A steel structure field welding device and a welding process thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of welding, in particular to a kind of steel structure's field welding equipment and welding process thereof, wherein the welding equipment includes welding gun, support cylinder and multiple groups of first clamping assembly;Support cylinder is arranged at the end of welding gun, and multiple groups of first clamping assembly are installed in support cylinder and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of support cylinder, and first clamping assembly includes first clamping plate, movable plate and control structure.The state of movable plate and first clamping plate is controlled by control structure in the present application, in the process of clamping stud, first clamping plate and movable plate are first in locked state and then move synchronously, after stud is inserted into set position, movable plate and first clamping plate are unlocked and movable plate is fixed, so that the elastic force of first clamping spring always remains constant, when clamping studs of different sizes, first clamping plate can maintain the same clamping force, avoid the problem that stud is easy to fall off because of small clamping force, and it is difficult to pull out due to large clamping force, affect the operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding, and more specifically to a field welding equipment for steel structures and its welding process. Background Technology

[0002] Stud welding is a method of welding where one end of a stud or other fastener is brought into contact with the surface of the workpiece (plate or pipe, etc.), an arc is ignited by applying current, and after the contact surface melts, pressure is applied to the stud to complete the welding. Stud welding is widely used in steel structure installation and construction due to its convenient and efficient characteristics, including eliminating the need for drilling, punching, threading, riveting, tightening, and finishing; short welding time; minimal post-weld deformation; almost no marks on the back side, thus requiring no finishing; high joint strength (i.e., the joint strength of the stud weld is greater than the strength of the stud itself); all-position welding; and the ability to weld to restricted vertical partitions with the aid of an extender.

[0003] Existing stud welding machines typically use metal clamping tubes to hold bolts. These tubes have several circumferentially distributed slots at their ends, giving them a degree of elastic deformation. The stud, having its end spread open by the tube, passes through and is then clamped by it. However, in this method, different stud sizes spread the metal tube to varying degrees, resulting in different clamping forces. Larger diameter studs experience greater clamping forces, while smaller diameter studs experience less. But for small connectors like studs, the increase in diameter is often disproportionate to the increase in mass; that is, the increase in mass is not significant as the diameter increases. This leads to a mismatch between the clamping force and the stud's mass. Insufficient clamping force makes the stud prone to falling and requires manual support, while excessive clamping force makes removal difficult, impacting construction efficiency. Furthermore, existing stud welding often uses ceramic rings to assist in protecting the molten pool and forcing weld formation. However, it is difficult to keep the ceramic ring coaxial with the stud during installation. After the ceramic ring and stud are relatively offset, the restraint of the ceramic ring on the flash will cause the center to deviate, resulting in off-center welding or even undercut, which affects the weld formation. After welding, the ceramic ring is mainly knocked manually, but the knocking force is difficult to control. Excessive knocking force can easily cause ceramic ring fragments to fly off, which is not only difficult to clean but also easy to injure workers.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a field welding equipment and welding process for steel structures, so as to solve the problem that the clamping force of the studs is uncontrollable when the existing field welding equipment for steel structures is used for stud welding, which affects the welding efficiency.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to solve the problem of misaligned soldering caused by the installation of ceramic rings.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to solve the problem that the striking of ceramic rings relies on manual labor and the striking force is uncontrollable.

[0008] The present invention provides a field welding equipment for steel structures, which adopts the following technical solution: including: Welding gun; A support cylinder is located at the end of the welding gun and is open at the end furthest from the welding gun; Multiple sets of first clamping assemblies are installed on the support cylinder and evenly distributed along the circumference of the support cylinder; the first clamping assembly includes a first clamping plate, a movable plate and an adjustment structure; The first clamping plate is slidably disposed inside the support cylinder along the radial direction of the support cylinder. During installation, the stud to be welded is inserted into the center of the first clamping plate from the open end of the support cylinder. The movable plate is located between the support cylinder and the first clamping plate. The movable plate is slidably disposed on the first clamping plate along the radial direction of the support cylinder. A first return spring is disposed between the movable plate and the inner wall of the support cylinder. A first clamping spring is disposed between the movable plate and the first clamping plate. The elastic force of the first clamping spring is greater than the elastic force of the first return spring. The control structure acts on the first clamping plate and the movable plate. The control structure is configured to lock the first clamping plate and the movable plate and compress the first clamping spring to a preset degree before the stud is inserted or before it is inserted to a set depth. After the stud is inserted to the set depth, the movable plate is fixed and the first clamping plate and the movable plate are unlocked.

[0009] Optionally, the control structure includes a slider, a gear, a limit rod, a second return spring, and a rack; The slider is located on the top of the movable plate and can slide radially along the support cylinder; a locking block is provided inside the slider and can slide axially along the support cylinder. The bottom of the locking block has a connecting part and an unlocking part. The connecting part can slide axially along the support cylinder and be inserted into the top of the first clamping plate. The unlocking part is located on the outside of the first clamping plate and can abut against the bolt. A locking spring is provided between the slider and the locking block. The locking spring is configured so that the connecting part of the locking block is inserted into the first clamping plate in the initial state. Each slider is provided with a rack. The gear is coaxially mounted on the support cylinder, and a locking groove is provided on the inner circumferential wall of the gear; a limiting rod is mounted on the support cylinder and inserted into the gear, the limiting rod can move along the axial direction of the support cylinder and stop rotation in the circumferential direction, and a locking block is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the limiting rod, the locking block and the locking groove are compatible. The second return spring is located between the limiting rod and the support cylinder. The second return spring is configured so that the limiting rod is initially in the extreme position away from the welding gun. At this time, the locking groove and the locking block are misaligned, the gear and the rack are engaged, and the bottom of the limiting rod is lower than the bottom of the unlocking part of the locking block.

