A laser cutting machine for machining high-iron metal fittings

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of laser cutting machines of high iron metal fittings processing, it is related to laser cutting equipment field, including: laser cutting table and fixed in the top of laser cutting table three-axis moving frame body, laser cutting focusing head is fixed hoisting in the outside of three-axis moving frame body, the top of laser cutting table is also fixed and erected motor, and the output end of motor is fixedly assembled with limit disc, the end of limit disc away from motor is also fixedly provided with lug, in the application, high iron thick pipe fittings is limited after being fixed by fastening unit, then graphite sleeve is inserted into the inside of high iron thick pipe fittings, and keep notch in upward state, when laser beam of laser cutting focusing head is vertically downward to high iron thick pipe fittings and carries out laser cutting, high temperature slag produced by laser melting can directly enter the inside of graphite sleeve through notch, so that high temperature slag directly contacts with the inner wall of high iron thick pipe fittings, to cause the phenomenon that the inner wall of high iron thick pipe fittings appears welding slag accumulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting equipment, specifically a laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed rail carriages and underframes contain thick-walled pipes, such as high-strength carbon steel pipes or alloy steel thick-walled pipes. These thick-walled pipes require laser cutting machines to create mounting holes or U-shaped grooves for hollowing out.

[0003] When laser cutting machines process thick-walled pipes for high-speed rail, a large amount of molten slag adheres to the inner wall of the pipe. Once the slag cools and hardens, it is difficult to remove from the inner wall. The slag agglomerates increase the overall weight of the pipe and hinder subsequent assembly, wiring, and pipeline connection processes. Furthermore, grinding and cleaning the inner wall of the pipe later increases the processing time for thick-walled pipes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts, comprising: a laser cutting table and a three-axis moving frame fixed above the laser cutting table, wherein a laser cutting focusing head is fixedly suspended on the outside of the three-axis moving frame, the three-axis moving frame is used to drive the laser cutting focusing head to move laterally, longitudinally, and axially, the three-axis moving frame is a common three-axis drive platform on the market, a motor is also fixedly mounted on the top of the laser cutting table, and a limiting plate is fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor, a protrusion is fixedly provided on the end of the limiting plate away from the motor, and a thick high-speed rail pipe is hung on the outside of the protrusion, the limiting plate and the protrusion are symmetrical two-part structure designs;

[0006] It also includes: a fastening unit for concentrically fixing the high-speed rail thick tube to the output shaft of the motor, the fastening unit being disposed inside the protrusion, and the limiting plate also having an adjustment unit for driving the fastening unit inside;

[0007] A slag isolation unit is provided to prevent slag from adhering to the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe during laser cutting. The slag isolation unit includes a graphite sleeve, which is inserted into the inside of the high-speed rail thick pipe. A slot is provided on the top of the graphite sleeve, which is located below the cutting trajectory of the high-speed rail thick pipe. A guide component is also provided on the upper surface of the laser cutting table to support the graphite sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the guiding component includes a limiting frame fixed to the upper surface of the laser cutting table, and the high-speed rail thick pipe is located between the limiting frame and the motor. A rotating shaft is rotatably mounted inside the limiting frame, and a transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the rotating shaft. Two right-angled racks are distributed in a circular array on the outside of the transmission gear. The transmission gear and the right-angled racks are both distributed inside the limiting frame. The transmission gear meshes with the long side portions of the two right-angled racks simultaneously, and the surface of the long side portion of the right-angled rack is also provided with a vertical straight groove. A protrusion is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the limiting frame and slidably mounted with the straight groove. Two parallel optical axes are fixedly inserted into the short side portion of each right-angled rack. Two rollers are rotatably mounted on the outer surface of each optical axis, and the two rollers are symmetrical about the output end of the motor. The axis of the rotating shaft intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the output end of the motor.

[0009] Preferably, the actuation component includes a worm gear fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, and a worm is drivenly mounted on the outer side of the worm gear. The worm is rotatably mounted on the side of the limiting sleeve away from the roller, and a first dial wheel is fixed to the end of the worm. The end face of the first dial wheel has an internal hexagonal groove.

