Two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering

Abstract

The application provides a two-in-one dismounting and welding table for precision soldering, and relates to the technical field of electric vehicle welding.The spherical shell with multiple smoke concentration sensors is arranged, and the mechanical arm is driven, so that the active tracking and accurate directional absorption of the smoke source during the welding of the lithium battery pole piece of the electric vehicle are realized, the smoke dispersion is effectively reduced, the absorbed smoke is sent into the air inlet end of the hot air gun after purification for recycling, an additional fan is not needed, and the structure is compact.The main controller in the main body of the dismounting and welding table can automatically identify four working conditions, i.e., standby, electric soldering, hot air gun welding and welding quality abnormality, and perform corresponding fan speed and heating power linkage control, so that energy saving, high efficiency and safety protection are realized.The filter layer of the purification assembly adopts a concentric cylinder nesting structure and magnetic attraction connection, the filter area is large, and the replacement is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle welding technology, specifically a two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, scenarios such as power battery manufacturing, high-voltage connector assembly, and on-board electronic control unit repair have placed higher demands on multi-functional welding tools. In the welding and repair of battery module tabs, a soldering iron is needed to reliably connect the battery tabs to the busbar; in the assembly and on-site maintenance of high-voltage connector wiring harnesses, a soldering iron is used to weld large-section wires and terminals; in the rework of circuit boards such as on-board controllers and BMS (Battery Management System), a soldering iron and a hot air gun are indispensable tools—the soldering iron is used for precision soldering, and the hot air gun is used for desoldering and baking surface-mount components. A two-in-one desoldering station integrates the functions of a soldering iron and a hot air gun, and with its integrated functions and flexible operation, it has become an important piece of equipment for on-site manufacturing and maintenance in the above scenarios. However, during the welding process, both the soldering iron and the hot air gun produce welding fumes containing rosin volatiles, particulate matter, and harmful gases, which can damage the operator's health if inhaled for a long time.

[0003] Existing two-in-one desoldering stations still have the following technical problems during use: They lack active absorption and purification functions for welding fumes, allowing fumes to directly escape into the work area, exposing operators to a high concentration of fumes for extended periods, posing a high health risk. Some external fume extraction devices are bulky, require independent power supplies, and cannot dynamically adjust the absorption direction according to changes in welding position, resulting in low absorption efficiency. Hot air guns typically draw in ambient air directly. When welding fumes are present in the work area, untreated fumes are drawn into the hot air gun, causing contamination of the air duct and heating element, affecting the lifespan of the hot air gun and the cleanliness of the exhaust air. Existing equipment cannot automatically identify different working conditions such as soldering iron welding and hot air gun welding based on changes in welding fume concentration, nor can it adjust the fan speed or heating power accordingly. This leads to problems such as energy consumption due to fan idling during standby, insufficient fume extraction capacity during welding, and failure to provide timely warnings of abnormal welding.

[0004] Therefore, a two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a precision soldering two-in-one desoldering station, comprising a desoldering station body, a soldering iron, a soldering iron bracket, a hot air gun, and a hot air gun bracket. The hot air gun bracket is fixed on the desoldering station body for placing the hot air gun, and the soldering iron bracket is placed next to the desoldering station body for placing the soldering iron. The soldering iron and the hot air gun are electrically connected to the desoldering station body via a power cord. The air inlet end of the hot air gun is connected to a fume absorption component, which includes a robotic arm, an absorption component, and a purification component. The robotic arm is fixedly connected to the housing of the purification component, and the absorption component is fixedly connected to the movable end of the robotic arm; The airflow drawn in by the absorption component passes through the channel inside the robotic arm and enters the purification component for filtration and purification. The filtered and purified airflow enters the air inlet of the hot air gun and is blown out by the hot air gun. The absorption assembly includes a spherical shell, with an absorption hole at the center on the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell and at least one layer of absorption holes at the peripheral position distributed around the absorption hole at the center position; each layer of absorption holes at the peripheral position contains at least four absorption holes and is evenly distributed along the circumference; a flue gas concentration sensor is fixedly connected to the inner side of each absorption hole. The robotic arm is configured to move according to the flue gas concentration detected by each flue gas concentration sensor, so that the orientation of the absorption hole at the center is aligned with the area with the highest flue gas concentration.

[0006] Furthermore, the robotic arm includes a rotating assembly, a hinged bracket, a drive assembly one, a connecting arm one, a drive assembly two, and a connecting arm two; The rotating component is fixedly connected to the outer shell of the purification component. The rotating end of the rotating component is fixedly connected to a hinge bracket. The hinge bracket is fixedly connected to a drive component one. The rotating end of the drive component one is fixedly connected to a connecting arm one. The other end of the connecting arm one is fixedly connected to a drive component two. The rotating end of the drive component two is fixedly connected to a connecting arm two. The end of the connecting arm two is fixedly connected to a spherical outer shell.

[0007] Furthermore, the purification component includes a housing, a first connecting pipe, and a second connecting pipe; One end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the housing, and the other end is connected to the flue gas outlet of the absorption assembly or the robotic arm; One end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer casing, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the hot air gun; The bottom of the housing is threaded with a bottom cover, and a filter assembly is installed inside the housing.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter assembly includes a flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh, a primary metal pre-filter, an activated carbon composite adsorption layer, an electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter layer, arranged concentrically from the outside to the inside of the housing. The flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh, the primary metal pre-filter, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer, the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer are all in a ring shape, nested in sequence to form a concentric circle structure. The air inlet end of connecting pipe two is connected to the central area of ​​the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes multiple magnetic connectors, each of which is a hollow cylinder and is fixedly connected to the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh, the primary metal pre-filter, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer, the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer, respectively. Magnets are provided at the connection between the connecting tube 2 and the outer shell, as well as at both ends of each magnetic connector.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; The first sealing gasket is placed between the end face of the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh, the primary metal pre-filter, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer, the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer near the inner wall of the outer shell and the outer shell, and is used to seal the connection between the end face and the outer shell. The second sealing gasket is placed between the other end face of the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh, the primary metal pre-filter, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer, the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer, which is close to the bottom cover, and the bottom cover, to seal the connection between the other end face and the bottom cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the flue gas concentration sensor is a MEMS metal oxide semiconductor sensor, and the robotic arm is configured to: read the values ​​of each flue gas concentration sensor at a preset sampling period; when the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor inside the absorption hole at the center position is lower than the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor inside the absorption hole at any peripheral position, calculate the concentration gradient direction and drive the robotic arm to move so that the absorption hole at the center position faces the concentration gradient direction; when the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors are lower than a preset threshold, the robotic arm remains stationary in its current position.

[0012] Furthermore, the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh is made of 304 stainless steel wire mesh; the primary metal pre-filter is made of 304 stainless steel woven wire mesh; the activated carbon composite adsorption layer is made of honeycomb coconut shell activated carbon; the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer is made of polypropylene electret meltblown nonwoven fabric; and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer is a cylindrical filter element made of ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper.

