A multi-layer composite aluminum plate laser cutting dust removal device

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-layer composite aluminum plate laser cutting dust removal device, and belongs to the field of aluminum plate cutting. The device comprises a rack and a workbench. The rack is movably connected with a mounting block. The mounting block is located above the workbench and is provided with a laser cutting head on the side facing the workbench. An annular dust suction cover coaxial with the laser cutting head is arranged on the mounting block. A ring-shaped pipeline is arranged on the inner side of the annular dust suction cover. The ring-shaped pipeline is used for communicating with an external air source. A plurality of air injection nozzles inclined downward toward the axis direction of the laser cutting head are arranged on the circumferential wall of the ring-shaped pipeline. A negative pressure interface communicating with the inside of the annular dust suction cover is arranged on the annular dust suction cover. An air suction pump is arranged on the rack and communicates with the negative pressure interface. A filtering device is further arranged on the rack. One end of the air suction pump away from the negative pressure interface is connected to the filtering device. The application has the effects of improving the dust removal efficiency and reducing environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aluminum plate cutting technology, and in particular to a dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-based composite panels are a new type of panel material that uses aluminum honeycomb core or foamed aluminum composite panels as the base material, and the surface of the aluminum panel is laminated with PVC film, wood veneer, stone, fabric texture, leather, and other finishes. These panels possess high overall strength and localized toughness, are flat and do not warp or deform in large areas, are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, flame-retardant, and environmentally friendly, and are widely used in building curtain walls, rail transportation, aerospace, and other mechanical fields.

[0003] As the industry's requirements for material lifespan, safety, reliability, and weather resistance continue to rise, problems such as interfacial delamination and blistering exposed in traditional composite aluminum panels during long-term use are receiving increasing attention. These problems not only affect aesthetics but also severely weaken the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity, becoming a key technical bottleneck restricting their further application in high-value or long-life-cycle scenarios. Therefore, developing new composite structures that can fundamentally improve interfacial bonding durability is an important development direction in this technological field.

[0004] Meanwhile, during the aluminum plate cutting process, because the middle layer of multi-layer composite aluminum plates is usually made of organic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or honeycomb core, these core materials will rapidly decompose under the high temperature of the laser, producing a large amount of fumes containing toxic components such as benzene compounds and carbon monoxide. At the same time, the aluminum surface melts to form high-temperature slag. If these fumes and slag are not dealt with in time, they will seriously pollute the working environment and endanger the health of operators. In addition, the slag is very easy to splash and adhere to the optical lenses of the laser cutting head, resulting in a decrease in the light transmittance of the lenses, a weakening of the focusing ability, and even permanent damage to the lenses, seriously affecting the cutting quality and the life of the equipment.

[0005] Existing dust removal devices mostly use single-sided lateral dust collection or bottom ventilation, which makes it difficult to effectively capture smoke spreading directly above and around the cutting point. They also lack an active protection mechanism for the cutting head lens, failing to meet the industrial demand for continuous, efficient, and high-quality cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to improve dust removal efficiency and reduce environmental pollution, this application provides a dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates.

[0007] The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates includes a frame and a worktable. A mounting block is movably connected to the frame. A laser cutting head is mounted on the mounting block above the worktable, facing the worktable. An annular dust collection hood, coaxially aligned with the laser cutting head, is provided on the mounting block. An annular pipe is provided inside the annular dust collection hood, connecting to an external air source. Multiple air nozzles, inclined downwards towards the axis of the laser cutting head, are provided on the peripheral wall of the annular pipe. A negative pressure interface, communicating with the interior of the annular dust collection hood, is provided on the frame. An air suction pump is connected to the negative pressure interface. A filter device is also provided on the frame, with the end of the air suction pump away from the negative pressure interface connected to the filter device. The laser cutting dust removal device is used to cut multi-layer composite aluminum plates, which are prepared by a method including the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Cleaning, degreasing, and drying the composite surface of the aluminum alloy panel. S2. Interface structure processing: Using precision CNC engraving or laser processing technology, a tenon array with fractal contours, tapers and microgrooves is processed on the panel composite surface, and a matching groove array is processed on the corresponding surface of the core layer. S3. Applying adhesive: The adhesive is evenly applied to the processed interface of the panel or core layer using an adhesive application device. S4. Assembly: Align and stack the top panel, core layer, and bottom panel in sequence to ensure that the tenon and groove are initially aligned. S5. Hot pressing composite: The blank is fed into a hot press and pressed according to the preset temperature-pressure-time curve to make the tenon and groove fully engage, and the adhesive flows, fills and cures. S6. Post-processing: After pressure holding and cooling, the product is taken out for inspection and then cut using a laser cutting dust removal device.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the annular dust collection hood and annular pipe are coaxially integrated onto the mounting block, creating a nested layout of the cutting head, annular pipe, and annular dust collection hood from the inside out. The annular dust collection hood forms a continuous annular negative pressure zone around the cutting point, enabling near-source and immediate dust collection at the source, effectively suppressing the spread of dust to the surrounding environment. The annular pipe on the inner side ejects gas through downward-sloping nozzles, forming a downward-pressing air curtain barrier below the laser cutting head. This air curtain directly blocks high-temperature dust, tar droplets, and molten aluminum slag from attacking the optical lens upwards, preventing surface contamination, ablation, and reduced light transmittance, thus ensuring laser focusing accuracy and cutting quality. Simultaneously, the downward-pressing air curtain guides the dust, assisting in pressing the dust into the outer annular negative pressure chamber, creating a synergistic effect with negative pressure suction and further improving dust removal efficiency. The dust-laden gas is transported to the filtration device for purification by the suction pump before being discharged, achieving an organic unity of efficient dust removal and active protection of optical lenses during the laser cutting process of multi-layer composite aluminum plates, meeting the industrial needs of continuous and high-quality cutting.

