Five-axis machining test piece and test method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of precision machining, and provides a five-axis machining test piece and a test method, the five-axis machining test piece comprises a mounting base and a test piece body, the mounting base is used for being connected with a machine tool workbench, the test piece body is arranged on the mounting base, the test piece body has a machining surface, a spherical cavity is arranged on the machining surface, a ball center corresponding to the spherical cavity is located in a plane where the machining surface is located, and the ball center is arranged to deviate from a mounting center of the mounting base, the spherical cavity arranged eccentrically guarantees a multi-axis linkage state of the machine tool in the machining process, and the problem that the existing test piece is difficult to reflect the comprehensive machining precision under the multi-axis linkage state of the five-axis machine tool is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, and in particular to five-axis machining test pieces and testing methods. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein are provided only as background information in connection with this application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the comprehensive evaluation of the performance of vertical five-axis machine tools, machining test pieces are widely used for testing the machining accuracy of the machine tools. Unlike traditional static accuracy testing, test piece machining testing can comprehensively reflect the multi-axis linkage performance, providing an evaluation basis that closely reflects real working conditions for machine tool accuracy calibration and process optimization.

[0004] Existing test specimens are diverse, commonly including inclined frustum cone specimens and S-shaped specimens. Among them, the inclined frustum cone specimen has a relatively simple structure and is easier to manufacture. It can directly reflect the geometric error of the machine tool's rotary axis and the tool axis posture error. However, its shape and curve are too uniform, making it difficult to reflect the comprehensive machining accuracy of a five-axis machine tool under various linkage states. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in related technologies. To this end, this invention proposes a five-axis machining inspection test piece, which, through an eccentrically positioned spherical cavity, ensures the multi-axis linkage state of the machine tool during machining, thus solving the problem that existing inspection test pieces are unable to reflect the comprehensive machining accuracy under various linkage states of a five-axis machine tool.

[0006] The present invention also proposes a method for testing test pieces in five-axis machining.

[0007] A five-axis machining inspection test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: Mounting base for connection to the machine tool worktable; The specimen body is disposed on the mounting base. The specimen body has a machined surface, and a spherical cavity is provided on the machined surface. The center of the spherical cavity is located in the plane of the machined surface, and the center of the spherical cavity is offset from the mounting center of the mounting base.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting base has a first reference axis, the specimen body has a second reference axis, the mounting center is located on the first reference axis, the center of the spherical cavity is located on the second reference axis, and the first reference axis and the second reference axis are parallel and spaced apart.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting base is disc-shaped, the specimen body is cylindrical, the first reference axis is the axis of the mounting base, and the second reference axis is the axis of the specimen body.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the first reference axis and the second reference axis is greater than the radius of the spherical surface corresponding to the spherical cavity, and less than the radius of the specimen body.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the processed surface is provided with a plurality of detection grooves, the plurality of detection grooves are arranged circumferentially along the spherical cavity, and the detection grooves are arranged radially along the specimen body.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the detection groove includes a conical groove, each of the conical grooves having a central axis, and the center of the spherical cavity corresponding to the spherical cavity is located on each of the central axes.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the specimen body further has a side surface connected to the processed surface, and each of the detection grooves has an inner end opening and an outer end opening, the inner end opening being formed on the cavity surface of the spherical cavity, and the outer end opening being formed on the side surface.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the inner end opening is smaller than the size of the outer end opening, and the size of the inner end opening is smaller than the radius of the spherical cavity corresponding to the sphere.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, four detection slots are provided, each detection slot having the same shape and size, and the included angle between the central axes of two adjacent detection slots being equal.

[0016] A method for inspecting a five-axis machining test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising: The blank is mounted on a machine tool, and the machine tool is controlled to process the blank surface to form a spherical cavity and multiple conical grooves. Obtain the cavity surface measurement data of the spherical cavity after processing and the inner wall measurement data of each of the conical grooves; The actual spherical surface is obtained based on the cavity surface measurement data, and the actual spherical center is determined based on the actual spherical surface. The actual conical surface is obtained based on the inner wall measurement data of each conical groove, and the actual central axis is determined based on each actual conical surface. The geometric parameters of the actual sphere, each of the actual cones, and each of the actual center axes are compared with the corresponding theoretical geometric parameters to determine the machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool to be tested.