[0010] Preferably, the fastening unit includes a screw rotatably mounted inside the protrusion. The protrusion is hollow, and a threaded sleeve is slidably mounted inside the protrusion. The threaded sleeve is threaded onto the outside of the screw. Two trapezoidal slots are circumferentially distributed on the outer surface of the protrusion. The trapezoidal slots are right-angled trapezoids, and the end face of the trapezoidal slot near the motor is inclined. Two sets of support rods are elastically rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the threaded sleeve through a pin and a torsion spring. There are two sets of support rods. A ball is fixedly provided at the end of each support rod away from the threaded sleeve, and the ball is in sliding contact with the inclined portion. The two trapezoidal slots are distributed front to back, and each set of support rods is correspondingly distributed in the two trapezoidal slots.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment unit includes a rotating shaft rotatably disposed inside the limiting disk, with one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the limiting disk. A second rotary wheel is fixedly disposed at the exposed end of the rotating shaft. The axis of the rotating shaft intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the screw. Helical gears are fixedly sleeved on the end of the screw near the motor and on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, and the two helical gears mesh with each other.

[0012] Preferably, a movable ratchet gear is fixedly sleeved at the end of the rotating shaft away from the second gear wheel, and two pull rods are slidably inserted at the end of the limiting plate away from the second gear wheel. A limiting sleeve block is fixedly provided at one end of the two pull rods located inside the limiting plate, and a lever block is fixedly provided at the other end. A spring is fixed between the end of the limiting sleeve block away from the rotating shaft and the limiting plate. A plurality of ratchet grooves are provided on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve block in a circumferentially equidistant manner. The movable ratchet gear is located on the inner side of the limiting sleeve block and is movably engaged with the ratchet grooves.

[0013] Preferably, the open port edge of the limiting sleeve is provided with a chamfered portion.

[0014] Preferably, a perforated plate is fixedly provided on the end face of the slot near the motor, and a plurality of air holes are opened on the end face of the limiting plate away from the motor, and the air holes are distributed on the outer periphery of the protrusion. A central hole is opened in the port of the output end of the motor, and the central hole communicates with the interior of the limiting plate. A screw-fit sleeve is rotatably fitted on the outer surface of the output end of the motor, and a connecting air nozzle is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the screw-fit sleeve. A plurality of hollow grooves are opened on the outside of the central hole corresponding to the covering part of the screw-fit sleeve.

[0015] Preferably, a waste bin is distributed on the outer side of the laser cutting table, and a linear guide is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the waste bin. A slider that slides with the linear guide is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the laser cutting table. The linear guide is parallel to the output axis of the motor. An elbow pipe is fixedly connected to the upper end of the waste bin. Several air holes are opened on the outer surface of the upper end of the waste bin in a circular and equidistant manner.

