A metal cutting device and process for electromechanical engineering

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of laser cutting and discloses a metal cutting device and process for electromechanical engineering, wherein the metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering comprises an equipment table, a cross beam installed above the equipment table, a sliding seat installed outside the cross beam and a laser cutting mechanism installed outside the sliding seat, and further comprises a floating avoidance mechanism, wherein the floating avoidance mechanism comprises a floating assembly; when the cutting head collides with the protrusions on the plate surface during movement, the collision force drives the avoidance rod to swing, the upper swing rod is driven to move through the gear pair, the first connecting rope is pulled, the sliding inclined block in the opposite avoidance frame is pulled outwards, the wedge-shaped inclined surface of the sliding inclined block is pulled out of the floating groove slope of the first floating seat, and the wedge-tight locking of the floating assembly is released; after the locking is released, the collision force directly acts on the floating assembly, the telescopic spring in the floating assembly is compressed, and vertical upward displacement is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and more particularly to a metal cutting device and process for electromechanical engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In laser cutting of sheet metal, surface weld beads, deposits, or unevenness can easily cause accidental protrusions that lead to cutting head collisions; meanwhile, the heat generated during continuous operation can cause nozzle expansion and focus drift. Both of these factors severely affect cutting accuracy and equipment safety. Existing solutions often address obstacle avoidance or thermal deformation separately, making it difficult to simultaneously solve these two problems in high-speed continuous operation, resulting in unstable processing quality.

[0003] The existing technology has the following drawbacks: Lack of dynamic obstacle avoidance and cutting posture maintenance mechanisms: Existing mechanical obstacle avoidance devices (such as simple spring buffers or displacement sensor emergency stops) typically only perform a single upward or emergency stop action after being triggered. During this process, the relative posture between the laser cutting head and the sheet surface changes drastically, causing focus shift. Due to the lag in the focus adjustment system's response, it cannot dynamically maintain an effective cutting focal length instantaneously during the obstacle avoidance action, resulting in over-focus or under-focus, severely affecting the cutting quality and continuity of the obstacle-avoidance area and its adjacent areas. This is particularly prominent when cutting sheets with localized, irregular protrusions.

[0004] The inability to achieve real-time compensation for thermal deformation: Existing solutions mostly rely on rigid insulation or open-loop temperature control based on preset parameters, making it difficult to actively compensate for real-time, nonlinear thermal expansion caused by factors such as cutting parameters and sheet reflectivity. The natural elongation of the nozzle after heating is a gradual process. By the time it accumulates enough to trigger conventional temperature control or mechanical compensation mechanisms (such as thermal switches), the focal length has already drifted significantly, forming a passive mode of drifting first and then compensating. This results in a continuous decline in cutting quality over a long period before compensation is triggered, leading to insufficient stability for applications requiring long-term, high-precision continuous operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Given the lack of dynamic obstacle avoidance and cutting posture maintenance mechanisms and the inability to achieve real-time compensation of thermal deformation in existing technologies, a metal cutting device and process for electromechanical engineering is proposed.

[0006] This application provides a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering. Its purpose is to: by integrating a mechanical linkage obstacle avoidance module with pressure sensing and follow-up lifting, combined with a real-time closed-loop compensation mechanism with built-in thermal elements, the cutting head can instantly and dynamically maintain the cutting focal length when it encounters a protrusion in the plate. At the same time, it actively and continuously offsets the thermal expansion of the nozzle, thereby achieving simultaneous protection of obstacle avoidance safety and cutting focal point stability during high-speed continuous operation, significantly improving the continuity and accuracy of processing quality.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering, including a machine platform, a crossbeam installed above the machine platform, a slide installed outside the crossbeam, and a laser cutting mechanism installed outside the slide, and also includes a floating avoidance mechanism, wherein the floating avoidance mechanism includes a floating component and four avoidance frames circumferentially connected to the outer wall of the floating component. The laser cutting mechanism includes a focal length adjustment device, a ceramic heat-insulating base, and a copper nozzle, as well as a compensation component disposed between the ceramic heat-insulating base and the copper nozzle. The floating component is connected between the slide and the focus adjustment device to provide floating buffer. Each of the avoidance frames is provided with an avoidance unit that is triggered to drive the floating component to move. The trigger part extending from the bottom of the avoidance unit is used to trigger the avoidance action in the event of a collision.

