High-strength anti-impact lock washer intelligent production system for rail transit

Abstract

The application discloses a high-strength impact-resistant anti-loose gasket intelligent production system for rail transit, which comprises a forming unit, a heat treatment unit, a surface treatment unit and an online detection unit arranged in sequence, and an intelligent control unit in communication connection with each unit. The high-strength impact-resistant anti-loose gasket intelligent production system for rail transit disclosed by the application solves the problems that the existing gasket production line for rail transit cannot realize force-displacement closed-loop monitoring in the stamping process, cannot utilize quenching residual heat for collaborative surface strengthening, cannot simultaneously complete online full detection of surface and internal defects, and lacks data-driven self-adaptive optimization capability of process parameters, thereby resulting in insufficient impact-resistant anti-loose performance and batch consistency of the gasket.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent manufacturing technology for fasteners, specifically relating to an intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers used in rail transit. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, the connection between the car body and bogie of rail transit vehicles is subjected to high-frequency vibration and alternating impact loads over a long period of time. The gaskets used for fastening the connection are prone to loosening and fatigue cracking, which in turn affects driving safety. Most existing rail transit gaskets are made of a single metal material through stamping, heat treatment and surface anti-corrosion treatment. Their anti-loosening structure is usually a symmetrical sawtooth or flat friction surface, which is not reliable enough for anti-loosening under bidirectional vibration loads.

[0003] In the production process, existing gasket production lines generally have the following shortcomings: Firstly, the stamping process is controlled only according to the preset stroke, and there is a lack of real-time monitoring of the relationship between stamping load and displacement. When there are batch fluctuations in the thickness or material of the blank, it is difficult to guarantee the consistency of the dimensions of the gasket after forming. Secondly, the heat treatment process and the surface strengthening process are independent of each other. After the gasket is quenched, it needs to be cooled to room temperature before surface treatment. It is impossible to use the residual heat of quenching to achieve synergistic strengthening. Energy utilization and production efficiency need to be improved. Third, finished product inspection often relies on manual sampling or single visual inspection methods, which makes it difficult to simultaneously cover surface defects and internal micro-cracks, resulting in a high rate of missed detections. Fourth, the process parameters rely on manual experience to set, lacking a closed-loop optimization mechanism based on measured data, resulting in a large dispersion of mechanical properties between different batches. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit, which solves the problems of "existing rail transit washer production lines being unable to achieve closed-loop monitoring of force-displacement during the stamping process, unable to utilize residual heat from quenching for synergistic surface strengthening, unable to simultaneously complete online full inspection of surface and internal defects, and lacking data-driven adaptive optimization capabilities for process parameters, resulting in insufficient impact-resistant and anti-loosening performance and batch consistency of the washers".

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides an intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit, comprising a molding unit, a heat treatment unit, a surface treatment unit, and an online detection unit arranged sequentially, as well as an intelligent control unit communicatively connected to each unit, wherein: The forming unit includes a servo press and a force-displacement synchronous acquisition module mounted on the servo press. The force-displacement synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the correspondence curve between stamping force and stamping displacement in real time during the stamping process. The heat treatment unit includes an induction hardening device and a laser shock strengthening device. The laser shock strengthening device is located on the discharge side of the induction hardening device and is used to perform laser shock on the working surface of the gasket in the residual heat state after the gasket is hardened. The online inspection unit includes a machine vision inspection module and an eddy current inspection module. The machine vision inspection module is used to acquire images of the gasket surface and identify surface defects, and the eddy current inspection module is used to detect internal defects of the gasket. The intelligent control unit incorporates a digital twin model and a process parameter adaptive optimization module, wherein: The digital twin model pre-stores standard force-displacement curves, standard heat treatment temperature ranges, and standard detection parameter ranges. The digital twin model compares the real-time force-displacement curves acquired by the force-displacement synchronous acquisition module with the standard force-displacement curves point by point to calculate the curve deviation. It compares the detection results of the machine vision detection module and the eddy current detection module with the standard detection parameter ranges to determine the quality level. The curve deviation and quality level are then passed as inputs to the process parameter adaptive optimization module. The adaptive optimization module for process parameters uses the hardness, residual compressive stress, and defect rate of the gasket as optimization targets. It constructs a surrogate model based on historical batch data of stamping holding time, quenching temperature, and laser energy density. Through a data acquisition function, it searches the parameter space for the optimal combination of process parameters for the next batch, and outputs the corrected values ​​for stamping holding time, quenching temperature, and laser energy density to the forming unit and heat treatment unit, respectively. The surrogate model for the adaptive optimization module is a Gaussian process regression model, and the data acquisition function is either an expected improvement function or a confidence upper bound function.