[0010] Optionally, the on-site welding equipment for the steel structure further includes a ceramic ring clamp and a second clamping assembly. The ceramic ring clamp is disposed on the welding gun and is coaxial with the support cylinder and is farther away from the welding gun than the support cylinder. The second clamping assembly includes a second clamping plate, a follower plate, and a second clamping spring. The second clamping plate is slidably disposed on the ceramic ring clamp along the radial direction of the ceramic ring clamp; The follower plate is located between the ceramic ring clamp and the second clamping plate. The follower plate is slidably disposed on the second clamping plate along the radial direction of the ceramic ring clamp. The follower plate is configured to move radially synchronously with the movable plate and slide relative to the movable plate along the axial direction of the support cylinder. When the follower plate moves away from the axis of the support cylinder, it can drive the second clamping plate to move synchronously. The second clamping spring is disposed between the follower plate and the second clamping plate.

[0011] Optionally, the on-site welding equipment for the steel structure further includes a hammering assembly, which includes a lifting frame, a third return spring, and a hammering rod. The lifting frame is slidably mounted on the second clamping plate along the axial direction of the support cylinder. The third return spring is located between the lifting frame and the second clamping plate. The third return spring is configured to initially position the lifting frame at its upper limit. A friction block is provided on the lifting frame. When the second clamping plate clamps the ceramic ring, the friction block and the ceramic ring come into frictional contact. A stop block is provided at the bottom of the support cylinder. The middle part of the striking rod is hinged to the top of the lifting frame, the top of the rod is located inside the stop block and can contact the stop block, and the end is aligned with the ceramic ring. A torsion spring is provided at the hinge of the striking rod and the lifting frame. The torsion spring makes the striking rod tend to keep horizontal with the axis of the support cylinder.

[0012] Optionally, the lifting frame is equipped with a pressing plate that can abut against the stepped surface formed on the outer periphery of the ceramic ring.

[0013] Optionally, the axial distance between the ceramic ring clamp and the welding gun can be adjusted, and the striking rod is a telescopic rod.

[0014] Optionally, a connecting slide pin is provided on the ceramic ring clamp. The connecting slide pin is slidably inserted into the welding gun along the axial direction of the support cylinder. A locking screw is provided at the connection between the connecting slide pin and the welding gun.

[0015] Optionally, the striking rod includes a first segment and a second segment, which are slidably connected and locked by a connector. The end of the second segment away from the first segment is provided with a ball head, and the top of the second segment is hinged to the lifting frame.

[0016] Optionally, the support cylinder can move axially relative to the welding gun. An arc-pull spring is provided between the support cylinder and the welding gun, which causes the support cylinder to tend to move away from the welding gun. The welding gun is equipped with a magnetic lifting mechanism and a trigger. The magnetic lifting mechanism is used to control the movement of the support cylinder, and the trigger is used to start welding.

[0017] The present invention also provides a field welding process for steel structures, which uses the above-mentioned field welding equipment for steel structures.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The on-site welding equipment for steel structures of this invention includes a first clamping assembly comprising a movable plate, a first clamping plate, and an adjustment structure. During the clamping of studs, the first clamping plate and the movable plate are initially locked. As the stud is gradually inserted into the center of the first clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the movable plate move radially outward synchronously. After the stud is inserted to a set position, the movable plate and the first clamping plate are unlocked, and the movable plate is fixed. The elastic force of the first clamping spring acts on the stud through the first clamping plate, thereby clamping the stud. Because the elastic force of the first clamping spring remains constant during the stud installation process, the first clamping plate can always maintain the same clamping force when clamping studs of different sizes. This avoids the stud easily falling off due to insufficient clamping force, requiring manual support, while excessive clamping force makes removal difficult, thus affecting operational efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a second clamping assembly and a ceramic ring clamp. The second clamping assembly and the first clamping assembly can always remain coaxial, preventing the ceramic ring from being misaligned with the stud after installation. At the same time, during the stud installation stage, the follower plate and the second clamping plate move outward synchronously with the movable plate to adapt to the diameter of the ceramic ring. During this process, the elastic force of the second clamping spring does not change. When the ceramic ring is inserted, the compression of the second clamping spring is relatively small, thereby ensuring that the clamping force of the second clamping plate on ceramic rings of different sizes remains basically consistent. This prevents the ceramic ring from falling off due to insufficient clamping force or the welding gun from being difficult to remove due to excessive clamping force.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a striking component that can automatically break the ceramic ring after welding without manual operation; at the same time, the striking component is linked with the first clamping component and the second clamping component, and is adapted to the diameter of the ceramic ring. The striking force of the striking rod can change with the size of the ceramic ring to maintain an appropriate striking force at all times. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a field welding equipment for steel structures according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of a field welding equipment for steel structures according to the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged section view along the AA direction; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point X; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view at point W; Figure 6 Disassembly of some components of a field welding equipment for steel structures according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 7 This is an assembly drawing of some components of a field welding equipment for a steel structure according to the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view at point Y; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting rod and gear in this invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view at point Z; Figure 11 Disassembly of some components of a field welding equipment for steel structures according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 12 Disassembly of some components of a field welding equipment for steel structures according to the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the gear in this invention; Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the support cylinder in this invention; Figure 15 for Figure 3 A diagram showing the state where the stud is not inserted from a given perspective.