[0013] Furthermore, the magnetic surfaces of the magnetic connectors are equipped with limiting structures.

[0014] Furthermore, the main body of the desoldering station is equipped with a main controller, which is connected to the heating control circuit of the soldering iron, the fan speed control circuit of the hot air gun, the heating control circuit of the hot air gun, and the electrical signals of each flue gas concentration sensor. The main controller is configured to perform the following intelligent linkage control based on dynamic concentration judgment: When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors are below the first concentration threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles, the main controller determines that it is in standby mode and reduces the fan speed of the hot air gun to 30% to 50% of the standby speed; when the reading of any flue gas concentration sensor exceeds the first concentration threshold, the main controller determines that welding has started and restores the fan speed to the value before reduction within 0.5 seconds. When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor inside the absorption hole at the center exceeds the second concentration threshold, and the rate of change of this reading is positive, and the readings of all surrounding flue gas concentration sensors are lower than the reading at the center, the main controller determines that the soldering iron is soldering, and linearly adjusts the fan speed according to the rate of change of the reading at the center until the reading at the center drops below the second concentration threshold. When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center exceeds the third concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of at least two peripheral flue gas concentration sensors and the reading at the center exceeds the gradient threshold, and the fluctuation amplitude of the reading at the center is less than the preset fluctuation threshold, the main controller determines that the hot air gun is heating and welding. Based on the ratio of the difference between the reading at the center and the third concentration threshold, the fan speed is linearly increased, while the heating power of the hot air gun is reduced by 10% to 20% until the reading at the center drops below the third concentration threshold. After that, the fan speed and heating power are restored to normal values. When the heating element temperature of the soldering iron exceeds the set upper temperature limit, and the reading of the smoke concentration sensor at the center position exceeds the fourth concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of any two peripheral smoke concentration sensors exceeds the gradient threshold, and the rate of change of the reading at the center position is greater than zero and continues for more than a preset time, the main controller determines that the soldering quality is abnormal, automatically reduces the heating power of the soldering iron by 20% to 30% and maintains it for a preset time until the reading at the center position drops below the fourth concentration threshold; if the reading at the center position continues to rise after the power is reduced, it is determined to be a soldering fault and an alarm is issued. Among them, the first concentration threshold < the second concentration threshold < the third concentration threshold < the fourth concentration threshold.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By setting up a spherical shell with multiple flue gas concentration sensors and combining it with a robotic arm drive, the present invention realizes active tracking and precise directional absorption of flue gas source when welding lithium battery electrode sheets for electric vehicles, effectively reducing flue gas emission; the absorbed flue gas is purified and sent to the air inlet of the hot air gun for recycling, without the need for additional fan configuration, and the structure is compact; the main controller inside the desoldering station is based on four concentration thresholds and can automatically identify four working conditions: standby, soldering iron welding, hot air gun welding, and welding quality abnormality, and execute corresponding fan speed and heating power linkage control to achieve energy saving, high efficiency and safety protection; the filter layer of the purification component adopts a concentric cylindrical nested structure and magnetic connection, with a large filtration area and convenient replacement.

[0016] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the entire invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the robotic arm of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the robotic arm of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the purification component of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Soldering station body; 2. Soldering iron; 3. Soldering iron stand; 4. Hot air gun; 5. Hot air gun stand; 6. Robotic arm; 61. Rotating component; 62. Hinge bracket; 63. Drive component one; 64. Connecting arm one; 65. Drive component two; 66. Connecting arm two; 7. Absorption component; 71. Spherical shell; 72. Absorption hole; 73. Flue gas concentration sensor; 8. Purification component; 81. Shell; 82. Connecting pipe one; 83. Connecting pipe two; 84. Bottom cover; 85. Filter component; 85. Flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh; 851. Primary metal pre-filter; 852. Activated carbon composite adsorption layer; 853. Electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer; 854. HEPA high-efficiency filter layer; 855. Magnetic connector; 86. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 4This invention provides a two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering, comprising a desoldering station body 1, a soldering iron 2, a soldering iron holder 3, a hot air gun 4, and a hot air gun holder 5. The hot air gun holder 5 is fixed to the desoldering station body 1 for holding the hot air gun 4, and the soldering iron holder 3 is placed next to the desoldering station body 1 for holding the soldering iron 2. The soldering iron 2 and the hot air gun 4 are electrically connected to the desoldering station body 1 via power cables.

[0024] The air inlet of the hot air gun 4 is connected to a flue gas absorption assembly, which includes a robotic arm 6, an absorption assembly 7, and a purification assembly 8. The robotic arm 6 is fixedly connected to the housing 81 of the purification assembly 8, and the absorption assembly 7 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the robotic arm 6. The airflow drawn in by the absorption assembly 7 passes through the internal channel of the robotic arm 6 and enters the purification assembly 8 for filtration and purification. The filtered and purified airflow then enters the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 and is blown out by the hot air gun 4.

[0025] The absorption assembly 7 includes a spherical shell 71. An absorption hole 72 is located at a central position on the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell 71, and at least one layer of absorption holes 72 distributed around the central absorption hole at a peripheral position. Each layer of peripheral absorption holes 72 contains at least four absorption holes 72, and they are evenly distributed circumferentially. A smoke concentration sensor 73 is fixedly connected to the inner side of each absorption hole 72. The robotic arm 6 is configured to move according to the smoke concentration detected by each smoke concentration sensor 73, so that the orientation of the central absorption hole 72 is aligned with the area of ​​highest smoke concentration.

[0026] In practice, the desoldering station body 1 is placed on a horizontal workbench surface for welding lithium battery electrodes in electric vehicles. This desoldering station effectively captures and purifies the large amount of fumes containing rosin and metal particles generated during the connection of the electrode tabs to the busbars in lithium battery electrode welding, ensuring the respiratory health of operators working in confined or narrow spaces (such as battery pack repair sites). The hot air gun bracket 5 is fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the desoldering station body 1 with screws, and the hot air gun 4 rests on the hot air gun bracket 5. The soldering iron bracket 3 is placed on the left side of the desoldering station body 1, and is not fixedly connected to it; its position can be adjusted by the operator according to their usage habits. The soldering iron 2 rests on the soldering iron bracket 3. The power cords of the soldering iron 2 and the hot air gun 4 are electrically connected to the output ports of the desoldering station body 1 via plug-in connections, and are powered by a unified power module inside the desoldering station body 1.

