Railway vehicle sheet metal part laser cutting device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of laser cutting, and particularly relates to a rail car sheet metal part laser cutting device, which comprises a machine body assembly, a plurality of tooth-shaped workbenches and a frame, the plurality of tooth-shaped workbenches are arranged on the frame along a third direction; and an induction dust collection assembly is arranged on the frame along a second direction. The present application sets an induction mechanism, adopts elastic bimetallic strips as temperature sensing elements, when the high temperature generated by the cutting point is sensed by the elastic bimetallic strips, the elastic bimetallic strips are bent by heat and pull the flow splitter cover to slide along the second direction through the connecting rod, so that the suction groove is aligned with the long air groove of the distribution groove, and then the device only sucks at the cutting position, realizes local high negative pressure suction, effectively collects slag and smoke dust, avoids the slag from falling into the machine body, and at the same time, since the suction only occurs at the cutting position, the non-cutting area does not participate in the suction, the invalid work of the suction pump is greatly reduced, and the suction energy consumption can be significantly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, specifically to a laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing process of rail passenger car bodies, sheet metal cutting is the first step, and its quality directly affects the subsequent welding quality and production efficiency. The car body structure covers a variety of materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, and carbon steel. The sheet metal is large in size and the demand for batch cutting is high. Laser cutting has become an important process for processing sheet metal parts of rail passenger cars due to its high speed, high efficiency, high precision, and high adaptability. During the laser cutting process, the laser beam melts or vaporizes the workpiece material, and the high-pressure gas coaxial with the beam blows away the molten material. This generates a large amount of high-temperature slag and dust at the cutting point. If these byproducts are not removed in time, they will not only pollute the working environment and harm the health of operators, but also adhere to the inside of the equipment, affecting the cutting quality and accelerating equipment wear.

[0003] To address the aforementioned byproduct removal issues, existing laser cutting equipment typically incorporates a suction device beneath the workpiece. However, traditional laser cutting tables often employ an integral or normally open negative pressure chamber structure. This means that once the cutting operation begins, the negative pressure chamber on the worktable is fully open, placing the entire space enclosed by the machine bed under negative pressure. This normally open suction mode, due to the continuously open suction port, disperses the negative pressure of the suction pump across the entire worktable surface, resulting in insufficient localized negative pressure directly below the cutting point. This makes it difficult to create a sufficiently concentrated and efficient negative pressure airflow near the processing point, preventing the timely and complete removal of molten slag and fumes. Some of the molten slag, under gravity, falls into the machine bed. The molten slag inside the machine body causes cleaning difficulties and equipment contamination. If it is not removed in time, it will cause secondary damage during subsequent cutting. At the same time, the suction port in the non-cutting area is also in a constantly open state. A large amount of power of the suction pump is consumed in the ineffective area far away from the cutting point, resulting in a large load on the fan, easy wear and tear, low air extraction efficiency, and high operating costs. Although existing technologies have proposed improvement solutions such as zoned processing and opening corresponding sub-cavity fans for the cutting head range, these solutions often require the configuration of complex electrical control systems to track the position of the cutting head in real time and control the opening and closing of valves in the corresponding areas, which increases the failure rate of electrical control and the difficulty of operation and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles, comprising a body assembly, including multiple toothed worktables and a frame, wherein the multiple toothed worktables are arranged on the frame along a third direction; A dust collection assembly is mounted on a frame along a second direction. The assembly includes a suction mechanism, multiple speed-regulating mechanisms, an adjustable dust collection mechanism, and a sensing mechanism. The suction mechanism is mounted on the frame along a third direction. The multiple speed-regulating mechanisms are sequentially arranged along the third direction. The speed-regulating mechanisms are fixedly mounted on the suction mechanism. The adjustable dust collection mechanism is mounted on the speed-regulating mechanism. The fixed end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism is mounted on a toothed worktable, and the movable end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism is slidably connected along the second direction. The fixed end of the sensing mechanism is mounted on the fixed end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism, and the output end of the sensing mechanism is mounted on the movable end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism, used to drive the movable end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism to move along the second direction.

[0006] Preferably, the body assembly further includes a multi-axis motion mechanism, which is disposed on the frame along the second direction, and a laser cutting head is disposed on the multi-axis motion mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the toothed worktable includes a mounting strip, a toothed support strip, and a limiting pin. The mounting strip is slidably connected to the frame in a third direction. The toothed support strip is mounted on the mounting strip in a second direction. The limiting pin is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting strip in a first direction. The limiting pin is slidably connected to the frame in the first direction.