[0008] Using the above scheme, through the floating obstacle avoidance mechanism, when the trigger part at the bottom of any obstacle avoidance frame collides with the protrusion of the plate, the collision force activates the mechanical transmission chain inside the obstacle avoidance frame, converting the horizontal collision force and transmitting it to the floating component. The floating component then compresses its internal spring and generates a vertical displacement. Since the floating component is directly connected to the focus adjustment device, the entire laser cutting mechanism is lifted synchronously as a whole. At this time, the effective cutting focus of the laser focus relative to the surface of the plate is dynamically maintained during obstacle avoidance, avoiding over-focusing or under-focusing.

[0009] Furthermore, the floating assembly includes a fixed seat installed inside the slide, and a first floating seat and a second floating seat are slidably connected to the bottom of the fixed seat in sequence. The bottom of the second floating seat is fixedly connected to the top of the focus adjustment device. A telescopic spring is fixedly connected between the first floating seat and the fixed seat, and between the first floating seat and the second floating seat. Floating grooves are provided at the top and bottom of the first floating seat, and the inner walls of the opposite sides of each floating groove are slopes.

[0010] Using the above scheme, the floating components, in the initial state, have opposing sliding wedges inserted into the floating grooves and wedged tightly against the ramp. Together with the preload of the telescopic springs, they lock each floating seat, ensuring the rigidity and stable working height of the laser cutting mechanism. During obstacle avoidance, the obstacle avoidance rod triggers the transmission chain, pulling the sliding wedges outwards and out of the floating grooves, releasing the constraint. The collision force forces the floating seats upwards, compressing the springs to store energy. After the obstacle is cleared, the springs release energy, pushing the floating seats to quickly reset; simultaneously, the reset mechanism drives the sliding wedges to re-insert and wed tightly, restoring the system to its initial locked state.

[0011] Furthermore, the two upper avoidance frames are fixedly connected to the first floating seat, and the two lower avoidance frames are fixedly connected to the second floating seat. Each avoidance frame has a sliding inclined block slidably connected inside, and the inclined surface of the sliding inclined block slides in cooperation with the corresponding slope. The inside of the avoidance frame is rotatably connected to a free toothed shaft and a torsion spring toothed shaft. The gear on the free toothed shaft meshes with the gear on the torsion spring toothed shaft. An upper swing rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the free toothed shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer wall of the torsion spring toothed shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the avoidance rod, the inner wall of the avoidance frame is provided with a limit groove, the avoidance rod is located inside the limit groove, and a rubber head is fixedly connected to the bottom of the avoidance rod.

[0013] Using the above scheme, when the rubber head at the bottom of the obstacle avoidance rod collides with the protrusion, the obstacle avoidance rod swings around the toothed shaft of the torsion spring, driving the shaft to rotate. This rotation, via a gear pair, drives the free toothed shaft to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the upper swing arm to swing. The upper swing arm, through rope transmission, pulls the opposing sliding block outward, causing its inclined surface to retract along the slope, releasing the lock on the floating seat and allowing the laser cutting mechanism to float upward as a whole to avoid the obstacle. Each component, under the action of the reset mechanism, can return to its initial meshing and wedging state.

[0014] Furthermore, the floating avoidance mechanism includes a first connecting rope, a fixed block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the avoidance frame, one end of the first connecting rope is fixedly connected to the upper swing rod, its path passes around the fixed block and the free toothed rotating shaft, passes through the avoidance frame and is fixedly connected to the sliding inclined block in another avoidance frame arranged opposite to it.

[0015] Furthermore, the floating avoidance mechanism also includes a second connecting rope, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding inclined block, and its path passes through the avoidance frame and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the corresponding avoidance rod.

[0016] Using the above scheme, through the first and second connecting ropes, when one side of the avoidance bar collides with the protrusion, the upper swing rod is driven by gears to swing. The upper swing rod pulls the first connecting rope, which in turn pulls the sliding block inside the opposite avoidance frame to move outward, completing the collision on one side and unlocking the other side. When the sliding block moves, the second connecting rope at its bottom tightens, pulling the upper part of the avoidance bar on the same side, ensuring that the movements of the avoidance bars on both sides are coordinated and consistent, and preventing tilting due to asynchronous movements when the mechanism floats up.