[0016] Preferably, the center of the end of the elbow pipe away from the waste bin coincides with the axis of the output end of the motor, and the outer diameter of the graphite sleeve is smaller than the inner diameter of the elbow pipe.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] In this invention, after the high-speed rail thick pipe is constrained by the fastening unit, the graphite sleeve is inserted into the interior of the high-speed rail thick pipe and the groove is kept facing upward. When the laser beam of the laser cutting focusing head is vertically downward to laser cut the high-speed rail thick pipe, the high-temperature slag generated by the laser melting will directly enter the interior of the graphite sleeve through the groove, thereby avoiding the high-temperature slag from directly contacting the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe and causing the phenomenon of weld slag accumulation on the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the graphite sleeve structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the limiting sleeve of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the perforated plate structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protrusion in this invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the strut in the deployed state of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the limiting disk of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the movable ratchet gear and ratchet groove structure of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Laser cutting table; 2. Three-axis moving frame; 3. Laser cutting focusing head; 4. Motor; 5. Limiting plate; 6. High-speed rail thick pipe fitting; 7. Graphite sleeve; 8. Waste bin; 9. Elbow pipe; 10. Linear guide; 11. Air hole; 12. Limiting sleeve frame; 13. Right-angle rack; 14. Straight groove; 15. Transmission gear; 16. Optical axis; 17. Roller; 18. Rotating shaft; 19. Worm gear; 20. Worm; 2 1. Groove; 22. Mesh plate; 23. Protrusion; 24. Trapezoidal slot; 25. Screw; 26. Threaded sleeve; 27. Support rod; 28. Ball block; 29. ​​Shaft; 30. Helical gear; 31. Screw-fit sleeve; 32. Connecting air nozzle; 33. Hollowed-out groove; 34. Pulley block; 35. Limiting sleeve; 36. Pull rod; 37. Spring; 38. Racket groove; 39. Movable ratchet; 40. Inclined part; 41. Air hole. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-8The diagram shows a laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts, including: a laser cutting table 1 and a three-axis moving frame 2 fixed above the laser cutting table 1. A laser cutting focusing head 3 is fixedly suspended on the outside of the three-axis moving frame 2. The three-axis moving frame 2 is used to drive the laser cutting focusing head 3 to move laterally, longitudinally, and axially. The three-axis moving frame 2 is a common three-axis drive platform on the market. A motor 4 is also fixedly mounted on the top of the laser cutting table 1, and a limit plate 5 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor 4. The motor 4 is a geared motor with a self-locking function. A protrusion 23 is fixedly set on the end of the limit plate 5 away from the motor 4, and a high-speed rail thick pipe 6 is hung on the outside of the protrusion 23. The limit plate 5 and the protrusion 23 are symmetrical two-part structure designs.

[0030] It also includes: a fastening unit for concentrically fixing the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 and the output shaft of the motor 4. The fastening unit is located inside the protrusion 23, and the limiting plate 5 is also provided with an adjustment unit for driving the fastening unit.

[0031] The slag isolation unit prevents slag from adhering to the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 during laser cutting. The slag isolation unit includes a graphite sleeve 7, which is inserted into the inside of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6. The top of the graphite sleeve 7 has a slot 21, which is located below the cutting trajectory of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6. The upper end face of the laser cutting table 1 is also provided with a guide component that supports the graphite sleeve 7. When the laser cutting focusing head 3 performs laser cutting on the high-speed rail thick pipe 6, the slag generated after the laser beam penetrates the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 will directly enter the inside of the graphite sleeve 7 through the slot 21. The graphite sleeve 7, made of graphite material, can effectively block the slag and has good high temperature resistance and heat insulation, preventing the slag from splashing directly onto the inner wall of the graphite sleeve 7 and causing serious slag adhesion.

[0032] The fastening unit includes a screw 25 rotatably mounted inside the protrusion 23. The protrusion 23 is hollow, and a threaded sleeve 26 is slidably mounted inside the protrusion 23. The threaded sleeve 26 is threaded onto the outside of the screw 25. Two trapezoidal slots 24 are circumferentially distributed on the outer surface of the protrusion 23. The trapezoidal slots 24 are right-angled trapezoids, and the end face of the trapezoidal slots 24 near the motor 4 is an inclined portion 40. Two sets of support rods 27 are elastically rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the threaded sleeve 26 through pins and torsion springs. That is, pins are fixed to the surface of the threaded sleeve 26, and the ends of the support rods 27 are fitted onto the outside of the pins. The two ends of the torsion springs are fixed to the pins and the support rods 27 respectively. The torsion springs give the support rods 27 an elastic force that allows them to swing elastically toward the inside of the protrusion 23. There are two sets of support rods 27. Each support rod 27 has a ball block 28 fixedly installed at the end away from the threaded sleeve block 26. The ball block 28 slides in contact with the inclined part 40. The two trapezoidal slots 24 are distributed front and back, and each set of support rods 27 is distributed in the two trapezoidal slots 24. When the rotation of the screw 25 allows the threaded sleeve block 26 to move in the direction of the motor 4, the push of the threaded sleeve block 26 on the support rod 27 allows the ball block 28 and the support rod 27 to extend and unfold along the guide of the inclined part 40, thereby tightening on the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 and performing center positioning treatment on the high-speed rail thick pipe 6. When laser cutting is performed, the motor 4 can also drive the protrusion 23 to rotate, and rotate the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 to adjust its position.