[0027] The fixed end of the robotic arm 6 is bolted to the top of the housing 81 of the purification component 8. The air inlet of the hot air gun 4 is connected to the air outlet of the purification component 8 via a silicone hose. The two ends of the silicone hose are respectively fitted onto the pagoda connectors of the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 and the pagoda connectors of the air outlet of the purification component 8, and locked with hose clamps. The movable end of the robotic arm 6 is fixedly connected to the spherical housing 71 via a threaded connection. The bottom of the spherical housing 71 has an internal threaded hole, and the outer surface of the output shaft of the movable end of the robotic arm 6 is machined with an external thread to match it. After screwing, a fixed connection is achieved.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, a central absorption hole 72 and a layer of peripheral absorption holes 72 are machined on the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell 71. This layer includes four peripheral absorption holes 72, evenly distributed at 90-degree intervals along the circumference, located at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° on the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell 71, respectively. The central absorption hole 72 is located at the apex directly in front of the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell 71. All five absorption holes 72 have the same diameter, ranging from one-fifth to one-quarter of the outer diameter of the spherical shell 71. An annular groove is formed on the inner wall of each absorption hole 72, and a flue gas concentration sensor 73 is embedded and fixed within each groove. The sensing surface of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 faces outward from the spherical shell 71 and is aligned with the axial direction of the absorption hole 72, enabling it to detect the flue gas concentration along the axial direction of the absorption hole 72.

[0029] The robotic arm 6 has a hollow channel inside, such as Figure 3 As shown, the channel is composed of the through channels inside connecting arm 1 64 and connecting arm 2 66, as well as the hollow output shafts at each rotating joint.

[0030] Specifically, both drive assembly 1 63 and drive assembly 2 65 employ hollow output shaft servos, allowing airflow to pass through the rotating joint and remain continuous. The inner cavity of the spherical shell 71 is connected to the air inlet of the purification assembly 8 via this channel. During operation, the fan of the hot air gun 4 generates negative pressure at its air inlet. This negative pressure is transmitted to the interior of the purification assembly 8 through a silicone hose, and then to the inner cavity of the spherical shell 71 through the internal channel of the robotic arm 6. This causes external air carrying welding fumes to be drawn into the inner cavity of the spherical shell 71 through each absorption hole 72, and then enters the purification assembly 8 through the internal channel of the robotic arm 6 for filtration and purification. The purified clean airflow enters the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 through the silicone hose and is finally blown out by the hot air gun 4.

[0031] When the hot air gun 4 is used for heating and welding, the high-temperature, high-speed airflow from its outlet will disturb the diffusion of the fumes. While the fume absorption function can still operate under these conditions, its absorption efficiency may be affected. When the hot air gun 4 is detected to be in welding mode, the main controller will appropriately reduce the heating power of the hot air gun 4 to minimize airflow disturbance, while simultaneously increasing the fan speed to enhance absorption capacity, thereby maximizing the fume absorption effect. In the welding of lithium-ion battery electrodes for electric vehicles, soldering irons and hot air guns are often used alternately (soldering iron for welding tabs, hot air gun for desoldering battery protection board components). This desoldering station can seamlessly switch between these modes and automatically adapt to the characteristics of the fumes under different conditions, preventing interruptions in fume absorption due to changes in welding methods.

[0032] The drive motherboard inside the robotic arm 6 is electrically connected to five flue gas concentration sensors 73 via an I2C bus, reading the concentration values ​​of each sensor 73 at a fixed sampling period. The drive motherboard stores a concentration gradient calculation program: first, it reads the readings of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 inside the absorption hole 72 at the center position and the readings of the flue gas concentration sensors 73 inside the absorption holes 72 at the four peripheral positions; then, it compares the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center position with the readings of the flue gas concentration sensors at the four peripheral positions.

[0033] When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center position is lower than the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at any of the peripheral positions, the drive motherboard calculates the difference between the readings of the flue gas concentration sensors at the four peripheral positions and the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center position, and takes the direction with the largest difference as the concentration gradient direction; the drive motherboard outputs drive signals to the joint drivers of the robotic arm 6, driving the robotic arm 6 to move, so that the axis of the absorption hole 72 at the center position turns to the concentration gradient direction.

[0034] When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors 73 are lower than the preset threshold, which is obtained through experimental calibration (i.e., by measuring the average flue gas concentration in the working environment when there is no welding operation and adding a safety margin to this value), the main board stops outputting drive signals, and the robotic arm 6 remains stationary in its current position.

[0035] By setting a central absorption hole 72 and multiple peripheral absorption holes 72 evenly distributed around the circumference on the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell 71, and fixing a flue gas concentration sensor 73 inside each absorption hole 72, the absorption assembly 7 has the ability to spatially sense the concentration of the surrounding flue gas. The robotic arm 6 calculates the concentration gradient direction based on the concentration data detected by each flue gas concentration sensor 73, and drives the axis of the central absorption hole 72 to turn towards the area of ​​highest concentration, so that the absorption assembly 7 is always aligned with the flue gas source. This achieves active tracking and precise orientation of the flue gas source by the absorption assembly 7, reducing the emission of flue gas into the working environment. When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors 73 are below the preset threshold, the robotic arm 6 remains stationary, avoiding unnecessary mechanical movement in non-welding conditions and extending the service life of the internal drive components of the robotic arm 6. Since the welding points of the battery tabs are dense and varied in position (such as multiple series tabs in a module), the active flue gas tracking function of this desoldering station can automatically follow the operator's welding actions and continuously align with the smoke-generating point without the need for manual adjustment of the absorption port position, improving the continuity and efficiency of the welding operation.

[0036] Another embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the robotic arm 6 includes a rotating assembly 61, a hinge bracket 62, a first drive assembly 63, a first connecting arm 64, a second drive assembly 65, and a second connecting arm 66. The rotating assembly 61 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 81 of the purification assembly 8. The rotating end of the rotating assembly 61 is fixedly connected to the hinge bracket 62. The first drive assembly 63 is fixedly connected to the hinge bracket 62. The rotating end of the first drive assembly 63 is fixedly connected to the first connecting arm 64. The other end of the first connecting arm 64 is fixedly connected to the second drive assembly 65. The rotating end of the second drive assembly 65 is fixedly connected to the second connecting arm 66. The end of the second connecting arm 66 is fixedly connected to the spherical outer shell 71.

[0037] In practical implementation, the rotating component 61 is a stepper motor, and its housing is fixedly connected to the top of the housing 81 of the purification component 8 by screws. The rotating shaft of the rotating component 61 is fixedly connected to the hinge bracket 62 by a flat key. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the hinge bracket 62 to rotate horizontally around the vertical axis. The hinge bracket 62 has an L-shaped plate structure, and the drive component 63 is fixedly connected to its horizontal plate surface by screws. The drive component 63 is a hollow output shaft servo motor. The output shaft of the drive component 63 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting arm 64 by a flange, and the flange and the connecting arm 64 are fastened by bolts. The connecting arm 64 is an aluminum alloy square tube with a through channel inside. The other end face is fixedly connected to the housing of the drive component 65 by screws. The drive component 65 is a hollow output shaft servo motor of the same model as the drive component 63. The output shaft of the drive component 65 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting arm 66 by a flange. Connecting arm 66 is also made of aluminum alloy square tubing, with a through channel inside and external threads machined on the other end face. It is fixedly connected to the internal threaded hole at the bottom of the spherical outer shell 71 via a threaded connection. At each rotating joint, because the drive assembly uses a hollow output shaft, the airflow can remain continuous at each joint without the need for external hoses.