[0023] In the picture: 100. Welding gun; 110. Stud; 120. Ceramic ring; 200. Ceramic ring clamp; 210. Locking screw; 220. Connecting slide column; 300. Support cylinder; 301. Arc spring; 302. Square slot; 303. Guide groove; 304. Mounting groove; 305. Limiting hole; 306. Stop block; 400, First clamping assembly; 410, Movable plate; 420, First clamping plate; 421, First guide slide; 430, First return spring; 440, First clamping spring; 450, Slider; 451, Locking block; 452, Locking spring; 453, Rack; 460, Gear; 461, Locking groove; 470, Limiting rod; 471, Locking block; 480, Second return spring; 500, Second clamping assembly; 510, Follower plate; 520, Second clamping plate; 521, Second guide slide; 522, Retaining ring; 530, Second clamping spring; 540, Fixing block; 600, Striking assembly; 610, Lifting frame; 611, Friction block; 612, Pressing plate; 620, Striking rod; 621, First rod segment; 622, Second rod segment; 630, Third return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 15 As shown in the figure, the on-site welding equipment for steel structures provided by the present invention can perform stud welding on the construction site of steel structures, thereby improving construction efficiency and reliability.

[0026] A steel structure on-site welding equipment specifically includes a welding gun 100, a support cylinder 300, and a first clamping assembly 400. The support cylinder 300 is disposed at the end of the welding gun 100, and the end of the support cylinder 300 away from the welding gun 100 is open. There are multiple sets of first clamping assemblies 400, which are installed on the support cylinder 300 and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder 300. Preferably, there are three sets of first clamping assemblies 400 in this invention. The first clamping assembly 400 includes a first clamping plate 420, a movable plate 410, and an adjustment structure. The first clamping plate 420 is slidably disposed within the support cylinder 300 along the radial direction of the support cylinder 300. During installation, the stud 110 to be welded is inserted into the center of the first clamping plate 420 from the open end of the support cylinder 300. The movable plate 410 is located between the support cylinder 300 and the first clamping plate 420. The movable plate 410 is slidably disposed on the first clamping plate 420 along the radial direction of the support cylinder 300. A first return spring 430 is disposed between the movable plate 410 and the inner wall of the support cylinder 300. A first clamping spring 440 is disposed between the movable plate 410 and the first clamping plate 420. The elastic force of the first clamping spring 440 is greater than the elastic force of the first return spring 430. The control structure acts on the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410. The control structure is configured such that before the stud 110 is inserted or before it is inserted to a set depth, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 are locked and the first clamping spring 440 is compressed to a preset degree; after the stud 110 is inserted to the set depth, the movable plate 410 is fixed and the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 are unlocked, thereby allowing the elastic force of the first clamping spring 440 to act on the stud 110 through the first clamping plate 420 to clamp the stud 110.

[0027] Understandably, existing stud welding machines typically use a metal tube with several slots (cuts) at the bottom to clamp the studs. During installation, the stud is inserted into the metal tube through the end that has been opened, and then clamped by the tube. In this configuration, different sizes of studs open the metal tube to varying degrees, resulting in different clamping forces. Larger diameter studs experience greater clamping forces, while smaller diameter studs experience less. However, for small connectors like studs, the increase in diameter is often disproportionate to the increase in mass; that is, the increase in mass is not significant as the diameter increases. This leads to a mismatch between the clamping force and the stud's mass. Insufficient clamping force makes the stud prone to falling off, requiring manual support, while excessive clamping force makes removal difficult, impacting construction efficiency.

[0028] In this embodiment, the state of the movable plate 410 and the first clamping plate 420 is controlled by an adjustment structure. During the clamping of the stud 110, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 are initially locked. As the stud 110 is gradually inserted into the center of the first clamping plate 420, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 move radially outward synchronously. After the stud 110 is inserted to the set position, the movable plate 410 and the first clamping plate 420 are unlocked, and the movable plate 410 is fixed. The elastic force of the first clamping spring 440 acts on the stud 110 through the first clamping plate 420, thereby clamping the stud 110. Since the elastic force of the first clamping spring 440 remains constant during the installation of the stud 110, the first clamping plate 420 can always maintain the same clamping force when clamping studs 110 of different sizes. This avoids the stud 110 easily falling off due to insufficient clamping force, requiring manual support, while excessive clamping force makes it difficult to pull out, affecting operational efficiency. It is understandable that the clamping force of the first clamping spring 440 is initially set and depends on the distance between the movable plate 410 and the first clamping plate 420 when they are locked (that is, the degree of compression of the first clamping spring 440). As long as a compromise and appropriate clamping force is set according to the size range of the studs 110 that can be clamped, the elastic force of the first clamping spring 440 can be matched according to this clamping force.

[0029] Furthermore, to facilitate the connection between the first clamping plate 420, the movable plate 410 and the support cylinder 300, the side wall of the support cylinder 300 is provided with a plurality of limiting holes 305 spaced apart along the axial direction of the support cylinder 300, and the first clamping plate 420 is provided with a plurality of first guide sliding posts 421. The first guide sliding posts 421 extend radially along the support cylinder 300, and the first guide sliding posts 421 correspond one-to-one with the limiting holes 305 and are slidably disposed in the limiting holes 305. The movable plate 410 is slidably inserted into the first guide slide post 421, and the first reset spring 430 and the first clamping spring 440 are coaxially sleeved on the first guide slide post 421.