[0017] Furthermore, the compensation component includes a compensation ring, the outer wall of which is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the ceramic heat insulation base. A ceramic heat insulation ring and two opposing bimetallic strips are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the compensation ring. Two opposing inclined push plates are slidably connected to the inner wall of the ceramic heat insulation ring. The bimetallic strips abut against the corresponding inclined push plates. The inner wall of the copper nozzle has two opposing inclined push grooves. The end of the inclined push plate away from the bimetallic strip is slidably connected to the inner wall of the corresponding inclined push groove.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner wall of the compensation ring is slidably connected to two opposing heat-conducting plates, and the inside of the compensation ring is rotatably connected to two opposing locking shafts. The outer wall of the locking shaft is fixedly connected to a locking rod. One end of the locking rod abuts against the bottom of the corresponding heat-conducting plate, and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the copper nozzle. The heat-conducting plate is in thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic strip.

[0019] Using the above scheme, through the compensation components, initially, the locking rod simultaneously abuts against the heat-conducting plate and the nozzle, locking the mechanism. During cutting, the nozzle expands radially due to heat, pushing open the locking rod and releasing the heat-conducting plate it supports. The heat-conducting plate slides down and comes into close thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic strip. The bimetallic strip bends due to heat, pushing the inclined push plate to slide inward along the ceramic heat insulation ring. The end of the inclined push plate inserts into the inclined push groove on the inner wall of the nozzle. The inclined surface converts the thrust into an upward component force. This force pushes the nozzle, which naturally moves downward due to thermal expansion, upward by a small displacement, dynamically compensating for its axial elongation, thereby maintaining a constant laser cutting focal length. The ceramic heat insulation ring isolates heat and ensures the guiding accuracy of the inclined push plate.

[0020] Furthermore, a plate sample is provided on the top of the equipment platform, and the plate sample is located below the copper nozzle.

[0021] Another aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The equipment platform supports the sample of the plate to be cut, and the crossbeam and slide block move to position the laser cutting mechanism to carry out the cutting operation; Step 2: If there is a protrusion in the plate sample, the trigger part at the bottom of any avoidance unit collides with the protruding part of the plate sample. Step 3: The collision force triggers the mechanical transmission chain within the obstacle; Step 4: The transmission chain moves, releasing the locking constraint of the floating component; Step 5: Under the action of the collision force, the floating component causes the laser cutting mechanism connected to it to float upwards as a whole; Step Six: The laser cutting mechanism floats upwards as a whole, thereby dynamically maintaining the effective cutting focal length between the laser focus and the surface of the material during obstacle avoidance; Step 7: During the cutting process, the axial thermal deformation of the copper nozzle caused by heat is automatically compensated using the compensation component.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are: By means of a floating avoidance mechanism, when the cutting head collides with a protrusion on the surface of the plate during its movement, the collision force drives the avoidance rod to swing, which in turn drives the upper swing rod to move via a gear pair. This pulls the first connecting rope, which in turn pulls the sliding block inside the opposing avoidance frame to move outward, causing its wedge-shaped inclined surface to exit from the floating groove slope of the first floating seat, thus releasing the wedge-locked floating component. After the lock is released, the collision force acts directly on the floating component, compressing its internal telescopic spring, thereby generating a vertical upward displacement. Since the floating component is rigidly connected to the laser cutting mechanism through the second floating seat, the entire cutting head can be raised synchronously as a whole, smoothly avoiding obstacles. After passing the obstacle, with the precise cooperation of the spring reset force and the rope transmission mechanism, the sliding block resets and re-wedges, and all components quickly return to their initial locked state.

[0023] By synchronously displacing the floating components, the relative working distance between the copper nozzle and the material surface is dynamically maintained constant during obstacle avoidance, ensuring the real-time stability of the laser's effective working focal length and fundamentally preventing instantaneous over-focusing or under-focusing caused by localized impacts. Therefore, even when dealing with uneven materials, the laser focus remains at its optimal position on the material surface, resulting in consistent depth and a smooth, uniform cut. This significantly improves the cutting system's adaptability to complex working conditions and surface defects, ensuring the continuity and stability of processing quality.

