Shaft part machining clamping tool

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of axle parts machining clamping tool, belong to machining clamp technical field, the tool includes chuck, convex type moving block is movably installed in the inside of chuck, fixed with clamping block on the top of convex type moving block, side groove and push cavity are set in the inside of clamping block, connecting shaft is rotatably installed in clamping block, hook type rod in side groove is fixed with lower end of connecting shaft, rotating impeller in push cavity is fixed with upper end, liquid tank is fixed with the upper end of clamping block, piston plate is sleeved in the inside of liquid tank, piston plate is fixedly connected with chuck by piston rod, fixed ring and side block, liquid tank is communicated with push cavity by first inlet pipe and first outlet pipe and forms closed hydraulic circuit.This application has the advantages of self-adapting clamping different diameter shaft, without replacing chuck, flexible rigidity clamping one-key switching, spring active reset, clamping stable and reliable, etc., significantly improves the efficiency and flexibility of axle parts machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining fixture technology, specifically to a clamping fixture for machining shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the clamping fixtures widely used in the machining of shaft parts mainly include four-jaw chucks, spring collets, center clamping devices, and combined special fixtures. Among them, four-jaw chucks are the most commonly used clamping tools due to their high centering accuracy, ease of operation, and wide applicability. Traditional four-jaw chucks usually consist of a chuck body, movable jaws, and a drive mechanism. The four jaws are driven to move radially synchronously through a rotating bevel gear or screw mechanism, which clamps the outer cylindrical surface of the shaft from the outside, thereby achieving centering and clamping of the shaft.

[0003] However, existing tooling for machining and clamping shaft parts still exhibits the following significant technical defects and shortcomings during long-term use: Firstly, the clamping diameter range is limited, and small-diameter shafts require frequent chuck replacements. The radial travel of the jaws of traditional chucks is limited by the internal structural dimensions of the chuck body, resulting in a narrow range of shaft diameters that can be clamped. When machining shaft parts with a diameter significantly smaller than the minimum clamping range of the chuck, the operator must stop the machine and remove the entire chuck from the machine tool spindle to replace it with a special chuck or spring collet suitable for small diameter specifications. This replacement process not only consumes a lot of auxiliary time, seriously affecting machining efficiency and production cycle, but also causes wear on the connecting tapered surface between the chuck and the machine tool spindle, gradually reducing the fit accuracy and affecting the centering accuracy and repeatability accuracy in subsequent machining. Especially in the modern flexible manufacturing model of multiple varieties and small batches, the production line needs to frequently change shaft parts of different diameter specifications. The accumulated time cost and accuracy loss caused by frequent chuck replacements have become a prominent bottleneck restricting the improvement of machining efficiency. Secondly, the clamping mode is singular and cannot meet the different needs of roughing and finishing. In the actual machining process of shaft parts, different processes have drastically different requirements for the clamping method. In the roughing stage, a large amount of blank material needs to be removed, with a large cutting depth and high feed rate, generating a large cutting torque and impact load. At this time, a rigid metal-to-metal contact needs to be formed between the clamping mechanism and the shaft to provide maximum clamping friction to resist the cutting force and ensure the stability of the machining process. However, in the finishing stage or when machining thin-walled shaft parts, slender shafts, and machined surfaces, excessive rigid clamping force can easily cause clamping on the outer surface of the shaft. Scratches and indentations can even cause radial deformation of thin-walled shafts, thus affecting the final machining accuracy and surface quality. Conventional chucks and collets in existing technologies can usually only provide rigid clamping in a single mode and cannot flexibly adjust the clamping method according to different machining stages and workpiece characteristics. Although a few existing technologies have embedded rubber pads or copper pads on the clamping surfaces of the jaws to alleviate the problem of clamping damage, these measures can only reduce the damage to the workpiece surface by the clamping force to a certain extent, but cannot achieve a true switch of clamping modes. Moreover, in roughing conditions that require large clamping forces, the presence of flexible pads will reduce the clamping rigidity and stability. In summary, existing clamping fixtures for shaft parts have significant shortcomings in terms of clamping diameter range, adaptive clamping capability, and flexibility in switching clamping modes. These shortcomings make it difficult to meet the urgent needs of modern machining industries for high-efficiency, high-precision, and highly flexible manufacturing. Therefore, developing a fixture that can adaptively clamp shafts of different diameters without changing the chuck and can easily switch between flexible and rigid clamping has significant engineering application value and broad market prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a clamping fixture for machining shaft-type parts.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a clamping fixture for machining shaft parts, comprising a chuck, wherein an adjustable convex moving block is movably mounted inside the chuck, and a clamping block is fixed to the top of the convex moving block. There are four clamping blocks, each with a side groove and a pushing cavity inside. A connecting shaft is rotatably mounted inside each clamping block, and a hook-shaped rod located inside the side groove is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft. The four clamping blocks clamp and fix the shaft body by rotating the hook-shaped rod. A rotating impeller located inside the pushing cavity is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting shaft. A clamping block is fixedly mounted inside the upper end of the clamping block. The device is equipped with a liquid tank, inside which a piston plate is movably fitted. A piston rod is fixedly installed on the side of the piston plate. The other end of the piston rod passes through the liquid tank and is fixedly connected to a fixing ring. A side block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixing ring. The other end of the side block is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the clamping plate. A first inlet pipe and a first outlet pipe are fixedly fixed inside the clamping block. One end of the first inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the liquid tank, and the other end of the first inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the pushing cavity. One end of the first outlet pipe is connected to the drain port of the pushing cavity, and the other end of the first outlet pipe is connected to the return port of the liquid tank.