[0030] In a further embodiment, the control structure includes a slider 450, a gear 460, a limiting rod 470, and a second return spring 480; The slider 450 is located on the top of the movable plate 410 and can slide radially along the support cylinder 300; a locking block 451 is provided inside the slider 450 and can slide axially along the support cylinder 300. The bottom of the locking block 451 has a connecting part and an unlocking part. The connecting part can slide axially along the support cylinder 300 and be inserted into the top of the first clamping plate 420. The unlocking part is located outside the first clamping plate 420 and can abut against the bolt. A locking spring 452 is provided between the slider 450 and the locking block 451. The locking spring 452 is configured such that the connecting part of the locking block 451 is inserted into the first clamping plate 420 in the initial state; each slider 450 is provided with a rack 453. Gear 460 is coaxially mounted on support cylinder 300, and a locking groove 461 is provided on the inner peripheral wall of gear 460; a limiting rod 470 is mounted on support cylinder 300 and inserted into gear 460, the limiting rod 470 can move along the axial direction of support cylinder 300 and stop rotation in the circumference, and a locking block 471 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of limiting rod 470, the locking block 471 and the locking groove 461 are adapted to each other; The second return spring 480 is disposed between the limiting rod 470 and the support cylinder 300. The second return spring 480 is configured so that the limiting rod 470 is initially in the extreme position away from the welding gun 100. At this time, the locking groove 461 and the locking block 471 are misaligned, the gear 460 and the rack 453 are engaged, and the bottom of the limiting rod 470 is lower than the bottom of the unlocking part of the locking block 451.

[0031] In the initial state (when stud 110 is not installed), refer to Figure 15 At this time, the first clamping plate 420 is in a central convergence state.

[0032] As the stud 110 moves upward and contacts the first clamping plate 420, the stud 110 pushes the first clamping plate 420 to move radially outward. At this time, the locking block 451 is stuck in the first clamping plate 420 under the action of the locking spring 452. The movable plate 410 and the first clamping plate 420 move radially outward in sync. Also, because the racks 453 on the three sets of sliders 450 mesh with the gears 460 at the same time, the three sets of first clamping components 400 move synchronously, so that the stud 110 and the support cylinder 300 always remain coaxial.

[0033] As the stud 110 is continuously inserted, the stud 110 contacts the limiting rod 470 and gradually overcomes the elastic force of the second return spring 480 to push the limiting rod 470 upward until the locking block 471 and the locking groove 461 are engaged. Since the limiting rod 470 cannot rotate, when the locking block 471 and the locking groove 461 are engaged, the limiting rod 470 restricts the rotation of the gear 460, thereby preventing the slider 450 from sliding and ultimately preventing the movable plate 410 from moving radially. As the stud 110 continues to be inserted, the stud 110 contacts the locking block 451 and pushes the locking block 451 upward, causing the locking block 451 to disengage from the first clamping plate 420. At this time, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 are unlocked. The first clamping spring 440 acts on the stud 110 through the first clamping plate 420, thereby clamping the stud 110. Since the first clamping spring 440 between the movable plate 410 and the first clamping plate 420 is in a constant compression state, the same clamping force can always be maintained when clamping studs 110 of different sizes. This avoids the stud 110 from easily falling off due to a small clamping force, requiring manual support, while a large clamping force makes it difficult to pull out, affecting operational efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, to ensure that the limiting rod 470 can only move axially, refer to Figure 14 The support cylinder 300 has a square slot 302 inside. The upper part of the limiting rod 470 is a square rod that is adapted to the square slot 302. The square rod is slidably set in the square slot 302. Through the limiting effect of the square slot 302 and the square rod, the limiting rod 470 can only move axially and cannot rotate circumferentially.

[0035] To facilitate the movement of the slider 450 and the rack 453, the support cylinder 300 is also provided with a guide groove 303 and a mounting groove 304. The guide groove 303 extends radially along the support cylinder 300 and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The slider 450 is slidably disposed in the guide groove 303. The mounting groove 304 extends radially along the support cylinder 300 and corresponds one-to-one with the guide groove 303. Each mounting groove 304 is connected to the opposite guide groove 303. The end of the gear 460 away from the slider 450 extends to the corresponding mounting groove 304.

[0036] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the unlocking part of the locking block 451 is lower than the bottom surface of the connecting part. This arrangement ensures that when the stud 110 is pushed to unlock the part, the connecting part disengages from the first clamping plate 420 before the upper end surface of the stud 110 abuts against the support cylinder 300. After the connecting part disengages from the first clamping plate 420, the stud 110 continues to be inserted until the upper end surface of the stud 110 abuts against the support cylinder 300, at which point the stud 110 is fully installed. Compared to a design where the bottom of the connecting part is flush with the bottom of the unlocking part, this avoids the problem of the stud 110 being inserted to its limit position before the connecting part separates from the first clamping plate 420 due to machining errors.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the on-site welding equipment for steel structures of the present invention further includes a ceramic ring clamp 200 and a second clamping assembly 500, the second clamping assembly 500 being configured to clamp the ceramic ring 120; the ceramic ring clamp 200 is disposed on the welding gun 100, the ceramic ring clamp 200 is coaxial with the support cylinder 300 and is farther away from the welding gun 100 relative to the support cylinder 300. The second clamping assembly 500 includes a second clamping plate 520, a follower plate 510, and a second clamping spring 530; The second clamping plate 520 is slidably disposed on the ceramic ring clamp 200 along the radial direction of the ceramic ring clamp 200; The follower plate 510 is located between the ceramic ring clamp 200 and the second clamping plate 520. The follower plate 510 is slidably disposed on the second clamping plate 520 along the radial direction of the ceramic ring clamp 200. The follower plate 510 is configured to move radially synchronously with the movable plate 410 and slide relative to the movable plate 410 along the axial direction of the support cylinder 300. When the follower plate 510 moves away from the axis of the support cylinder 300, it can drive the second clamping plate 520 to move synchronously. The second clamping spring 530 is disposed between the follower plate 510 and the second clamping plate 520.