[0024] With its compensation components, the device automatically responds when the copper nozzle expands due to heat, causing a shortening of the focal length. The nozzle expands radially, pushing open the locking rod and bringing the heat-conducting plate into contact with the bimetallic strip for heat transfer. The bimetallic strip bends under heat, pushing the inclined push plate horizontally. Its end inserts into the nozzle's inclined push groove, converting the horizontal thrust into a vertical upward component, thus compensating for the nozzle's thermal expansion and stabilizing the laser's effective working focal length at the set value. This achieves real-time, automatic focusing during the cutting process, effectively solving the problem of focal length drift caused by thermal deformation during prolonged operation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the slide block structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the floating component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the avoidance frame of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the avoidance bar of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic spring structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the sliding inclined block of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the first connecting rope of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the floating obstacle avoidance mechanism of the present invention in operation. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the copper nozzle of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the compensation ring structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the operating state of the compensation component of the present invention.

[0026] In the picture: 1. Equipment platform; 2. Crossbeam; 3. Slide; 4. Plate sample; 5. Floating avoidance mechanism; 51. Floating assembly; 511. Fixed seat; 512. First floating seat; 513. Second floating seat; 514. Floating groove; 515. Telescopic spring; 516. Ramp; 52. Avoidance frame; 521. Fixed block; 522. Limiting groove; 523. Free toothed shaft; 524. Torsion spring toothed shaft; 53. Upper swing arm; 54. Slide 55. Moving inclined block; 56. Avoidance rod; 57. Rubber head; 58. First connecting rope; 59. Second connecting rope; 60. Laser cutting mechanism; 61. Focus adjustment device; 62. Ceramic heat insulation base; 63. Copper nozzle; 64. Inclined push groove; 65. Compensation component; 66. Compensation ring; 67. Ceramic heat insulation ring; 68. Heat conducting plate; 69. Inclined push plate; 60. Bimetallic strip; 61. Locking shaft; 62. Locking rod. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 12 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering, including a machine platform 1, a crossbeam 2 installed above the machine platform 1, a slide 3 installed outside the crossbeam 2, and a laser cutting mechanism 6 installed outside the slide 3. It also includes a floating avoidance mechanism 5, which includes a floating component 51 and four avoidance frames 52 circumferentially connected to the outer wall of the floating component 51.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 - Figure 10The laser cutting mechanism 6 includes a focal length adjustment device 61, a ceramic heat insulation base 62, and a copper nozzle 63, as well as a compensation component 64 disposed between the ceramic heat insulation base 62 and the copper nozzle 63; the floating component 51 is connected between the slide 3 and the focal length adjustment device 61 to provide floating buffer; each avoidance frame 52 is provided with an avoidance unit that is triggered to drive the floating component 51 to move; the triggering part extending from the bottom of the avoidance unit is used to trigger the avoidance action in the event of a collision.

[0030] Specifically, the floating component 51 provides a compressible and recoverable mechanical elastic connection. When driven, it can drive the entire laser cutting mechanism 6 to float vertically to achieve emergency avoidance. After the driving force disappears, it can automatically reset and restore the normal cutting height. The four avoidance frames 52 constitute the sensing and triggering network of the mechanism. Each avoidance frame 52 is an independent sensing and force transmission unit. The avoidance unit and the triggering part extending from the bottom are responsible for capturing the mechanical signal of the collision when it comes into contact with the plate protrusion in any circumferential direction and transmitting it to the floating component 51, thereby initiating the obstacle avoidance action. The compensation component 64 is a precision mechanism for real-time compensation of thermal deformation. It senses the temperature change of the copper nozzle 63 through the internal thermal element and generates a reverse mechanical displacement in real time to actively and continuously compensate for the thermal expansion of the nozzle and ensure the stability of the focal length.

[0031] With the floating obstacle avoidance mechanism 5 in place, when the trigger part at the bottom of any obstacle avoidance frame 52 collides with the protrusion of the plate, the collision force activates the mechanical transmission chain inside the obstacle avoidance frame 52, converting the horizontal collision force and transmitting it to the floating component 51. The floating component 51 then compresses its internal spring and generates a vertical displacement. Since the floating component 51 is directly connected to the focus adjustment device 61, the entire laser cutting mechanism 6 is lifted synchronously as a whole. At this time, the effective cutting focus of the laser focus relative to the surface of the plate is dynamically maintained during obstacle avoidance, avoiding over-focusing or under-focusing.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 - Figure 9 The floating assembly 51 includes a fixed seat 511 installed inside the slide 3. The bottom of the fixed seat 511 is slidably connected to a first floating seat 512 and a second floating seat 513. The bottom of the second floating seat 513 is fixedly connected to the top of the focus adjustment device 61. A telescopic spring 515 is fixedly connected between the first floating seat 512 and the fixed seat 511, and between the first floating seat 512 and the second floating seat 513. The top and bottom of the first floating seat 512 are provided with floating grooves 514, and the inner walls of the opposite sides of each floating groove 514 are slopes 516.

