trajectory. At the same time, the sheet material enters the lower part of the elastic pressing and stabilizing mechanism 500 above. Under the spring force of the elastic buffer component 530, the elastic pressure rollers 520 passively and adaptively press the surface of the sheet material from above.

[0035] Meanwhile, the plate position sensor collects the movement distance signal of the plate end in real time and sends it to the controller. When the controller determines that the movement distance has reached the preset shearing length threshold, it immediately controls the built-in electric conveyor mechanism on the feeding side to stop conveying.

[0036] Subsequently, the controller controls the hydraulic cylinder 710 to move, which drives the shearing cutter 400 downward to complete the shearing by swinging the rocker arm 740, the transmission link 730 and the cutter holder connecting frame 760.

[0037] After shearing, the cut sheet falls into the discharge guide rail 200B. At this time, the controller activates the built-in electric conveyor mechanism on the discharge side to automatically output the sheared sheet. Example 2

[0038] Unlike Embodiment 1, the built-in electric conveying mechanism in this embodiment is a circulating conveyor belt disposed within an internal accommodating cavity. The outer surface of the circulating conveyor belt has multiple protrusions spaced along its length, protruding from the top connecting slot and driving the plate material movement through continuous friction. Compared to a smooth belt surface, the protruding structure increases the contact friction with the bottom surface of the heavy plate material, preventing the plate material from slipping during conveying.

[0039] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the plate position sensor is a rotary encoder, mounted on the drive shaft of the circulating conveyor belt. The rotary encoder calculates the number of rotations of the drive shaft, combined with the conveyor belt pitch or the circumference of the drive roller, to determine the moving distance of the plate.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions, comprising a shearing machine frame (100), shearing blades (400) disposed on the shearing machine frame (100), and a shearing limiting frame (410), characterized in that, Also includes: The material guide rail (200) is fixedly installed on the frame (100) of the shearing machine. It has an internal cavity and a top communication slot that communicates with the internal cavity along the length direction. The internal cavity is equipped with a built-in electric conveying mechanism, and the conveying surface of the built-in electric conveying mechanism protrudes from the top communication slot. The material support guide rail (200) includes a feeding material support guide rail (200A) disposed on the feeding side of the shearing station and a discharging material support guide rail (200B) disposed on the discharging side of the shearing station. Both the feeding material support guide rail (200A) and the discharging material support guide rail (200B) include the internal accommodating cavity, the top connecting slot and the built-in electric conveying mechanism. The lateral width limiting clamping guide mechanism (300) is detachably and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding channel formed by the feeding guide rail (200A), and is used to adaptively clamp the plate from both sides and constrain the feeding trajectory of the plate. An elastic pressing and stabilizing mechanism (500) is provided on the discharge side of the shearing limiting frame (410) to elastically press the plate from above and prevent the plate from warping during shearing. A shearing drive mechanism (700) is mounted on the shearing machine frame (100) and is used to drive the shearing cutter (400) to perform up-and-down reciprocating shearing motion.

2. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Four feeding guide rails (200A) are provided, arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction; two discharging guide rails (200B) are provided, arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction.

3. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The built-in electric conveying mechanism is a plurality of electric conveying wheels arranged at intervals along the length of the guide rail, or a circulating conveyor belt set in the internal accommodating cavity; the built-in electric conveying mechanism is electrically connected to the controller.

4. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral width-limiting clamping guide mechanism (300) includes a clamping beam (320), a connecting plate (330), an elastic telescopic component (340), and a plurality of guide rollers (310) spaced apart along the length of the clamping beam (320); the clamping beam (320) is connected to the connecting plate (330) through the elastic telescopic component (340), and the elastic telescopic component (340) is provided with a spring inside.

5. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic pressure-stabilizing mechanism (500) includes a pressure-stabilizing mounting base (510), an elastic buffer assembly (530), and an elastic pressure roller (520) fixed on the shearing limiting frame (410). The elastic buffer assembly (530) is equipped with a spring inside. The elastic pressure roller (520) is mounted on the pressure-stabilizing mounting base (510) by means of the elastic buffer assembly (530). The spring applies a biasing force towards the plate to the elastic pressure roller (520), so that the elastic pressure roller (520) can float up and down with the change of plate thickness and press the plate. When the plate is removed, the elastic pressure roller (520) can automatically reset under the action of the spring.

6. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shearing drive mechanism (700) includes two sets of symmetrically arranged drive components, located on the left and right sides of the shearing cutter (400), respectively; Each of the drive components includes a hydraulic cylinder (710), a hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket (720), a transmission link (730), a swing arm (740), and a tool holder connector (760). The hydraulic cylinder (710) is fixed to the shearing machine frame (100) by the hydraulic cylinder mounting bracket (720), and its piston rod is hinged to the first end of the swing arm (740); The second ends of the two swing arms (740) are hinged to the shearing machine frame (100) via the same pivot (750); The middle portions of the two swing arms (740) are respectively hinged to the first end of the corresponding transmission link (730); The second ends of the two transmission links (730) are respectively hinged to the corresponding tool holder connecting frame (760); The two blade holder connectors (760) are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the shearing blade (400) respectively, and are used to drive the shearing blade (400) to move up and down reciprocally.

7. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (710) extends and retracts synchronously, thereby driving the shearing cutter (400) to perform reciprocating shearing motion through the corresponding swing arm (740), transmission link (730) and cutter holder connecting frame (760).

8. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a plate position sensor disposed at the feeding end of the feeding guide rail (200A) and / or the feeding side of the shearing limiting frame (410); The metal shearing machine also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the built-in electric conveying mechanism, the hydraulic cylinder (710), and the plate position sensor. The plate position sensor is electrically connected to the controller and is configured to collect the plate movement distance signal in real time and send it to the controller; The controller is configured to: when the moving distance signal reaches a preset shearing length threshold, control the built-in electric conveying mechanism to stop conveying and control the hydraulic cylinder (710) to perform shearing action.

9. A metal shearing machine with adaptive guidance and automatic conveying functions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller is configured to perform the following steps: Automatic feeding and length measurement steps: Start the built-in electric conveying mechanism in the feeding guide rail (200A) to transport the board to the shearing station, and at the same time collect the moving distance of the board in real time through the board position sensor; Adaptive clamping and stabilizing steps: When the moving distance reaches the preset threshold, the built-in electric conveying mechanism is stopped, and the side of the plate is elastically clamped and positioned by the lateral width limiting clamping guide mechanism (300), and the plate is pressed from above by the elastic pressure stabilizing mechanism (500). Linked shearing steps: Control the hydraulic cylinder (710) to move, and drive the shearing cutter (400) to complete the shearing by swinging the rocker arm (740), transmission link (730) and cutter holder connecting frame (760).

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