[0009] Preferably, the plurality of jet nozzles are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the annular pipe, and the angle between the axis of the jet nozzle and the horizontal plane is 30° to 60°.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, and by limiting the uniform distribution of the jet nozzles along the circumference of the annular pipe at equal angles, the ejected protective gas forms a continuous, uniform, and weak-area-free annular air curtain around the laser cutting head. This prevents localized protection failures from causing dust to rise from the gaps and invade the optical lens. Simultaneously, by limiting the angle between the jet nozzle axis and the horizontal plane to between 30° and 60°, the jet airflow has appropriate downward pressure and radial diffusion components. This generates sufficient downward dynamic pressure to block the upward movement of high-temperature dust, tar droplets, and molten slag, while ensuring the air curtain has a reasonable coverage radius and does not excessively concentrate in the cutting focal area, interfering with the normal cutting process. Thus, while ensuring lens cleanliness and stable cutting quality, it also helps guide dust to the outer annular negative pressure chamber, creating a synergistic effect with negative pressure suction, further improving dust removal efficiency and system reliability.

[0011] Preferably, the annular dust hood includes an inner cover and an outer cover fitted over the inner cover, forming a negative pressure cavity between the inner cover and the outer cover. The inner cover is fixedly connected to the mounting block, and the mounting block has an annular sliding groove extending in the vertical direction. The outer cover is slidably connected in the annular sliding groove, and the bottom end of the outer cover abuts against the surface of the workbench or the surface of the aluminum material to be cut under the action of gravity.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the outer cover slides up and down using the annular sliding groove extending vertically on the mounting block, and adaptively abuts against the worktable or the surface of the aluminum material to be cut under its own gravity. This allows the cover height to be automatically adjusted according to the thickness of the material to be cut, and to maintain a continuous surrounding cover state on the cutting area during the horizontal movement of the laser cutting head. This effectively seals the gap between the bottom of the cover and the material, significantly reduces the leakage of smoke and dust from the gap, and improves the sealing performance and dust removal efficiency of the negative pressure collection.

[0013] Preferably, a spring is fixedly connected inside the sliding groove, and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the top of the outer cover and the inner wall of the sliding groove.

[0014] By employing the above technical solution, the elastic restoring force of the spring and the weight of the outer casing work together to ensure that the bottom of the outer casing can more reliably abut against the worktable or the surface of the aluminum material to be cut. When the cutting head descends or the thickness of the sheet material changes, causing the outer casing to be pushed upwards, the spring is compressed and stores energy, applying a downward elastic restoring force to the outer casing. When the cutting head rises, the spring releases energy to assist the outer casing in quickly returning to its original position, thereby enhancing the outer casing's ability to follow and conform to the surface of the sheet material. This effectively compensates for the instantaneous gaps caused by unevenness of the sheet material surface or vibration of the cutting head, further reducing dust leakage from the bottom of the casing and improving the sealing stability and dust removal efficiency of the negative pressure collection area. At the same time, the cushioning effect of the spring can reduce the impact when the bottom of the outer casing contacts the surface of the sheet material, reducing the risk of scratching the surface of the sheet material and extending the life of the outer casing and sealing structure.