[0008] Preferably, the suction mechanism includes a collection tank and a filter screen. The collection tank is fixedly installed on the surface of the frame along the second direction. A suction pump is fixedly installed on the surface of the frame along the third direction. The suction pipe of the suction pump extends out of the surface of the frame along the third direction. The suction pipe of the suction pump is connected to the collection tank. The filter screen is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the collection tank.

[0009] Preferably, the adjustable dust collection mechanism includes multiple distribution slots, ventilation slots, and diversion hoods. The multiple distribution slots are arranged sequentially along a third direction. The surface of each distribution slot along the third direction has an elongated air groove extending in a first direction. The ventilation groove is fixedly installed on the surface of the distribution slot along the third direction. Multiple diversion hoods are arranged sequentially along the first direction and can be slidably connected to the distribution slots along a second direction. The surface of each diversion hood along the third direction has a suction groove. The surface of each diversion hood along the second direction has a suction port. The surface of each distribution slot along the second direction has two guide plates symmetrically distributed about the suction grooves, which are hinged to the surface of two adjacent mounting strips along the third direction.

[0010] Preferably, the sensing mechanism includes a mounting base and a connecting rod. The mounting base is fixedly installed on the surface of the distribution groove along a third direction. A protective shell is fixedly installed on the surface of the mounting base along a second direction. The connecting rod extends out of the surface of the protective shell along a second direction. An elastic bimetallic strip extending along the second direction is provided between the connecting rod and the protective shell. The surface of the connecting rod along the second direction is fixedly connected to the surface of the diverter along the second direction.

[0011] Preferably, the system further includes a displacement assembly, which includes a cylinder and a transmission mechanism. The cylinder is fixedly mounted on the surface of the frame along the second direction, and the transmission mechanism is disposed on the cylinder rod of the cylinder along the second direction. The output end of the transmission mechanism is disposed on the mounting strip.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a slide rail, a support pin, a support groove, and a connecting block. The slide rail is fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder rod along the second direction. The support pin protrudes from the surface of the slide rail along the third direction and is threadedly engaged with the slide rail. The support groove is formed on the surface of the frame along the third direction. The support pin is slidably connected in the support groove along the second direction. The connecting block is slidably connected to the surface of the slide rail along the first direction. A guide pin is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting block facing the slide rail. The guide pin is slidably connected in the slide rail along the third direction. Two adjusting rods are hinged to the surface of the connecting block along the third direction, symmetrically distributed about the connecting block. The two adjusting rods are hinged to two adjacent mounting strips.