[0017] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: By setting a spherical cavity on the machined surface of the specimen body, the spherical cavity forms a continuously variable curvature inner cavity machining area. The center of the spherical cavity is located in the plane of the machined surface and is set off-center relative to the mounting center of the mounting base. This makes the machining path of the spherical cavity offset relative to the mounting center. When the five-axis machine tool is machining different areas of the spherical cavity, it can drive the position of the tool and the posture of the tool axis to change continuously with the machining path. This ensures that all five motion axes of the machine tool participate in the linkage interpolation. The machining result of the spherical cavity can reflect the spatial positioning accuracy, multi-axis linkage interpolation accuracy and inner cavity surface forming capability of the machine tool. This solves the problem that existing test specimens are difficult to accurately reflect the machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool when performing linkage machining of the inner cavity surface.

[0018] Furthermore, in the inspection method for the five-axis machining test piece provided by the present invention, the five-axis machining test piece as described above is used, thus possessing the same advantages as described above.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention and are not considered as limitations on this application. Moreover, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the five-axis machining inspection test piece provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of the five-axis machining test piece provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the five-axis machining test piece provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a top view of the specimen body in the five-axis machining test specimen provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6This is a schematic structural diagram of the five-axis machining test specimen provided by the present invention, used to represent the measurement points of the specimen body.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the steps of the five-axis machining test piece inspection method provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Mounting base; 11. First reference axis; 12. First radial reference line; 13. Countersunk hole; 2. Specimen body; 21. Machined surface; 22. Spherical cavity; 23. Detection groove; 231. Inner end opening; 232. Outer end opening; 24. Side surface; 25. Second reference axis; 26. Second radial reference line; 27. Threaded hole; 28. Measuring point. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] The specific terms used in this specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the illustrated embodiments. For example, expressions such as "same" and "identical" not only indicate a strictly identical state, but also indicate a state with tolerances or differences in the degree of functionality. For example, expressions indicating relative or absolute arrangement such as "in a certain direction," "along a certain direction," "side by side," "perpendicular," "centered on," "concentric," or "coaxial" not only strictly indicate such an arrangement, but also indicate a state of relative displacement by tolerances or angles or distances with the same degree of functionality.

[0031] The terms “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential” indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those features. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, B1 and / or B2 can represent: B1 existing alone, B1 and B2 existing simultaneously, and B2 existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 A five-axis machining test piece is described according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Currently, the inclined cone truss specimen has a relatively simple structure and is easy to process. It can directly reflect the geometric error of the machine tool's rotating axis and the tool axis posture error. However, its shape and contour curve are too simple and cannot reflect the comprehensive machining accuracy of a five-axis machine tool under various linkage states.

[0036] Reference Figures 1-5 In this embodiment, the five-axis machining test specimen includes a mounting base 1 and a specimen body 2. The mounting base 1 is used to connect with the machine tool worktable. The specimen body 2 is set on the mounting base 1. The specimen body 2 has a machining surface 21. A spherical cavity 22 is provided on the machining surface 21. The center of the spherical cavity 22 is located in the plane where the machining surface 21 is located. The center of the spherical cavity 22 is offset from the installation center of the mounting base 1.

[0037] By setting a spherical cavity 22 on the machining surface 21 of the specimen body 2, the spherical cavity 22 forms a continuously variable curvature inner cavity machining area. The center of the spherical cavity 22 is located in the plane of the machining surface 21 and is set off-center relative to the mounting center of the mounting base 1. This makes the machining path of the spherical cavity 22 offset relative to the mounting center. When the five-axis machine tool is machining different areas of the spherical cavity 22, it can drive the position of the tool and the posture of the tool axis to change continuously with the machining path. This ensures that all five motion axes of the machine tool participate in the linkage interpolation. The machining result of the spherical cavity 22 can reflect the spatial positioning accuracy, multi-axis linkage interpolation accuracy and inner cavity surface forming capability of the machine tool. This solves the problem that existing test specimens are difficult to accurately reflect the machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool when performing linkage machining of the inner cavity surface.

[0038] Mounting base 1 is used to set the specimen body 2. The specimen body 2 is mounted on the machine tool table through mounting base 1 to ensure the installation position of the test specimen relative to the machine tool table, and to facilitate the spatial positional relationship between the spherical cavity 22 and the machine tool table.

