Automatic feeding and discharging device for cast iron accessory machining

Abstract

The present application relates to the conveying technical field, and discloses an automatic feeding and discharging device for cast iron accessory machining, which comprises a base and a frame installed on the base, and a plurality of groups of reserved holes are arranged on the frame, and a suction disc assembly is installed on each reserved hole; the suction disc assembly comprises a support tube sleeve, a connecting tube sleeve is detachably installed at the bottom end of the support tube sleeve, and the connecting tube sleeve is connected with the support tube sleeve through threads; a disc body is installed at the bottom of the connecting tube sleeve, and a sealing skirt is installed at the edge of the disc body; a gas path control mechanism is arranged inside the air pressure sleeve, so that the gas path is automatically switched on and off according to the contact state; when the part is not contacted, the sealing disc blocks the air-permeable cover plate, the gas path is closed and dustproof; when the part is contacted, the sealing plug is retracted into the tube body, the sealing disc is separated from the air-permeable cover plate through the connecting column, and the gas path is conducted. The liquid film and the cuttings on the adsorption surface can be blown away by introducing high-pressure airflow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of conveying technology, specifically to an automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts. Background Technology

[0002] During the machining of cast iron parts, the surface of the turned parts usually retains cutting fluid and metal shavings. To achieve automated loading and unloading, vacuum chucks are typically used to pick up, transfer, and release the parts. However, the residual cutting fluid and shavings on the surface of the turned cast iron parts can adversely affect the reliable pickup and smooth release of the vacuum chucks.

[0003] In existing technologies, when a vacuum chuck adsorbs parts with residual cutting fluid on their surface, a liquid film fills the space between the chuck's sealing skirt and the part's surface, compromising the seal. This results in slow vacuum build-up, insufficient adsorption force, and in severe cases, the chuck fails to hold the part. Simultaneously, cutting fluid and metal debris are easily drawn into the vacuum lines, causing wear on the vacuum pump, blockages in the lines, and other malfunctions, increasing equipment maintenance costs. Furthermore, the presence of the liquid film and debris during adsorption accelerates the wear of the sealing skirt, shortening the chuck's lifespan. In the unloading process, after eliminating negative pressure in existing vacuum suction cups, parts often fail to detach smoothly from the suction cup due to liquid film adhesion, electrostatic adsorption, or residual negative pressure, resulting in a "sticking" phenomenon. This leads to displacement of the unloading position or parts falling off, affecting production cycle and product quality. Some existing technologies address these issues by separately installing air-blowing cleaning devices and ejector pin pushing devices outside the suction cup. However, these devices are independent of the suction cup, resulting in a dispersed structure, large space occupation, and unsuitability for the compact installation requirements of robotic end effectors. Furthermore, the timing coordination between air blowing and suction actions relies on external control system coordination, leading to slow response speed and complex control logic, making it difficult to adapt to high-speed automated production cycles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts, solving the problems of oil stains on the surface of parts and loading and unloading.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution: an automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts, comprising a base and a frame mounted on the base, wherein the frame is provided with a plurality of pre-drilled holes, and a suction cup assembly is installed in each pre-drilled hole; The suction cup assembly includes a support tube sleeve, and a connecting tube sleeve is detachably installed at the bottom end of the support tube sleeve. The connecting tube sleeve and the support tube sleeve are connected by threads. A disc body is installed at the bottom of the connecting tube sleeve, and a sealing skirt is installed on the edge of the disc body. The outer side of the support tube sleeve is provided with a boss, and a pressure sensor is fitted on the boss. The support tube sleeve passes through the reserved hole on the frame, so that the pressure sensor abuts against the bottom of the frame, and the boss is locked by a nut, so that the pressure sensor is locked at the bottom of the frame to detect the pressure of the suction cup assembly in contact with the accessory. The support sleeve has a movable pneumatic sleeve inside, the bottom end of which passes through the connecting sleeve and exits from the bottom of the disc. The pneumatic sleeve has an internal airflow control mechanism, which is triggered when the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve abuts against the part, switching the pneumatic sleeve from a closed airflow state to an open airflow state, thus connecting the inside of the disc with the external airflow for negative pressure adsorption of the part or spraying high-pressure airflow onto the part surface for cleaning. When the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve leaves the part, the airflow control mechanism resets, switching the pneumatic sleeve from an open airflow state to a closed airflow state, thus disconnecting the inside of the disc from the external airflow. Both the support sleeve and the connecting sleeve have internal support rings with ventilation holes. A piston is fixedly fitted on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve, and the piston is located between the two support rings. A return spring is also fitted on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve, and the return spring is located above the piston with its upper end abutting against the support ring above it. The inner diameters of the support sleeve and the connecting sleeve are the same, allowing the piston to slide between the support sleeve and the connecting sleeve and maintain a seal.