[0013] Preferably, the speed regulating mechanism includes a connecting cylinder, a metal hose, a slide cylinder, and a corrugated sleeve. The connecting cylinder is fixedly installed on the surface of the collection tank along the second direction. One end of the metal hose is fixedly installed on the connecting cylinder, and the other end is fixed on the venting groove. The slide cylinder extends out of the surface of the collection tank along the second direction. An axially extending vent is provided on the circumferential surface of the slide cylinder. A sliding pin is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the slide cylinder. An axially extending sliding groove is provided on the circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder. The sliding pin is slidably connected to the sliding groove along the second direction. The corrugated sleeve is disposed inside the connecting cylinder along the second direction, with one end fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting cylinder along the second direction and the other end fixedly connected to the surface of the collection tank along the second direction. The sliding pin extends radially out of the circumferential surface of the corrugated sleeve. A support ring is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding pin away from the slide cylinder. The support ring is slidably connected to the circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder along the second direction. A support rod is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the support ring, and the end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the surface of the slide rail along the second direction.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention employs an elastic bimetallic strip as a temperature-sensing element in its sensing mechanism. When the high temperature generated at the cutting point is sensed by the elastic bimetallic strip, it bends due to heat and pulls the diversion hood along a second direction via a connecting rod. This aligns and connects the long air slots of the suction groove and the distribution groove, allowing the device to perform suction only at the cutting location. This achieves localized high negative pressure suction, effectively collecting molten slag and dust, and preventing molten slag from falling into the machine body. Furthermore, since suction only occurs at the cutting location, non-cutting areas do not participate in suction, significantly reducing the ineffective work of the suction pump and substantially lowering suction energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the collection tank structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the connecting cylinder structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the toothed support strip structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the distribution groove structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial perspective view of the distribution groove structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the flow divider structure of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 100, Body assembly; 110, Toothed worktable; 111, Mounting strip; 112, Toothed support strip; 113, Limit pin; 120, Frame; 130, Multi-axis motion mechanism; 200, Induction dust collection assembly; 210, Suction mechanism; 211, Collection tank; 212, Suction pump; 213, Filter screen; 220, Speed ​​control mechanism; 221, Connecting cylinder; 222, Metal hose; 223, Slide cylinder; 224, Air outlet; 225, Sliding pin; 226, Slide groove; 227, Corrugated sleeve; 228, Support ring; 229. 230. Support rod; 231. Adjustable dust collection mechanism; 232. Distribution slot; 233. Long air slot; 234. Ventilation slot; 235. Diverter hood; 236. Suction slot; 237. Suction port; 240. Guide plate; 241. Sensing mechanism; 242. Mounting base; 243. Protective shell; 244. Elastic bimetallic strip; 245. Connecting rod; 300. Displacement assembly; 310. Cylinder; 320. Transmission mechanism; 321. Slide rail; 322. Support pin; 323. Support slot; 324. Connecting block; 325. Guide pin; 326. Adjustment rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-9 A laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles includes a body assembly 100, a plurality of toothed worktables 110 and a frame 120, wherein the plurality of toothed worktables 110 are arranged on the frame 120 along a third direction. The induction dust collection assembly 200 is disposed on the frame 120 along the second direction. The induction dust collection assembly 200 includes a suction mechanism 210, multiple speed adjustment mechanisms 220, an adjustable dust collection mechanism 230, and a sensing mechanism 240. The suction mechanism 210 is disposed on the frame 120 along the third direction. The multiple speed adjustment mechanisms 220 are arranged sequentially along the third direction. The speed adjustment mechanisms 220 are fixedly installed on the suction mechanism 210. The adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 is disposed on the speed adjustment mechanism 220. The fixed end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 is disposed on the toothed worktable 110. The moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 can be slidably connected along the second direction. The fixed end of the sensing mechanism 240 is disposed on the fixed end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230. The output end of the sensing mechanism 240 is disposed on the moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230, which is used to drive the moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 to move along the second direction. By setting up a body component 100 as the supporting base for the entire equipment, and setting up multiple toothed worktables 110 to form a support array that can be adjusted at equal intervals along a third direction, the equipment can adjust the rack gap according to the workpiece cutting size and position and actively avoid the cutting point. By setting up a sensing dust collection component 200, the equipment can collect slag and dust generated during the cutting process. By setting up a suction mechanism 210, the equipment can provide suction power and a channel for collecting dust. By setting up multiple speed regulating mechanisms 220, the equipment can adjust the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the suction passage according to the change of the gap of the toothed worktables 110, thereby controlling the size of the suction airflow. By setting up an adjustable dust collection mechanism 230, the equipment can change the opening size of the dust collection air duct according to the change of the gap of the toothed worktables 110 and guide slag and dust into the suction channel. By setting up a sensing mechanism 240, the equipment can sense the high temperature generated at the cutting point and drive the moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 to move along a second direction, thereby controlling the air path connection and realizing the local high negative pressure suction that is activated only as needed at the cutting location.

[0019] Specifically, the body assembly 100 also includes a multi-axis motion mechanism 130, which is disposed on the frame 120 along the second direction, and a laser cutting head is disposed on the multi-axis motion mechanism 130; By setting up a multi-axis motion mechanism 130 as a motion carrier for the laser cutting head, the laser cutting head can be accurately positioned and moved in the second direction. The laser cutting head is used to emit a laser beam and perform cutting operations on the workpiece.

[0020] Specifically, the toothed worktable 110 includes a mounting strip 111, a toothed support strip 112, and a limiting pin 113. The mounting strip 111 can be slidably connected to the frame 120 in a third direction. The toothed support strip 112 is mounted on the mounting strip 111 in a second direction. The limiting pin 113 is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting strip 111 in a first direction. The limiting pin 113 is slidably connected to the frame 120 in the first direction. The mounting strip 111 serves as a sliding base for the toothed worktable 110, supporting the toothed support strip 112 and driving it to move upward in the third direction. The toothed support strip 112 serves as a workpiece support structure, with its toothed top supporting the workpiece during the cutting process. It can also be adjusted equidistantly by sliding the mounting strip 111 to avoid the cutting point. The limiting pin 113 guides and limits the sliding of the mounting strip 111, ensuring that the mounting strip 111 remains stable when moving in the third direction and does not deflect or tilt.

[0021] Specifically, the suction mechanism 210 includes a collection tank 211 and a filter screen 213. The collection tank 211 is fixedly installed on the surface of the frame 120 along the second direction. A suction pump 212 is fixedly installed on the surface of the frame 120 along the third direction. The suction pipe of the suction pump 212 extends out of the surface of the frame 120 along the third direction. The suction pipe of the suction pump 212 is connected to the collection tank 211. The filter screen 213 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the collection tank 211. The collection tank 211 is set up as a collection container for molten slag and dust, receiving the dust-laden airflow delivered from the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230. The suction pump 212 is set up to provide negative pressure power for the entire suction system, drawing the airflow containing molten slag and dust out from the suction end through the collection tank 211. The filter screen 213 is set up to filter the airflow entering the collection tank 211, intercepting molten slag and solid particles, preventing them from entering the suction pump 212 and causing blockage or damage.