[0039] The mounting base 1 can be a plate-shaped structure or a block-shaped structure, etc. The mounting base 1 and the machine tool can be connected by a clamping structure or an adsorption structure, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0040] The mounting base 1 has a mounting center, which can be determined by a centerline extending along the thickness direction of the mounting base 1 and passing through the geometric center of the mounting base 1. The center of the spherical cavity 22 is offset from the mounting center of the mounting base 1; that is, there is a gap between the center of the sphere and the centerline. Specifically, when the mounting base 1 is disc-shaped, the mounting center is determined by the central axis of the disc-shaped mounting base 1. When the mounting base 1 is cube-shaped or cuboid-shaped, the mounting center is determined by a centerline passing through the geometric center of the mounting base 1 and extending along the thickness direction of the mounting base 1.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mounting base 1 has a first reference axis 11, and the specimen body 2 has a second reference axis 25. The mounting center is located on the first reference axis 11, and the center of the spherical cavity 22 is located on the second reference axis 25. The first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 are parallel and spaced apart. The first reference axis 11 is the extension direction of the mounting center, and the second reference axis 25 is the extension direction of the center of the sphere. By setting the first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 parallel and spaced apart, the mounting center and the center of the spherical cavity 22 are offset in the horizontal direction. The distance between the first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 is the offset of the spherical cavity 22 relative to the mounting base 1, thereby improving the processing consistency and testing repeatability of the spatial position of the spherical cavity 22.

[0042] In some embodiments, the mounting base 1 is disc-shaped, the specimen body 2 is cylindrical, the first reference axis 11 is the axis of the mounting base 1, and the second reference axis 25 is the axis of the specimen body 2. This facilitates the determination of the first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 based on the mounting base 1 and the specimen body 2, thereby facilitating the determination of the offset position of the specimen body 2 relative to the mounting base 1 and improving the convenience of specimen processing and assembly.

[0043] In some embodiments, the distance between the first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 is greater than the radius of the spherical surface corresponding to the spherical cavity 22, but less than the radius of the specimen body 2. By making the distance between the first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 greater than the radius of the spherical surface corresponding to the spherical cavity 22, the first reference axis 11 is located outside the coverage area of ​​the spherical cavity 22 on the machining surface 21, and each machining area of ​​the spherical cavity 22 forms a radial distance with respect to the first reference axis 11. When machining the spherical cavity 22 using a five-axis linkage method, the machine tool coordinates the relative position and relative posture between the tool and the specimen body 2 according to the position and surface orientation of each machining area of ​​the spherical cavity 22, so that the machining result of the spherical cavity 22 can reflect the linkage machining accuracy between the multiple motion axes of the machine tool. By ensuring that the distance between the first reference axis 11 and the second reference axis 25 is less than the radius of the specimen body 2, the first reference axis 11 is located within the radial range of the specimen body 2, thereby ensuring the degree of offset of the specimen body 2 relative to the mounting base 1, ensuring the compactness of the overall structure of the test specimen, and ensuring the stability of the processing state.

[0044] In some embodiments, the machined surface 21 is provided with a plurality of detection grooves 23, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the spherical cavity 22 and extend radially along the specimen body 2. The plurality of detection grooves 23 are located circumferentially in the spherical cavity 22 and correspond to different radial directions of the specimen body 2, enabling the specimen to form multiple groove-type detection features with different machining directions. When machining each detection groove 23 on a five-axis machine tool, the relative position and orientation between the tool and the specimen body 2 need to be adjusted for different radial directions. After machining, the contour and position of each detection groove 23 can be measured separately, and the machining errors of the detection grooves 23 in different directions can be compared, thereby evaluating the linkage interpolation accuracy and machining consistency of the five-axis machine tool in multiple directions.

[0045] Multiple detection slots 23 can be evenly arranged along the circumference of the spherical cavity 22, or they can be arranged at different circumferential intervals according to the predetermined detection direction.

[0046] In some embodiments, the detection groove 23 includes conical grooves, each with a central axis, and the center of the spherical cavity 22 corresponding to the spherical cavity is located on each central axis. The width of the conical groove gradually changes along its extension direction, and the central axis is the theoretical axis of the conical surface corresponding to the conical groove.