[0015] Preferably, the lower end face of the outer cover is lower than the lower end face of the inner cover, the lower end face of the inner cover is lower than the lower end outlet of the air nozzle, and an annular smoke inlet gap is formed between the lower end face of the inner cover and the lower end face of the outer cover.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the lower end face of the outer cover is lower than the lower end face of the inner cover, so that the outer cover can form a complete outer perimeter cover when it comes into contact with the workpiece surface, reducing the lateral outward escape of smoke and dust. At the same time, the lower end of the inner cover is lower than the nozzle outlet, forming a radial shield for the inclined protective airflow, preventing the positive pressure air curtain from blowing directly into the negative pressure chamber, and avoiding airflow short-circuiting and energy dissipation caused by mutual interference between the positive pressure airflow and the negative pressure suction. The annular smoke inlet gap between the lower end of the inner cover and the lower end of the outer cover constitutes a lateral channel for smoke and dust to enter the negative pressure chamber. While ensuring the isolation effect of the air curtain, it ensures that the smoke and dust generated at the cutting point can be smoothly drawn away by the negative pressure, taking into account both lens protection and dust removal efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, the negative pressure interface is connected to the air inlet of the suction pump through a dust suction pipe, and the air outlet of the suction pump is connected to the filter device through an air delivery pipe. The upper middle part of the side wall of the outer cover, the outer wall of the dust suction pipe, and the outer wall of the air delivery pipe are all wrapped with electric heating tape. The electric heating tape is covered with a heat insulation layer. The electric heating tape is used to maintain the temperature of the flue gas in contact with the wall at 160°C to 200°C. The outer wall at the bottom of the outer cover is not provided with an electric heating tape, and the bottom of the outer cover is provided with a heat insulation ring, which is used to abut against the surface of the aluminum material to be cut or the surface of the workbench.

[0018] By employing the above technical solution, by wrapping electric heating tape and covering the outer wall of the annular dust collection hood and the outer wall of all transport pipes from the negative pressure suction end to the filter device with a heat-insulating layer, the wall surface temperature in contact with the flue gas is continuously maintained in the range of 160°C to 200°C. This temperature is higher than the high adhesion temperature range of tar from the thermal decomposition of polyethylene and polypropylene. This ensures that the flue gas remains in a gaseous or low-viscosity aerosol state as it flows through the dust collection hood and pipes, preventing it from condensing and adhering to the inner wall. This effectively prevents the pipes from gradually narrowing and becoming blocked due to tar adhesion, thus avoiding... The ring-shaped dust hood prevents tar buildup from contaminating the surface of the sheet material, ensuring the negative pressure suction path remains unobstructed and reducing system maintenance frequency. The electric heating tape is confined to the upper part of the outer hood, keeping the bottom of the hood at a relatively low temperature and preventing direct heat transfer between the heated area and the sheet material or workbench. The bottom heat insulation ring provides both physical insulation and maintains a floating seal on the cutting area, thus preventing tar adhesion while eliminating the risk of thermal damage to the core layer of the aluminum-plastic sheet material, ensuring the processing quality of the sheet material and the durability of the sealing structure.

[0019] Preferably, the inner wall of the annular dust hood, the inner wall of the dust suction pipe, and the inner wall of the air supply pipe are all coated with a high-temperature resistant anti-stick coating, which is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating or a ceramic-based composite anti-stick coating.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, a high-temperature resistant and non-stick coating is added to the flue gas contact wall surface, further reducing the adhesion and wettability of tar and slag particles to the wall surface. Even if the local temperature drops temporarily due to fluctuations in operating conditions, it can effectively inhibit the adhesion and accumulation of dust on the wall surface. The coating works synergistically with the external electric heating tape to form a dual protection of temperature control and surface modification, significantly reducing scaling on the inner wall of the pipeline and dust accumulation on the inner wall of the annular dust collection hood, maintaining smooth airflow and stable negative pressure, reducing the frequency of system shutdown for cleaning, and extending the fault-free operation cycle of the dust removal device.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom end of the heat insulation ring is provided with a flexible sealing element, which is a high-temperature resistant silicone sheet or a felt sealing strip. The flexible sealing element is used to simultaneously cover the surface of the aluminum material to be cut, the surface of the workbench, and the area of ​​the height difference between the aluminum material and the workbench when the outer cover body abuts.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting a flexible sealing element at the bottom of the outer cover, the elastic deformation ability of the silicone sheet or felt sealing strip can adaptively fill the height difference between the upper surface of the aluminum material and the surface of the worktable. This can maintain a continuous circumferential seal on the cutting area during the movement of the cutting head, effectively blocking the leakage channels of the aluminum material edge and the worktable surface, and reducing the escape of smoke and dust from the bottom of the cover.

[0023] Preferably, support plates are fixedly provided on both sides of the workbench, and a first hydraulic rod is fixedly installed on the support plate. A push plate is fixedly connected to the piston of the first hydraulic rod. A slide rail is provided on the support plate, and a supplementary plate is slidably connected on the slide rail. The push plate abuts against the side wall of the supplementary plate and pushes the supplementary plate towards the aluminum material to be cut. An avoidance groove is provided on the supplementary plate at the position on the extension line of the cutting line. The supplementary plate of different thicknesses can be replaced on the slide rail according to the thickness of the aluminum material to be cut, so that the upper surface of the supplementary plate is flush with the upper surface of the aluminum material to be cut. The bottom end of the outer cover is used to simultaneously abut against the surface of the aluminum material and the surface of the supplementary support plate.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting horizontally adjustable supplementary plates on both sides, the worktable is partially raised to the same height as the upper surface of the aluminum material. This ensures that the bottom of the outer casing maintains a continuous, unsuspended support plane when cutting the edge of the aluminum material, thus maintaining the integrity of the negative pressure chamber and preventing sealing failure and dust leakage at the edge of the aluminum material due to the outer casing being suspended. This adapts to the cutting requirements of aluminum materials of different specifications, and supplementary plates of corresponding thicknesses can be replaced on the slide. Simultaneously, the clearance groove reserved between the supplementary plate and the side of the aluminum material prevents damage to the supplementary plate when the laser cuts along the contour to the edge of the plate.