[0033] The adjustment unit includes a rotating shaft 29 rotatably disposed inside the limiting disk 5, with one end of the rotating shaft 29 extending out of the limiting disk 5. A second rotary wheel is fixedly disposed at the exposed end of the rotating shaft 29. The axis of the rotating shaft 29 intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the screw 25. Helical gears 30 are fixedly sleeved on the end of the screw 25 near the motor 4 and on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 29. The two helical gears 30 mesh with each other. When the rotating shaft 29 is rotated by the second rotary wheel, the screw 25 can be driven to rotate under the action of the two meshing helical gears 30.

[0034] A movable ratchet 39 is fixedly fitted at the end of the rotating shaft 29 away from the second rotating wheel. Two pull rods 36 are slidably inserted at the end of the limiting plate 5 away from the second rotating wheel. A limiting sleeve block 35 is fixedly installed at one end of the two pull rods 36 inside the limiting plate 5, and a lever block 34 is fixedly installed at the other end. A spring 37 is fixed between the end of the limiting sleeve block 35 away from the rotating shaft 29 and the limiting plate 5. Several ratchet grooves 38 are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve block 35. The movable ratchet 39 is located inside the limiting sleeve block 35 and is movably engaged with the ratchet grooves 38. Through the engagement of the movable ratchet 39 with the ratchet grooves 38, the rotation of the rotating shaft 29 can be restricted. That is, the rotating shaft 29 can only rotate in the direction of unfolding the support rod 27, and cannot retract the support rod 27, thus ensuring the stability of the support rod 27 in supporting the thick high-speed rail pipe 6.

[0035] The open port edge of the limiting sleeve 35 is provided with a chamfer. The chamfer guides the movable ratchet 39 to enter the limiting sleeve 35 more easily, and prevents the movable ratchet of the movable ratchet 39 from getting stuck on the end face of the limiting sleeve 35.

[0036] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 2-3 This embodiment is a further explanation of the above embodiment. The guiding component includes a limiting frame 12 fixed to the upper end face of the laser cutting table 1, and the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 is located between the limiting frame 12 and the motor 4. A rotating shaft 18 is rotatably mounted inside the limiting frame 12, and a transmission gear 15 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 18. Two right-angle racks 13 arranged in a circumferential array are distributed on the outside of the transmission gear 15. The transmission gear 15 and the right-angle racks 13 are both distributed on the inner side of the limiting frame 12. The transmission gear 15 meshes with the long side portions of the two right-angle racks 13 simultaneously, and the surface of the long side portion of the right-angle racks 13 is also provided with a vertical straight groove 14. The inner wall of the limiting frame 12 is fixedly provided with a sliding device that slides with the straight groove 14. The protruding strips are provided, and two parallel optical shafts 16 are fixedly inserted into the short side of each right-angle rack 13. Two rollers 17 are rotatably sleeved on the outer surface of each optical shaft 16. The two rollers 17 are symmetrical about the output end of the motor 4. The axis of the rotating shaft 18 intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the output end of the motor 4. That is, when the upper and lower optical shafts 16 approach each other and clamp the graphite sleeve 7 through the rollers 17, the axis of the graphite sleeve 7 can be made to coincide with the axis of the output end of the motor 4. The limiting sleeve frame 12 is also provided with a trigger component. The position of the two right-angle racks 13 can be adjusted by the trigger component. Moreover, the outer surface of the rollers 17 is covered with a rubber coating, which can increase the friction when it contacts the surface of the graphite sleeve 7.