[0033] In the initial state, the opposing sliding wedges 54, via the floating assembly 51, insert into the floating groove 514 and wedge tightly against the ramp 516. Together with the preload of the telescopic spring 515, they lock each floating seat, ensuring the rigidity and stable working height of the laser cutting mechanism 6. During obstacle avoidance, the obstacle avoidance rod 55 triggers the transmission chain, pulling the sliding wedges 54 outwards from the floating groove 514, releasing the constraint. The collision force forces the floating seats upwards, compressing the telescopic spring 515 to store energy. After the obstacle is cleared, the spring releases energy, pushing the floating seats to quickly reset; simultaneously, the reset mechanism drives the sliding wedges 54 to re-insert and wed tightly, restoring the system to its initial locked state.

[0034] Reference Figure 3 - Figure 9 The two upper clearance frames 52 are fixedly connected to the first floating seat 512, and the two lower clearance frames 52 are fixedly connected to the second floating seat 513. Each clearance frame 52 has a sliding inclined block 54 slidably connected inside. The inclined surface of the sliding inclined block 54 is slidably engaged with the corresponding slope 516. The clearance frame 52 is rotatably connected to a free toothed shaft 523 and a torsion spring toothed shaft 524. The gear on the free toothed shaft 523 meshes with the gear on the torsion spring toothed shaft 524. The outer wall of the free toothed shaft 523 is fixedly connected to an upper swing rod 53. The outer wall of the torsion spring toothed shaft 524 is fixedly connected to the top of the clearance rod 55. The inner wall of the clearance frame 52 has a limit groove 522. The clearance rod 55 is located inside the limit groove 522. The bottom of the clearance rod 55 is fixedly connected to a rubber head 56.

[0035] When the rubber head 56 at the bottom of the obstacle avoidance rod 55 collides with the protrusion via the obstacle avoidance bracket 52, the obstacle avoidance rod 55 swings around the torsion spring toothed shaft 524, driving the shaft to rotate. This rotation, in turn, drives the free toothed shaft 523 to rotate in the opposite direction via a gear pair, causing the upper swing rod 53 to swing. The upper swing rod 53, through rope transmission, pulls the opposing sliding block 54 outward, causing its inclined surface to retract along the ramp 516, releasing the lock on the floating seat and allowing the laser cutting mechanism 6 to float upward as a whole to avoid the obstacle. Each component can then return to its initial meshing and wedging state under the action of the reset mechanism.

[0036] Reference Figure 3 - Figure 9 The floating avoidance mechanism 5 includes a first connecting rope 57. A fixing block 521 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the avoidance frame 52. One end of the first connecting rope 57 is fixedly connected to the upper swing rod 53. Its path passes around the fixing block 521 and the free toothed rotating shaft 523, passes through the avoidance frame 52, and is fixedly connected to the sliding inclined block 54 in another avoidance frame 52 arranged opposite to it. The floating avoidance mechanism 5 also includes a second connecting rope 58. One end of the second connecting rope 58 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding inclined block 54. Its path passes through the avoidance frame 52 and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the corresponding avoidance rod 55.

[0037] With the first connecting rope 57 and the second connecting rope 58 in place, when one side of the avoidance bar 55 collides with the protrusion, the upper swing rod 53 is driven by gears to swing. The upper swing rod 53 pulls the first connecting rope 57, which in turn pulls the sliding inclined block 54 inside the opposing avoidance frame 52 to move outward, completing the collision on one side and unlocking the other side. When the sliding inclined block 54 moves, the second connecting rope 58 at its bottom is tightened, pulling the upper part of the avoidance bar 55 on the same side, ensuring that the movements of the two avoidance bars 55 are coordinated and consistent, and preventing tilting due to asynchronous movements when the mechanism floats up.