[0025] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: By coaxially integrating the annular dust collection hood and annular duct onto the mounting block, the cutting head, annular duct, and annular dust collection hood form a nested layout from the inside out. The annular dust collection hood creates a continuous annular negative pressure zone around the cutting point, enabling near-source and immediate dust capture at the source, effectively suppressing the spread of dust into the surrounding environment. The annular duct on the inner side ejects gas through downward-sloping nozzles, forming a downward-pressure air curtain barrier below the laser cutting head. This air curtain directly blocks high-temperature dust, tar droplets, and molten aluminum slag from impacting the optical lenses, preventing surface contamination, ablation, and reduced light transmittance, thus ensuring laser focusing accuracy and cutting quality. Simultaneously, the downward-pressure air curtain guides the dust, assisting in pressing it into the outer annular negative pressure chamber, creating a synergistic effect with negative pressure suction to further improve dust removal efficiency. The dust-laden gas is transported by an air pump to a filtration device for purification before being discharged. This achieves an organic unity of efficient dust removal and active protection of optical lenses during the laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates, meeting the industrial demands of continuous, high-quality cutting. By utilizing the combined effect of the spring's elastic restoring force and the outer casing's own weight, the bottom of the outer casing can reliably abut against the worktable or the surface of the aluminum material to be cut. When the cutting head descends or the material thickness changes, causing the outer casing to be pushed upwards, the spring is compressed and stores energy, applying a downward elastic restoring force to the outer casing. When the cutting head rises, the spring releases energy to assist the outer casing in quickly returning to its original position, thereby enhancing the outer casing's ability to follow and conform to the material surface. This effectively compensates for the instantaneous gaps caused by uneven material surfaces or cutting head vibrations, further reducing dust leakage from the bottom of the casing and improving the sealing stability and dust removal efficiency of the negative pressure collection area. Simultaneously, the spring's cushioning effect reduces the impact when the bottom of the outer casing contacts the material surface, lowering the risk of scratches and extending the lifespan of the outer casing and sealing structure. By wrapping electric heating tape around the outer wall of the annular dust collection hood and the outer walls of all transport pipes from the negative pressure suction end to the filter device, and covering them with an insulation layer, the wall temperature in contact with the flue gas is continuously maintained in the range of 160℃ to 200℃. This temperature is higher than the high adhesion temperature range of pyrolysis tar from polyethylene and polypropylene. This ensures that the flue gas remains in a gaseous or low-viscosity aerosol state as it flows through the dust collection hood and pipes, preventing it from condensing and adhering to the inner wall. This effectively prevents the pipes from gradually narrowing and becoming blocked due to tar adhesion, avoids the accumulation of tar on the outer wall of the annular dust collection hood from contaminating the surface of the board, ensures the long-term unobstructed flow of the negative pressure suction airway, and reduces the frequency of system maintenance. By limiting the electric heating tape to the upper part of the outer hood, the bottom of the outer hood is kept at a relatively low temperature, avoiding direct heat transfer between the heated area and the board or workbench. The bottom heat insulation ring not only provides physical insulation but also maintains a floating seal on the cutting area. This achieves tar adhesion prevention while eliminating the risk of thermal damage to the core layer of the aluminum-plastic board, ensuring the processing quality of the board and the durability of the sealing structure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the mounting block according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Frame; 2. Workbench; 3. Mounting block; 4. Laser cutting head; 5. Annular dust collection hood; 6. Annular pipe; 7. Air nozzle; 8. Suction pump; 9. Filter device; 10. Inner cover; 11. Outer cover; 12. Annular sliding groove; 13. Spring; 14. Dust collection pipe; 15. Air supply pipe; 16. Electric heating tape; 17. Insulation layer; 18. Heat insulation ring; 19. Flexible seal; 20. Support plate; 21. First hydraulic rod; 22. Push plate; 23. Slide rail; 24. Supplement plate; 25. Clearance groove; 26. Electric slide rail; 27. Slide seat; 28. First hydraulic cylinder; 29. ​​Clean air source box; 30. Slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 This application will be described in further detail. Example