[0037] The triggering component includes a worm gear 19 fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 18, and a worm 20 is driven and mounted on the outer side of the worm gear 19. The worm 20 is rotatably mounted on the side of the limiting sleeve 12 away from the roller 17, and a first turn wheel is fixed to the end of the worm 20. The end face of the first turn wheel has an internal hexagonal groove, which can be rotated by a wrench. The first turn wheel can rotate the worm 20, thereby driving the worm gear 19 to rotate the rotating shaft 18 and adjusting the distance between the two right-angle racks 13. This allows for centering, clamping and guiding of graphite sleeves 7 with different outer diameters. Moreover, the cooperation between the worm 20 and the worm gear 19 has a certain self-locking effect. Only the worm 20 can drive the worm gear 19 to rotate, while the worm gear 19 cannot drive the worm gear 20 to rotate, thus ensuring the stability of the positions of the upper and lower optical shafts 16.

[0038] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4This embodiment is a further explanation of Embodiment 2. A perforated plate 22 is fixedly provided on the end face of the slot 21 near the motor 4. Several air holes 41 are opened on the end face of the limiting plate 5 away from the motor 4, and the air holes 41 are distributed on the outer periphery of the protrusion 23. A central hole is opened in the port of the output end of the motor 4, and the central hole communicates with the interior of the limiting plate 5. A screw-fit sleeve 31 is rotatably fitted on the outer surface of the output end of the motor 4, and a docking nozzle 32 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the screw-fit sleeve 31. Several hollow grooves 33 are opened on the outer part of the central hole corresponding to the covering part of the screw-fit sleeve 31. When high-pressure gas is input to the docking nozzle 32, the compressed air can be ejected through the hollow grooves 33 and the limiting plate 5 and the air holes 41. The compressed air can enter the graphite sleeve 7 through the holes of the perforated plate 22, thereby discharging the high-temperature molten slag.

[0039] Waste bins 8 are distributed on the outer side of the laser cutting table 1, and a linear guide 10 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the waste bin 8. A slider that slides with the linear guide 10 is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the laser cutting table 1. The linear guide 10 is parallel to the output axis of the motor 4. An elbow pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the waste bin 8. Several air holes 11 are circumferentially distributed on the outer surface of the upper end of the waste bin 8. The upper end of the elbow pipe 9 can slide and connect to the end of the graphite sleeve 7 away from the motor 4, so as to input the welding slag blown by the airflow into the interior of the waste bin 8 for collection.

[0040] The center of the end of the elbow pipe 9 away from the waste bin 8 coincides with the output axis of the motor 4. The outer diameter of the graphite sleeve 7 is smaller than the inner diameter of the elbow pipe 9, which ensures that when the waste bin 8 slides toward the motor 4, the upper end of the elbow pipe 9 can be precisely connected to the end of the graphite sleeve 7 away from the motor 4.

[0041] Working principle: When laser cutting the high-speed rail thick pipe 6, the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 is first placed on the surface of the protrusion 23. Then, by engaging the wrench with the internal hexagonal groove of the first rotating wheel end face, the rotating shaft 29 can be turned. With the mutual cooperation of the two helical gears 30, the screw 25 rotates inside the protrusion 23. At this time, the threaded sleeve 26 can move towards the side of the motor 4. During the movement, the ball block 28 abuts against the inclined surface of the inclined part 40, which can push the support rod 27 out of the protrusion 23 along the guide of the inclined part 40. When the support rod 27 unfolds outward through the trapezoidal slot 24, the ball block 28 can abut against the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6. By the simultaneous contact and tightening of the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 by the four support rods 27 of the motor, the position of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 can be limited. At this time, the axis of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6 coincides with the axis of the output end of the motor 4.

[0042] During the rotation of the rotating shaft 29 with the movable ratchet 39, the ratchet groove 38 on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 35 can limit the movable ratchet of the movable ratchet 39, that is, prevent the rotating shaft 29 from rotating with the movable ratchet 39 inside the limiting sleeve 35, thereby ensuring the stability of the support rod 27 and the ball block 28 in the tight support of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6. After the subsequent laser cutting processing is completed, the operator can pull the limiting sleeve 35 by the action of the push block 34 and the pull rod 36, so that the limiting sleeve 35 actively separates from the movable ratchet 39. At this time, the operator can reverse the first rotating wheel and remove the restriction on the high-speed rail thick pipe 6.