[0038] During operation, the rotation axis of the rotating component 61 rotates, causing the hinge bracket 62, drive component 63, connecting arm 64, drive component 65, connecting arm 66, and spherical shell 71 to rotate horizontally around the vertical axis, achieving 360-degree horizontal orientation. The output shaft of drive component 63 oscillates, causing connecting arm 64 to pitch around the output shaft axis of drive component 63. The output shaft of drive component 65 oscillates, causing connecting arm 66 to yaw around the output shaft axis of drive component 65. The combined motion of these three degrees of freedom allows the spatial orientation of the spherical shell 71 to cover any direction within the upper hemisphere centered on the fixed end of the robotic arm 6.

[0039] The three-degree-of-freedom series structure consisting of rotating component 61, drive component one 63, and drive component two 65 allows the spherical shell 71 to point the axis of the absorption hole 72 at its center to any spatial direction without moving the purification component 8 or the desoldering station body 1. Each drive component uses a small servo motor, and the overall size of the robotic arm 6 is compact, so that it does not obstruct the operator's welding view or hand movement space when placed next to the desoldering station body 1.

[0040] Another embodiment, such as Figure 4As shown, the purification component 8 includes a housing 81, a first connecting pipe 82, and a second connecting pipe 83. One end of the first connecting pipe 82 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the housing 81, and the other end is connected to the flue gas outlet of the absorption component 7 or the robotic arm 6. One end of the second connecting pipe 83 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the housing 81, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the hot air gun 4. A bottom cover 84 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the housing 81, and a filter component 85 is provided inside the housing 81.

[0041] In practice, the outer casing 81 is a cylindrical shell, injection molded from flame-retardant ABS material. An air inlet is located on the lower part of the side wall of the outer casing 81, and an air outlet is located on the upper part. Connecting pipe 82 is a silicone flexible tube; one end is connected to the air inlet of the outer casing 81 via a pagoda connector, and the other end is connected to the end of the flue gas outlet channel inside the robotic arm 6 via a pagoda connector. Both connections between the silicone flexible tube and the pagoda connector are secured with hose clamps to prevent airflow leakage. Connecting pipe 83 is also a silicone flexible tube; one end is connected to the air outlet of the outer casing 81 via a pagoda connector, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 via a pagoda connector. The connection is also secured with hose clamps. The bottom inner wall of the outer casing 81 is machined with internal threads, and the outer edge of the bottom cover 84 is machined with external threads that match it. The bottom cover 84 and the outer casing 81 are connected by threads to achieve detachable fixation. After the bottom cover 84 is tightened, its top surface presses against the internal filter assembly 85 to prevent the filter assembly 85 from moving axially inside the outer casing 81.

[0042] During operation, the airflow carrying the flue gas enters the air inlet of the outer casing 81 through the connecting pipe 82. Under the negative pressure of the hot air gun 4, the airflow passes radially inward through the annular space between the inner wall of the outer casing 81 and the outer side of the filter assembly 85, passing through each layer of the filter structure of the filter assembly 85. Particulate matter and harmful gases in the flue gas are intercepted and adsorbed step by step. The purified clean airflow gathers in the central cavity area of ​​the filter assembly 85, is drawn into the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 through the connecting pipe 83, and is finally blown out by the hot air gun 4.

[0043] When filter assembly 85 needs to be replaced, the operator loosens the bottom cover 84, removes filter assembly 85 from the housing 81, replaces the filter assembly 85, and then tightens the bottom cover 84 again. Both connecting pipe 1 82 and connecting pipe 2 83 are silicone flexible hoses, which are flexible and easy to adjust the angle during installation.

[0044] This embodiment solves the problem of flue gas absorption and hot air gun air circulation. Flue gas drawn into the absorption assembly 7 is introduced into the purification assembly 8 via connecting pipe 82. After purification by the filter assembly 85, it is sent to the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 via connecting pipe 83, forming a closed-loop airflow circuit. This structure avoids untreated welding fumes being directly discharged into the work area, preventing operators from inhaling harmful particles. Simultaneously, the negative pressure generated by the hot air gun 4's fan drives the airflow circulation, eliminating the need for an additional independent fan. The bottom cover 84 is threadedly connected to the outer casing 81, facilitating the removal and replacement of the internal filter assembly 85. In electric vehicle lithium battery electrode welding sites (such as battery pack repair workshops), space constraints and poor ventilation are common problems. This closed-loop circulation purification system of the welding desoldering station achieves efficient flue gas purification and circulation without external exhaust ducts, greatly improving the convenience and safety of on-site operations.

[0045] In another embodiment, the filter assembly 85 includes a flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh 851, a primary metal pre-filter 852, an activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, an electrostatic melt-blown intermediate layer 854, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855, arranged concentrically from the outside to the inside of the housing 81. The flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh 851, primary metal pre-filter 852, activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, electrostatic melt-blown intermediate layer 854, and HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 are all annular and nested to form a concentric circular structure. The air inlet end of the connecting pipe 83 is connected to the central region of the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855.

[0046] In practical implementation, the five-layer filtration structure is cylindrical and coaxially nested sequentially. The outer surface of the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851 is in contact with the inner wall of the outer shell 81, forming the outermost layer. The primary metal pre-filter 852 is nested inside the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851, with its outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851. The activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853 is nested inside the primary metal pre-filter 852, with its outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the primary metal pre-filter 852. The electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer 854 is nested inside the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, with its outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853. The HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 is nested inside the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer 854, with its outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer 854, forming the innermost layer. The air inlet end of connecting pipe 2 83 is connected to the central cylindrical cavity of HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855.

[0047] During operation, the airflow carrying flue gas enters through the annular gap between the inner wall of the outer casing 81 and the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851, and passes radially from the outside to the inside through the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851, the primary metal pre-filter 852, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer 854, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855. The flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851 intercepts large particles of welding slag and spatter in the flue gas and eliminates static electricity buildup in the airflow, preventing subsequent filter layers from becoming partially blocked due to electrostatic adsorption. The primary metal pre-filter 852 further captures medium-sized particles in the flue gas, reducing the load on subsequent filter layers. The activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853 adsorbs rosin volatiles and other harmful organic gases in the flue gas. The electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer 854 captures fine particles using electrostatic adsorption. The HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 provides the final interception of remaining ultrafine particles. After five stages of filtration, the clean airflow converges into the central cavity of the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 and is drawn into the connecting pipe 2 83.

