An apparatus and method for automated laser processing of a sample

Abstract

The application provides a device and method for automatically processing samples by laser. The device integrates a plate-type workpiece processing station and a cylinder-type workpiece processing station on a base platform, both of which share the same set of laser cutting heads, laser markers and visual inspection equipment, and can realize batch processing and processing of various sizes, greatly reducing equipment investment and factory occupancy. It is especially suitable for manufacturing and processing of large structural parts with multiple varieties and small batches. By replacing wire cutting with laser cutting, the cutting efficiency is improved by 5-10 times, there is no electrode wire consumption, the sample size can reach an accuracy of ±0.1 mm, unmanned or less manned production can be realized, and the dependence on the skills of operators is reduced. The method selects a corresponding plate-type workpiece processing station or a multi-jaw chuck according to the shape and structure of the workpiece to be processed, and provides unified laser cutting parameters and automatic path planning for samples of the same specification, eliminating manual operation differences.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing and laser manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to an automated laser processing device and method for samples. Background Technology

[0002] In high-end industrial core fields such as materials science research and development, aerospace equipment manufacturing, and pressure vessel production, the safety, stability, and service life of product structures are core indicators of quality control. Mechanical property testing of the base material and welded joints is a crucial process for controlling product quality and verifying material process compliance. To accurately test core mechanical parameters such as tensile strength, flexural toughness, and impact toughness, the industry commonly uses mechanical property test specimens attached to the product itself. Conventional test specimens mainly include standardized specimens such as plate tensile specimens, flexural specimens, and impact specimens. Their processing accuracy, quality, and efficiency directly affect the accuracy of product test results and overall production progress. Currently, the processing of mechanical property specimens in industrial production still relies mainly on traditional processes. The mainstream processing methods are wire cutting and mechanical milling / sawing. Both processes have significant technical shortcomings, and the lack of adequate supporting auxiliary processes further restricts the overall efficiency and quality stability of specimen processing, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern industrial mass production, high efficiency, and high precision.

[0003] Wire EDM is currently the most widely used process for sample processing. Its core advantage lies in its high precision, which can basically meet the dimensional tolerance requirements of standardized samples. However, its overall processing efficiency is extremely low, becoming a major obstacle to large-scale sample processing. In the sampling and processing of large workpieces such as thick steel plates and large pressure vessel cylinders, the drawbacks of wire EDM are further amplified. These workpieces have long cutting strokes and large material thicknesses, resulting in rapid electrode wire wear during processing. This necessitates frequent machine stops for electrode wire replacement and calibration, significantly disrupting processing continuity. Furthermore, wire EDM cannot directly complete the rough blanking of raw materials. Initially, manual gas cutting and shearing are required to complete the blanking before fine cutting. This multi-step process not only lengthens the overall processing cycle but also increases the risk of human error and process failures. The overall processing time is several times that of automated processes, severely slowing down product quality inspection and delivery.

[0004] Mechanical milling and sawing processes also have unavoidable technical drawbacks, resulting in poor adaptability and inconsistent processing quality. For special workpieces such as irregularly shaped or thin-walled specimens, clamping and securing them is extremely difficult. Insecure clamping can easily lead to specimen displacement and wobbling during processing, causing dimensional deviations. Furthermore, milling and sawing are high-pressure contact cutting processes that generate significant mechanical cutting stress. Residual stress can easily cause specimen bending, warping, and deformation, directly leading to specimen scrap. This not only increases production costs but also affects the authenticity and accuracy of mechanical performance testing data. In addition, after cutting, the scattered specimens lack a fixed storage structure, easily leading to random scattering and batch mixing. Specimens of different specifications, workpieces, and batches are mixed together, significantly increasing the difficulty of subsequent manual sorting and classification.