[0043] After the high-speed rail thick pipe fitting 6 is installed, the graphite sleeve 7 is assembled. First, the graphite sleeve 7 is placed between two sets of rollers 17 distributed vertically. Then, the rotation of the worm gear 20 by the second rotating wheel causes the two sets of rollers 17 to clamp and limit the graphite sleeve 7. After the graphite sleeve 7 is clamped, its axis can be aligned with the axis of the output end of the motor 4. At this time, the graphite sleeve 7 is pushed axially, allowing the end of the graphite sleeve 7 to extend into the interior of the high-speed rail thick pipe fitting 6 until the mesh plate 22 abuts against the end of the protrusion 23. When the high-speed rail thick pipe fitting 6 is laser-cut by the laser cutting table 1, the welding slag produced by the laser beam melt will fall directly into the interior of the graphite sleeve 7, instead of splashing and sticking randomly to the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe fitting 6. This avoids the accumulation of welding slag on the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe fitting 6, which requires subsequent cleaning.

[0044] During laser cutting, the connecting nozzle 32 can be connected to a high-pressure airflow, allowing the high-pressure airflow to enter the interior of the limiting plate 5 through the perforated groove 33, and then be delivered to the graphite sleeve 7 through the air hole 41. After the airflow passes through the mesh plate 22, it can simultaneously blow the welding slag inside the graphite sleeve 7 towards the waste bin 8. Because the welding slag splashes downwards during laser cutting, the high-temperature welding slag is prone to bounce after touching the inner wall of the graphite sleeve 7. However, under the push of the horizontal high-pressure airflow, the welding slag can be prevented from bouncing and sticking to the inner wall of the cutting part of the high-speed rail thick pipe 6. Moreover, the high-speed airflow can also cool the welding slag to a certain extent. Guided by the elbow pipe 9, the welding slag can be collected uniformly inside the waste bin 8 for convenient centralized recycling and processing later.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts, characterized in that, include: A laser cutting table (1) and a three-axis moving frame (2) fixed above the laser cutting table (1). A laser cutting focusing head (3) is fixedly suspended on the outside of the three-axis moving frame (2). The three-axis moving frame (2) is used to drive the laser cutting focusing head (3) to move laterally, longitudinally, and axially. A motor (4) is also fixedly mounted on the top of the laser cutting table (1). A limit plate (5) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the motor (4). A protrusion (23) is fixedly provided on the end of the limit plate (5) away from the motor (4). A high-speed rail thick pipe fitting (6) is hung on the outside of the protrusion (23). Also includes: The fastening unit is used to fix the high-speed rail thick pipe (6) and the output shaft of the motor (4) concentrically. The fastening unit is set inside the protrusion (23), and the limiting plate (5) is also provided with an adjustment unit for driving the fastening unit. The slag isolation unit is used to prevent slag from sticking to the inner wall of the high-speed rail thick pipe (6) during laser cutting. The slag isolation unit includes a graphite sleeve (7) and the graphite sleeve (7) is inserted into the inside of the high-speed rail thick pipe (6). The top of the graphite sleeve (7) is provided with a slot (21) and the slot (21) is located below the cutting trajectory of the high-speed rail thick pipe (6). The upper end face of the laser cutting table (1) is also provided with a guide component that supports the graphite sleeve (7).