[0022] Specifically, the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 includes multiple distribution slots 231, ventilation slots 233, and diversion hoods 234. The multiple distribution slots 231 are arranged sequentially along a third direction. The surface of the distribution slots 231 along the third direction is provided with long air slots 232 extending along a first direction. The ventilation slots 233 are fixedly installed on the surface of the distribution slots 231 along the third direction. Multiple diversion hoods 234 are arranged sequentially along the first direction and can be slidably connected in the distribution slots 231 along the second direction. The surface of the diversion hoods 234 along the third direction is provided with suction slots 235. The surface of the diversion hoods 234 along the second direction is provided with suction ports 236. The surface of the distribution slots 231 along the second direction is hinged with two guide plates 237 that are symmetrically distributed about the suction slots 235. The two guide plates 237 are respectively hinged to the surfaces of two adjacent mounting strips 111 along the third direction. Multiple distribution slots 231 are provided as the main frame of the dust collection duct, accommodating the diversion hood 234 and guiding the airflow. Long air slots 232 serve as suction windows connecting the distribution slots 231 to the outside, allowing the diversion hood 234 to form an airflow channel after alignment. Ventilation slots 233 connect the metal flexible hose 222 of the speed control mechanism 220, introducing the dust-laden airflow from the distribution slots 231 into the suction mechanism 210. The diversion hood 234 serves as a movable suction port, its sliding position determining the suction slot 23. The alignment degree of 5 with the long air groove 232 controls the start and stop of suction. By setting the suction groove 235, it is used to align with the long air groove 232 after the diversion hood 234 slides into place, forming a through airflow channel. By setting the suction port 236, it is used as the inlet for molten slag and dust to enter the diversion hood 234, directly facing the area below the cutting point. By setting two guide plates 237, it is used to swing with the sliding of the mounting strip 111, thereby changing the size of the opening between the two guide plates 237, forming a dust collection air duct that opens and closes adaptively with the gap of the toothed support strip 112. By setting the sensing mechanism 240 to use an elastic bimetallic strip 243 as a temperature sensing element, when the high temperature generated at the cutting point is sensed by the elastic bimetallic strip 243, the elastic bimetallic strip 243 is heated and bent, and pulls the diversion hood 234 to slide in the second direction through the connecting rod 244, so that the suction groove 235 is aligned and connected with the long air groove 232 of the distribution groove 231. This allows the device to only suction at the cutting location, achieving local high negative pressure suction, effectively collecting slag and dust, and preventing slag from falling into the machine body. At the same time, since suction only occurs at the cutting location, the non-cutting area does not participate in suction, greatly reducing the ineffective work of the suction pump 212, which can significantly reduce suction energy consumption.

[0023] Specifically, the sensing mechanism 240 includes a mounting base 241 and a connecting rod 244. The mounting base 241 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the distribution groove 231 along the third direction. A protective shell 242 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the mounting base 241 along the second direction. The connecting rod 244 extends out of the surface of the protective shell 242 along the second direction. An elastic bimetallic strip 243 extending along the second direction is provided between the connecting rod 244 and the protective shell 242. The surface of the connecting rod 244 along the second direction is fixedly connected to the surface of the diverter 234 along the second direction. The mounting base 241 serves as a fixed base for the sensing mechanism 240, providing mounting support for other components. The protective shell 242 serves as a protective shell for the elastic bimetallic strip 243, isolating it from external high-temperature splashes and laser radiation. The elastic bimetallic strip 243 serves as a temperature-sensing driving element. When the high temperature generated at the cutting point is conducted to the elastic bimetallic strip 243, it bends due to heat, generating mechanical displacement, thereby driving the connecting rod 244 to move in the second direction. The connecting rod 244 is used to transmit the bending displacement of the elastic bimetallic strip 243 to the flow divider 234, causing the flow divider 234 to slide in the second direction.

[0024] Specifically, it also includes a displacement assembly 300, which includes a cylinder 310 and a transmission mechanism 320. The cylinder 310 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the frame 120 along the second direction, and the transmission mechanism 320 is disposed on the cylinder rod of the cylinder 310 along the second direction. The output end of the transmission mechanism 320 is disposed on the mounting strip 111. By setting cylinder 310 as the power source of displacement component 300, providing linear driving force along the second direction, and by setting transmission mechanism 320, the linear motion of cylinder 310 is converted into mechanical motion that drives mounting strip 111 to slide along the third direction, and the synchronous equidistant adjustment of multiple mounting strips 111 is realized.