[0005] In terms of sample identification and management, existing processing technologies also have significant shortcomings. Currently, the industry generally relies on manual marking and engraving of numbers to distinguish samples. Manual operation is not only inefficient but also prone to problems such as illegible handwriting, missing numbers, misaligned markings, and incorrect numbering, making sample traceability difficult. Once abnormal test data occurs, it is impossible to accurately correspond to the original product workpiece, which greatly hinders product quality traceability and process optimization. More importantly, current laser-based sample processing equipment on the market generally suffers from limited functionality and poor compatibility. The equipment is highly specialized, with most machines only capable of processing flat plate-shaped samples or specifically adapted for sampling and processing large cylindrical workpieces, failing to achieve compatible processing of both plate-shaped and cylindrical workpieces. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems in existing technologies where precision and efficiency cannot be simultaneously achieved during mass production of samples, as well as the lack of versatility, this application provides an automated laser processing device and method for sample processing.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides an automated laser processing device for samples, including a base platform, a gantry module disposed on the upper side of the base platform, a laser cutting head, a laser marking device and a vision inspection device disposed on the gantry module, a plate-shaped part processing station disposed on the upper surface of the base platform, and a cylindrical part processing station disposed on the lower side of the base platform, wherein the vertical projections of the plate-shaped part processing station and the cylindrical part processing station coincide.

[0009] The plate-shaped part processing station includes a support frame and a driving component. The driving component is used to control the movement of the support frame on the base platform. The support frame is provided with a reference crossbar and a locking crossbar.

[0010] The cylindrical part processing station includes a positioner, and a multi-jaw chuck is provided at the free end of the positioner. Force sensors are provided on the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck.

[0011] Furthermore, the gantry module includes an X-axis linear guide rail, a Y-axis moving crossbeam, and a Z-axis sliding plate, wherein the Y-axis moving crossbeam is disposed on the upper surface of the base platform, the X-axis linear guide rail is slidably disposed on the Y-axis moving crossbeam, and the Z-axis sliding plate is disposed on the Y-axis moving crossbeam.

[0012] Furthermore, the positioner includes a drive assembly and a fixing assembly. The drive assembly includes an X-axis drive structure and a Y-axis drive structure, which are used to drive the fixing assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis in the horizontal plane. The fixing assembly is used to connect to a multi-jaw chuck.

[0013] In a second aspect, this application provides a method for automated laser processing of specimens, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step S1: If the workpiece to be processed is a plate-shaped part, it is clamped in the plate-shaped part processing station; if the workpiece to be processed is a cylindrical part, it is clamped in a multi-jaw chuck.

[0015] Step S2: Based on the processing priority of the workpiece to be processed, trigger the plate-type part processing program or the cylindrical part processing program, and based on the triggered plate-type part processing program or cylindrical part processing program, select one of the corresponding plate-type part processing station or cylindrical part processing station to be in the processing area and the other to be in the non-processing area.

[0016] Step S3: After the vision inspection equipment is started to position the workpiece to be processed, the laser cutting head and laser marking device are used to cut and / or mark according to the preset process to complete the workpiece to be processed in the current priority.

[0017] Step S4: Repeat steps S1-S3 until all workpieces to be processed are completed.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, when snapping the plate component, the support frame is in the initial position, one side of the plate component is placed on the reference crossbar, and the other side abuts against the locking crossbar to complete the snapping of the plate component.

[0019] When clamping cylindrical parts, the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck clamp the end edge of the cylindrical parts. During the clamping process, the clamping force of the jaws is continuously increased, and the tension force of the jaws is collected in real time by a force sensor. When the tension force reaches the preset tension force threshold, the clamping of the cylindrical parts is completed.

[0020] Furthermore, the preset tension force threshold include:

[0021] ;

[0022] In the formula, The elastic modulus of the material, The wall thickness of the clamping edge of the cylindrical part. The diameter of the cylinder is... For safety factors, the value is set between 0.3 and 0.6.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S2, if the plate-shaped part processing program is performed first, the drive unit moves the support frame and the plate-shaped part to the preset processing reference position, and the positioner moves the cylindrical part to the non-processing area. If the cylindrical part processing program is performed first, the positioner moves the processing reference position of the cylindrical part, and the drive unit moves the support frame and the plate-shaped part to the non-processing area.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, when the visual inspection device is activated to locate the workpiece to be processed, it performs type identification and spatial positioning of the workpiece to be processed.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S3, when the laser cutting head performs cutting according to the preset process, a cutting path is preset based on the pattern contour, and multiple micro-connection points are set in the cutting path.