[0006] As a further preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, the forming unit also includes a double-layer composite feeding mechanism, which is used to feed the outer metal billet and the inner metal billet into a servo press after they are stacked. The outer metal billet is a martensitic stainless steel plate, and the inner metal billet is a copper-based alloy plate. After stamping, the two billets are bonded together by diffusion welding.

[0007] As a further preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, the mold of the servo press is provided with an asymmetric sawtooth forming tooth surface. The sawtooth inclination angle of the asymmetric sawtooth forming tooth surface gradually changes from a first angle to a second angle along the circumferential direction, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the stamped gasket form a unidirectional anti-loosening sawtooth texture.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the induction hardening device includes an induction coil and an infrared temperature probe, wherein: The infrared temperature probe is used to detect the quenching temperature of the gasket in real time and feed it back to the intelligent control unit. The laser shock strengthening device includes a pulsed laser and a constraint layer application mechanism. The constraint layer application mechanism is used to coat a transparent constraint layer on the surface of the gasket before laser shock. The intelligent control unit adjusts the energy density of the pulsed laser according to the residual heat temperature of quenching detected by the infrared temperature probe.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the online detection unit further includes a rotating stage, which is used to support the washer and rotate it around its own axis. The machine vision detection module and the eddy current detection module are respectively arranged above and to the side of the rotating stage to complete full circumferential detection during the rotation of the washer.

[0010] As a further preferred technical solution to the above technical solution, a laser marking unit is also included. The laser marking unit is set on the discharge side of the online detection unit and is used to engrave a unique identification code on each gasket. The unique identification code is associated with the process parameter curve and detection result of the gasket and stored in the database of the intelligent control unit.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the surface treatment unit includes a phosphating tank and an electrophoretic coating tank. The phosphating tank is used to form a phosphating film on the surface of the gasket, and the electrophoretic coating tank is used to form an anti-corrosion coating on the surface of the phosphating film. The surface treatment unit is communicatively connected to an intelligent control unit, which adjusts the voltage and time of the electrophoretic coating according to the quality grading results of the online detection unit.

[0012] As a further preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, the intelligent control unit also includes an anomaly warning module. The anomaly warning module compares the force-displacement curve of the current batch with the standard force-displacement curve in the digital twin model in real time. When the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, an early warning signal is issued and the molding unit operation is suspended.

[0013] As a further preferred technical solution to the above technical solution, the system's workflow is as follows: S1. The outer layer of martensitic stainless steel billet and the inner layer of copper-based alloy billet are stacked and fed into a servo press. During the stamping process, the force-displacement curve is collected in real time and compared with the standard curve of the digital twin model to dynamically adjust the stamping holding time. S2. The stamped gasket is sent into an induction hardening device for hardening. The quenching temperature is detected in real time using an infrared temperature probe. The working surface of the gasket is subjected to laser impact in the residual heat state after quenching by a laser impact strengthening device. S3. The heat-treated gaskets are then subjected to phosphating and electrophoretic coating in sequence. S4. The washer is rotated by rotating the stage, and the surface and internal defects of the washer are inspected in the full circumference by the machine vision inspection module and the eddy current inspection module, respectively. S5. Based on the test results, the gaskets are graded in quality. The process parameter adaptive optimization module uses hardness, residual compressive stress and defect rate as optimization targets. Based on historical batch data, a proxy model is built and the optimal parameter combination is searched through the acquisition function. The stamping holding time, quenching temperature and laser energy density parameters of the next batch are automatically corrected. S6. Engrave a unique identification code on the surface of the qualified gasket and link the process parameter curve of the gasket with the test results for storage.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, this application sets up a force-displacement synchronous acquisition module in the forming unit and calculates the deviation by comparing the acquired curve with the standard force-displacement curve in the digital twin model point by point. This allows for dynamic adjustment of the holding time during the stamping process, which helps to reduce the impact of batch fluctuations of the blank on the forming dimensions and improve the consistency of the gasket dimensions.