[0048] The five-layer filtration structure is arranged in concentric nested cylinders. For the same outer shell diameter, the filtration area is larger compared to flat-plate filter stacking, reducing airflow resistance. The five-stage filtration system progressively purifies pollutants of different particle sizes and properties, covering the full spectrum of pollutants in welding fumes, from large welding slag particles to ultrafine particles and harmful organic gases, resulting in high purification efficiency. Specifically, this five-stage filtration system effectively removes harmful components from the complex fumes containing fluorides, rosin, and metal oxides that may be generated during lithium battery electrode welding, ensuring that the discharged clean air does not cause secondary pollution to the battery electrodes and guaranteeing welding quality.

[0049] Another embodiment further includes multiple magnetic connectors 86, each in the form of a hollow cylinder, which are respectively fixedly connected to the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh 851, the primary metal pre-filter 852, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, the electrostatic melt-blown medium-efficiency layer 854, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855. Magnets are provided at the connection between the connecting tube 83 and the outer shell 81, as well as at both ends of each magnetic connector 86. An elastic sealing ring is also provided on the mating surface of each magnetic connector 86 to prevent air leakage under negative pressure.

[0050] In practical implementation, a hollow cylindrical magnetic connector 86 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of each of the five filter layers. The magnetic connector 86 is made of nylon tubing, with a ring-shaped neodymium magnet glued to one end and another ring-shaped neodymium magnet glued to the other end, with the magnetic poles of the two magnets facing opposite directions. A ring-shaped neodymium magnet is also provided at the connection point between the connecting tube 83 and the air outlet of the outer casing 81. Each magnetic connector 86 has an annular groove on its mating surface, with an O-ring elastic sealing ring embedded within the groove.

[0051] The magnetic connectors 86 on each filter layer are arranged as follows: One end of the magnetic connector 86 on the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh 851 is magnetically connected to the magnet at the connection between the connecting tube 2 83 and the outer shell 81; the other end of the magnetic connector 86 is magnetically connected to one end of the magnetic connector 86 on the primary metal pre-filter 852. The other end of the magnetic connector 86 on the primary metal pre-filter 852 is magnetically connected to one end of the magnetic connector 86 on the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853. The other end of the magnetic connector 86 on the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853 is magnetically connected to one end of the magnetic connector 86 on the electrostatic meltblown intermediate layer 854. The other end of the magnetic connector 86 on the electrostatic meltblown intermediate layer 854 is magnetically connected to one end of the magnetic connector 86 on the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855. The hollow cavities of each magnetic connector 86 are interconnected, forming an airflow channel from the central cavity of the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 to the connecting tube 2 83. During magnetic docking, the elastic sealing ring is compressed to achieve an airtight connection.

[0052] During operation, the purified clean airflow enters the hollow cavity of the magnetic connector 86 from the central cavity of the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855, passes through the hollow cavities of each magnetic connector 86 in sequence, and is finally drawn into the air inlet of the hot air gun 4 through the connecting pipe 83. The magnetic attraction between each magnetic connector 86 pulls and fixes the adjacent filter layers axially, while the radial positioning between the filter layers is achieved by the cylindrical shape of the filter layer itself fitting against the inner and outer surfaces of the adjacent filter layers.

[0053] When it is necessary to replace a filter layer in the filter assembly 85, the operator can apply a pulling force along the axial direction to separate the corresponding magnetic connector 86 from the adjacent magnetic connector 86. After taking out the filter layer to be replaced, the new filter layer is pushed in along the axial direction. The magnetic connector 86 automatically adheres to the position under the action of magnetic force, and the elastic sealing ring automatically seals without the need for tools.

[0054] By incorporating hollow cylindrical magnetic connectors 86 on each filter layer, axial fixation between the filter layers and connectivity of the airflow channels are achieved through magnetic adsorption. Simultaneously, an elastic sealing ring at the mating surface ensures airtightness. Compared to snap-fit ​​or screw-based fixing methods, the magnetic connection structure simplifies the connection and separation of the filter layers, requiring no tools. The hollow inner cavity of each magnetic connector 86 forms an airflow channel, ensuring that purified airflow can be smoothly transmitted from the central cavity of the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 to the connecting tube 83.

[0055] Another embodiment further includes a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket. The first sealing gasket is disposed between one end face of the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851, the primary metal pre-filter 852, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, the electrostatic meltblown intermediate layer 854, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 near the inner wall of the outer casing 81 and the outer casing 81, for sealing the connection between this end face and the outer casing 81. The second sealing gasket is disposed between the other end face of the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851, the primary metal pre-filter 852, the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853, the electrostatic meltblown intermediate layer 854, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 near the bottom cover 84 and the bottom cover 84, for sealing the connection between this other end face and the bottom cover 84.

[0056] In practical implementation, both the first and second sealing gaskets are annular, made of silicone material, and possess elasticity and temperature resistance. The first sealing gasket is positioned between the upper surface of each filter layer and the top surface of the inner wall of the outer casing 81. Its inner diameter is equivalent to the outer diameter of the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855, and its outer diameter is equivalent to the outer diameter of the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh 851, covering the annular area of ​​the upper surface of the entire five-layer filter structure. The second sealing gasket is positioned between the lower surface of each filter layer and the top surface of the bottom cover 84, and its dimensions are the same as the first sealing gasket.

[0057] When the bottom cover 84 is tightened onto the outer casing 81, the top surface of the bottom cover 84 presses against the lower end face of each filter layer through the second sealing gasket, and the top surface of the inner wall of the outer casing 81 presses against the upper end face of each filter layer through the first sealing gasket. Under the action of the clamping force, the first and second sealing gaskets undergo elastic deformation, respectively filling the gaps between the end face of each filter layer and the top surface of the inner wall of the outer casing 81, and between the end face of each filter layer and the top surface of the bottom cover 84.

[0058] By setting a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket on the upper and lower end faces of each filter layer respectively, the path of airflow directly bypassing the gap between the filter layer end face and the inner wall of the outer shell 81 and between the filter layer end face and the bottom cover 84 is blocked. This forces the flue gas to pass through all five filter layers radially before entering the central cavity area, ensuring that each filter layer can fully perform its filtering function and avoiding a decrease in overall purification efficiency due to airflow short circuit.

[0059] In another embodiment, the flue gas concentration sensor 73 is a MEMS metal oxide semiconductor sensor, and the robotic arm 6 is configured to: read the values ​​of each flue gas concentration sensor 73 at a preset sampling period; when the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 inside the absorption hole 72 at the center position is lower than the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 inside the absorption hole 72 at any peripheral position, calculate the concentration gradient direction, and drive the robotic arm 6 to move so that the absorption hole 72 at the center position faces the concentration gradient direction; when the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors 73 are lower than a preset threshold, the robotic arm 6 remains stationary in its current position.