[0047] By ensuring that the central axis of each conical groove passes through the center of the corresponding sphere in the spherical cavity 22, multiple conical grooves share a common geometric reference at the center of the sphere, forming an interconnected detection structure with the spherical cavity 22. During inspection, the center of the sphere can be determined by fitting the measurement data of the spherical cavity 22. Using the center of the sphere as a reference, the position of the central axis of each conical groove, the angular relationship between the central axes, and the contour error of the conical surface can be determined. This allows for the determination of the machining accuracy of conical grooves in multiple directions, reducing errors caused by establishing separate measurement references for different detection features and improving the accuracy of the inspection results.

[0048] In some embodiments, the specimen body 2 further has a side surface 24 connected to the machined surface 21. Each detection groove 23 has an inner end opening 231 and an outer end opening 232. The inner end opening 231 is formed on the cavity surface of the spherical cavity 22, and the outer end opening 232 is formed on the side surface 24. The side surface 24 is a surface on the specimen body 2 that connects to the machined surface 21 and forms the outer periphery of the specimen body 2. In this embodiment, the specimen body 2 is cylindrical, and the side surface 24 is a cylindrical outer periphery. The detection groove 23 and the spherical cavity 22 are connected and intersected by the inner end opening 231, and the detection groove 23 is extended to the outside of the specimen body 2 by the outer end opening 232, thereby forming a through structure between the spherical cavity 22 and the multiple detection grooves 23. This can simulate the cavity and channel communication structure in parts such as micro-flow guide cavities and fuel diversion components. After machining, the contours and surface quality of the spherical cavity 22, the inspection groove 23, and the intersecting area can be inspected to evaluate the machining capability of the five-axis machine tool for complex internal cavities and intersecting curved surfaces.

[0049] In some embodiments, the size of the inner opening 231 is smaller than the size of the outer opening 232, and the size of the inner opening 231 is smaller than the radius of the spherical surface corresponding to the spherical cavity 22. The smaller size of the inner opening 231 compared to the outer opening 232 causes the detection groove 23 to gradually shrink from the side surface 24 towards the spherical cavity 22, thereby forming a conical groove structure. The smaller size of the inner opening 231 compared to the radius of the spherical surface corresponding to the spherical cavity 22 ensures the overall structure of the spherical cavity 22, guarantees a smooth transition between the spherical cavity and the detection groove 23, avoids interference, and ensures the complete formation of the intersecting area.

[0050] Optionally, four detection slots 23 are provided, each with the same shape and size, and the included angle between the central axes of two adjacent detection slots 23 is equal. The four detection slots 23 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the spherical cavity 22, and the included angle between the central axes of two adjacent detection slots 23 is 90 degrees. This allows the four detection slots 23 to form four detection features in different directions with consistent machining conditions. By comparing the contour error and position error of each detection slot 23, the machining accuracy and machining consistency of the five-axis machine tool in different machining directions can be evaluated.

[0051] Furthermore, the specimen body 2 has a second radial reference line 26, and the mounting base 1 has a first radial reference line 12. After the specimen body 2 is placed on the mounting base 1, the projections of the second radial reference line 26 and the first radial reference line 12 on the horizontal plane coincide, thereby determining the circumferential assembly position of the specimen body 2 on the mounting base 1. After the mounting base 1 is installed on the machine tool worktable, the second radial reference line 26 can coincide with the projection of the horizontal direction of the machine tool workpiece coordinate system on the horizontal plane, thus making the second radial reference line 26 consistent with the horizontal direction of the machine tool coordinate system. This facilitates the determination of the positions of the specimen body 2, the spherical cavity 22, and each detection groove 23, and facilitates the establishment of the workpiece coordinate system, the determination of the machining path, and the processing of detection data.

[0052] The test pieces are installed in the same orientation during multiple processing steps to ensure the consistency of the test piece's position relative to the machine tool coordinate system and improve the repeatability of the test results.

[0053] Optionally, the second radial reference line 26 is the central axis of any one of the detection slots 23. When the four detection slots 23 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the spherical cavity 22, the central axis of any one detection slot 23 is used as the second radial reference line 26, and the central axis of the other detection slot 23 opposite to that detection slot 23 is also the second radial reference line 26. The two central axes of the other two opposite detection slots 23 are collinear and perpendicular to the second radial reference line 26. The four detection slots 23 form two mutually perpendicular detection directions. After the second radial reference line 26 is aligned with the horizontal direction of the machine tool coordinate system, the central axes of the other two detection slots 23 can be aligned with the other perpendicular horizontal direction of the machine tool coordinate system, namely the X-axis and Y-axis of the machine tool coordinate system, thereby facilitating machining and data processing.