[0006] Preferably, a fixing frame is fixedly installed in the inner ring at equal intervals inside the clamping plate. A sleeve rod is movably sleeved inside the upper end of the fixing frame. Threaded rods are fixedly installed at the left and right ends of the sleeve rod. The outer surface of the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the lower end of the convex moving block. A hexagonal hole is opened inside the threaded rod.

[0007] Preferably, the clamping block has a spring-loaded cavity inside, and a spring-loaded blade rod is movably sleeved inside the spring-loaded cavity. The upper end of the spring-loaded blade rod is fixedly connected to the hook-shaped rod. A ring rod is movably sleeved at the blade of the spring-loaded blade rod. The other end of the ring rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spring-loaded cavity. A ring spring is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the ring rod. One end of the ring spring is fixedly connected to the blade surface of the spring-loaded blade rod, and the other end of the ring spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spring-loaded cavity.

[0008] Preferably, a square box located at the upper end of the pushing cavity is movably sleeved inside the clamping block, and a screw is limitedly sleeved at the upper end of the square box, with the outer surface of the screw threadedly sleeved with the inner wall of the clamping block.

[0009] Preferably, the square box has a liquid inlet on the lower side and a first liquid outlet on the upper side.

[0010] Preferably, a second inlet tube is fixedly connected inside the clamping block, a rubber airbag is fixedly installed at the clamping end of the clamping block, one end of the second inlet tube communicates with the rubber airbag, and the other end of the second inlet tube is in movable contact with the side of the square box and is located below the first liquid outlet.

[0011] Preferably, the square box has a second outlet inside, which is located below and to the right of the first outlet.

[0012] Preferably, a second outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the first outlet pipe, and the other end of the second outlet pipe is in movable contact with the side of the square box and is located directly below the second outlet.

[0013] Preferably, both the first inlet tube and the first outlet tube are rigid tubes.

[0014] Preferably, the outer surfaces of both the clamping block and the hook rod are provided with anti-slip serrations.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a clamping fixture for machining shaft parts, which has the following advantages: 1. This invention achieves a direct proportional linkage between the radial feed of the clamping block and the rotational extension of the hook rod through the synergistic action of the hook rod, rotating impeller, liquid tank, piston plate, and annular spring. The smaller the shaft diameter, the greater the movement stroke of the clamping block, the more liquid driving force is generated, and the extension amplitude of the hook rod increases accordingly. This adaptively compensates for the gap between the clamping block and the shaft, allowing for the clamping of smaller diameter shafts without replacing the chuck. Simultaneously, after machining, the annular spring releases its elastic potential energy to drive the hook rod to automatically reset and retract into the side groove, providing maximum extension stroke reserve for the next clamping. This shortens changeover time, reduces tooling procurement costs, and avoids damage to the spindle accuracy caused by frequent disassembly and assembly of the chuck.