[0060] In practical implementation, the flue gas concentration sensor 73 is a MEMS metal-oxide-semiconductor sensor, electrically connected to the drive motherboard inside the robotic arm 6 via an I2C bus. The drive motherboard reads the concentration values ​​of the five flue gas concentration sensors 73 at a fixed sampling period. The drive motherboard stores a mathematical model for calculating the concentration gradient, and the execution process of this mathematical model is as follows: First, it reads the value C0 of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 inside the absorption hole 72 at the center position and the reading values ​​C1, C2, C3, and C4 of the sensors inside the absorption holes 72 at the four peripheral positions; then, it calculates four differences D1=C1-C0, D2=C2-C0, D3=C3-C0, and D4=C4-C0 respectively; if all differences are less than or equal to zero, that is, the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center position is not lower than the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at any of the peripheral positions, then the robotic arm 6 remains stationary; if there is a difference greater than zero, then the direction corresponding to the largest difference is taken as the direction of the concentration gradient.

[0061] After determining the direction of the concentration gradient, the drive motherboard outputs a pulse width modulation signal to the rotating component 61, drive component one 63, and drive component two 65, driving each joint of the robotic arm 6 to rotate at a fixed step angle, gradually aligning the axis of the absorption hole 72 at the center position towards the concentration gradient direction. After each step adjustment, the drive motherboard resamples and reads the values ​​of each flue gas concentration sensor 73, determining whether the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center position is still lower than the readings of the flue gas concentration sensors at the surrounding positions. If it is still lower, the step adjustment continues until the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor at the center position is not lower than the readings of all the flue gas concentration sensors at the surrounding positions or the robotic arm 6 reaches the joint limit.

[0062] When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors 73 are lower than the preset threshold, which is obtained through experimental calibration, i.e. by measuring the average flue gas concentration in the working environment when there is no welding operation and adding a safety margin on this basis, the drive motherboard stops outputting drive signals, the rotating component 61, drive component one 63 and drive component two 65 are all de-energized and maintained, and the robotic arm 6 remains stationary in its current position.

[0063] A concentration gradient field is constructed using five spatially distributed MEMS metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors. The main board determines the direction of the concentration gradient by comparing the differences in readings from each flue gas concentration sensor 73, and then drives the robotic arm 6 to align the axis of the central absorption hole 72 in that direction, thus achieving active tracking of the flue gas source based on the spatial concentration gradient. When all flue gas concentration sensor 73 readings are below a preset threshold, the robotic arm 6 remains stationary, avoiding unnecessary operation of the driven components in unwelded conditions.

[0064] In another embodiment, the flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh 851 is made of 304 stainless steel wire mesh; the primary metal pre-filter mesh 852 is made of 304 stainless steel wire woven mesh; the activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853 is made of honeycomb coconut shell activated carbon; the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer 854 is made of polypropylene electret meltblown nonwoven fabric; and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 is a cylindrical filter element made of ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper.

[0065] In practical implementation, the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh 851 uses 304 stainless steel wire mesh. 304 stainless steel has good temperature resistance, capable of withstanding the high-temperature backflow gas from the four outlets of the hot air gun without deformation or oxidation. Simultaneously, the metal material can dissipate static charge in the airflow, preventing static electricity buildup and potential safety hazards. The primary metal pre-filter 852 uses woven 304 stainless steel wire mesh. The mesh size is carefully selected to effectively intercept medium-sized particles while maintaining low airflow resistance. The activated carbon composite adsorption layer 853 uses honeycomb coconut shell activated carbon. Coconut shell activated carbon is made from coconut shells through carbonization and activation processes. The honeycomb structure increases the contact area between the activated carbon and the airflow, providing a high adsorption capacity for volatile organic compounds generated by rosin-based flux after heating. The electrostatic meltblown intermediate layer 854 uses polypropylene electret meltblown nonwoven fabric. This material undergoes electret treatment during production, acquiring a permanent static charge that allows it to capture fine particulate matter through electrostatic adsorption, achieving high filtration efficiency while maintaining low initial airflow resistance. The HEPA high-efficiency filter layer 855 uses a cylindrical filter element made of ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper. The fiber diameter of the ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper is on the submicron level, and the resulting dense filter layer can intercept and capture ultrafine particles through inertial impaction. Each filter layer is cut to the inner diameter of the cylindrical outer shell 81 and wound into a cylindrical shape, then nested inside the outer shell 81 in sequence.

[0066] In another embodiment, the magnetic surfaces of the magnetic connectors 86 are provided with limiting structures. Specifically, the limiting structures include limiting protrusions and limiting grooves. A limiting protrusion, cylindrical in shape, is fixedly connected to one end face of the magnetic connector 86 and is fixed to this end face by adhesive bonding or integral injection molding. A limiting groove, a cylindrical groove that mates with the limiting protrusion, is formed by machining or injection molding on the other end face of the magnetic connector 86. When two adjacent magnetic connectors 86 are attracted to each other under magnetic force, the limiting protrusion of one magnetic connector 86 embeds into the limiting groove of the other magnetic connector 86, achieving radial positioning and preventing radial displacement of the two magnetic connectors 86 after attraction. Simultaneously, the cooperation between the limiting protrusion and the limiting groove restricts the circumferential relative rotation between the two magnetic connectors 86, preventing circumferential misalignment of the filter layers under airflow impact. By setting limiting protrusions and limiting grooves on the magnetic surface of the magnetic connector 86, the magnetic connector 86 is positioned radially and circumferentially during adsorption, ensuring that the hollow channels between each filter layer are strictly aligned, avoiding the reduction of the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow channel or the generation of turbulence due to misalignment, and ensuring that the airflow channel of the filter assembly 85 is unobstructed.

[0067] In another embodiment, the main body 1 of the desoldering station is equipped with a main controller, which is electrically connected to the heating control circuit of the soldering iron 2, the fan speed control circuit of the hot air gun 4, the heating control circuit of the hot air gun 4, and each of the fume concentration sensors 73; the main controller is configured to perform the following intelligent linkage control based on dynamic concentration judgment: When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors 73 are lower than the first concentration threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles, the main controller determines that it is in standby mode and reduces the fan speed of the hot air gun 4 to 30% to 50% of the standby speed; when the reading of any flue gas concentration sensor 73 exceeds the first concentration threshold, the main controller determines that welding has started and restores the fan speed to the value before reduction within 0.5 seconds. When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 inside the absorption hole 72 at the center exceeds the second concentration threshold, and the rate of change of this reading is positive, and the readings of all surrounding flue gas concentration sensors 73 are lower than the reading at the center, the main controller determines that the soldering iron 2 is soldering, and adjusts the fan speed linearly according to the rate of change of the reading at the center until the reading at the center drops below the second concentration threshold. When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 at the center exceeds the third concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of at least two peripheral flue gas concentration sensors 73 and the reading at the center exceeds the gradient threshold, and the fluctuation amplitude of the reading at the center is less than the preset fluctuation threshold, the main controller determines that the hot air gun 4 is heating and welding. The fan speed is linearly increased according to the ratio of the difference between the reading at the center and the third concentration threshold, while the heating power of the hot air gun 4 is reduced by 10% to 20% until the reading at the center drops below the third concentration threshold. After that, the fan speed and heating power are restored to normal values. When the heating element temperature of soldering iron 2 exceeds the set upper temperature limit, and the reading of the smoke concentration sensor 73 at the center position exceeds the fourth concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of any two peripheral smoke concentration sensors 73 exceeds the gradient threshold, and the rate of change of the reading at the center position is greater than zero and continues for more than a preset time, the main controller determines that the soldering quality is abnormal, automatically reduces the heating power of soldering iron 2 by 20% to 30% and maintains it for a preset time until the reading at the center position drops below the fourth concentration threshold; if the reading at the center position continues to rise after the power is reduced, it is determined to be a soldering fault and an alarm is issued. Among them, the first concentration threshold < the second concentration threshold < the third concentration threshold < the fourth concentration threshold.