[0025] Specifically, the transmission mechanism 320 includes a slide rail 321, a support pin 322, a support groove 323, and a connecting block 324. The slide rail 321 is fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder rod of the cylinder 310 along the second direction. The support pin 322 extends out of the surface of the slide rail 321 along the third direction and is threadedly engaged with the slide rail 321. The support groove 323 is opened on the surface of the frame 120 along the third direction. The support pin 322 is slidably connected in the second direction within the support groove 323. The connecting block 324 is slidably connected in the third direction to the surface of the slide rail 321 along the first direction. A guide pin 325 is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting block 324 facing the slide rail 321. The guide pin 325 is slidably connected in the third direction within the slide rail 321. Two adjusting rods 326 are hinged to the surface of the connecting block 324 along the third direction, which are symmetrically distributed about the connecting block 324. The two adjusting rods 326 are hinged to two adjacent mounting strips 111. By setting a slide rail 321, which serves as the moving base of the transmission mechanism 320, it moves along the second direction with the cylinder rod and provides a sliding track for the connecting block 324. By setting a support pin 322, which serves as a guide and limiting member for the slide rail 321, it constrains the slide rail 321 from deflection during movement. By setting a support groove 323, which serves as a guide groove for the support pin 322, it limits the support pin 322 to sliding only along the first direction, thereby ensuring that the slide rail 321 moves smoothly along the second direction. By setting a connecting block 324, which serves as a transfer member for power transmission, it converts the second direction movement of the slide rail 321 into the third direction sliding of the mounting strip 111. By setting a guide pin 325, it guides the connecting block 324 to slide along the third direction on the slide rail 321, ensuring that the movement direction of the connecting block 324 is accurate. By setting two adjusting rods 326, it converts the sliding of the connecting block 324 along the third direction into the synchronous equidistant movement of the mounting strip 111 along the third direction. By setting the cylinder 310 to drive the slide rail 321 to move along the second direction, the support pin 322 drives the control rod 326 to deflect through the connecting block 324. This can drive multiple mounting strips 111 to slide synchronously and equidistantly along the third direction. As a result, the gap between the multiple toothed support strips 112 can be adjusted equidistantly according to the workpiece cutting size and position before cutting, and actively avoid the cutting point. This prevents the laser beam from directly irradiating the toothed support strips 112 during the cutting process, reducing the possibility of the toothed support strips 112 being burned and melted, and extending the service life of the toothed strips. At the same time, there are no toothed strips blocking below the cutting point, and the molten metal falls smoothly. The burrs and slag on the back of the workpiece are greatly reduced, and the quality of the cutting section is improved.