[0031] Embodiment 1 of this application discloses a dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a frame 1 and a worktable 2. A mounting block 3 is movably connected to the frame 1, located above the worktable 2, with a laser cutting head 4 mounted on its side facing the worktable 2. An electric track is mounted at the top of the frame 1, sliding horizontally along the width of the worktable 2. A slide block 27 is slidably connected to the electric track, and two first hydraulic cylinders 28 are fixedly mounted on the slide block 27. The two first hydraulic cylinders 28 are symmetrically arranged, each with its piston rod fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block 3 in a vertical direction. Under the action of the slide block 27 and the first hydraulic cylinders 28, the mounting block 3 can adjust the height of the laser cutting head 4 according to the thickness of the aluminum plate, and also move the laser cutting head 4 horizontally for cutting.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, the mounting block 3 is equipped with an annular dust collection hood 5 arranged coaxially with the laser cutting head 4. An annular pipe 6 is located on the inner side of the annular dust collection hood 5, coaxially arranged with the annular dust collection hood 5. This annular pipe 6 is used to connect to a clean air source box. Multiple air nozzles 7 are connected to the peripheral wall of the annular pipe 6. These air nozzles 7 are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the annular pipe 6, and the angle between their axes and the horizontal plane is 30° to 60°, thus forming a continuous, uniform, and downward-sloping annular air curtain below the laser cutting head 4. This air curtain not only effectively blocks high-temperature fumes, tar droplets, and molten aluminum slag from invading the optical lens, but also guides the fumes to the outer annular negative pressure chamber, synergistically enhancing the dust removal efficiency with negative pressure suction.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the annular dust hood 5 includes an inner hood and an outer hood 11 fitted over the inner hood. Both the inner and outer hoods 11 are annularly arranged, forming an annular negative pressure chamber between them. The inner hood is fixedly connected to the mounting block 3, and an annular sliding groove 12 extending vertically is provided on the outer side of the lower end face of the mounting block 3. The outer hood 11 slides vertically within the sliding groove, and a spring 13 is fixedly connected within the sliding groove. The two ends of the spring 13 are fixedly connected to the top of the outer hood 11 and the inner wall of the sliding groove, respectively. Utilizing the elastic restoring force of the spring 13 and the weight of the outer hood 11, the bottom end of the outer hood 11 can adaptively abut against the surface of the workbench 2 or the surface of the aluminum material to be cut, thereby automatically adjusting the hood height according to the thickness of the material, maintaining a surrounding seal over the cutting area, and reducing the overflow of dust generated during cutting.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the lower end face of the outer cover 11 is lower than the lower end face of the inner cover, and the lower end face of the inner cover is lower than the lower outlet of the nozzle 7. This creates a barrier between the lower end of the inner cover and the outlet of the nozzle 7, preventing the positive pressure air curtain from directly blowing into the negative pressure chamber and avoiding airflow short-circuiting. At the same time, an annular smoke inlet gap is formed between the lower end face of the inner cover and the lower end face of the outer cover 11, ensuring that the smoke and dust generated at the cutting point can be smoothly drawn away by the negative pressure, thus balancing lens protection and dust removal efficiency.

[0035] like Figure 2As shown, the annular dust collection hood 5 is equipped with a negative pressure interface that connects to the interior. An air pump 8 is mounted on the frame 1, with its inlet connected to the negative pressure interface via a dust collection pipe 14. A filter device 9 is also mounted on the frame 1, and the outlet of the air pump 8 is connected to the filter device 9 via an air delivery pipe 15. Electric heating tape 16 is wrapped around the upper middle part of the side wall of the outer hood 11, the outer wall of the dust collection pipe 14, and the outer wall of the air delivery pipe 15. The electric heating tape 16 is covered with an insulation layer 17 to maintain the temperature of the flue gas contacting the wall surface between 160°C and 200°C, ensuring that the flue gas remains in a gaseous or low-viscosity aerosol state during its flow through the pipes, preventing tar condensation and adhesion that could cause pipe blockage. The bottom outer wall of the outer hood 11 does not have an electric heating tape 16, but instead has a heat insulation ring 18 for contact with the surface of the aluminum material to be cut or the workbench 2, preventing direct contact between the heated area and the sheet material and eliminating the risk of heat damage to the core layer of the aluminum-plastic composite sheet.

[0036] To balance the gas flow, at least two pipes are provided connecting the annular pipe 6 to the external clean air source box 29. These two connection points are evenly distributed on the annular pipe 6 to balance the gas flow rate of the multiple air nozzles 7. Similarly, at least two negative pressure ports are provided on the annular dust cover and are evenly distributed on the annular ring. The dust suction pipe 14 at the air inlet of the suction pump 8 adopts a Y-shaped pipe configuration to improve the uniformity of the outlet flow rate of the annular negative pressure chamber along the annular direction.

[0037] To further enhance the anti-sticking effect, the inner walls of the annular dust hood 5, the dust suction pipe 14, and the air supply pipe 15 are all coated with a high-temperature resistant anti-sticking coating. This coating is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating or a ceramic-based composite anti-sticking coating, which can reduce the adhesion of tar and slag particles to the wall surface. It works in synergy with the electric heating tape 16 to form a dual protection of temperature control and surface modification, significantly reducing scaling and dust accumulation on the inner wall of the pipe, and maintaining smooth airflow and stable negative pressure.