[0038] Furthermore, to facilitate the installation of the second clamping plate 520 and the follower plate 510, the second clamping plate 520 is provided with a plurality of second guide slides 521. The second guide slides 521 extend radially along the ceramic ring clamp 200 and are slidably disposed on the ceramic ring clamp 200. The follower plate 510 is slidably disposed on the second guide slides 521. The second clamping spring 530 is sleeved on one of the second guide slides 521. The second guide slide 521 is provided with a retaining ring 522. The retaining ring 522 is located on the side of the follower plate 510 away from the axis of the ceramic ring clamp 200 and can cooperate with the stop of the follower plate 510.

[0039] In the initial state, refer to Figure 15 Both the first clamping plate 420 and the second clamping plate 520 are in a centrally converged state, and the second clamping plate 520 is away from the axis of the support cylinder 300 relative to the first clamping plate 420.

[0040] During installation, as the stud 110 is gradually inserted into the first clamping plate 420, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 move synchronously away from the axis of the support cylinder 300. When the movable plate 410 moves, it drives the follower plate 510 to move synchronously. The follower plate 510 drives the second clamping plate 520 to move synchronously until the stud 110 is inserted into place and clamped by the first clamping plate 420.

[0041] Next, the ceramic ring 120 is inserted, pushing the second clamping plate 520 away from the ceramic ring clamp 200. The second clamping spring 530 is compressed and acts on the second clamping plate 520 to clamp the ceramic ring 120. It is understandable that, because the follower plate 510 and the second clamping plate 520 move outward synchronously with the movable plate 410 during the installation of the stud 110, adapting to the diameter of the ceramic ring 120, the elasticity of the second clamping spring 530 remains unchanged during this process. Therefore, when the ceramic ring 120 is inserted, the compression of the second clamping spring 530 is relatively small, ensuring that the clamping force of the second clamping plate 520 on ceramic rings 120 of different sizes remains basically consistent. This prevents situations where the clamping force is too small, causing the ceramic ring 120 to fall off, or too large, making it difficult for the welding gun 100 to be removed.

[0042] It should also be noted that, in the initial state, the distance between the clamping surfaces of the first clamping plate 420 and the second clamping plate 520 is configured to be slightly smaller than the thickness of the ceramic ring 120 that mates with the smallest diameter stud 110 that the device can adapt to. When the diameter of the stud 110 increases, the inner diameter and thickness of the ceramic ring 120 increase accordingly (this is an adaptation relationship, and there are corresponding standards). The increase in the diameter and thickness of the ceramic ring 120 is non-linear, but the change is very small. Therefore, in this embodiment, the second clamping plate 520 is set to follow the first clamping plate when installing the stud 110. 420 moves synchronously a certain distance. When installing the ceramic ring 120, the distance that the ceramic ring 120 pushes the second clamping plate 520 to move is the thickness of the ceramic ring 120 minus the distance that the second clamping plate 520 moves with the first clamping plate 420. The distance that the second clamping plate 520 moves during the installation of the ceramic ring 120 is relatively small, thereby making the clamping force of the second clamping spring 530 on ceramic rings 120 of different sizes basically constant, avoiding the second clamping plate 520 having too low a clamping force when clamping a small ceramic ring 120, or too high a clamping force when clamping a large ceramic ring 120.

[0043] In a further embodiment, the on-site welding equipment for steel structures of the present invention further includes a striking component 600, which is configured to break the ceramic ring 120 after welding is completed, and the striking force is positively correlated with the size of the ceramic ring 120, that is, the larger the size of the ceramic ring 120, the greater the striking force, and the smaller the size of the ceramic ring 120, the smaller the striking force.

[0044] The striking assembly 600 includes a lifting frame 610, a third return spring 630, and a striking rod 620; The lifting frame 610 is slidably disposed on the second clamping plate 520 along the axial direction of the support cylinder 300. The third return spring 630 is disposed between the lifting frame 610 and the second clamping plate 520. The third return spring 630 is configured to initially place the lifting frame 610 in the upper limit position. A friction block 611 is provided on the lifting frame 610. When the second clamping plate 520 clamps the ceramic ring 120, the friction block 611 and the ceramic ring 120 are in frictional contact. A stop block 306 is provided at the bottom of the inner part of the support cylinder 300. The middle part of the striking rod 620 is hinged to the top of the lifting frame 610, the top is located inside the stop block 306 and can contact the stop block 306, and the end is aligned with the ceramic ring 120. A torsion spring (not shown in the figure) is provided at the hinge of the striking rod 620 and the lifting frame 610. The torsion spring makes the striking rod 620 tend to keep horizontal with the axis of the support cylinder 300.

[0045] During the installation of stud 110, as stud 110 is gradually inserted into the first clamping plate 420, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 drive the follower plate 510 to move away from the axis of the support cylinder 300. The follower plate 510 drives the second clamping plate 520 to move. The second clamping plate 520 drives the striking rod 620 to move through the lifting frame 610. Under the limiting action of the stop block 306, the striking rod 620 gradually tilts. The torsion spring at the hinge of the striking rod 620 and the lifting frame 610 stores force until the stud 110 is completely inserted into the first clamping plate 420. Afterwards, during the installation of the ceramic ring 120, the ceramic ring 120 pushes the second clamping plate 520 to move radially outward. The second clamping plate 520 further drives the striking rod 620 to tilt through the lifting frame 610. After the stud 110 and ceramic ring 120 are installed, hold the welding gun 100 and place the stud 110 and ceramic ring 120 against the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and operate the welding gun 100 to perform welding.