[0006] Preferably, the air circuit control mechanism includes a tube body disposed inside the air pressure sleeve, a vent cover plate at the top of the tube body, and holes for airflow to pass through the vent cover plate; a movable connecting column is disposed inside the tube body, the top of the connecting column protruding through the hole in the middle of the vent cover plate and connected to a sealing disc, the sealing disc being located above the vent cover plate, and a sealing plug being connected to the bottom of the connecting column; a conical jet nozzle is disposed at the bottom of the tube body, and an exhaust port for gas discharge is disposed on the conical jet nozzle; When the bottom of the tube is not against the part, the sealing plug extends halfway out of the bottom of the tube, the sealing disc fits against the vent cover and seals the holes on the vent cover, and the pneumatic sleeve is in a closed air passage state; when the bottom of the tube is against the part, the sealing plug retracts into the tube, the sealing plug drives the sealing disc to move upward through the connecting column, the sealing disc separates from the vent cover and opens the holes on the vent cover, and the pneumatic sleeve is in a connected air passage state.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting post is provided with a baffle plate located inside the tube body, the baffle plate being below the vent cover plate, and a pressure spring is sleeved on the connecting post, with the upper end of the pressure spring abutting against the vent cover plate and the lower end abutting against the baffle plate; when the sealing plug retracts into the tube body, the sealing plug drives the baffle plate to compress the pressure spring and move upward through the connecting post.

[0008] Preferably, the piston is fixedly fitted on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve and located between the two support rings, and the return spring is fitted on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve and located between the piston and the upper support ring; the piston abuts against the lower support ring under the elastic force of the return spring, so that the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve extends from the bottom of the disc body; when negative pressure adsorption occurs, the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve abuts against the part, the internal air passage of the pneumatic sleeve is opened, the gas in the disc body is discharged to form negative pressure, and at the same time, the piston moves upward along the axial direction of the pneumatic sleeve under the action of air pressure and compresses the return spring, so that the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve retracts into the groove inside the disc body.

[0009] Preferably, when the negative pressure is removed, the reset spring returns to its original position under its own elastic force, pushing the piston to move downward along the axial direction of the pneumatic sleeve. The piston causes the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve to extend from the bottom of the disc body and press against the component, pushing the component off the bottom of the suction cup assembly.

[0010] Preferably, when adsorbing parts, high-pressure airflow is first introduced into the suction cup assembly, the bottom of the tube is pressed against the part, the sealing plug is retracted into the tube, and the sealing plug drives the sealing disc to separate from the vent cover plate through the connecting column. The holes on the vent cover plate are opened, and the gas enters the tube through the holes on the vent cover plate in sequence, and is then ejected through the exhaust hole on the conical jet component to clean the surface of the part. After cleaning, negative pressure adsorption is performed.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention incorporates a pneumatic control mechanism inside the pneumatic sleeve, enabling the pneumatic path to automatically open and close depending on the contact state. When not in contact with a part, the sealing disc blocks the vent cover, sealing the pneumatic path to prevent dust. When in contact with a part, the sealing plug retracts into the tube body, and the sealing disc separates from the vent cover via the connecting column, opening the pneumatic path. Introducing a high-pressure airflow can disperse the liquid film and chips on the adsorption surface, making the sealing skirt fit more reliably, establishing the vacuum faster, and reducing the entry of liquid debris into the vacuum pipeline. The entire process is completed automatically by a purely mechanical structure, without the need for solenoid valves or external control systems, resulting in a simple structure and reliable response.

[0012] (2) In this invention, a piston and a return spring are installed on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve. During negative pressure adsorption, the piston compresses the return spring to store energy. After the negative pressure is removed, the return spring drives the pneumatic sleeve to extend downward, actively pushing the parts off the bottom of the disc. This overcomes the problem of material sticking caused by liquid film adhesion and residual negative pressure, ensuring accurate desorption of parts and consistent material placement. The ejector pin action is quickly determined without manual intervention, adapting to automated cycles. At the same time, the sealing plug resets and re-seals the vent cover, preparing for the next adsorption cycle.