[0026] Furthermore, for lightweight designs, there are 1-3 micro-connection points, and for heavy-duty designs, there are 4-6 micro-connection points. The thickness of the micro-connection points is 5-15% of the thickness of the base material, and the width is 0.5-1mm.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] This application provides an apparatus and method for automated laser processing of test specimens. The apparatus integrates plate-shaped and cylindrical part processing stations that overlap vertically on a base platform. Both stations share the same laser cutting head, laser marking device, and vision inspection equipment, enabling batch processing of specimens and processing of various sizes. This significantly reduces equipment investment and factory space requirements, making it particularly suitable for manufacturing large structural components in small batches with diverse varieties. Laser cutting replaces wire cutting, increasing cutting efficiency by 5-10 times, eliminating electrode wire consumption, and achieving a specimen size accuracy of ±0.1mm. This allows for unmanned or minimally manned production, reducing reliance on operator skills. The method selects the corresponding plate-shaped part processing station or multi-jaw chuck based on the workpiece's shape and provides corresponding cutting / marking processes based on processing priority. The two processes are interlocked through displacement within corresponding planes. For specimens of the same specification, it provides unified laser cutting parameters and automated path planning, eliminating differences in manual operation and ensuring high consistency in the geometric dimensions and surface quality of each batch of specimens. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A front view of the apparatus for automated laser processing of specimens according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A side view of an apparatus for automated laser processing of specimens according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the support frame in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] In the diagram: 1-Base platform; 11-X-direction linear guide rail; 12-Y-direction moving crossbeam; 13-Z-direction sliding plate; 2-Laser cutting head; 3-Laser marking device; 5-Plate part processing station; 6-Cylinder part processing station; 7-Polyposition machine; 8-Multi-jaw chuck; 21-Reference crossbar; 22-Locking crossbar; 23-Fixing rod; 24-Support plate; 25-Electric telescopic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

[0034] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first embodiment of this application shows an automated laser processing device for samples, including a base platform 1, a gantry module on the upper side of the base platform 1, a laser cutting head 2, a laser marking device 3 and a vision inspection device on the gantry module, a plate-shaped part processing station 5 on the upper surface of the base platform 1, and a cylindrical part processing station 6 on the lower side of the base platform 1, with the vertical projections of the plate-shaped part processing station 5 and the cylindrical part processing station 6 coinciding.

[0035] The plate-shaped part processing station 5 includes a support frame and a driving component. The driving component is used to control the support frame to move on the base platform 1. The support frame is provided with a reference crossbar 21 and a locking crossbar 22.

[0036] The cylindrical part processing station 6 includes a positioner 7, and a multi-jaw chuck 8 is provided at the free end of the positioner 7. Force sensors are provided on the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck 8.

[0037] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the laser cutting head 2 melts and vaporizes the contour of the workpiece to be processed by focusing a high-energy laser beam, and the laser marking device 3 uses a low-power laser to cause thermal erosion / oxidation discoloration on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, permanently engraving text and serial numbers without penetrating the material itself. The visual inspection equipment is based on an industrial camera + light source + image processing software to acquire images of the workpiece to be processed to complete positioning, size measurement and coordinate correction. All of these are existing technologies.

[0038] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the support frame is a rectangular frame structure, including two parallel fixed rods, a reference crossbar 21, and a locking crossbar 22. Support plates 24 are provided on the inner edges of the fixed rods 23, the reference crossbar 21, and the locking crossbar 22. The locking crossbar 22 can move closer to or further away from the reference crossbar 21 via an electric telescopic rod 25. The support plates 24 are used to support the edges of the workpiece to be measured. A driving component is connected to the non-connecting end of the fixed rod 23. The driving component is an electric telescopic device that controls the support frame to move along the X-axis on the base platform 1.