[0054] In some embodiments, the specimen body 2 is disposed on the mounting base 1, including a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral molding of the specimen body 2 and the mounting base 1. In this embodiment, the specimen body 2 is detachably connected to the mounting base 1. The end face of the specimen body 2 facing the mounting base 1 has a threaded hole 27, and the mounting base 1 has a countersunk hole 13 corresponding to the threaded hole 27. Fasteners pass through the countersunk hole 13 and are threadedly connected to the threaded hole 27 to thread the specimen body 2 onto the mounting base 1. The head of the fastener is accommodated in the countersunk hole 13 to prevent the fastener from protruding from the mounting base 1, ensuring the stability and reliability of the mounting base 1 when mounted on the machine tool worktable.

[0055] In summary, the five-axis machining test piece provided by this invention, by offsetting the test piece body 2 on the mounting base 1 and setting a spherical cavity 22 on the machining surface 21 of the test piece body 2, allows the relative position and relative posture between the tool and the test piece to continuously change when the five-axis machine tool is machining different areas of the spherical cavity 22. By detecting the machining contour of the spherical cavity 22, the positioning error and linkage error of each motion axis of the machine tool can be determined. By setting multiple detection grooves 23 circumferentially on the spherical cavity 22, and making each detection groove 23 intersect and communicate with the spherical cavity 22 with the center of the sphere corresponding to the spherical cavity 22 as a common geometric reference, a composite machining feature with spherical surface, groove surface and intersecting area is formed. This allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the machining accuracy, machining consistency and complex surface forming capability of the five-axis machine tool in different machining directions. This solves the problem that existing test pieces cannot accurately reflect the machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool when performing linkage machining of internal cavity surfaces.

[0056] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 7 The present invention describes a method for inspecting a five-axis machining test piece, the method comprising: S100: The blank is mounted on the machine tool, and the machine tool is controlled to process the blank on the machining surface 21 to form a spherical cavity 22 and multiple conical grooves.

[0057] Specifically, the blank includes a mounting base 1 and a specimen body 2 disposed on the mounting base 1. The mounting base 1 is connected to the machine tool worktable. When clamping the blank, the mounting orientation of the blank relative to the machine tool coordinate system can be determined according to the radial reference lines on the mounting base 1 and the specimen body 2, and the predetermined radial reference line is aligned with the X-axis direction of the machine tool coordinate system to establish the workpiece coordinate system.

[0058] A machining program is generated based on the theoretical model of the five-axis machining test piece. The five-axis machine tool is controlled to machine a surface 21 at the top of the test piece body 2. Then, a spherical cavity 22 is machined on the surface 21, and multiple conical grooves are machined circumferentially around the spherical cavity 22. The theoretical center of the spherical cavity 22 is located in the plane of the machined surface 21 and is offset from the mounting center of the mounting base 1. Each conical groove extends from the spherical cavity 22 to the side surface 24 of the test piece body 2 and intersects and communicates with the spherical cavity 22.

[0059] During the machining of the spherical cavity 22 and multiple conical grooves, the five-axis machine tool adjusts the relative position and attitude between the tool and the blank according to each machining position, so that multiple motion axes of the machine tool participate in linkage interpolation. Thus, the positioning error and multi-axis linkage error of the machine tool can be reflected by the actual geometric shape and positional relationship of the spherical cavity 22 and multiple conical grooves after machining.

[0060] S200: Obtain the cavity surface measurement data of the machined spherical cavity 22 and the inner wall measurement data of each conical groove.

[0061] Specifically, multiple measurement points 28 are selected on the cavity surface of the spherical cavity 22, and the spatial coordinates of each measurement point 28 are obtained to form cavity surface measurement data. Multiple measurement points 28 are selected on the inner wall of each conical groove, and the spatial coordinates of each measurement point 28 are obtained to form groove surface measurement data of the corresponding conical groove.

[0062] During measurement, a coordinate measuring machine or other measuring equipment can be used. The measurement points 28 on the spherical cavity 22 can be distributed in different areas of the spherical cavity 22, and the measurement points 28 on each conical groove can be distributed along the extension direction and circumference of the conical groove to ensure that the acquired measurement data can reflect the actual contours of the spherical cavity 22 and the conical groove.