[0013] (3) This invention combines airflow cleaning with ejector pin pushing to construct a complete closed loop of "cleaning-adsorption-transfer-pushing-resetting". Airflow cleaning solves the problem of poor suction caused by oil stains, and ejector pin pushing solves the problem of sticking and not being able to be put down after air release. The airflow channel and ejector pin mechanism are both integrated inside the suction cup, which does not occupy external space and is suitable for installation at the end of the robot arm. It is especially suitable for working conditions with residual cutting fluid such as turning parts, reducing downtime, part drop and position deviation, and improving production line yield. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the suction cup assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Internal structure diagram; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pneumatic sleeve of the present invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Frame; 3. Reserved hole; 4. Suction cup assembly; 5. Pressure sensor; 41. Support sleeve; 42. Connecting sleeve; 43. Disc; 44. Sealing skirt; 45. Boss; 46. Pneumatic sleeve; 47. Support ring; 48. Piston; 49. Return spring; 410. Groove; 461. Tube; 462. Conical jet; 463. Vent cover; 464. Connecting column; 465. Sealing disc; 466. Baffle; 467. Pressure spring; 468. Sealing plug; 469. Exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of this disclosure clear and concise, detailed descriptions of known functions and known components are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention.

[0017] Please see Figure 1 The loading and unloading device in this embodiment includes a base 1 and a frame 2 mounted on the base 1. The frame 2 has several sets of pre-drilled holes 3, and a suction cup assembly 4 is installed in each pre-drilled hole 3. The base 1 is the supporting body of the entire device and is used to connect to a robot or automated production line. The frame 2 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the base 1, providing a mounting base for the multiple suction cup assemblies 4. The number of pre-drilled holes 3 is set according to actual production needs, and the pre-drilled holes 3 are arranged in an array on the frame 2.

[0018] See Figure 2 and Figure 3The suction cup assembly 4 includes a support sleeve 41, with a connecting sleeve 42 detachably mounted at the bottom end of the support sleeve 41. The connecting sleeve 42 is threadedly connected to the support sleeve 41. A disc body 43 is mounted at the bottom of the connecting sleeve 42, and a sealing skirt 44 is mounted on the edge of the disc body 43. The support sleeve 41 has a tubular structure and is hollow inside to accommodate the pneumatic sleeve 46. The connecting sleeve 42 is threadedly connected to the support sleeve 41, facilitating the disassembly and replacement of the disc body 43 and the sealing skirt 44. The disc body 43 is the main supporting structure of the suction cup, used to form a sealed space by adhering to the surface of the part during adsorption.

[0019] A boss 45 is provided on the outer side of the support sleeve 41, and a pressure sensor 5 is fitted on the boss 45. The support sleeve 41 passes through the reserved hole 3 on the frame 2, so that the pressure sensor 5 abuts against the bottom of the frame 2, and the boss 45 is locked with a nut, so that the pressure sensor 5 is locked at the bottom of the frame 2. The pressure sensor 5 is used to detect the pressure of the suction cup assembly 4 in contact with the part. When the suction cup assembly 4 presses down to contact the part, the pressure sensor 5 detects the pressure signal and feeds it back to the control system. The control system determines whether the suction cup assembly 4 has made proper contact with the part.

[0020] The support sleeve 41 has a movable pneumatic sleeve 46 inside, and the bottom end of the pneumatic sleeve 46 passes through the connecting sleeve 42 and is led out from the bottom of the disc body 43.

[0021] See Figure 4 The pneumatic sleeve 46 includes a tube body 461, which is disposed inside the pneumatic sleeve 46. A vent cover 463 is provided at the top of the tube body 461, and the vent cover 463 has holes for airflow. A movable connecting post 464 is provided inside the tube body 461. The top of the connecting post 464 extends through a hole in the middle of the vent cover 463 and is connected to a sealing disc 465, which is located above the vent cover 463. A sealing plug 468 is connected to the bottom of the connecting post 464. A conical jet nozzle 462 is provided at the bottom end of the tube body 461, and the conical jet nozzle 462 has an exhaust port 469 for gas discharge.

[0022] A baffle 466 is provided on the connecting post 464, located inside the tube body 461, and the baffle 466 is located below the vent cover 463. A pressure spring 467 is sleeved on the connecting post 464, with the upper end of the pressure spring 467 abutting against the vent cover 463 and the lower end abutting against the baffle 466.