[0039] Specifically, the gantry module includes an X-axis linear guide rail 11, a Y-axis moving crossbeam 12, and a Z-axis sliding plate 13. The Y-axis moving crossbeam 12 is located on the upper surface of the base platform 1, the X-axis linear guide rail 11 is slidably mounted on the Y-axis moving crossbeam 12, and the Z-axis sliding plate 13 is mounted on the Y-axis moving crossbeam 12. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the X-axis linear guide rail 11 integrates a gear and rack telescopic structure. A motor drives the gear to rotate, the gear meshes with and fixes the rack, and the rack performs linear telescopic motion. The Y-axis moving crossbeam 12 and the Z-axis sliding plate 13 integrate a lead screw linear telescopic structure. A motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and a nut converts the rotational motion into linear reciprocating motion, realizing the movement of the laser cutting head 2, the laser marking device 3, and the vision inspection equipment in the Y and Z directions.

[0040] Specifically, the positioner 7 includes a drive assembly and a fixing assembly. The drive assembly includes an X-axis drive structure and a Y-axis drive structure, which drive the fixing assembly to move along the X and Y axes in the horizontal plane. The fixing assembly is used to connect to the multi-jaw chuck 8. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the fixing assembly is a cylindrical structure. Both the Y-axis drive structure and the X-axis drive structure are electrically telescopic. The drive end of the Y-axis drive structure is fixedly connected to the X-axis drive structure, and the drive end of the X-axis drive structure is fixedly connected to the cylindrical structure. The Y-axis drive structure is used to drive the workpiece to be processed into or out of the processing area, and the X-axis drive structure is used to drive one end of the workpiece to be processed closer to the processing reference position.

[0041] The second embodiment of this application provides a method for automated laser processing of samples, including the following steps:

[0042] Step S1: If the workpiece to be processed is a plate-shaped part, it is clamped in the plate-shaped part processing station 5; if the workpiece to be processed is a cylindrical part, it is clamped in the multi-jaw chuck 8.

[0043] Step S2: Based on the processing priority of the workpiece to be processed, trigger the plate-type part processing program or the cylindrical part processing program, and based on the triggered plate-type part processing program or cylindrical part processing program, select one of the corresponding plate-type part processing station 5 or cylindrical part processing station 6 to be in the processing area and the other to be in the non-processing area.

[0044] Step S3: After the vision inspection equipment is started to position the workpiece to be processed, the laser cutting head 2 and the laser marking device 3 are used to cut and / or mark according to the preset process to complete the workpiece to be processed in the current priority.

[0045] Step S4: Repeat steps S1-S3 until all workpieces to be processed are completed.

[0046] Specifically, in step S1, when snapping the plate component, the support frame is in the initial position, one side of the plate component is placed on the reference crossbar, and the other side abuts against the locking crossbar to complete the snapping of the plate component.

[0047] When clamping cylindrical parts, the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck 8 clamp the end edge of the cylindrical parts. During the clamping process, the clamping force of the jaws is continuously increased, and the tension force of the jaws is collected in real time by a force sensor. When the tension force reaches the preset tension force threshold, the clamping of the cylindrical parts is completed.

[0048] Furthermore, the preset tension force threshold include:

[0049] ;

[0050] In the formula, The elastic modulus of the material, The wall thickness of the clamping edge of the cylindrical part. The diameter of the cylinder is... For safety factors, the value is set between 0.3 and 0.6.

[0051] It should be noted that in this embodiment, more jaws are used for workpieces with thinner walls and larger cylinder diameters, while fewer jaws are used for workpieces with thicker walls and smaller cylinder diameters, in order to improve the stability of the clamping and avoid deformation caused by high pressure.