[0038] The bottom end of the heat insulation ring 18 is also provided with a flexible sealing element 19. The flexible sealing element 19 can be a high-temperature resistant silicone sheet or a felt sealing strip. It is used to cover the surface of the aluminum material to be cut, the surface of the workbench 2, and the area of ​​the height difference between the two when the outer cover 11 comes into contact. It uses its elastic deformation ability to adaptively fill the gap, effectively seal the leakage channel, and reduce the escape of smoke and dust from the bottom of the cover.

[0039] The implementation principle of Embodiment 1 of this application is as follows: During the cutting process, the annular pipe 6 forms a downward-pressure air curtain through the downward-sloping nozzle 7, blocking the upward invasion of smoke and dust onto the lens, while simultaneously guiding the smoke and dust to the outer annular negative pressure chamber. The suction pump 8 draws the dust-laden gas to the filter device 9 for purification through the negative pressure interface. Under the action of gravity and spring 13, the outer cover 11 adaptively conforms to the surface of the plate, and together with the flexible sealing element 19 and the supplementary support plate 20, achieves continuous sealing of the cutting area. The electric heating tape 16 and the anti-stick coating work together to prevent tar from adhering to the inner wall of the pipe, ensuring long-term unobstructed airflow, thereby achieving the organic unity of active protection of optical lenses, efficient collection of tar-laden smoke and dust, and long-term stable operation of the system during the laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates. Example

[0040] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a multi-layer composite aluminum plate that can be cut using the dust removal device of Embodiment 1.

[0041] This multi-layer composite aluminum panel includes an aluminum alloy upper panel, an aluminum alloy lower panel, and a core layer located between the two. The panel is made of 3003 or 5052 series aluminum alloy sheet with a thickness of 0.5-3.0mm; the core layer is made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, aluminum honeycomb core, or fire-resistant mineral core material; the adhesive is a modified epoxy resin or polyurethane thermosetting adhesive.

[0042] A fractal geometric interlocking structure is fabricated at the interface between the panel and the core layer. This structure consists of an array of self-similar nested tenons and grooves at macroscopic to microscopic scales. During the lamination and hot pressing process, the tenons and corresponding grooves of the upper and lower layers interlock and embed with each other under pressure and temperature, forming a multi-scale mechanical interlocking network. Micrometer-level groove networks are designed and fabricated on the sidewalls and tops of the fractal tenons as adhesive flow microchannels. The depth of these micrometer-level groove networks is 10-100 micrometers, and the width is 5-50 micrometers.

[0043] Fractal interlocking units are periodically arranged within the plane of the sheet material, and their distribution density and unit size are topologically optimized based on the main stress directions that the sheet material is expected to withstand. The height and taper of the fractal tenons are designed to match the closed stroke and pressure curve of the standard hot-pressing composite process.

[0044] The preparation method of this multilayer composite aluminum plate includes the following steps: S1: Pretreatment involves degreasing, cleaning, and drying the composite surface of the aluminum alloy panel to remove surface grease and contaminants, ensuring effective wetting and bonding of the interface by the subsequent adhesive.

[0045] S2: Interface structure processing employs precision CNC engraving or laser processing techniques to create an array of tenons with fractal contours, tapers, and microgrooves on the panel composite surface, and a matching array of grooves on the corresponding surface of the core layer. The depth of the micron-level grooves is 10-100 micrometers, and the width is 5-50 micrometers.

[0046] S3: Applying adhesive, which involves using an adhesive applicator to evenly apply adhesive to the processed interface of the panel or core layer.

[0047] S4: Assembly: Align and stack the top panel, core layer, and bottom panel in sequence to ensure that the tenon and groove are initially aligned.

[0048] S5: Hot-press lamination. The preforms are fed into a hot press and pressed according to a preset temperature-pressure-time curve, ensuring complete engagement of the tenon and groove. The adhesive flows, fills, and cures. During the press closing process, the tapered fractal tenon tip first contacts and guides interlayer alignment. As pressure increases, the tapered surface slides, causing the board to automatically correct minor misalignments. After adhesive is applied and the boards are laminated, the micron-level groove network on the tenon sidewalls and top actively guides the adhesive to flow and fill the interlocking structure and edge areas through capillary action, ensuring uniform pre-distribution of the adhesive in complex interface geometry and reducing areas of insufficient adhesive or air bubble accumulation. Finally, under the set temperature and pressure, the tenon and groove are completely fitted together, and the adhesive layer cures simultaneously, achieving simultaneous molding of mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding.