[0046] After welding is completed, the welding gun 100 is raised. At this time, the ceramic ring 120 remains stationary due to the friction of the weld. The lifting frame 610 also remains stationary due to the friction between the friction block 611 and the ceramic ring 120. The welding gun drives the support cylinder 300, the first clamping assembly 400, and the second clamping assembly 500 to move upward. The second clamping plate 520 moves upward relative to the lifting frame 610, further compressing the third return spring 630. The top of the striking rod 620 and the stop block 306 disengage. The torsion spring between the lifting frame 610 and the striking rod 620, as well as the weight of the striking rod 620 itself, cause the striking rod to disengage. Under the action of force, the striking rod 620 swings rapidly and strikes the ceramic ring 120, breaking the ceramic ring 120. At the moment the ceramic ring 120 breaks, the lifting frame 610 moves upward relative to the second clamping plate 520 under the action of the third return spring 630. Then, as the welding gun 100 continues to move, the welding gun 100 gradually disengages from the stud 110. After the welding gun 100 is completely disengaged from the stud 110, the first clamping assembly 400 and the second clamping assembly 500 reset to the center. The top of the striking rod 620 abuts against the inner end of the stop block 306 again. The equipment reset is completed, and the next welding can be performed.

[0047] It is understandable that during the above striking process, the tilt angle of the striking rod 620 is affected by the radial outward movement distance of the second clamping plate 520. When the size of the stud 110 increases, the radial outward movement distance of the first clamping plate 420 and the second clamping plate 520 is greater, the tilt angle of the striking rod 620 is greater, the storage force of the torsion spring is greater, and the striking force is greater. Since the size of the ceramic ring 120 is adapted to the size of the stud 110, the striking force of the striking rod 620 can change with the size of the ceramic ring 120, maintaining an appropriate striking force at all times.

[0048] Furthermore, to facilitate the installation of the lifting frame 610 and the second clamping plate 520, refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 The second clamping plate 520 has a mounting groove on its clamping surface, and a fixing block 540 is installed in the mounting groove. The fixing block 540 is detachably connected to the second clamping plate 520. The friction block 611 is slidably disposed in the mounting groove and located at the bottom of the fixing block 540. During installation, the lifting frame 610 is slidably installed on the second clamping plate 520 so that the friction block 611 is located in the mounting groove. Then, the fixing block 540 is installed and fixed to the second clamping plate 520 using bolts or other connecting parts.

[0049] In a further embodiment, the lifting frame 610 is provided with a pressing plate 612, which can abut against the stepped surface formed on the outer periphery of the ceramic ring 120, thereby limiting the upper limit position of the ceramic ring 120 installation. At the same time, during welding, the pressing plate 612 can apply a certain pressing force to the ceramic ring 120, further preventing the ceramic ring 120 from moving upward due to the impact of the electric arc, and ensuring reliable welding.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the axial distance between the ceramic ring clamp 200 and the welding gun 100 can be adjusted to accommodate studs 110 of different lengths. Meanwhile, the striking rod 620 is a telescopic rod to adapt to the position of the ceramic ring clamp 200.

[0051] Furthermore, to achieve position adjustment of the ceramic ring clamp 200, a connecting slide 220 is provided on the ceramic ring clamp 200. The connecting slide 220 is slidably inserted into the welding gun 100 along the axial direction of the support cylinder 300. A locking screw 210 is provided at the connection between the connecting slide 220 and the welding gun 100. Loosening the locking screw 210 can adjust the position of the ceramic ring clamp 200, and tightening the locking screw 210 can lock the connecting slide 220 and the welding gun 100, thereby fixing the position of the ceramic ring clamp 200.

[0052] Furthermore, the striking lever 620 specifically includes a first lever segment 621 and a second lever segment 622. The first lever segment 621 and the second lever segment 622 are slidably inserted together and locked by screws or other connecting parts (not shown in the figure). The end of the second lever segment 622 away from the first lever segment 621 is provided with a ball head for striking the ceramic ring 120. The top end of the second lever segment 622 is hinged to the lifting frame 610.

[0053] It should be further explained that the support cylinder 300 can move axially relative to the welding gun 100. An arc-pull spring 301 is provided between the support cylinder 300 and the welding gun 100, which causes the support cylinder 300 to tend to move away from the welding gun 100. The welding gun 100 is equipped with a magnetic lifting mechanism and a trigger. The magnetic lifting mechanism is used to control the movement of the support cylinder 300, and the trigger is used to start welding. After the ceramic ring 120 is installed, its bottom surface is higher than the bottom surface of the stud 110 by a preset distance. This preset distance is less than the distance between the support cylinder 300 and the welding gun 100 caused by the arc-pull spring 301 in the initial state, which facilitates arc ignition.

[0054] During welding, pulling the trigger activates the magnetic lifting mechanism in the welding torch 100, which lifts the support cylinder 300, thereby raising the stud 110 a small distance and igniting the welding arc. When the electromagnet in the magnetic lifting mechanism releases after a predetermined time, the arc-pulling spring 301 releases pressure, immersing the stud 110 into the molten pool. After cooling due to power failure, a joint is formed. The lifting height of the stud 110 (i.e., the stroke of the stud 110) is adjusted before welding.

[0055] Based on the above embodiments, the usage principle and working process of the present invention are as follows: Mounting stud 110: When the stud 110 is not installed, both the first clamping assembly 400 and the second clamping assembly 500 are in a state of converging towards the center.