[0015] Secondly, this application sets the laser shock strengthening device on the discharge side of the induction hardening device, and performs laser shock under the residual heat state after the gasket is hardened. The digital twin model determines the residual heat temperature according to the standard heat treatment temperature range, and the intelligent control unit adjusts the laser energy density accordingly. This can improve the residual compressive stress and fatigue resistance of the gasket surface without increasing the heating energy consumption. This synergistic strengthening method is conducive to improving energy utilization and production efficiency.

[0016] Third, this application combines a machine vision inspection module with an eddy current inspection module, and achieves full circumferential inspection through a rotating stage. The digital twin model compares the dual-modal inspection results with the standard inspection parameter range to determine the quality level, which can simultaneously cover surface defects and internal microcracks, thus helping to reduce the missed detection rate.

[0017] Fourth, this application uses an adaptive optimization module for process parameters to construct a proxy model based on historical batch data, with multiple objectives such as hardness, residual compressive stress and defect rate. It searches for the optimal combination of process parameters in the parameter space through a data acquisition function and outputs the correction values ​​to the corresponding units. This helps to reduce reliance on human experience and reduce the dispersion of mechanical properties between different batches.

[0018] Fifth, this application combines a double-layer composite structure with an asymmetric unidirectional sawtooth texture. The outer layer of martensitic stainless steel provides high hardness and impact resistance, while the inner layer of copper-based alloy provides damping and vibration absorption capabilities. The asymmetric sawtooth texture generates a unidirectional self-locking effect under vibration load, which is beneficial to improving the anti-loosening reliability of the gasket under high-frequency vibration conditions in rail transit. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0022] In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art should note that rail transit and the like involved in the present invention can be considered as prior art.

[0023] Preferred embodiment.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses an intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers used in rail transit, comprising a molding unit, a heat treatment unit, a surface treatment unit, and an online detection unit arranged sequentially, as well as an intelligent control unit communicatively connected to each unit, wherein: The forming unit includes a servo press and a force-displacement synchronous acquisition module mounted on the servo press. The force-displacement synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the correspondence curve between stamping force and stamping displacement in real time during the stamping process. The forming unit also includes a double-layer composite feeding mechanism, which is used to feed the outer and inner metal blanks, which are stacked together, into the servo press. The outer metal blank is a martensitic stainless steel sheet, and the inner metal blank is a copper-based alloy sheet. The thickness of the two blanks is determined according to the gasket design load. After stamping, the two blanks are bonded together by diffusion welding. The stamped gasket has a double-layer composite cross-section structure: the outer layer is a martensitic stainless steel layer, providing high hardness and impact resistance; the inner layer is a copper-based alloy layer, providing elastic damping and vibration absorption capacity. The two layers form a metallurgical bonding interface through diffusion welding, avoiding delamination under alternating loads. During the stamping process, the servo press applies pressure to the stacked blanks, causing the two blanks to bond together under high temperature and high pressure through diffusion welding. A force-displacement synchronous acquisition module is installed between the slider and the worktable of the servo press, synchronously acquiring the correspondence curve between stamping force and stamping displacement at a sampling frequency, and transmitting the curve data to the intelligent control unit in real time.

[0025] The servo press mold is equipped with an asymmetric sawtooth forming tooth surface. The sawtooth inclination angle of the asymmetric sawtooth forming tooth surface gradually changes from a first angle to a second angle along the circumference, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the stamped washer form a unidirectional anti-loosening sawtooth texture. This sawtooth texture is directional in the circumference: when the washer is subjected to a vibration torque in the same direction as the sawtooth inclination angle, the sawtooth surfaces wedge into each other to produce a self-locking effect; when subjected to a reverse torque, the relative sliding resistance of the sawtooth surfaces is small, thereby achieving unidirectional anti-loosening. Under the typical vibration direction of rail transit vehicles, this unidirectional sawtooth texture is beneficial in preventing the connecting bolts from loosening during continuous vibration.