[0023] The sealing plug 468, connecting column 464, and sealing disc 465 form a linkage mechanism to achieve automatic on / off control of the air passage. When the bottom of the tube 461 is not in contact with the part, the sealing disc 465, under the action of the pressure spring 467, seals the vent cover 463, automatically closing the air passage and preventing dust and debris from entering the tube 461. When the bottom of the tube 461 abuts against the part, the sealing plug 468 retracts into the tube 461, and through the connecting column 464, it drives the sealing disc 465 to separate from the vent cover 463, automatically opening the air passage. The entire on / off process is automatically completed by the mechanical structure according to the contact state, without the need for intervention from solenoid valves or external control systems, resulting in a simple structure and reliable response. The baffle 466 and the pressure spring 467 are located in the adjustment platform, which limits and guides the pressure spring 467, ensuring that the sealing disc 465 accurately fits the vent cover 463 when resetting.

[0024] Both the support sleeve 41 and the connecting sleeve 42 have internal support rings 47 with ventilation holes to facilitate airflow. A piston 48 is fixedly fitted onto the outside of the pneumatic sleeve 46, positioned between the two support rings 47. A return spring 49 is also fitted onto the outside of the pneumatic sleeve 46, located above the piston 48 with its upper end abutting against the upper support ring 47. The support sleeve 41 and the connecting sleeve 42 have the same inner diameter, allowing the piston 48 to slide between them and maintain a seal.

[0025] The piston 48 maintains a seal with the inner walls of the support sleeve 41 and the connecting sleeve 42, separating the internal space of the disc 43 from the upper space of the support sleeve 41, ensuring a stable vacuum can be formed inside the disc 43 during negative pressure adsorption. The return spring 49 is compressed and stores energy by the piston 48 during negative pressure adsorption; after the negative pressure is released, the spring force drives the piston 48 to extend the pneumatic sleeve 46 downwards, actively pushing the parts off the bottom of the disc 43, achieving automatic desorption. The support sleeve 41 and the connecting sleeve 42 have the same inner diameter, preventing the piston 48 from getting stuck or leaking due to changes in inner diameter when sliding between the two sleeves, ensuring smooth movement and continuous sealing. The vent holes on the support ring 47 allow airflow, connecting the upper and lower sides of the piston 48 with the external air passage, ensuring smooth sliding of the piston 48.

[0026] The device operation procedure is as follows: Air Blowing Cleaning Process After the cast iron parts are machined, cutting fluid and metal shavings remain on their surface. Before the chuck contacts the workpiece, a high-pressure airflow is introduced into the chuck assembly 4. Under normal conditions, the sealing plug 468 extends halfway out of the bottom of the tube 461, the sealing disc 465 adheres to the vent cover 463 and seals the holes on the vent cover 463, and the air pressure sleeve 46 is in a closed air passage state, preventing gas from entering the tube 461 through the vent cover 463.

[0027] The robotic arm slowly lowers the entire device, bringing the bottom of the tube 461 against the part. At this point, the sealing plug 468 retracts into the tube 461. The sealing plug 468, through the connecting post 464, causes the sealing disc 465 to move upwards, separating it from the vent cover 463 and opening the holes on the vent cover 463. The pneumatic sleeve 46 then switches to the air passage open state. Gas enters the tube 461 sequentially through the holes on the vent cover 463 and is then ejected through the exhaust holes 469 on the conical jet nozzle 462, cleaning the surface of the part.

[0028] The high-pressure airflow disperses the liquid film and chips on the adsorption surface, preventing residual liquid film from damaging the seal between the sealing skirt 44 and the part surface during subsequent adsorption. This allows the sealing skirt 44 to form a more reliable seal with the cleaned part surface, resulting in faster vacuum build-up and more stable adsorption force. Simultaneously, it reduces the risk of liquid and debris being drawn into the vacuum pipeline, lowering the probability of vacuum pump failure.

[0029] negative pressure adsorption process After cleaning, negative pressure adsorption begins. The device continues to move downward, causing the pneumatic sleeve 46 to retract into the disc 43. At this time, the tube 461 is still pressed against the part, the sealing plug 468 remains retracted inside the tube 461, and the internal air passage of the pneumatic sleeve 46 remains open.