[0038] Reference Figure 10 - Figure 12 The compensation component 64 includes a compensation ring 641, the outer wall of which is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the ceramic heat insulation base 62. The inner wall of the compensation ring 641 is fixedly connected to a ceramic heat insulation ring 642 and two opposing bimetallic strips 645. The inner wall of the ceramic heat insulation ring 642 is slidably connected to two opposing inclined push plates 644. The bimetallic strips 645 abut against the corresponding inclined push plates 644. The inner wall of the copper nozzle 63 has two opposing inclined push grooves 631. The inclined push plates 644 are located away from the bimetallic strips 645. One end of the metal sheet 645 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the corresponding inclined push groove 631; two opposing heat-conducting plates 643 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the compensation ring 641; two opposing locking shafts 646 are rotatably connected inside the compensation ring 641; a locking rod 647 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the locking shaft 646; one end of the locking rod 647 abuts against the bottom of the corresponding heat-conducting plate 643; the other end abuts against the outer wall of the copper nozzle 63; and the heat-conducting plate 643 is in thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic sheet 645.

[0039] Specifically, the bimetallic strip 645 is the thermally sensitive driving element of this mechanism. Its fixed end establishes a heat conduction path with the heat source through the heat-conducting plate 643. After absorbing heat, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the two metals, it will bend towards the inclined push plate 644, thereby generating mechanical thrust. The function of the heat-conducting plate 643 is heat conduction and state switching. Initially, it is supported by the locking rod 647. At this time, the heat conduction efficiency is low, and the compensation mechanism is in standby mode. When the copper nozzle 63 expands due to heat and squeezes the locking rod 647, the heat-conducting plate 643 loses support and slides down, forming a tight and stable thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic strip 645, thereby efficiently conducting the heat of the nozzle to the bimetallic strip 645 and triggering its bending deformation.

[0040] Initially, the locking rod 647, through the compensation component 64, simultaneously abuts against the heat-conducting plate 643 and the copper nozzle 63, locking the mechanism. During cutting, the copper nozzle 63 expands radially due to heat, pushing the locking rod 647 open and releasing the heat-conducting plate 643 it supports. The heat-conducting plate 643 slides down and comes into close thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic strip 645. The bimetallic strip 645 bends due to heat, pushing the inclined push plate 644 to slide inward along the ceramic heat insulation ring 642. The end of the inclined push plate 644 is inserted into the inclined push groove 631 on the inner wall of the copper nozzle 63. The inclined surface converts the thrust into an upward component force. This force pushes the copper nozzle 63, which naturally moves downward due to thermal expansion, upward by a slight displacement, dynamically compensating for its axial elongation, thereby maintaining a constant laser cutting focal length. The ceramic heat insulation ring 642 isolates heat and ensures the guiding accuracy of the inclined push plate 644.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 3 A plate sample 4 is placed on the top of the equipment platform 1, and the plate sample 4 is located below the copper nozzle 63.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 12 The second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering, which employs a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering and includes the following steps: Step 1: The equipment platform 1 carries the sample 4 of the plate to be cut, and the crossbeam 2 and the slide 3 move and position the laser cutting mechanism 6 to carry out the cutting operation; Step 2: If there is a protrusion in the plate sample 4, the trigger part at the bottom of any avoidance unit collides with the protruding part of the plate sample 4. Step 3: The collision force triggers the mechanical transmission chain within the avoidance frame 52; Step 4: The transmission chain moves, releasing the locking constraint of the floating component 51; Step 5: Under the action of the collision force, the floating component 51 drives the laser cutting mechanism 6 connected to it to float upward as a whole; Step Six: The laser cutting mechanism 6 floats up as a whole, thereby dynamically maintaining the effective cutting focal length between the laser focus and the surface of the material during obstacle avoidance; Step 7: During the cutting process, the compensation component 64 is used to automatically compensate for the axial thermal deformation of the copper nozzle 63 caused by heat.

[0043] Working principle of the invention: During operation, the equipment platform 1 carries the sample 4 to be cut, and the crossbeam 2 drives the slide 3 to move, precisely positioning the laser cutting mechanism 6 installed outside the slide 3. At this stage, the compensation ring 641 is threaded onto the ceramic heat-insulating base 62, and internally fixed with the ceramic heat-insulating ring 642 and the bimetallic strip 645, and equipped with a sliding heat-conducting plate 643 and a locking shaft 646 with a locking rod 647. One end of the locking rod 647 abuts against the heat-conducting plate 643, and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the copper nozzle 63, forming an initial mechanical locking position, and the entire compensation mechanism is in a ready-to-trigger state.