[0026] The heat treatment unit includes an induction hardening device and a laser shock strengthening device. The laser shock strengthening device is located on the discharge side of the induction hardening device and is used to perform laser shock on the working surface of the gasket in the residual heat state after the gasket is hardened. The induction hardening device includes an induction coil and an infrared temperature probe, wherein: The infrared temperature probe is used to detect the quenching temperature of the gasket in real time and feed it back to the intelligent control unit. The laser shock blasting device includes a pulsed laser and a constraint layer application mechanism. The constraint layer application mechanism coats a transparent constraint layer onto the gasket surface before laser blasting. The high-energy pulsed laser emitted by the pulsed laser penetrates the constraint layer and acts on the gasket surface, causing a plasma explosion in the surface material and generating a high-pressure shock wave that propagates into the material, thereby introducing residual compressive stress into the gasket surface. The intelligent control unit adjusts the energy density of the pulsed laser based on the residual heat temperature detected by the infrared temperature probe. When the residual heat temperature is high, the laser energy density is appropriately reduced; when the residual heat temperature is low, the laser energy density is appropriately increased to ensure the consistency of the depth and amplitude of the residual compressive stress layer. This residual heat-assisted blasting method utilizes the heat carried by the gasket itself after quenching to reduce the energy input required for laser blasting, which is beneficial for improving energy utilization.

[0027] The online inspection unit includes a machine vision inspection module, an eddy current inspection module, and a rotating stage. The rotating stage carries the washer and rotates it around its own axis. The machine vision inspection module and the eddy current inspection module are respectively positioned above and to the side of the rotating stage to complete circumferential inspection during the washer's rotation. The machine vision inspection module, positioned above the rotating stage, uses a high-resolution industrial camera to acquire images of the upper and lower surfaces of the washer and detects surface defects such as cracks, corrosion, and indentations using image recognition algorithms. The eddy current inspection module, positioned to the side of the rotating stage, has its probe close to the inner hole or outer edge surface of the washer and detects micro-cracks and inclusion defects inside the washer using eddy current signals. During one revolution of the washer, both modules simultaneously complete circumferential data acquisition, and the inspection results are transmitted to the intelligent control unit for fusion judgment and quality grading.

[0028] It also includes a laser marking unit, which is set on the discharge side of the online detection unit and is used to engrave a unique identification code on each gasket. The unique identification code is associated with the process parameter curve and detection results of the gasket and stored in the database of the intelligent control unit for subsequent quality traceability and failure analysis.

[0029] The surface treatment unit includes a phosphating tank and an electrophoretic coating tank. The phosphating tank is used to form a phosphating film on the surface of the gasket, and the electrophoretic coating tank is used to form an anti-corrosion coating on the surface of the phosphating film. The surface treatment unit is communicatively connected to an intelligent control unit, which adjusts the voltage and time of the electrophoretic coating according to the quality grading results of the online detection unit. Standard coating parameters are used for gaskets with higher quality grades, and the electrophoretic time is appropriately extended for gaskets with slightly larger surface roughness to ensure the integrity of the coating coverage.

[0030] The intelligent control unit incorporates a digital twin model and a process parameter adaptive optimization module, wherein: The digital twin model pre-stores standard force-displacement curves, standard heat treatment temperature ranges, and standard detection parameter ranges. The digital twin model compares the real-time force-displacement curves acquired by the force-displacement synchronous acquisition module with the standard force-displacement curves point by point to calculate the curve deviation. It compares the detection results of the machine vision detection module and the eddy current detection module with the standard detection parameter ranges to determine the quality level. The curve deviation and quality level are then passed as inputs to the process parameter adaptive optimization module. During the production process, the digital twin model performs two core comparisons: First, it compares the real-time force-displacement curve acquired by the force-displacement synchronous acquisition module with the standard force-displacement curve point by point, calculates the pressure deviation at each displacement sampling point, and further calculates the overall deviation of the entire curve; Second, it compares the surface defect feature parameters output by the machine vision inspection module and the internal defect signals output by the eddy current detection module with the standard inspection parameter range to determine the quality level of each gasket (e.g., qualified, awaiting re-inspection, unqualified). The digital twin model then uses the calculated curve deviation and quality level as input to the process parameter adaptive optimization module.