[0026] Specifically, the speed regulating mechanism 220 includes a connecting cylinder 221, a metal hose 222, a sliding cylinder 223, and a corrugated sleeve 227. The connecting cylinder 221 is fixedly installed on the surface of the collection tank 211 along the second direction. One end of the metal hose 222 is fixedly installed on the connecting cylinder 221, and the other end is fixed on the venting groove 233. The sliding cylinder 223 extends out of the surface of the collection tank 211 along the second direction. An axially extending vent 224 is provided on the circumferential surface of the sliding cylinder 223. A sliding pin 225 is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the sliding cylinder 223. An axially extending sliding groove 226 is provided on the circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder 221. The sliding pin 225 slides along the second direction. A corrugated sleeve 227 is disposed inside the connecting cylinder 221 along the second direction and connected at one end to the surface of the connecting cylinder 221 along the second direction, and at the other end to the surface of the collecting trough 211 along the second direction. A sliding pin 225 passes through the circumferential surface of the corrugated sleeve 227 along the radial direction of the connecting cylinder 221. A support ring 228 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding pin 225 away from the sliding cylinder 223. The support ring 228 is slidably connected to the circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder 221 along the second direction. A support rod 229 is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the support ring 228. The end of the support rod 229 is fixedly connected to the surface of the slide rail 321 along the second direction. By providing a connecting cylinder 221 as a fixed housing for the speed regulating mechanism 220, accommodating the slide cylinder 223, and providing sliding guidance, and by providing a flexible metal hose 222 as a flexible connecting pipe to introduce the dust-laden airflow from the distribution groove 231 into the connecting cylinder 221, while accommodating the slight displacement of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 caused by the rack adjustment, and by providing a slide cylinder 223 as an adjusting element for the suction passage opening, the slide cylinder 223 changes the overlap area between the air exchange port 224 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 when sliding in the second direction, thereby controlling the airflow cross-sectional area, and by providing an air exchange port 224 as a window for airflow to enter the interior of the slide cylinder 223, the overlap area between the air exchange port 224 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 changes with the sliding cylinder 223. The sliding mechanism changes as it slides. By setting a sliding pin 225, the axial movement of the support ring 228 is transmitted to the slide cylinder 223, causing the slide cylinder 223 to move synchronously. By setting a sliding groove 226, the sliding pin 225 is accommodated and provided with axial sliding guidance, while restricting the rotational freedom of the slide cylinder 223. By setting a corrugated sleeve 227, it is used as a sealing element to prevent airflow from leaking out from the sliding pin 225, while allowing the sliding pin 225 to move axially. By setting a support ring 228, it is used as an intermediate part connecting the sliding pin 225 and the support rod 229, and the thrust of the support rod 229 is evenly transmitted to the sliding pin 225. By setting a support rod 229, it is used to transmit the movement of the slide rail 321 to the support ring 228, thereby driving the slide cylinder 223 to slide. The slide rail 321 drives the support rod 229 to move, thereby causing the slide cylinder 223 of the speed regulating mechanism 220 to move and change the opening of the suction passage. When the cylinder 310 drives the slide rail 321 to move in the second direction, the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 changes uniformly. At the same time, the movement of the slide rail 321 drives the support ring 228 to slide axially along the connecting cylinder 221 through the support rod 229. The support ring 228 drives the slide cylinder 223 to move synchronously within the connecting cylinder 221 through the sliding pin 225, thereby changing the overlapping area of ​​the air exchange port 224 on the slide cylinder 223 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221, so that the overlapping area of ​​the air exchange port 224 on the slide cylinder 223 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 changes with the phase. The gap between adjacent toothed support bars 112 changes synchronously. When the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 increases, the overlapping area of ​​the air exchange port 224 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 increases synchronously. When the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 decreases, the overlapping area of ​​the air exchange port 224 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 decreases synchronously. This allows the suction intensity of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 at the workpiece cutting position to remain relatively stable within the adjustment range of the gap between the toothed support bars 112. This ensures that when the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 is large, the suction force is sufficient to clean the molten slag. At the same time, it reduces the interference of excessive suction intensity on the laser beam when the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 is too small.