[0049] S6: Post-processing: After pressure holding and cooling, the product is removed for inspection and cutting. The cutting step utilizes the laser cutting dust removal device described in Example 1. The inspection process includes dimensional inspection using a dimensional measuring instrument, mechanical property testing (such as peel strength) using a universal testing machine, and non-destructive testing of internal defects using an ultrasonic flaw detector.

[0050] The implementation principle of Embodiment 2 of this application is as follows: The fractal geometric interlocking structure on the interface between the panel and the core layer consists of an array of self-similar nested tenons and grooves at macroscopic to microscopic scales. During the hot-pressing composite process, the tenons and grooves interlock and embed with each other, forming a multi-scale mechanical interlocking network, realizing the synergistic enhancement effect of mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding, fundamentally improving the reliability and robustness of the interface bonding; the micron-level groove network on the sidewalls and tops of the tenons actively guides the adhesive to flow and fill the deep and edge areas of the interlocking structure through capillary action after the adhesive is applied, ensuring the uniform pre-distribution of the adhesive in the complex interface geometry, effectively reducing areas of insufficient adhesive or bubble accumulation, and eliminating initial interface defects; fractal interlocking unit The periodic arrangement, distribution density, and unit size of the interlocking nodes are topologically optimized based on the expected main stress direction of the plate, enabling the interlocking node array to more effectively disperse and transform interlayer shear and tensile stresses into compressive stress and frictional force of the tenon structure. This significantly reduces the stress peak value per unit area of ​​the adhesive layer, thereby inhibiting the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks and greatly improving the structural durability, delamination resistance, and blistering resistance of the composite plate under long-term alternating loads. The tapered fractal tenons first contact and guide interlayer alignment during the press closure process. As pressure increases, the tapered surface slips, causing the plate to automatically correct minor misalignments, reducing the stringent requirements for assembly precision and improving the compatibility and stability of the production process. The above aluminum plate preparation method, combined with a dust removal device, achieves efficient dust removal and environmentally friendly processing during the laser cutting process while obtaining high-quality multilayer composite aluminum plates. Example

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the difference between this embodiment three and embodiment one is that: support plates 20 are fixedly welded to both sides of the workbench 2, and a first hydraulic rod 21 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the support plate 20 away from the workbench 2. A push plate 22 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first hydraulic rod 21. A slide rail 23 is fixedly provided on the support plate 20, and a supplementary plate 24 is slidably connected to the slide rail 23. A groove adapted to the slide rail 23 is opened on the side of the supplementary plate 24. The push plate 22 abuts against the side wall of the supplementary plate 24 to push the supplementary plate 24 to abut against the side wall of the aluminum material, flush with the upper surface of the aluminum material to be cut. The bottom end of the outer cover 11 is used to abut against both the surface of the aluminum material and the surface of the supplementary support plate 20. An avoidance groove 25 is opened on the supplementary support plate 20 at the position of the extension line of the cutting line to avoid damage to the support plate 20 when the laser cuts along the contour to the edge of the plate. The supplementary plate 24 is selected according to the thickness of the aluminum plate to be cut. The supplementary plate 24 is snapped onto the slide 23 so that the supplementary plate 24 is flush with the upper surface of the aluminum plate. This ensures that the bottom of the outer cover 11 always has a continuous and unsuspended support plane in the entire cutting area, effectively eliminating the sealing failure and dust leakage caused by the height difference between the aluminum material and the worktable 2.

[0052] The implementation principle of Embodiment 3 of this application is as follows: By setting up quickly replaceable thickness compensation mechanisms on both sides of the workbench 2, a supplementary plate 24 of selected thickness is pushed to the side wall of the aluminum material using a hydraulic pusher plate 22, so that the upper surface of the supplementary plate 24 is precisely flush with the upper surface of the aluminum material to be cut, thereby constructing a continuous and uninterrupted support plane between the aluminum material and the workbench 2; the bottom end of the outer cover 11 is simultaneously pressed against the surface of the aluminum material and the surface of the supplementary plate 24, obtaining continuous sealed support over the entire area, eliminating the height difference gap caused by changes in plate thickness, and fundamentally blocking the path of cutting dust leaking out along the gap. The supplementary plate 24 has a pre-set avoidance groove 25 at the extension line of the cutting contour, which ensures the continuity of support while avoiding laser damage to the support structure.