[0052] Specifically, in step S2, if the plate-shaped part processing program is performed first, the drive unit moves the support frame and the plate-shaped part to the preset processing reference position, and the positioner 7 moves the cylindrical part to the non-processing area. If the cylindrical part processing program is performed first, the positioner 7 moves the processing reference position of the cylindrical part, and the drive unit moves the support frame and the plate-shaped part to the non-processing area. It should be noted that since the laser penetrates the workpiece to be processed during the cutting process, this avoids damage to the cylindrical workpiece below. However, if it is a marking process, the cylindrical workpiece below can be kept in the processing area.

[0053] Specifically, in step S3, when the visual inspection device is activated to locate the workpiece to be processed, it performs type identification and spatial positioning of the workpiece. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the visual inspection device acquires images of the workpiece to be processed through a visual camera, distinguishes the workpiece model, specifications, and front and back sides through image features, template matching, or deep learning models, and distinguishes mixed or incorrectly made workpieces based on size and material to avoid mismatches in subsequent processing steps. Furthermore, relying on 2D / 3D visual imaging, it obtains the planar coordinates and depth coordinates of the workpiece to be processed in the device coordinate system, determining the origin of the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the workpiece to be processed. All of these are existing technologies.

[0054] Specifically, in step S3, when the laser cutting head 2 cuts according to the preset process, a preset cutting path is set based on the contour of the pattern, and multiple micro-connection points are set in the cutting path. Furthermore, for lightweight patterns, there are 1-3 micro-connection points, and for heavy-duty patterns, there are 4-6 micro-connection points. The thickness of the micro-connection points is 5-15% of the thickness of the base material, and the width is 0.5-1mm.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A pressure vessel manufacturer has a 300mm × 1500mm × 7.5mm thick Q345R welded steel plate. Six sets of tensile test specimens and six sets of bending test specimens need to be cut. The operating steps are as follows:

[0057] The steel plate to be processed is placed in plate part processing station 5. Plate part processing station 5 is moved to the processing area, and cylindrical part processing station 6 is moved to the non-processing area.

[0058] The visual inspection equipment uses the edge contour information of the steel plate to be processed to determine the initial processing position and processing path, and automatically calls the cutting and marking programs.

[0059] Laser marking device 3 sequentially marks the sample number in the non-effective area of ​​each sample.

[0060] The laser cutting head 2 completes contour cutting with micro-connections, with a laser power of 9kW and a speed of 1.8m / min. Compressed oxygen is used in the laser cutting process.

[0061] Implementation Case 2

[0062] A pressure vessel manufacturer has welded cylinders with a diameter of 800mm, a wall thickness of 3mm, and made of TC4 material. At least 6 sets of tensile test specimens and 6 sets of bending test specimens need to be cut. The operating steps are as follows:

[0063] Based on the diameter of the workpiece cylinder, the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck 8 are extended outward to approximately 790mm under the drive of a servo motor. The control system calculates the deformation threshold based on the material parameters of titanium alloy TC4 (E=110GPa), a wall thickness of 3mm, and a diameter of 800mm. = 0.5 × 110 × 10 9 × (0.003)² / 0.8 ≈ 618N.

[0064] Each jaw continues to expand outward, and the force sensor provides real-time feedback on the expansion force. The expansion force of the jaws is controlled within the range of 500±20N, uniform and less than the deformation threshold of 618N. After the cylinder is clamped, there is no visible deformation.

[0065] The workpiece cylinder to be processed is placed in the cylindrical part processing station 6. The cylindrical part processing station 6 is moved to the processing area, and the plate part processing station 5 is moved to the non-processing area.

[0066] The laser marking device 3 performs marking, and the laser cutting head 2 completes the cutting of the sample with micro-connections in normal following mode.

[0067] After cutting, remove each sample.

[0068] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automated laser processing apparatus for samples, characterized in that, Includes a base platform (1), a gantry module is provided on the upper side of the base platform (1), a laser cutting head (2), a laser marking device (3) and a vision inspection device are provided on the gantry module, a plate-shaped part processing station (5) is provided on the upper surface of the base platform (1), and a cylindrical part processing station (6) is provided on the lower side of the base platform (1). The vertical projections of the plate-shaped part processing station (5) and the cylindrical part processing station (6) coincide. The plate-shaped part processing station (5) includes a support frame and a driving component. The driving component is used to control the support frame to move on the base platform (1). The support frame is provided with a reference crossbar and a locking crossbar. The cylindrical part processing station (6) includes a positioner (7), and a multi-jaw chuck (8) is provided at the free end of the positioner (7). Force sensors are provided on the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck (8).