[0027] The specific implementation process of this invention is as follows: Before operation, the equipment first performs cutting preparation. The cylinder 310 is started, and its cylinder rod extends or retracts along the second direction, driving the slide rail 321 fixedly connected to the cylinder rod to move along the second direction. When the slide rail 321 moves, the support pin 322 protruding from its surface slides along the second direction in the support groove 323 of the frame 120, providing guiding constraints for the slide rail 321 and ensuring that its movement is smooth and does not deflect. At the same time, the connecting block 324 on the slide rail 321, guided by the guide pin 325, moves along the third direction on the slide rail 321. The sliding connecting block 324 drives two adjacent mounting strips 111 to move synchronously along a third direction through two symmetrically hinged adjusting rods 326. Since multiple mounting strips 111 are connected in series through adjusting rods 326, all mounting strips 111 slide at equal distances in one movement of slide rail 321, thereby driving the toothed support strips 112 fixed on it to move synchronously, so that the gap between adjacent toothed support strips 112 can be adjusted at equal distances according to the workpiece cutting size and position, and the toothed support strips 112 actively avoid the cutting point, preparing for subsequent cutting operations; After the cutting operation begins, the multi-axis motion mechanism 130 drives the laser cutting head to move along the second direction and cuts the workpiece according to the preset trajectory. The laser beam continues to propagate downward after penetrating the workpiece. However, since the toothed support bar 112 has been avoided before cutting, there is an open cavity without the toothed bar blocking the cutting point. The laser beam will not directly irradiate the toothed support bar 112, thereby avoiding the toothed bar from being burned or melted. At the same time, the molten metal can fall smoothly, reducing burrs and slag on the back of the workpiece. During the cutting process, when the high temperature generated at the cutting point is transferred to the elastic bimetallic strip 243 inside the protective shell 242 through air conduction and heat radiation, the elastic bimetallic strip 243 bends due to heat, generating mechanical displacement, which drives the connecting rod 244 to move along the second direction. The connecting rod 244 then pulls the diversion hood 234 to slide along the second direction in the distribution groove 231, so that the suction groove 235 on the diversion hood 234 is aligned and connected with the long air groove 232 on the distribution groove 231. At this time, the high-temperature molten slag and dust below the cutting point, under the negative pressure generated by the suction pump 212, enter the diversion hood 234 through the air duct formed by the guide plate 237 and the suction port 236, and then enter the distribution groove 231 through the suction groove 235 and the long air groove 232. Subsequently, it enters the connecting cylinder 221 through the ventilation groove 233 and the metal hose 222, and finally flows into the collection groove 211. The filter screen 213 in the collection groove 211 intercepts molten slag and solid particles, and the purified slag and dust are then transported to the distribution groove 231. Gas is discharged by suction pump 212. After the temperature drops after cutting, the elastic bimetallic strip 243 returns to its original shape and pushes the diversion hood 234 to reset via connecting rod 244. The suction groove 235 and the long gas groove 232 are misaligned and closed, and suction at this position stops. By setting a sensing mechanism 240 with elastic bimetallic strip 243 as a temperature sensing element, when the high temperature generated at the cutting point is sensed by elastic bimetallic strip 243, elastic bimetallic strip 243 is heated and bent and pulls diversion hood 234 to slide in the second direction via connecting rod 244, so that suction groove 235 and long gas groove 232 of distribution groove 231 are aligned and connected. Thus, the device only suctions at the cutting position, realizing local high negative pressure suction, effectively collecting slag and dust, and preventing slag from falling into the machine body. At the same time, since suction only occurs at the cutting position, non-cutting areas do not participate in suction, greatly reducing the ineffective work of suction pump 212 and significantly reducing suction energy consumption. When the cylinder 310 drives the slide rail 321 to move in the second direction, thereby causing the mounting strip 111 to slide to change the rack clearance, the same movement of the slide rail 321 drives the support ring 228 to slide axially along the connecting cylinder 221 via the support rod 229 fixed thereon. The support ring 228 drives the slide cylinder 223 to move synchronously within the connecting cylinder 221 via the sliding pin 225, thereby changing the overlapping area of ​​the air exchange port 224 on the slide cylinder 223 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221. At the same time, the two guide plates 237 hinged to the adjacent mounting strips 111 swing with the sliding of the mounting strips 111, causing the air duct opening area between the two guide plates 237 to change synchronously. The resulting linkage relationship is: when the rack clearance increases, the air duct opening expands, and at the same time, the air exchange port... As the overlap area between the air inlet 224 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 increases, the opening of the suction passage increases; as the gap between the racks decreases, the opening of the air duct narrows. At the same time, the overlap area between the air inlet 224 and the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 221 decreases, and the opening of the suction passage decreases. The slide rail 321 drives the support rod 229 to move, which in turn causes the slide cylinder 223 of the speed regulating mechanism 220 to move and change the opening of the suction passage. This allows the suction intensity of the adjustable dust collection mechanism 230 at the workpiece cutting position to remain relatively stable within the adjustment range of the gap between the toothed support bars 112. When the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 is large, the suction force is sufficient to clean the molten slag. At the same time, it reduces the interference of excessive suction intensity on the laser beam when the gap between two adjacent toothed support bars 112 is too small.

[0028] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles, characterized in that: Includes a body assembly (100), including a plurality of toothed worktables (110) and a frame (120), wherein the plurality of toothed worktables (110) are arranged on the frame (120) along a third direction; A dust collection assembly (200) is mounted on a frame (120) along a second direction. The dust collection assembly (200) includes a suction mechanism (210), multiple speed-regulating mechanisms (220), an adjustable dust collection mechanism (230), and a sensing mechanism (240). The suction mechanism (210) is mounted on the frame (120) along a third direction. Multiple speed-regulating mechanisms (220) are sequentially arranged along the third direction. The speed-regulating mechanisms (220) are fixedly mounted on the suction mechanism (210). The adjustable dust collection mechanism (240)... 30) The adjustable dust collection mechanism (230) is set on the speed regulating mechanism (220). The fixed end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism (230) is set on the toothed worktable (110). The moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism (230) can slide along the second direction. The fixed end of the sensing mechanism (240) is set on the fixed end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism (230). The output end of the sensing mechanism (240) is set on the moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism (230) to drive the moving end of the adjustable dust collection mechanism (230) to move along the second direction.

2. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body assembly (100) also includes a multi-axis motion mechanism (130), which is arranged on the frame (120) along a second direction, and a laser cutting head is provided on the multi-axis motion mechanism (130).

3. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toothed worktable (110) includes a mounting strip (111), a toothed support strip (112), and a limiting pin (113). The mounting strip (111) is slidably connected to the frame (120) in a third direction. The toothed support strip (112) is mounted on the mounting strip (111) in a second direction. The mounting strip (111) is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting strip (111) in a first direction. The limiting pin (113) is slidably connected to the frame (120) in the first direction.

4. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction mechanism (210) includes a collection tank (211) and a filter screen (213). The collection tank (211) is fixedly installed on the surface of the frame (120) along the second direction. A suction pump (212) is fixedly installed on the surface of the frame (120) along the third direction. The suction pipe of the suction pump (212) extends out of the surface of the frame (120) along the third direction. The suction pipe of the suction pump (212) is connected to the collection tank (211). The filter screen (213) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the collection tank (211).

5. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of railway passenger cars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable dust collection mechanism (230) includes multiple distribution slots (231), ventilation slots (233), and diversion hoods (234). The multiple distribution slots (231) are arranged sequentially along a third direction. The surface of the distribution slots (231) along the third direction is provided with an elongated air slot (232) extending along a first direction. The ventilation slots (233) are fixedly installed on the surface of the distribution slots (231) along the third direction. Multiple diversion hoods (234) are arranged sequentially along the first direction and can be slidably connected in the distribution slots (231) along a second direction. The surface of the diversion hoods (234) along the third direction is provided with a suction slot (235). The surface of the diversion hoods (234) along the second direction is provided with a suction port (236). The surface of the distribution slots (231) along the second direction is hinged with two guide plates (237) symmetrically distributed about the suction slots (235). The two guide plates (237) are respectively hinged to the surfaces of two adjacent mounting strips (111) along the third direction.

6. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing mechanism (240) includes a mounting base (241) and a connecting rod (244). The mounting base (241) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the distribution groove (231) along a third direction. A protective shell (242) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the mounting base (241) along a second direction. The connecting rod (244) extends out of the surface of the protective shell (242) along a second direction. An elastic bimetallic strip (243) extending along a second direction is provided between the connecting rod (244) and the protective shell (242). The surface of the connecting rod (244) along a second direction is fixedly connected to the surface of the diverter (234) along a second direction.

7. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a displacement assembly (300), which includes a cylinder (310) and a transmission mechanism (320). The cylinder (310) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the frame (120) along the second direction, and the transmission mechanism (320) is disposed on the cylinder rod of the cylinder (310) along the second direction. The output end of the transmission mechanism (320) is disposed on the mounting strip (111).

8. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (320) includes a slide rail (321), a support pin (322), a support groove (323), and a connecting block (324). The slide rail (321) is fixedly connected to the surface of the cylinder rod of the cylinder (310) along the second direction. The support pin (322) extends out of the surface of the slide rail (321) along the third direction and is threadedly engaged with the slide rail (321). The support groove (323) is formed on the surface of the frame (120) along the third direction. The support pin (322) is slidably connected to the support groove (324) along the second direction. 23) Inside, the connecting block (324) is slidably connected to the surface of the slide rail (321) along the first direction in the third direction. The surface of the connecting block (324) facing the slide rail (321) is fixedly connected with a guide pin (325). The guide pin (325) is slidably connected to the slide rail (321) along the third direction. The surface of the connecting block (324) along the third direction is hinged with two adjusting rods (326) that are symmetrically distributed about the connecting block (324). The two adjusting rods (326) are hinged to two adjacent mounting strips (111).

9. The laser cutting equipment for sheet metal parts of rail passenger vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The speed regulating mechanism (220) includes a connecting cylinder (221), a metal hose (222), a slide cylinder (223), and a corrugated sleeve (227). The connecting cylinder (221) is fixedly installed on the surface of the collection tank (211) along the second direction. One end of the metal hose (222) is fixedly installed on the connecting cylinder (221), and the other end is fixed on the venting groove (233). The slide cylinder (223) extends out of the surface of the collection tank (211) along the second direction. An axially extending vent (224) is provided on the circumferential surface of the slide cylinder (223). A sliding pin (225) is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the slide cylinder (223). An axially extending sliding groove (226) is provided on the circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder (221). The sliding pin (225) extends along the second direction. The corrugated sleeve (227) is slidably connected in the groove (226), and is arranged in the connecting cylinder (221) along the second direction. One end is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting cylinder (221) along the second direction, and the other end is fixedly connected to the surface of the collecting groove (211) along the second direction. The sliding pin (225) passes through the circumferential surface of the corrugated sleeve (227) along the radial direction of the connecting cylinder (221). The end of the sliding pin (225) away from the sliding cylinder (223) is fixedly connected to a support ring (228). The support ring (228) is slidably connected to the circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder (221) along the second direction. A support rod (229) is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the support ring (228). The end of the support rod (229) is fixedly connected to the surface of the slide rail (321) along the second direction.

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