2. The laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding component includes a limiting frame (12) fixed to the upper surface of the laser cutting table (1). A rotating shaft (18) is rotatably mounted inside the limiting frame (12), and a transmission gear (15) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (18). Two right-angled racks (13) are distributed in a circular array on the outside of the transmission gear (15). The transmission gear (15) meshes with the long side of the two right-angled racks (13) at the same time. The long side of the right-angled racks (13) is also provided with a vertical straight groove (14). The inner wall of the limiting frame (12) is fixedly provided with a protruding strip that slides with the straight groove (14). Two optical shafts (16) are fixedly inserted into the short side of each right-angled rack (13). Two rollers (17) are rotatably mounted on the outer surface of each optical shaft (16). A triggering component is also provided on the outside of the limiting frame (12).

3. The laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The triggering component includes a worm gear (19) fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (18), and a worm (20) is driven on the outer side of the worm gear (19). The worm (20) is rotatably mounted on the side of the limiting sleeve (12) away from the roller (17), and a first turn wheel is fixed at the end of the worm (20).

4. The laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fastening unit includes a screw (25) rotatably mounted inside the protrusion (23). The protrusion (23) is hollow. A threaded sleeve (26) is slidably mounted inside the protrusion (23). The threaded sleeve (26) is threaded onto the outside of the screw (25). Two trapezoidal slots (24) are circumferentially distributed on the outer surface of the protrusion (23). The end face of the trapezoidal slot (24) near the motor (4) is an inclined portion (40). Two sets of support rods (27) are elastically rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the threaded sleeve (26) through a pin and a torsion spring. There are two sets of support rods (27). Each support rod (27) has a ball block (28) fixedly mounted at the end away from the threaded sleeve (26). The ball block (28) slides in contact with the inclined portion (40).

5. A laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment unit includes a rotating shaft (29) rotatably disposed inside the limiting disk (5), and one end of the rotating shaft (29) extends out of the limiting disk (5). A second rotary wheel is fixedly disposed at the exposed end of the rotating shaft (29). Helical gears (30) are fixedly sleeved on the end of the screw (25) near the motor (4) and on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (29), and the two helical gears (30) mesh with each other.

6. The laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: A movable ratchet (39) is fixedly sleeved at the end of the rotating shaft (29) away from the second rotary wheel. Two pull rods (36) are slidably inserted at the end of the limiting disk (5) away from the second rotary wheel. A limiting sleeve block (35) is fixedly installed at one end of the two pull rods (36) inside the limiting disk (5), and a lever block (34) is fixedly installed at the other end. A spring (37) is fixed between the end of the limiting sleeve block (35) away from the rotating shaft (29) and the limiting disk (5). A number of ratchet grooves (38) are opened on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve block (35) and are circumferentially distributed. The movable ratchet (39) is located inside the limiting sleeve block (35) and is movably engaged with the ratchet grooves (38).

7. A laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edge of the open port of the limiting sleeve (35) is provided with a chamfer.

8. A laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: A perforated plate (22) is fixedly provided on one end face of the slot (21) near the motor (4). A number of air holes (41) are opened on one end face of the limiting plate (5) away from the motor (4), and the air holes (41) are distributed on the outer periphery of the protrusion (23). A central hole is opened in the port of the output end of the motor (4), and the central hole communicates with the interior of the limiting plate (5). A screw-on sleeve (31) is rotatably fitted on the outer surface of the output end of the motor (4), and a docking nozzle (32) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the screw-on sleeve (31). A number of hollowed-out grooves (33) are opened on the outside of the central hole corresponding to the covering part of the screw-on sleeve (31).

9. A laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 8, characterized in that: Waste bins (8) are distributed on the outer side of the laser cutting table (1), and a linear guide (10) is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the waste bin (8). A slider that slides with the linear guide (10) is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the laser cutting table (1). The linear guide (10) is parallel to the output axis of the motor (4). An elbow pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the waste bin (8). Several air holes (11) are opened on the upper outer surface of the waste bin (8) in a circular and equidistant manner.

10. A laser cutting machine for processing high-speed rail metal parts according to claim 9, characterized in that: The center of the end of the elbow (9) away from the waste bin (8) coincides with the axis of the output end of the motor (4), and the outer diameter of the graphite sleeve (7) is smaller than the inner diameter of the elbow (9).

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