[0068] In practical implementation, the main body 1 of the desoldering station is equipped with a main controller, model STM32F407, which is electrically connected to the heating control circuit of the soldering iron 2, the fan speed control circuit of the hot air gun 4, and each of the fume concentration sensors 73 via wires. The main controller has four preset concentration thresholds, numbered from smallest to largest: first, second, third, and fourth concentration thresholds. Each threshold was calibrated through multiple soldering experiments. The main controller reads the values ​​of all fume concentration sensors 73 at a fixed sampling period and executes the following linkage control logic.

[0069] Standby and wake-up scenarios: When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors 73 are below the first concentration threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles, the main controller determines that there is no welding operation and enters standby mode. It then reduces the fan speed of the hot air gun 4 to 30% to 50% of the standby speed via the fan speed control circuit to reduce power consumption and noise during standby. When the reading of any flue gas concentration sensor 73 exceeds the first concentration threshold, the main controller determines that a welding operation has started and restores the fan speed to its previous value within 0.5 seconds via the fan speed control circuit, ensuring that welding fumes are absorbed promptly after generation.

[0070] Soldering iron speed control scenario: When the reading of the fume concentration sensor 73 inside the absorption hole 72 at the center exceeds the second concentration threshold, and the rate of change of this reading is positive, while the readings of the fume concentration sensors 73 inside all the absorption holes 72 at the periphery are lower than the reading at the center, the main controller determines that the soldering iron 2 is performing a soldering operation. At this time, the main controller linearly adjusts the fan speed through the fan speed control circuit according to the rate of change of the reading at the center. The greater the rate of change, the faster the fan speed increases, until the reading at the center drops below the second concentration threshold, at which point the fan speed drops back down. This adjustment method achieves real-time matching between the fan speed and the fume generation rate, avoiding the fan from running at high speed for a long time.

[0071] Hot air gun welding dual-parameter adjustment scenario: When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor 73 at the center position exceeds the third concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of at least two peripheral flue gas concentration sensors 73 and the reading at the center position exceeds the gradient threshold, while the fluctuation amplitude of the reading at the center position is less than the preset fluctuation threshold, the main controller determines that the hot air gun 4 is performing a heating welding operation. At this time, the main controller linearly increases the fan speed through the fan speed regulation circuit according to the ratio of the difference between the center position reading and the third concentration threshold, while simultaneously reducing the heating power of the hot air gun 4 by 20% to 30% through the heating control circuit. The increased fan speed enhances the smoke extraction capacity, and the reduced heating power reduces the thermal disturbance of the high-temperature airflow at the outlet of the hot air gun 4 on the working area, thereby improving the smoke absorption effect. When the center position reading drops below the third concentration threshold, the main controller restores the fan speed and heating power to normal values.

[0072] Welding quality anomaly protection scenario: When the heating core temperature of soldering iron 2 exceeds the set upper temperature limit, and the reading of the fume concentration sensor 73 at the center position exceeds the fourth concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of any two peripheral fume concentration sensors 73 exceeds the gradient threshold, and the rate of change of the reading at the center position is greater than zero and continues for more than a preset time, the main controller determines that the welding quality is abnormal. At this time, the main controller automatically reduces the heating power of soldering iron 2 by 20% to 30% through the heating control circuit and maintains it for a preset time until the reading at the center position drops below the fourth concentration threshold. If the reading at the center position continues to rise after reducing the heating power, the main controller determines that the welding is faulty and issues an audible and visual alarm signal through the buzzer and indicator light on the main body of the desoldering station 1 to remind the operator to check the welding status.

[0073] The above four concentration thresholds satisfy the following relationship: the first concentration threshold is less than the second concentration threshold, the second concentration threshold is less than the third concentration threshold, and the third concentration threshold is less than the fourth concentration threshold. The difference interval between each threshold is obtained through multiple welding tests to ensure that there is no cross-judgment between the judgments of each working condition.

[0074] This embodiment solves the problem that traditional desoldering stations cannot automatically identify the working mode and perform linkage control according to flue gas concentration. Through stepwise discrimination of four levels of concentration thresholds, the main controller can automatically identify four working conditions: standby, electric soldering iron welding, hot air gun welding, and abnormal welding quality, and execute corresponding fan speed adjustment and heating power adjustment strategies respectively, without requiring the operator to manually switch the working mode. In the standby state, the fan speed is reduced to save energy and reduce noise; in the welding state, the fan speed is increased to enhance smoke exhaust capacity; in the abnormal state, the heating power is reduced and an alarm is issued to protect operation safety, so as to control the flue gas concentration in the working area within a safe range.

[0075] For the electrode welding of lithium batteries for electric vehicles, since the welding quality is directly related to the safety of the battery (such as increased internal resistance, heating and even thermal runaway caused by cold solder joints), the welding quality abnormality detection function of this desoldering station can monitor abnormal changes in flue gas concentration in real time during the welding process, timely detect bad working conditions such as cold solder joints and overheating and give an alarm, helping the operator to correct the welding parameters at the first time, thereby effectively improving the welding reliability and consistency of the lithium battery module.

Claims

1. A precision soldering desoldering station, comprising a desoldering station body (1), a soldering iron (2), a soldering iron stand (3), a hot air gun (4), and a hot air gun stand (5), wherein the hot air gun stand (5) is fixed on the desoldering station body (1) for placing the hot air gun (4), and the soldering iron stand (3) is placed next to the desoldering station body (1) for placing the soldering iron (2), wherein the soldering iron (2) and the hot air gun (4) are electrically connected to the desoldering station body (1) via a power cord, characterized in that: The air inlet of the hot air gun (4) is connected to a flue gas absorption assembly, which includes a robotic arm (6), an absorption assembly (7), and a purification assembly (8). The robotic arm (6) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (81) of the purification component (8), and the absorption component (7) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the robotic arm (6); The airflow drawn in by the absorption component (7) passes through the channel inside the robotic arm (6) and enters the purification component (8) for filtration and purification. The filtered and purified airflow enters the air inlet of the hot air gun (4) and is blown out by the hot air gun (4). The absorption assembly (7) includes a spherical shell (71), on the outer hemisphere of the spherical shell (71) there is an absorption hole (72) at the center and at least one layer of absorption holes (72) distributed around the absorption hole at the center; each layer of absorption holes (72) at the peripheral position contains at least four absorption holes (72) and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; a flue gas concentration sensor (73) is fixedly connected to the inner side of each absorption hole (72). The robotic arm (6) is configured to move according to the flue gas concentration detected by each flue gas concentration sensor (73) so that the orientation of the absorption hole (72) at the center is aligned with the area with the highest flue gas concentration.

2. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The robotic arm (6) includes a rotating assembly (61), a hinge bracket (62), a drive assembly one (63), a connecting arm one (64), a drive assembly two (65), and a connecting arm two (66). The rotating component (61) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (81) of the purification component (8). The rotating end of the rotating component (61) is fixedly connected to the hinge bracket (62). The hinge bracket (62) is fixedly connected to the drive component one (63). The rotating end of the drive component one (63) is fixedly connected to the connecting arm one (64). The other end of the connecting arm one (64) is fixedly connected to the drive component two (65). The rotating end of the drive component two (65) is fixedly connected to the connecting arm two (66). The end of the connecting arm two (66) is fixedly connected to the spherical outer shell (71).

3. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification component (8) includes a housing (81), a first connecting pipe (82), and a second connecting pipe (83); One end of the connecting pipe (82) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the housing (81), and the other end is connected to the flue gas outlet of the absorption assembly (7) or the robotic arm (6); One end of the second connecting pipe (83) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer shell (81), and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the hot air gun (4); The bottom of the housing (81) is threadedly connected to a bottom cover (84), and a filter assembly (85) is provided inside the housing (81).

4. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter assembly (85) includes a flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh (851), a primary metal pre-filter (852), an activated carbon composite adsorption layer (853), an electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer (854), and a HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855) arranged concentrically from the outside to the inside of the housing (81). The flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh (851), the primary metal pre-filter (852), the activated carbon composite adsorption layer (853), the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer (854), and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855) are all ring-shaped and nested in sequence to form a concentric circle structure. The air inlet end of the second connecting pipe (83) is connected to the central area of ​​the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855).

5. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes multiple magnetic connectors (86), each of which is a hollow cylindrical shape and is fixedly connected to the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh (851), the primary metal pre-filter (852), the activated carbon composite adsorption layer (853), the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer (854), and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855), respectively. Magnets are provided at the connection between the connecting tube 2 (83) and the outer shell (81) and at both ends of each magnetic connector (86).

6. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a first sealing gasket and a second sealing gasket; The first sealing gasket is disposed between the end face of the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh (851), the primary metal pre-filter (852), the activated carbon composite adsorption layer (853), the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer (854) and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855) near the inner wall of the outer shell (81) and the outer shell (81), for sealing the connection between the end face and the outer shell (81); The second sealing gasket is disposed between the other end face of the flame-retardant and anti-static metal mesh (851), the primary metal pre-filter (852), the activated carbon composite adsorption layer (853), the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer (854) and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855) near the bottom cover (84) and the bottom cover (84), for sealing the connection between the other end face and the bottom cover (84).

7. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas concentration sensor (73) is a MEMS metal oxide semiconductor sensor. The robotic arm (6) is configured to: read the values ​​of each flue gas concentration sensor (73) at a preset sampling period; when the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor (73) inside the absorption hole (72) at the center position is lower than the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor (73) inside the absorption hole (72) at any peripheral position, calculate the concentration gradient direction and drive the robotic arm (6) to move so that the absorption hole (72) at the center position faces the concentration gradient direction; when the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors (73) are lower than the preset threshold, the robotic arm (6) remains stationary at its current position.

8. The two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flame-retardant and antistatic metal mesh (851) is made of 304 stainless steel wire mesh; the primary metal pre-filter mesh (852) is made of 304 stainless steel wire woven mesh; the activated carbon composite adsorption layer (853) is made of honeycomb coconut shell activated carbon; the electrostatic meltblown medium-efficiency layer (854) is made of polypropylene electret meltblown nonwoven fabric; and the HEPA high-efficiency filter layer (855) is a cylindrical filter element made of ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper.

9. A two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetic surfaces of the magnetic connectors (86) are all provided with limiting structures.

10. A two-in-one desoldering station for precision soldering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body (1) of the desoldering station is equipped with a main controller, which is connected to the heating control circuit of the soldering iron (2), the fan speed control circuit of the hot air gun (4), the heating control circuit of the hot air gun (4), and the electrical signals of each flue gas concentration sensor (73); the main controller is configured to perform the following intelligent linkage control based on dynamic concentration judgment: When the readings of all flue gas concentration sensors (73) are lower than the first concentration threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles, the main controller determines that it is in standby mode and reduces the fan speed of the hot air gun (4) to 30% to 50% of the standby speed; when the reading of any flue gas concentration sensor (73) exceeds the first concentration threshold, the main controller determines that welding has started and restores the fan speed to the value before reduction within 0.5 seconds. When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor (73) inside the absorption hole (72) at the center exceeds the second concentration threshold, and the rate of change of the reading is positive, and the readings of all surrounding flue gas concentration sensors (73) are lower than the reading at the center, the main controller determines that the soldering iron (2) is soldering, and adjusts the fan speed linearly according to the rate of change of the reading at the center until the reading at the center drops below the second concentration threshold. When the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor (73) at the center exceeds the third concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of at least two peripheral flue gas concentration sensors (73) and the reading at the center exceeds the gradient threshold, and the fluctuation amplitude of the reading at the center is less than the preset fluctuation threshold, the main controller determines that the hot air gun (4) is heating and welding, and linearly increases the fan speed according to the ratio of the difference between the reading at the center and the third concentration threshold, while reducing the heating power of the hot air gun (4) by 10% to 20% until the reading at the center drops below the third concentration threshold, and then restores the fan speed and heating power to normal values; When the heating core temperature of the soldering iron (2) exceeds the set upper limit of temperature, and the reading of the flue gas concentration sensor (73) at the center position exceeds the fourth concentration threshold, and the difference between the readings of any two peripheral flue gas concentration sensors (73) exceeds the gradient threshold, and the rate of change of the reading at the center position is greater than zero and continues for more than a preset time, the main controller determines that the soldering quality is abnormal, automatically reduces the heating power of the soldering iron (2) by 20% to 30% and maintains it for a preset time until the reading at the center position drops below the fourth concentration threshold; if the reading at the center position continues to rise after the power is reduced, it is determined to be a soldering fault and an alarm is issued. Among them, the first concentration threshold < the second concentration threshold < the third concentration threshold < the fourth concentration threshold.

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