[0030] Under air pressure, piston 48 moves upward along the axial direction of pneumatic sleeve 46 and compresses return spring 49, causing the bottom of pneumatic sleeve 46 to contract into groove 410 inside disc 43. Gas inside disc 43 is discharged sequentially through holes inside pneumatic sleeve 46 and on vent cover 463, creating negative pressure between disc 43 and the part surface. Since the part surface has been cleaned by airflow, sealing skirt 44 can form a reliable seal with the cleaned part surface, resulting in faster vacuum establishment and more stable adsorption force, firmly adsorbing and fixing the part to the bottom of disc 43. Pressure sensor 5 detects the contact pressure between suction cup assembly 4 and the part to ensure proper adsorption.

[0031] Airflow cleaning and negative pressure adsorption share the same air passage, eliminating the need for a separate air passage system, which simplifies the internal structure of the suction cup assembly 4 and reduces manufacturing costs. Under negative pressure, the piston 48 automatically moves upward and compresses the return spring 49, converting the negative pressure energy into the elastic potential energy of the return spring 49 for storage, providing power for subsequent ejector pin pushing, without the need for an additional drive mechanism.

[0032] Transfer and unloading process After the part is adsorbed and fixed, the robotic arm moves the entire device to the target position. During the transfer, the piston 48 continuously compresses the return spring 49 under air pressure, the air pressure sleeve 46 remains retracted inside the disc 43, and the sealing skirt 44 maintains a stable negative pressure seal with the surface of the part, ensuring that the part does not shift or fall off during the movement.

[0033] Once the device reaches the target position, the negative pressure is released. The reset spring 49 returns to its original position under its own elastic force, pushing the piston 48 to move downward along the axial direction of the pneumatic sleeve 46. The piston 48 causes the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve 46 to extend from the bottom of the disc body 43 and press against the component, actively pushing the component off the bottom of the suction cup assembly 4.

[0034] Driven by the return spring 49, the pneumatic sleeve 46 extends as an ejector pin, actively pushing the part away from the suction cup. This effectively overcomes the problem of material sticking caused by liquid film adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, or residual negative pressure, ensuring that the part accurately detaches from the suction cup every time and preventing the part from being lifted, shifted, or fallen by the suction cup, thus guaranteeing the consistency of the feeding position. The ejector pin action is fast and definite, requiring no manual intervention and adapting to the cycle time of automated production.

[0035] Under the elastic force of the pressure spring 467, the sealing plug 468 extends halfway from the bottom of the tube 461. The sealing disc 465 re-attaches to the vent cover 463 and seals the holes in the vent cover 463. The pneumatic sleeve 46 returns to the closed air passage state, preventing dust and debris from entering the tube 461 and preparing for the next cleaning and adsorption. After the ejector pin pushes the material, the device enters the next cycle. When it comes into contact with the part again, high-pressure airflow is reintroduced for cleaning, and the above operation is repeated. The entire working process forms a complete closed loop of "airflow cleaning → negative pressure adsorption → transfer → ejector pin pushing and desorption → reset". All actions are automatically completed inside the suction cup without manual intervention.

[0036] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within its spirit and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts, characterized in that: It includes a base (1) and a frame (2) mounted on the base (1), and the frame (2) is provided with several sets of reserved holes (3), and each reserved hole (3) is equipped with a suction cup assembly (4). The suction cup assembly (4) includes a support sleeve (41), and a connecting sleeve (42) is detachably installed at the bottom end of the support sleeve (41). The connecting sleeve (42) and the support sleeve (41) are connected by threads. A disc body (43) is installed at the bottom of the connecting sleeve (42), and a sealing skirt (44) is installed on the edge of the disc body (43). The outer side of the support sleeve (41) is provided with a boss (45), and a pressure sensor (5) is sleeved on the boss (45). The support sleeve (41) passes through the reserved hole (3) on the frame (2), so that the pressure sensor (5) abuts against the bottom of the frame (2), and the boss (45) is locked by a nut, so that the pressure sensor (5) is locked at the bottom of the frame (2) to detect the pressure of the suction cup assembly (4) in contact with the accessory; The support sleeve (41) is provided with a movable pneumatic sleeve (46) inside. The bottom end of the pneumatic sleeve (46) passes through the connecting sleeve (42) and exits from the bottom of the disc body (43). The pneumatic sleeve (46) is provided with a pneumatic control mechanism inside. The pneumatic control mechanism is triggered when the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve (46) touches the part, so that the pneumatic sleeve (46) switches from the pneumatic closed state to the pneumatic open state, so that the inside of the disc body (43) is connected to the external pneumatic path, for negative pressure adsorption of the part or high-pressure airflow is sprayed onto the surface of the part for cleaning. The pneumatic control mechanism is reset when the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve (46) leaves the part, so that the pneumatic sleeve (46) switches from the pneumatic open state to the pneumatic closed state, so that the inside of the disc body (43) is disconnected from the external pneumatic path. Both the support sleeve (41) and the connecting sleeve (42) are provided with support rings (47) inside, and the support rings (47) are provided with vent holes; a piston (48) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve (46), and the piston (48) is located between the two support rings (47); a return spring (49) is also sleeved on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve (46), and the return spring (49) is located above the piston (48) and its upper end abuts against the support ring (47) located above; the inner diameters of the support sleeve (41) and the connecting sleeve (42) are the same, so that the piston (48) can slide between the support sleeve (41) and the connecting sleeve (42) and maintain a seal.