[0016] 2. This invention utilizes a liquid flow reversing and distribution system comprised of a square box, a screw, a first liquid outlet, a second liquid outlet, a second inlet pipe, a rubber air bladder, and a second outlet pipe. The operator only needs to rotate the screw to drive the square box up and down to switch the liquid flow direction. When moving downwards, the first liquid outlet connects to the second inlet pipe, allowing the liquid to flow into the rubber air bladder, causing it to expand and achieve flexible clamping of the shaft. This is suitable for precision machining and thin-walled parts to avoid damage. When moving upwards, the second liquid outlet connects to the second outlet pipe, allowing the liquid to bypass the rubber air bladder and flow back directly. The hook-shaped rod forms a rigid contact with the shaft, providing maximum clamping force to accommodate rough machining and heavy cutting. The entire switching process requires no disassembly of pipes or replacement of parts. Furthermore, the square box simultaneously limits and fixes the rotating impeller, ensuring stable and reliable clamping force in both modes. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping block of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front cross-sectional view of the fixing frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamping block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first inlet tube of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the square box structure of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Clamping plate; 2. Convex moving block; 3. Fixing frame; 4. Sleeve rod; 5. Threaded rod; 6. Clamping block; 7. Hexagonal hole; 8. Side groove; 9. Pushing chamber; 10. Rotating impeller; 11. First inlet pipe; 12. Liquid tank; 13. Piston plate; 14. Piston rod; 15. Side block; 16. Fixing ring; 17. First outlet pipe; 18. Connecting shaft; 19. Hook-shaped rod; 20. Springback chamber; 21. Springback blade rod; 22. Circular ring rod; 23. Ring spring; 24. Square box; 25. Liquid inlet; 26. Screw; 27. First liquid outlet; 28. Second inlet pipe; 29. ​​Rubber airbag; 30. Second liquid outlet; 31. Second outlet pipe; 32. Shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0020] Example 1, according to Figures 1-9As shown, a clamping fixture for machining shaft parts mainly includes a chuck 1, a convex moving block 2, a clamping block 6, a hook-shaped rod 19, a rotating impeller 10, a liquid tank 12, a piston plate 13, a piston rod 14, a fixing ring 16, a side block 15, a first inlet pipe 11, a first outlet pipe 17, and a ring spring 23. The chuck 1 has a disc-shaped structure with a central through hole for accommodating the shaft 32. Four radial grooves are equidistantly spaced along the circumference of the chuck 1. A convex moving block 2 is movably installed in each radial groove, allowing it to slide back and forth along the grooves to achieve radial feed and retraction. The upper end of the convex moving block 2 extends beyond the upper surface of the chuck 1, and a clamping block 6 is fixedly installed on its top by bolts or welding. There are four clamping blocks 6, which are evenly distributed along the circumference to form a clamping mechanism for the shaft 32. Four fixed brackets 3 are fixedly installed equidistantly in a ring inside the clamping disc 1. Each fixed bracket 3 corresponds to a radial slide groove. A sleeve rod 4 is movably sleeved inside the upper horizontal section of the sleeve rod 3 via a bearing. The sleeve rod 4 can rotate freely. Threaded rods 5 are fixedly installed at both ends of the sleeve rod 4, and the outer surfaces of the two threaded rods 5 are threadedly connected to the lower threaded holes of the adjacent convex moving blocks 2. A hexagonal hole 7 is provided at the center of the end of the threaded rod 5. The operator can insert an Allen wrench into the hexagonal hole 7 to rotate the threaded rod 5, thereby driving the threaded convex moving blocks 2 to move synchronously towards each other along the radial slide groove to clamp or move away from each other to release. The clamping block 6 has a square-shaped structure, with the clamping end facing the center of the clamping plate 1. The clamping block 6 has a side groove 8 and a pushing cavity 9 inside. The side groove 8 is located at the bottom of the clamping block 6, with its opening facing the center of the clamping plate 1 and downwards. The side groove 8 accommodates the hook-shaped rod 19 and provides space for its rotation and extension. The pushing cavity 9 is located in the middle of the clamping block 6 and above the side groove 8. The pushing cavity 9 is cylindrical and accommodates the rotating impeller 10, providing space for liquid drive. The clamping block 6 also has a through-hole shaft that connects the pushing cavity 9 and the side groove 8. A connecting shaft 18 is rotatably mounted in the shaft hole via a sealed bearing. The lower end of the connecting shaft 18 extends into the side groove 8 and is fixedly connected to the hook-shaped rod 19, which has an arc-shaped hook shape. The shaft 18 has a clamping surface at its end for contacting the outer surface of the shaft 32. The upper end of the connecting shaft 18 extends into the pushing cavity 9 and is fixedly connected to a rotating impeller 10. The rotating impeller 10 has a radial blade structure, with its blades evenly distributed around the central axis. When the liquid impacts the blades, the rotating impeller 10 can drive the connecting shaft 18 and the hook rod 19 to rotate synchronously. Through the above structure, when the four clamping blocks 6 move towards the center of the clamping plate 1, they can extend from the side by rotating their respective hook rods 19 to jointly clamp and fix the shaft 32 located at the center position. A liquid tank 12 is fixedly installed inside the upper end of the clamping block 6. The liquid tank 12 is a closed rectangular box filled with hydraulic oil or other suitable transmission fluid. A piston plate 13 is movably sleeved inside the liquid tank 12.A sealing ring is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the piston plate 13 and the inner wall of the liquid tank 12 to ensure that no liquid leakage occurs during the sliding of the piston plate 13. A piston rod 14 is fixedly installed on the side of the piston plate 13. The other end of the piston rod 14 passes through the side wall of the liquid tank 12 and extends to the outside of the liquid tank 12. A sliding sealing structure is also provided between the piston rod 14 and the side wall of the liquid tank 12. A fixing ring 16 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the piston rod 14. The fixing ring 16 is an annular component that is sleeved on the outside of the clamping block 6. A side block 15 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixing ring 16. The side block 15 is L-shaped or straight. The other end of the side block 15 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the clamping plate 1. Thus, the piston plate 13 is fixed to the clamping plate 1 by the piston rod 14, the fixing ring 16 and the side block 15. When the clamping block 6 moves as a whole with the convex moving block 2. When moving radially, the liquid tank 12 moves synchronously with the clamping block 6, while the piston plate 13 remains stationary relative to the clamping plate 1. This creates a relative displacement between the piston plate 13 and the liquid tank 12, compressing or drawing the liquid inside the liquid tank 12. The clamping block 6 has a first inlet pipe 11 and a first outlet pipe 17 fixedly installed inside. One end of the first inlet pipe 11 is fixedly connected to the drain port of the liquid tank 12, and the other end extends to the inlet of the pushing chamber 9 and is fixedly connected to the pushing chamber 9. One end of the first outlet pipe 17 is fixedly connected to the drain port of the pushing chamber 9, and the other end is fixedly connected to the return port of the liquid tank 12. Thus, the liquid tank 12, the first inlet pipe 11, the pushing chamber 9, and the first outlet pipe 17 together form a closed hydraulic circulation loop. In this embodiment, the clamping block 6 also has a spring-loaded cavity 20 inside. The spring-loaded cavity 20 is located to the side or above the side groove 8. A spring-loaded blade rod 21 is movably sleeved inside the spring-loaded cavity 20. The upper end of the spring-loaded blade rod 21 extends into the side groove 8 and is fixedly connected to the root of the hook-shaped rod 19. The spring-loaded blade rod 21 can rotate synchronously with the hook-shaped rod 19. The main body of the spring-loaded blade rod 21 is a rod-shaped structure. One or more radial blades are provided at the blade position, i.e., the middle position. A circular ring rod 22 is movably sleeved at the blade of the spring-loaded blade rod 21. The circular ring rod 22 is a circular ring component. Its outer ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spring-loaded cavity 20, and its inner ring is sleeved on the outside of the blade of the spring-loaded blade rod 21. The circular rod 22 guides and limits the rotation of the spring-loaded blade 21. A ring spring 23 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the circular rod 22. The ring spring 23 is a torsion spring or a helical spring. One end of the ring spring 23 is fixedly connected to the blade surface of the spring-loaded blade 21, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spring-loaded cavity 20. When the hook-shaped rod 19 rotates and extends under the liquid drive, the spring-loaded blade 21 rotates synchronously and twists the ring spring 23, so that the ring spring 23 stores elastic potential energy. When the liquid pressure is released, the ring spring 23 releases elastic potential energy, driving the spring-loaded blade 21 and the hook-shaped rod 19 to rotate in the opposite direction and reset, so that the hook-shaped rod 19 retracts into the side groove 8.