2. The apparatus for automated laser processing of samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gantry module includes an X-axis linear guide rail (11), a Y-axis moving crossbeam (12), and a Z-axis sliding plate (13). The Y-axis moving crossbeam (12) is located on the upper surface of the base platform (1), the X-axis linear guide rail (11) is slidably located on the Y-axis moving crossbeam (12), and the Z-axis sliding plate (13) is located on the Y-axis moving crossbeam (12).

3. The apparatus for automated laser processing of samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioner (7) includes a drive assembly and a fixed assembly. The drive assembly includes an X-axis drive structure and a Y-axis drive structure. The X-axis drive structure and the Y-axis drive structure are used to drive the fixed assembly to move along the X-axis and Y-axis in the horizontal plane. The fixed assembly is used to connect to a multi-jaw chuck (8).

4. A method for automated laser processing of samples, characterized in that, The apparatus for automated laser processing of specimens according to any one of claims 1-3 includes the following steps: Step S1: If the workpiece to be processed is a plate-shaped part, it is clamped in the plate-shaped part processing station (5); if the workpiece to be processed is a cylindrical part, it is clamped in the multi-jaw chuck (8). Step S2: Based on the processing priority of the workpiece to be processed, trigger the plate-type part processing program or the cylindrical part processing program, and based on the triggered plate-type part processing program or cylindrical part processing program, select one of the corresponding plate-type part processing station (5) or cylindrical part processing station (6) to be in the processing area and the other to be in the non-processing area; Step S3: After the visual inspection equipment is started to position the workpiece to be processed, the laser cutting head (2) and laser marking device (3) are used to cut and / or mark according to the preset process to complete the workpiece to be processed in the current priority processing; Step S4: Repeat steps S1-S3 until all workpieces to be processed are completed.

5. The method for automated laser processing of samples according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, when snapping the plate component, the support frame is in the initial position, one side of the plate component is placed on the reference crossbar, and the other side abuts against the locking crossbar to complete the snapping of the plate component. When clamping the cylindrical part, the end edge of the cylindrical part is clamped by the jaws of the multi-jaw chuck (8). During the clamping process, the clamping force of the jaws is continuously increased, and the tension force of the jaws is collected in real time by the force sensor. When the tension force reaches the preset tension force threshold, the clamping of the cylindrical part is completed.

6. The method for automated laser processing of samples according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset tension force threshold include: ； In the formula, The elastic modulus of the material, The wall thickness of the clamping edge of the cylindrical part. The diameter of the cylinder is... For safety factors, the value is set between 0.3 and 0.

6.

7. The method for automated laser processing of specimens according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, if the plate-shaped part processing program is performed first, the drive unit moves the support frame and the plate-shaped part to the preset processing reference position, and the positioner (7) moves the cylindrical part to the non-processing area. If the cylindrical part processing program is performed first, the positioner (7) moves the processing reference position of the cylindrical part, and the drive unit moves the support frame and the plate-shaped part to the non-processing area.

8. The method for automated laser processing of specimens according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, when the vision inspection device is activated to locate the workpiece to be processed, it performs type identification and spatial positioning of the workpiece to be processed.

9. The method for automated laser processing of specimens according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, when the laser cutting head (2) cuts according to the preset process, the cutting path is preset based on the contour of the pattern, and multiple micro-connection points are set in the cutting path.

10. The method for automated laser processing of a sample according to claim 9, characterized in that, For lightweight designs, there are 1-3 micro-connection points, and for heavy-duty designs, there are 4-6 micro-connection points. The thickness of the micro-connection points is 5-15% of the thickness of the base material, and the width is 0.5-1mm.

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