2. The automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air circuit control mechanism includes a tube body (461) disposed inside the air pressure sleeve (46), a vent cover plate (463) provided at the top of the tube body (461), and a hole for airflow to pass through the vent cover plate (463); a movable connecting column (464) is provided inside the tube body (461), the top of the connecting column (464) passes through the hole in the middle of the vent cover plate (463) and is connected to a sealing plate (465), the sealing plate (465) is located above the vent cover plate (463), and a sealing plug (468) is connected to the bottom of the connecting column (464); a conical jet nozzle (462) is provided at the bottom end of the tube body (461), and an exhaust port (469) for gas discharge is provided on the conical jet nozzle (462). When the bottom of the tube (461) is not against the part, the sealing plug (468) extends halfway out of the bottom of the tube (461), the sealing disc (465) fits against the vent cover (463) and seals the hole on the vent cover (463), and the pneumatic sleeve (46) is in a closed air passage state; when the bottom of the tube (461) is against the part, the sealing plug (468) retracts into the tube (461), the sealing plug (468) drives the sealing disc (465) to move upward through the connecting column (464), the sealing disc (465) separates from the vent cover (463) and opens the hole on the vent cover (463), and the pneumatic sleeve (46) is in a connected air passage state.

3. The automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting post (464) is provided with a baffle (466) located inside the tube body (461). The baffle (466) is located below the vent cover plate (463). A pressure spring (467) is sleeved on the connecting post (464). The upper end of the pressure spring (467) abuts against the vent cover plate (463) and the lower end abuts against the baffle (466). When the sealing plug (468) retracts into the tube body (461), the sealing plug (468) drives the baffle (466) to compress the pressure spring (467) and move upward through the connecting post (464).

4. The automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston (48) is fixedly fitted on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve (46) and located between the two support rings (47). The return spring (49) is fitted on the outside of the pneumatic sleeve (46) and located between the piston (48) and the support ring (47) located above. Under the elastic force of the return spring (49), the piston (48) presses against the support ring (47) located below, so that the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve (46) extends out from the bottom of the disc (43). When the negative pressure is absorbed, the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve (46) presses against the part, the internal air passage of the pneumatic sleeve (46) is opened, the gas in the disc (43) is discharged to form a negative pressure, and at the same time, the piston (48) moves upward along the axial direction of the pneumatic sleeve (46) under the action of the air pressure and compresses the return spring (49), so that the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve (46) retracts into the groove (410) inside the disc (43).

5. An automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the negative pressure is removed, the reset spring (49) resets downward under its own elastic force, pushing the piston (48) to move downward along the axial direction of the pneumatic sleeve (46). The piston (48) causes the bottom of the pneumatic sleeve (46) to extend from the bottom of the disc body (43) and press against the component, pushing the component off the bottom of the suction cup assembly (4).

6. The automated loading and unloading device for processing cast iron parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: When adsorbing the parts, high-pressure airflow is first introduced into the suction cup assembly (4), the bottom of the tube (461) is pressed against the parts, the sealing plug (468) is retracted into the tube (461), and the sealing plug (468) drives the sealing disc (465) to separate from the vent cover (463) through the connecting column (464). The holes on the vent cover (463) are opened, and the gas enters the tube (461) through the holes on the vent cover (463) in sequence, and is then ejected through the exhaust hole (469) on the conical jet component (462) to clean the surface of the parts. After cleaning, negative pressure adsorption is performed.

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