[0021] In use, firstly, the operator estimates the required radial travel of the clamping block 6 based on the diameter of the shaft 32 to be processed. An Allen wrench is inserted into the hexagonal hole 7 at the end of the threaded rod 5, and the threaded rod 5 is rotated clockwise. The threaded rod 5 drives the convex moving block 2 to move towards the center along the radial groove of the chuck 1 through the threaded engagement. The convex moving block 2 drives the clamping block 6 at its top to move synchronously towards the center of the chuck 1. As the clamping block 6 moves towards the center, the liquid tank 12 moves synchronously with it. However, since the piston rod 14 is fixed to the chuck 1 by the retaining ring 16 and the side block 15, the piston plate 13 remains stationary. Therefore, the liquid tank 12 moves relative to the piston plate 13. As the piston plate 13 gradually compresses the liquid inside the liquid tank 12, the liquid pressure increases. The high-pressure liquid flows out from the drain port of the liquid tank 12 and is discharged into the push chamber 9 through the first inlet pipe 11. The high-pressure liquid entering the push chamber 9 impacts the blades of the rotating impeller 10, generating a tangential impact force on the blades, thereby driving the rotating impeller 10 to rotate around the axis of the connecting shaft 18. The rotational motion of the rotating impeller 10 is transmitted to the hook rod 19 through the connecting shaft 18, causing the hook rod 19 to rotate outward from the side groove 8. The clamping surface at the end of the hook rod 19 gradually approaches and contacts the outer surface of the shaft 32 located at the center of the clamping plate 1. As the clamping block 6 continues to feed towards the center, the liquid pressure continues to increase. As the height increases, the clamping force of the hook rod 19 gradually increases, eventually firmly clamping the shaft 32 under the combined action of the four clamping blocks 6 and the four hook rods 19. At this time, due to the incompressibility of the liquid, the liquid inside the liquid tank 12, the first inlet pipe 11, and the pushing chamber 9 maintains a high-pressure static pressure state under clamping conditions, producing an effect similar to hydraulic locking. Even if external vibration or cutting force changes, the hook rod 19 will not loosen, thus ensuring the clamping stability and safety during the processing. After processing is completed, the operator rotates the threaded rod 5 counterclockwise, driving the convex moving block 2 and the clamping block 6 to move backward away from the center of the chuck 1. At this time, the liquid tank 12 moves backward with the clamping block 6. Meanwhile, the piston plate 13 remains stationary and moves in the opposite direction to the liquid tank 12, generating negative pressure inside the liquid tank 12. At the same time, it pushes the liquid pressure inside the cavity 9 to decrease. As the liquid pressure is released, the ring spring 23 inside the spring chamber 20 releases the elastic potential energy stored during the clamping process, driving the spring blade rod 21 to rotate in the opposite direction. The spring blade rod 21 drives the hook rod 19 to rotate in the opposite direction synchronously, causing the hook rod 19 to retract into the side groove 8 and completely detach from the contact with the shaft 32. At the same time, the liquid inside the push cavity 9 flows back to the liquid tank 12 through the first outlet pipe 17, completing the entire hydraulic cycle. The operator can then easily remove the processed shaft 32. Through the above structure and working principle, this embodiment achieves the following significant beneficial effects: First, operators do not need to stop the machine to disassemble and replace the chuck; they only need to continue rotating the threaded rod 5 to adjust the feed amount of the clamping block 6 to adapt to shafts of different diameters. The time for a single changeover is shortened from 15 to 30 minutes in the traditional method to 1 to 2 minutes, greatly improving processing efficiency. Second, one set of tooling can cover a wide range of processing from large to small diameters. Enterprises do not need to equip each type of shaft with a dedicated chuck, greatly reducing tooling procurement and management costs. Third, it avoids wear on the machine tool spindle taper hole caused by frequent disassembly and assembly of the chuck, maintaining the fit accuracy between the spindle and the chuck for a long time and extending the service life of the equipment. Fourth, the mechanical reset method of the ring spring 23 is not affected by external factors such as liquid leakage and temperature changes. The reset position height is consistent each time, ensuring that the hook rod 19 is completely retracted into the side groove 8, avoiding interference or collision when picking up or placing workpieces, and improving operational safety.