[0044] If the surface of the plate sample 4 is unexpectedly protruding during the cutting process, the rubber head 56 at the bottom of the avoidance rod 55 on one side will collide with it. The collision force will cause the avoidance rod 55 to swing obliquely upward, which will drive the torsion spring toothed shaft 524 fixed at its top to rotate. This shaft drives the free toothed shaft 523 to rotate in the opposite direction through a gear pair, which in turn drives the upper swing rod 53 to swing.

[0045] The upper swing arm 53 swings to tighten the first connecting rope 57. The rope path passes through the fixed block 521 and the free toothed rotating shaft 523 inside the avoidance frame 52, and then connects to the sliding inclined block 54 inside the opposite avoidance frame 52, thereby realizing the function of single-sided collision linkage with the opposite side mechanism. At the same time, the movement of the sliding inclined block 54 pulls the upper part of the same-side avoidance rod 55 through the second connecting rope 58, ensuring that the avoidance actions on both sides are synchronized and preventing the mechanism from tilting.

[0046] The sliding block 54 slides in a direction away from the center of the floating groove 514. Its inclined surface cooperates with the slope 516 of the inner wall of the first floating seat 512 floating groove 514, which increases the gap of the floating groove 514. Since the bottom of the second floating seat 513 is fixed to the top of the focus adjustment device 61, the laser cutting mechanism 6 floats up as a whole to avoid the protrusion. During this process, the focus adjustment device 61 works in real time to dynamically adjust the laser focus to ensure that its effective cutting focus relative to the surface of the plate remains stable, thereby ensuring the cutting quality during obstacle crossing.

[0047] After passing the protrusion, the impact force disappears, the compressed telescopic spring 515 releases its elastic energy, and pushes the floating seat back to its original position. Each avoidance unit also returns to its initial position under the action of its torsion spring, and the system returns to the normal cutting height.

[0048] The high temperature generated by continuous cutting causes the copper nozzle 63 to expand. On the one hand, the radial expansion compresses the locking rod 647, and on the other hand, the axial downward extension shortens the actual working focal length. The compressed locking rod 647 rotates slightly, releasing the support for the heat-conducting plate 643. The unsupported heat-conducting plate 643 slides down the inner wall of the compensation ring 641 under the action of gravity, thus forming a stable thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic strip 645. The heat-conducting plate 643 absorbs the heat around the nozzle and quickly conducts it to the bimetallic strip 645.

[0049] The bimetallic strip 645 bends due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the two metals, and the bending direction points to the side where the inclined push plate 644 is fixed. The thrust generated by the bending pushes the inclined push plate 644 to slide inward under the guidance of the ceramic heat insulation ring 642. The end of the inclined push plate 644 that has slid in abuts against the inclined push groove 631 on the inner wall of the copper nozzle 63. Through the inclined surface cooperation, the horizontal thrust is decomposed and a vertical upward component force is generated to continuously act on the copper nozzle 63.

[0050] The force drives the copper nozzle 63 to produce a small upward displacement opposite to the direction of thermal expansion. This upward displacement cancels out the natural downward displacement of the copper nozzle 63 caused by heating in real time, dynamically maintaining the preset cutting focal length between the laser focus and the plate sample 4, eliminating the negative impact of thermal deformation on the cutting quality, and ensuring the stability of long-term operation.

[0051] During maintenance, the copper nozzle 63 is replaced and the compensation assembly 64 is reset.

[0052] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering, comprising a platform (1), a crossbeam (2) mounted above the platform (1), a slide (3) mounted outside the crossbeam (2), and a laser cutting mechanism (6) mounted outside the slide (3), characterized in that: It also includes a floating avoidance mechanism (5), which includes a floating component (51) and four avoidance frames (52) circumferentially connected to the outer wall of the floating component (51). The laser cutting mechanism (6) includes a focal length adjustment device (61), a ceramic heat insulation base (62) and a copper nozzle (63), as well as a compensation component (64) disposed between the ceramic heat insulation base (62) and the copper nozzle (63). The floating component (51) is connected between the slide (3) and the focus adjustment device (61) to provide floating buffer. Each of the avoidance frames (52) is provided with an avoidance unit that is triggered to drive the floating component (51) to move. The trigger part extending from the bottom of the avoidance unit is used to trigger the avoidance action in the event of a collision.

2. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating assembly (51) includes a fixed seat (511) installed inside the slide (3). The bottom of the fixed seat (511) is slidably connected to a first floating seat (512) and a second floating seat (513). The bottom of the second floating seat (513) is fixedly connected to the top of the focus adjustment device (61). A telescopic spring (515) is fixedly connected between the first floating seat (512) and the fixed seat (511), and between the first floating seat (512) and the second floating seat (513). The top and bottom of the first floating seat (512) are provided with floating grooves (514). The inner walls of the opposite sides of each floating groove (514) are slopes (516).

3. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two upper clearance frames (52) are fixedly connected to the first floating seat (512), and the two lower clearance frames (52) are fixedly connected to the second floating seat (513). Each clearance frame (52) has a sliding inclined block (54) slidably connected inside. The inclined surface of the sliding inclined block (54) is slidably engaged with the corresponding slope (516). The clearance frame (52) is rotatably connected to a free toothed shaft (523) and a torsion spring toothed shaft (524). The gear on the free toothed shaft (523) meshes with the gear on the torsion spring toothed shaft (524). The outer wall of the free toothed shaft (523) is fixedly connected to an upper swing rod (53).

4. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the torsion spring toothed shaft (524) is fixedly connected to the top of the avoidance rod (55). The inner wall of the avoidance frame (52) is provided with a limiting groove (522). The avoidance rod (55) is located inside the limiting groove (522). A rubber head (56) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the avoidance rod (55).

5. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that: The floating avoidance mechanism (5) includes a first connecting rope (57), and a fixed block (521) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the avoidance frame (52). One end of the first connecting rope (57) is fixedly connected to the upper swing rod (53). Its path passes around the fixed block (521) and the free toothed rotating shaft (523), passes through the avoidance frame (52), and is fixedly connected to the sliding inclined block (54) in another avoidance frame (52) arranged opposite to it.

6. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The floating avoidance mechanism (5) also includes a second connecting rope (58), one end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding inclined block (54), and its path passes through the avoidance frame (52) and is fixedly connected to the upper part of the corresponding avoidance rod (55).

7. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation component (64) includes a compensation ring (641), the outer wall of which is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the ceramic heat insulation base (62). The inner wall of the compensation ring (641) is fixedly connected to a ceramic heat insulation ring (642) and two opposing bimetallic strips (645). The inner wall of the ceramic heat insulation ring (642) is slidably connected to two opposing inclined push plates (644). The bimetallic strips (645) abut against the corresponding inclined push plates (644). The inner wall of the copper nozzle (63) is provided with two opposing inclined push grooves (631). The end of the inclined push plate (644) away from the bimetallic strip (645) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the corresponding inclined push groove (631).

8. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the compensation ring (641) is slidably connected to two opposing heat-conducting plates (643). The inside of the compensation ring (641) is rotatably connected to two opposing locking shafts (646). The outer wall of the locking shaft (646) is fixedly connected to a locking rod (647). One end of the locking rod (647) abuts against the bottom of the corresponding heat-conducting plate (643), and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the copper nozzle (63). The heat-conducting plate (643) is in thermal contact with the fixed end of the bimetallic strip (645).

9. The metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plate sample (4) is provided on the top of the equipment platform (1), and the plate sample (4) is located below the copper nozzle (63).

10. A manufacturing process for a metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering, employing the metal cutting device for electromechanical engineering as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The equipment platform (1) carries the sample plate to be cut (4), and the crossbeam (2) and the slide (3) move and position the laser cutting mechanism (6) to carry out the cutting operation; Step 2: If there is a protrusion in the plate sample (4), the trigger part at the bottom of any avoidance unit collides with the protruding part of the plate sample (4); Step 3: The collision force triggers the mechanical transmission chain within the avoidance frame (52); Step 4: The transmission chain moves, releasing the locking constraint of the floating component (51); Step 5: Under the action of the collision force, the floating component (51) drives the laser cutting mechanism (6) connected to it to float up as a whole; Step 6: The laser cutting mechanism (6) floats up as a whole, thereby dynamically maintaining the effective cutting focal length between the laser focus and the surface of the plate during obstacle avoidance; Step 7: During the cutting process, the compensation component (64) is used to automatically compensate for the axial thermal deformation of the copper nozzle (63) caused by heat.

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