[0056] Reference Figure 15 Insert the stud 110 into the center of the second clamping plate 520 from bottom to top. As the stud 110 moves upward and contacts the first clamping plate 420, the stud 110 begins to push the first clamping plate 420 to move radially outward. Under the connection of the locking block 451 and the slider 450, the first clamping plate 420 drives the movable plate 410 to move radially outward synchronously. The movable plate 410 drives the follower plate 510 to move radially outward synchronously. Since the racks 453 on the three sets of sliders 450 mesh with the gears 460 at the same time, the three sets of first clamping components 400 and the three sets of second clamping components 500 move synchronously, ensuring that the stud 110 is always concentric with the device during the insertion process.

[0057] As the second clamping plate 520 moves outward, it drives the striking rod 620 to move outward. Under the limiting action of the stop block 306, the striking rod 620 gradually tilts, and the torsion spring at the hinge of the striking rod 620 and the lifting frame 610 stores force.

[0058] When the stud 110 is inserted to contact the limiting rod 470, the stud 110 gradually overcomes the elastic force of the second return spring 480 and pushes the limiting rod 470 upward until the locking block 471 and the locking groove 461 are engaged. Since the limiting rod 470 cannot rotate, when the locking block 471 and the locking groove 461 are engaged, the limiting rod 470 restricts the rotation of the gear 460, thereby preventing the slider 450 from sliding and locking the position of the movable plate 410. Subsequently, as the stud 110 continues to be inserted, the stud 110 contacts the locking block 451 and pushes the locking block 451 upward, causing the locking block 451 to disengage from the first clamping plate 420. At this time, the first clamping plate 420 and the movable plate 410 are disengaged, and the elastic force of the first clamping spring 440 acts radially inward through the first clamping plate 420 on the stud 110, causing the first clamping plate 420 to clamp the stud 110, thus completing the installation of the stud 110.

[0059] Since the first clamping spring 440 is in a constant compression state, it can always maintain the same clamping force when clamping studs 110 of different sizes. This improves the problem that the studs 110 are easy to fall off due to small clamping force and need to be held by hand, while large clamping force makes it difficult to pull out and affects the efficiency of operation.

[0060] Install ceramic ring 120: After the stud 110 is installed, a ceramic ring 120 that matches the stud 110 is selected and inserted into the second clamping plate 520 from bottom to top. When the ceramic ring 120 moves upward, it pushes the second clamping plate 520 to move radially outward, compressing the second clamping spring 530 between the second clamping plate 520 and the follower plate 510 until the ceramic ring 120 abuts against the pressure plate of the lifting frame 610. Since the follower plate 510 and the second clamping plate 520 have already moved outward synchronously with the movable plate 410 during the stud 110 installation stage, the movement distance of the second clamping plate 520 is relatively small at this time. The movement distance of the second clamping plate 520 when clamping ceramic rings 120 of different diameters is not much different, which can still satisfy the second clamping plate 520 to generate a basically constant clamping force on ceramic rings 120 of different sizes, and can also satisfy the requirement that the ceramic ring 120 and the stud 110 are always in a coaxial state.

[0061] Then, adjust the position of the ceramic ring clamp 200 according to the length of the stud 110 so that the bottom surface of the ceramic ring clamp 200 is higher than the stud 110 by a preset distance. The connecting slide 220 is provided with scale markings (not shown in the figure) to facilitate the determination of the adjustment distance.

[0062] welding: Holding the welding torch 100, place the ceramic ring 120 and stud 110 against the surface of the workpiece to be welded. Once the bottom surfaces of the ceramic ring 120 and stud 110 are flush, pull the trigger of the welding torch 100. The magnetic lifting mechanism inside the welding torch 100 lifts the support cylinder 300, which in turn lifts the stud 110 upwards, igniting the electric arc. When the electromagnet in the magnetic lifting mechanism releases after a predetermined time, the arc-pulling spring 301 releases pressure, causing the stud 110 to be immersed in the molten pool. After the power is cut off and the workpiece cools down, a welded joint is formed.

[0063] Tap the ceramic ring 120 to reset the equipment. After welding is completed, the welding gun 100 is raised upwards. The ceramic ring 120 remains stationary due to the friction of the weld. Under the friction of the friction block 611 and the ceramic ring 120, the lifting frame 610 remains stationary. As the welding gun 100 moves upwards as a whole, the support cylinder 300 drives the second clamping plate 520 and the follower plate 510 to move upwards through the movable plate 410. The second clamping plate 520 moves upwards relative to the lifting frame 610, further compressing the third return spring 630. The striking rod 620 and the stop block 306 disengage. Under the action of the torsion spring between the lifting frame 610 and the striking rod 620 and the weight of the striking rod 620 itself, the striking rod 620 swings rapidly and strikes the ceramic ring 120, breaking the ceramic ring 120. Furthermore, the tilt angle of the striking rod 620 is affected by the radial outward movement distance of the second clamping plate 520. When the size of the stud 110 increases, the radial outward movement distance of the first clamping assembly 400 and the second clamping assembly 500 is greater, the tilt angle of the striking rod 620 is greater, and the stored force of the striking rod 620 is greater. Since the size of the ceramic ring 120 is adapted to the size of the stud 110, the striking force of the striking rod 620 can change with the size of the ceramic ring 120, maintaining an appropriate striking force at all times.

[0064] The moment the ceramic ring 120 is broken, the lifting frame 610 returns to its original position. Then, as the welding gun 100 continues to move, the welding gun 100 gradually disengages from the stud 110. After the welding gun 100 is completely disengaged from the stud 110, the first clamping assembly 400 and the second clamping assembly 500 return to their original positions. The top of the striking rod 620 abuts against the inner end of the stop block 306 again. The equipment reset is complete, and the next welding can be performed.