[0022] Example 2 This embodiment is a further optimization and improvement based on Embodiment 1. The main difference is that: this embodiment adds a square box 24, a screw 26, a second inlet pipe 28, a rubber air bladder 29, and a second outlet pipe 31 to the inside of the clamping block 6, and constructs a hydraulic distribution system that can easily switch between "flexible clamping" and "rigid clamping" modes through simple operation. This allows for flexible selection of appropriate clamping methods according to the actual needs of different processing stages and shafts of different materials, further expanding the applicability and processing flexibility of the tooling. Please see Figures 5 to 9In this embodiment, a square box 24 is movably fitted inside the clamping block 6. The square box 24 is located at the upper end of the pushing cavity 9 and partially extends into the pushing cavity 9. The square box 24 is a hollow rectangular box structure. The square box 24 can slide up and down vertically in the guide groove. A screw 26 is fitted at the center of the upper end of the square box 24. The screw 26 is rotatably engaged with the upper end of the square box 24 through the flange, so that the screw 26 can rotate freely relative to the square box 24 but cannot disengage. The outer surface of the screw 26 is provided with an external thread, which is threaded into the internal thread hole opened on the inner wall of the upper end of the clamping block 6. By rotating the screw 26, the screw 26 engages with the inner wall of the clamping block 6, and its lower end engages with the square box 24. Therefore, the rotational motion of the screw 26 is converted into a linear reciprocating movement of the square box 24 in the vertical direction, thus achieving precise lifting and lowering adjustment of the square box 24 within the guide groove. A liquid inlet 25 is provided on the lower side of the square box 24, penetrating the side wall of the square box 24, for introducing liquid from the pushing chamber 9 into the inner cavity of the square box 24. A first liquid outlet 27 is provided on the upper side of the square box 24, also penetrating the side wall of the square box 24, for... The liquid inside the square box 24 is discharged to an external pipeline. The square box 24 also has a second outlet 30, located below and to the right of the first outlet 27, i.e., offset from the first outlet 27 at a certain angle along the circumference of the square box 24. The inlet 25, the first outlet 27, and the second outlet 30 are in different vertical positions, allowing each outlet of the square box 24 to connect to different external pipelines at different heights. A second inlet pipe 28 is also fixedly connected inside the clamping block 6. The tube is a rigid tube, one end of which extends to the clamping end of the clamping block 6 and is fixedly connected to a rubber air bladder 29. The rubber air bladder 29 is fixedly installed on the clamping end face of the clamping block 6. Its interior is a hollow cavity that can be filled with liquid and expand. The side of the rubber air bladder 29 facing the shaft 32 is a flexible deformable surface. The other end of the second inlet tube 28 extends to the side of the square box 24 and is in movable contact with the side of the square box 24. The port is located directly below the first liquid outlet 27. When the square box 24 slides down to the first working position, the first liquid outlet 27 moves down with the square box 24 to accurately connect with the port of the second inlet tube 28.When the square box 24 slides upward to another position, the first outlet 27 and the port of the second inlet pipe 28 are misaligned, and the communication between them is cut off. The clamping block 6 also has a second outlet pipe 31 fixedly connected inside. One end of the second outlet pipe 31 is fixedly connected to the side of the first outlet pipe 17, and the other end of the second outlet pipe 31 extends to the side of the square box 24 and makes movable contact with the side of the square box 24. The position of this port is located directly below the second outlet 30. When the square box 24 slides upward to the second working position, the second... The outlet 30 moves upward with the square box 24 until it accurately connects with the port of the second outlet pipe 31. When the square box 24 slides downward to another position, the ports of the second outlet 30 and the second outlet pipe 31 are misaligned, and the connection between them is cut off. Through the above structure, the square box 24 actually constitutes a movable hydraulic circuit reversing distribution valve core. The operator only needs to rotate the screw 26 to change the vertical position of the square box 24 to switch different hydraulic circuit connections, thereby realizing the free switching between flexible clamping and rigid clamping working modes.