[0053] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laser cutting dust removal device in a method for preparing multi-layer composite aluminum plates, characterized in that: The system includes a frame (1) and a worktable (2). A mounting block (3) is movably connected to the frame (1). The mounting block (3) is located above the worktable (2), and a laser cutting head (4) is mounted on the side of the mounting block (3) facing the worktable (2). An annular dust collection hood (5) is provided on the mounting block (3) and is coaxially arranged with the laser cutting head (4). An annular pipe (6) is provided on the inner side of the annular dust collection hood (5). The annular pipe (6) is used to communicate with an external air source. The circumferential wall of the shaped pipe (6) is provided with a plurality of jet nozzles (7) that are inclined downward toward the axis of the laser cutting head (4); the annular dust suction hood (5) is provided with a negative pressure interface that communicates with the inside of the annular dust suction hood (5); the frame (1) is provided with an air suction pump (8) that is connected to the negative pressure interface; the frame (1) is also provided with a filter device (9); the end of the air suction pump (8) away from the negative pressure interface is connected to the filter device (9); The laser cutting dust removal device is used to cut multi-layer composite aluminum plates, which are prepared by a method including the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Cleaning, degreasing, and drying the composite surface of the aluminum alloy panel. S2. Interface structure processing: Using precision CNC engraving or laser processing technology, a tenon array with fractal contours, tapers and microgrooves is processed on the panel composite surface, and a matching groove array is processed on the corresponding surface of the core layer. S3. Applying adhesive: The adhesive is evenly applied to the processed interface of the panel or core layer using an adhesive application device. S4. Assembly: Align and stack the top panel, core layer, and bottom panel in sequence to ensure that the tenon and groove are initially aligned. S5. Hot pressing composite: The blank is fed into a hot press and pressed according to the preset temperature-pressure-time curve to make the tenon and groove fully engage, and the adhesive flows, fills and cures. S6. Post-processing: After pressure holding and cooling, the product is taken out for inspection and then cut using a laser cutting dust removal device.

2. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple jet nozzles (7) are evenly distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the annular pipe (6), and the angle between the axis of the jet nozzle (7) and the horizontal plane is 30°~60°.

3. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular dust collection hood (5) includes an inner cover (10) and an outer cover (11) fitted over the inner cover. A negative pressure cavity is formed between the inner cover (10) and the outer cover (11). The inner cover (10) is fixedly connected to the mounting block (3). The mounting block (3) has an annular sliding groove (12) extending in the vertical direction. The outer cover (11) is slidably connected in the annular sliding groove (12). Under the action of gravity, the bottom end of the outer cover (11) abuts against the surface of the workbench (2) or the surface of the aluminum material to be cut.

4. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 3, characterized in that: A spring (13) is fixedly connected inside the sliding groove, and the two ends of the spring (13) are fixedly connected to the top of the outer cover (11) and the inner wall of the sliding groove, respectively.

5. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower end face of the outer cover (11) is lower than the lower end face of the inner cover, the lower end face of the inner cover is lower than the lower end outlet of the air nozzle (7), and an annular smoke inlet gap is formed between the lower end face of the inner cover and the lower end face of the outer cover (11).

6. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: The negative pressure interface is connected to the air inlet of the suction pump (8) through the dust suction pipe (14), and the air outlet of the suction pump (8) is connected to the filter device (9) through the air delivery pipe (15). The upper middle part of the side wall of the outer cover (11), the outer wall of the dust suction pipe (14) and the outer wall of the air delivery pipe (15) are all wrapped with electric heating tape (16). The electric heating tape (16) is covered with a heat insulation layer (17). The electric heating tape (16) is used to maintain the temperature of the flue gas contacting the wall surface at 160℃~200℃. The outer wall of the bottom end of the outer cover (11) is not provided with an electric heating tape (16), and the bottom end of the outer cover (11) is provided with a heat insulation ring (18), which is used to abut against the surface of the aluminum material to be cut or the surface of the workbench (2).

7. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the annular dust hood (5), the inner wall of the dust suction pipe (14), and the inner wall of the air supply pipe (15) are all coated with a high-temperature resistant anti-stick coating, which is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating or a ceramic-based composite anti-stick coating.

8. The dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the outer cover (11) is provided with a flexible sealing element (19), which is a high-temperature resistant silicone sheet or a felt sealing strip. The flexible sealing element (19) is used to cover the surface of the aluminum material to be cut, the surface of the workbench (2), and the height difference area between the aluminum material and the workbench (2) when the outer cover (11) comes into contact with it.

9. A dust removal device for laser cutting of multi-layer composite aluminum plates according to claim 8, characterized in that... The workbench (2) is fixedly provided with support plates (20) on both sides. A first hydraulic rod (21) is fixedly installed on the support plate (20). A push plate (22) is fixedly connected to the piston of the first hydraulic rod (21). A slide rail (23) is provided on the support plate (20). A supplementary plate (24) is slidably connected on the slide rail (23). The push plate (22) abuts against the side wall of the supplementary plate (24) and pushes the supplementary plate towards the aluminum material to be cut. An avoidance groove (25) is provided on the supplementary plate (24) at the position on the extension line of the cutting line. The slide rail (23) can be replaced with supplementary plates (24) of different thicknesses according to the thickness of the aluminum material to be cut, so that the upper surface of the supplementary plate (24) is flush with the upper surface of the aluminum material to be cut. The bottom end of the outer cover (11) is used to simultaneously abut against the surface of the aluminum material and the surface of the supplementary support plate (20).

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