[0065] This invention also provides an on-site welding process for steel structures, using the aforementioned on-site welding equipment for steel structures, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Install the stud 110 onto the first clamping plate 420; Step 2: Install the ceramic ring 120 onto the second clamping plate 520; Step 3: Use the welding gun 100 to press the stud 110 and ceramic ring 120 onto the object to be welded and weld them. Step 4: Pull the welding gun 100 upwards and use the striking rod 620 to strike the ceramic ring 120.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field welding device for steel structures, characterized in that, include: Welding gun; A support cylinder is located at the end of the welding gun and is open at the end furthest from the welding gun; Multiple sets of first clamping assemblies are installed on the support cylinder and evenly distributed along the circumference of the support cylinder; the first clamping assembly includes a first clamping plate, a movable plate and an adjustment structure; The first clamping plate is slidably disposed inside the support cylinder along the radial direction of the support cylinder. During installation, the stud to be welded is inserted into the center of the first clamping plate from the open end of the support cylinder. The movable plate is located between the support cylinder and the first clamping plate. The movable plate is slidably disposed on the first clamping plate along the radial direction of the support cylinder. A first return spring is disposed between the movable plate and the inner wall of the support cylinder. A first clamping spring is disposed between the movable plate and the first clamping plate. The elastic force of the first clamping spring is greater than the elastic force of the first return spring. The control structure acts on the first clamping plate and the movable plate. The control structure is configured to lock the first clamping plate and the movable plate and compress the first clamping spring to a preset degree before the stud is inserted or before it is inserted to a set depth. After the stud is inserted to the set depth, the movable plate is fixed and the first clamping plate and the movable plate are unlocked.

2. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control structure includes a slider, gears, a limit rod, a second return spring, and a rack; The slider is located on the top of the movable plate and can slide radially along the support cylinder; a locking block is provided inside the slider and can slide axially along the support cylinder. The bottom of the locking block has a connecting part and an unlocking part. The connecting part can slide axially along the support cylinder and be inserted into the top of the first clamping plate. The unlocking part is located on the outside of the first clamping plate and can abut against the bolt. A locking spring is provided between the slider and the locking block. The locking spring is configured so that the connecting part of the locking block is inserted into the first clamping plate in the initial state. Each slider is provided with a rack. The gear is coaxially mounted on the support cylinder, and a locking groove is provided on the inner circumferential wall of the gear; a limiting rod is mounted on the support cylinder and inserted into the gear, the limiting rod can move along the axial direction of the support cylinder and stop rotation in the circumferential direction, and a locking block is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the limiting rod, the locking block and the locking groove are compatible. The second return spring is located between the limiting rod and the support cylinder. The second return spring is configured so that the limiting rod is initially in the extreme position away from the welding gun. At this time, the locking groove and the locking block are misaligned, the gear and the rack are engaged, and the bottom of the limiting rod is lower than the bottom of the unlocking part of the locking block.

3. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on-site welding equipment for the steel structure also includes a ceramic ring clamp and a second clamping assembly. The ceramic ring clamp is mounted on the welding gun and is coaxial with the support cylinder and is farther away from the welding gun than the support cylinder. The second clamping assembly includes a second clamping plate, a follower plate, and a second clamping spring. The second clamping plate is slidably disposed on the ceramic ring clamp along the radial direction of the ceramic ring clamp; The follower plate is located between the ceramic ring clamp and the second clamping plate. The follower plate is slidably disposed on the second clamping plate along the radial direction of the ceramic ring clamp. The follower plate is configured to move radially synchronously with the movable plate and slide relative to the movable plate along the axial direction of the support cylinder. When the follower plate moves away from the axis of the support cylinder, it can drive the second clamping plate to move synchronously. The second clamping spring is disposed between the follower plate and the second clamping plate.

4. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 3, characterized in that, The on-site welding equipment for the steel structure also includes a hammering assembly, which includes a lifting frame, a third return spring, and a hammering rod. The lifting frame is slidably mounted on the second clamping plate along the axial direction of the support cylinder. The third return spring is located between the lifting frame and the second clamping plate. The third return spring is configured to initially position the lifting frame at its upper limit. A friction block is provided on the lifting frame. When the second clamping plate clamps the ceramic ring, the friction block and the ceramic ring come into frictional contact. A stop block is provided at the bottom of the support cylinder. The middle part of the striking rod is hinged to the top of the lifting frame, the top of the rod is located inside the stop block and can contact the stop block, and the end is aligned with the ceramic ring. A torsion spring is provided at the hinge of the striking rod and the lifting frame. The torsion spring makes the striking rod tend to keep horizontal with the axis of the support cylinder.

5. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lifting frame is equipped with a pressing plate that can abut against the stepped surface formed on the outer periphery of the ceramic ring.

6. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 4, characterized in that, The axial distance between the ceramic ring clamp and the welding gun is adjustable, and the striking rod is a telescopic rod.

7. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ceramic ring clamp is equipped with a connecting slide post, which is slidably inserted into the welding gun along the axial direction of the support cylinder. A locking screw is provided at the connection between the connecting slide post and the welding gun.

8. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 6, characterized in that, The striking rod includes a first segment and a second segment, which are slidably connected and locked by a connector. The end of the second segment away from the first segment is provided with a ball head, and the top of the second segment is hinged to the lifting frame.

9. The on-site welding equipment for steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support cylinder can move relative to the welding gun along its own axis. An arc spring is provided between the support cylinder and the welding gun, which makes the support cylinder tend to move away from the welding gun. The welding gun is equipped with a magnetic lifting mechanism and a trigger. The magnetic lifting mechanism is used to control the movement of the support cylinder, and the trigger is used to start welding.

10. A field welding process for steel structures, characterized in that, The field welding equipment for steel structures described in any one of claims 1-9 was used.

Images