[0031] The adaptive optimization module for process parameters targets the hardness, residual compressive stress, and defect rate of the gaskets. Hardness and residual compressive stress are derived from offline testing data of sampled units, while the defect rate is derived from full-inspection statistics of the online testing unit. This module constructs a surrogate model based on historical batch data of stamping holding time, quenching temperature, and laser energy density. In this embodiment, the surrogate model employs a Gaussian process regression model to fit the nonlinear mapping relationship between process parameters and optimization targets. After each batch of production is completed, the adaptive optimization module adds the process parameters and corresponding performance data of that batch to the training set, updates the surrogate model, and then searches for the optimal combination of parameters for the next batch within the three-dimensional parameter space comprised of stamping holding time, quenching temperature, and laser energy density using an acquisition function. The acquisition function employs either an expectation-boosting function or a confidence upper bound function to strike a balance between exploring unknown parameter regions and utilizing currently known optimal regions. After the search is completed, the process parameter adaptive optimization module outputs the stamping holding time correction value to the servo press of the forming unit, the quenching temperature correction value to the induction hardening device of the heat treatment unit, and the laser energy density correction value to the laser shock strengthening device of the heat treatment unit, thereby realizing closed-loop adaptive optimization of process parameters.

[0032] The intelligent control unit also includes an anomaly warning module. The anomaly warning module compares the force-displacement curve of the current batch with the standard force-displacement curve in the digital twin model in real time. When the curve deviation exceeds the preset threshold, it determines that there may be abnormal billet thickness, mold wear or equipment failure, issues a warning signal and suspends the operation of the forming unit, and prompts the operator to check the billet condition and mold wear.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also discloses the system's workflow as follows: S1. The outer layer of martensitic stainless steel billet and the inner layer of copper-based alloy billet are stacked and fed into a servo press. During the stamping process, the force-displacement curve is collected in real time and compared with the standard curve of the digital twin model to dynamically adjust the stamping holding time. S2. The stamped gasket is sent into an induction hardening device for hardening. The quenching temperature is detected in real time using an infrared temperature probe. The working surface of the gasket is subjected to laser impact in the residual heat state after quenching by a laser impact strengthening device. S3. The heat-treated gaskets are then subjected to phosphating and electrophoretic coating in sequence. S4. The washer is rotated by rotating the stage, and the surface and internal defects of the washer are inspected in the full circumference by the machine vision inspection module and the eddy current inspection module, respectively. S5. Based on the test results, the gaskets are graded in quality. The process parameter adaptive optimization module uses hardness, residual compressive stress and defect rate as optimization targets. Based on historical batch data, a proxy model is built and the optimal parameter combination is searched through the acquisition function. The stamping holding time, quenching temperature and laser energy density parameters of the next batch are automatically corrected. S6. Engrave a unique identification code on the surface of the qualified gasket and link the process parameter curve of the gasket with the test results for storage.

[0034] It is worth mentioning that the technical features of rail transit and other technologies involved in this patent application should be regarded as prior art. The specific structure, working principle, and possible control methods and spatial arrangement of these technical features can be adopted using conventional choices in the field, and should not be regarded as the inventive point of this patent. This patent will not be further elaborated in detail.

[0035] For those skilled in the art, modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A smart production system for high-strength, impact-resistant, and anti-loosening washers used in rail transit, characterized in that, It includes a molding unit, a heat treatment unit, a surface treatment unit, and an online inspection unit arranged sequentially, as well as an intelligent control unit that communicates with each unit, wherein: The forming unit includes a servo press and a force-displacement synchronous acquisition module mounted on the servo press. The force-displacement synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the correspondence curve between stamping force and stamping displacement in real time during the stamping process. The heat treatment unit includes an induction hardening device and a laser shock strengthening device. The laser shock strengthening device is located on the discharge side of the induction hardening device and is used to perform laser shock on the working surface of the gasket in the residual heat state after the gasket is hardened. The online inspection unit includes a machine vision inspection module and an eddy current inspection module. The machine vision inspection module is used to acquire images of the gasket surface and identify surface defects, and the eddy current inspection module is used to detect internal defects of the gasket. The intelligent control unit incorporates a digital twin model and a process parameter adaptive optimization module, wherein: The digital twin model pre-stores standard force-displacement curves, standard heat treatment temperature ranges, and standard detection parameter ranges. The digital twin model compares the real-time force-displacement curves acquired by the force-displacement synchronous acquisition module with the standard force-displacement curves point by point to calculate the curve deviation. It compares the detection results of the machine vision detection module and the eddy current detection module with the standard detection parameter ranges to determine the quality level. The curve deviation and quality level are then passed as inputs to the process parameter adaptive optimization module. The adaptive optimization module for process parameters takes the hardness, residual compressive stress, and defect rate of the gasket as optimization targets. It constructs a proxy model based on the stamping holding time, quenching temperature, and laser energy density data of historical batches. It searches the parameter space through the acquisition function for the next batch of process parameters that make the optimization targets optimal, and outputs the obtained stamping holding time correction value, quenching temperature correction value, and laser energy density correction value to the forming unit and heat treatment unit, respectively.

2. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The forming unit also includes a double-layer composite feeding mechanism, which is used to stack the outer metal billet and the inner metal billet and feed them into the servo press. The outer metal billet is a martensitic stainless steel plate, and the inner metal billet is a copper-based alloy plate. After stamping, the two billets are bonded together by diffusion welding.

3. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The servo press has an asymmetric sawtooth forming tooth surface on its mold. The sawtooth inclination angle of the asymmetric sawtooth forming tooth surface gradually changes from a first angle to a second angle along the circumferential direction, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the stamped gasket form a unidirectional anti-loosening sawtooth texture.

4. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The induction hardening device includes an induction coil and an infrared temperature probe, wherein: The infrared temperature probe is used to detect the quenching temperature of the gasket in real time and feed it back to the intelligent control unit. The laser shock strengthening device includes a pulsed laser and a constraint layer application mechanism. The constraint layer application mechanism is used to coat a transparent constraint layer on the surface of the gasket before laser shock. The intelligent control unit adjusts the energy density of the pulsed laser according to the residual heat temperature of quenching detected by the infrared temperature probe.

5. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The online inspection unit also includes a rotating stage, which is used to carry the washer and rotate it around its own axis. The machine vision inspection module and the eddy current inspection module are respectively located above and to the side of the rotating stage to complete full circumferential inspection during the rotation of the washer.

6. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a laser marking unit, which is set on the discharge side of the online detection unit and is used to engrave a unique identification code on each gasket. The unique identification code is associated with the process parameter curve and detection results of the gasket and stored in the database of the intelligent control unit.

7. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface treatment unit includes a phosphating tank and an electrophoretic coating tank. The phosphating tank is used to form a phosphating film on the surface of the gasket, and the electrophoretic coating tank is used to form an anti-corrosion coating on the surface of the phosphating film. The surface treatment unit is communicatively connected to an intelligent control unit, which adjusts the voltage and time of the electrophoretic coating according to the quality grading results of the online detection unit.

8. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control unit also includes an anomaly warning module, which compares the force-displacement curve of the current batch with the standard force-displacement curve in the digital twin model in real time. When the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm signal is issued and the molding unit operation is suspended.

9. The intelligent production system for high-strength impact-resistant and anti-loosening washers for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system's workflow is as follows: S1. The outer layer of martensitic stainless steel billet and the inner layer of copper-based alloy billet are stacked and fed into a servo press. During the stamping process, the force-displacement curve is collected in real time and compared with the standard curve of the digital twin model to dynamically adjust the stamping holding time. S2. The stamped gasket is sent into an induction hardening device for hardening. The quenching temperature is detected in real time using an infrared temperature probe. The working surface of the gasket is subjected to laser impact in the residual heat state after quenching by a laser impact strengthening device. S3. The heat-treated gaskets are then subjected to phosphating and electrophoretic coating in sequence. S4. The washer is rotated by rotating the stage, and the surface and internal defects of the washer are inspected in the full circumference by the machine vision inspection module and the eddy current inspection module, respectively. S5. Based on the test results, the gaskets are graded in quality. The process parameter adaptive optimization module uses hardness, residual compressive stress and defect rate as optimization targets. Based on historical batch data, a proxy model is built and the optimal parameter combination is searched through the acquisition function. The stamping holding time, quenching temperature and laser energy density parameters of the next batch are automatically corrected. S6. Engrave a unique identification code on the surface of the qualified gasket and link the process parameter curve of the gasket with the test results for storage.

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