[0023] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A clamping fixture for machining shaft-type parts, comprising a chuck (1), characterized in that: The clamping plate (1) is movably fitted with an adjustable convex moving block (2). A clamping block (6) is fixed to the top of the convex moving block (2). There are four clamping blocks (6). Each of the four clamping blocks (6) has a side groove (8) and a pushing cavity (9) inside. A connecting shaft (18) is rotatably mounted inside the clamping block (6). A hook rod (19) located inside the side groove (8) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft (18). The four clamping blocks (6) clamp and fix the shaft body (32) by rotating the hook rod (19). A rotating impeller (10) located inside the pushing cavity (9) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting shaft (18). A liquid tank (12) is fixedly mounted inside the upper end of the clamping block (6). A piston plate is movably sleeved inside the liquid tank (12). (13) A piston rod (14) is fixedly installed on the side of the piston plate (13). The other end of the piston rod (14) passes through the liquid tank (12) and is fixedly connected to a fixing ring (16). A side block (15) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixing ring (16). The other end of the side block (15) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the clamping plate (1). The clamping block (6) is fixedly equipped with a first inlet pipe (11) and a first outlet pipe (17). One end of the first inlet pipe (11) is fixedly connected to the liquid tank (12). The other end of the first inlet pipe (11) is fixedly connected to the pushing cavity (9). One end of the first outlet pipe (17) is connected to the drain port of the pushing cavity (9). The other end of the first outlet pipe (17) is connected to the return port of the liquid tank (12).

2. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp (1) is fixedly installed with a fixed frame (3) at equal intervals in the inner ring. The upper end of the fixed frame (3) is movably sleeved with a sleeve rod (4). The left and right ends of the sleeve rod (4) are respectively fixedly installed with threaded rods (5). The outer surface of the threaded rod (5) is threadedly connected to the lower end of the convex moving block (2). The threaded rod (5) has a hexagonal hole (7) inside.

3. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping block (6) has a spring-loaded cavity (20) inside. A spring-loaded blade rod (21) is movably sleeved inside the spring-loaded cavity (20). The upper end of the spring-loaded blade rod (21) is fixedly connected to the hook rod (19). A ring rod (22) is movably sleeved at the blade of the spring-loaded blade rod (21). The other end of the ring rod (22) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spring-loaded cavity (20). A ring spring (23) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the ring rod (22). One end of the ring spring (23) is fixedly connected to the blade surface of the spring-loaded blade rod (21), and the other end of the ring spring (23) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the spring-loaded cavity (20).

4. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping block (6) is movably sleeved with a square box (24) located at the upper end of the pushing cavity (9). A screw (26) is sleeved at the upper end of the square box (24). The outer surface of the screw (26) is threadedly sleeved with the inner wall of the clamping block (6).

5. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The square box (24) has an inlet (25) on the side at the lower end and a first outlet (27) on the side at the upper end.

6. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping block (6) is internally fixedly connected to a second inlet tube (28), and a rubber airbag (29) is fixedly installed at the clamping end of the clamping block (6). One end of the second inlet tube (28) is connected to the rubber airbag (29), and the other end of the second inlet tube (28) is in movable contact with the side of the square box (24) and located below the first liquid outlet (27).

7. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The square box (24) has a second outlet (30) inside, which is located below and to the right of the first outlet (27).

8. The machining and clamping fixture for shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The side of the first outlet tube (17) is fixedly connected to the second outlet tube (31), and the other end of the second outlet tube (31) is in contact with the side of the square box (24) and is located directly below the second outlet (30).

9. The fixture for machining shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first inlet tube (11) and the first outlet tube (17) are rigid tubes.

10. The machining and clamping fixture for shaft-type parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the clamping block (6) and the hook rod (19) are provided with anti-slip serrations.

Images