[0063] S300: Obtain the actual spherical surface based on the cavity surface measurement data, and determine the actual sphere center based on the actual sphere surface.

[0064] Specifically, spherical fitting is performed based on the spatial coordinates of multiple measurement points 28 on the spherical cavity 22 to obtain the actual spherical surface corresponding to the machined spherical cavity 22. Based on the actual spherical surface, the actual center of the sphere, the actual radius of the sphere, and the deviation of each measurement point 28 relative to the actual sphere can be determined.

[0065] S400: Obtain the corresponding actual conical surface based on the measurement data of the inner wall of each conical groove, and determine the actual center axis based on each actual conical surface.

[0066] Specifically, the actual conical surface corresponding to the conical groove is obtained by fitting the spatial coordinates of multiple measurement points 28 on the inner wall of each conical groove. Based on the actual conical surface, the actual cone angle, the actual central axis, and the contour error of the actual conical surface can be determined.

[0067] S500: Compare the geometric parameters of the actual sphere, each actual cone, and each actual center axis with the corresponding theoretical geometric parameters to determine the machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool to be tested.

[0068] Specifically, the actual center position, actual radius, and contour of the sphere are compared with the corresponding theoretical geometric parameters to determine the positional error, dimensional error, and contour error of the spherical cavity 22. The cone angle and contour of each actual conical surface are compared with the corresponding theoretical cone surface to determine the cone angle error and contour error of each conical groove. The position and direction of each actual central axis are compared with the corresponding theoretical central axis to determine the positional error and direction error of each conical groove.

[0069] Furthermore, the positional relationship between each actual center axis and the actual sphere center, the included angle between adjacent actual center axes, and the collinear relationship between relatively set actual center axes are compared with the corresponding theoretical geometric relationships to evaluate the relative positional accuracy between the spherical cavity 22 and each conical groove, as well as the machining consistency in different machining directions, thereby determining the positioning accuracy and multi-axis linkage machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool to be tested.

[0070] It should be noted that the attached drawings of the measurement points 28 of the specimen body 2 in this embodiment are only illustrative. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the measurement path and number of measurement points 28 according to actual usage requirements. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis machining inspection test piece, characterized in that, include: Mounting base for connection to the machine tool worktable; The specimen body is disposed on the mounting base. The specimen body has a machined surface, and a spherical cavity is provided on the machined surface. The center of the spherical cavity is located in the plane of the machined surface, and the center of the spherical cavity is offset from the mounting center of the mounting base.

2. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base has a first reference axis, the specimen body has a second reference axis, the mounting center is located on the first reference axis, the center of the spherical cavity is located on the second reference axis, and the first reference axis and the second reference axis are parallel and spaced apart.

3. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting base is disc-shaped, and the specimen body is cylindrical. The first reference axis is the axis of the mounting base, and the second reference axis is the axis of the specimen body.

4. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the first reference axis and the second reference axis is greater than the radius of the spherical cavity corresponding to the sphere, but less than the radius of the specimen body.

5. The five-axis machining test piece according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The processed surface is provided with a plurality of detection grooves, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the spherical cavity and extend radially along the specimen body.

6. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detection groove includes a conical groove, each of which has a central axis, and the center of the spherical cavity is located on each of the central axes.

7. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specimen body also has a side surface connected to the processed surface, and each of the detection grooves has an inner end opening and an outer end opening. The inner end opening is formed on the cavity surface of the spherical cavity, and the outer end opening is formed on the side surface.

8. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 7, characterized in that, The size of the inner end opening is smaller than the size of the outer end opening, and the size of the inner end opening is smaller than the radius of the spherical cavity corresponding to the sphere.

9. The five-axis machining test piece according to claim 7, characterized in that, The detection slots are provided in four ways, and each detection slot has the same shape and size. The included angle between the central axes of two adjacent detection slots is equal.

10. A method for inspecting test pieces in five-axis machining, characterized in that, The method includes: The blank is mounted on a machine tool, and the machine tool is controlled to process the blank surface to form a spherical cavity and multiple conical grooves. Obtain the cavity surface measurement data of the spherical cavity after processing and the inner wall measurement data of each of the conical grooves; The actual spherical surface is obtained based on the cavity surface measurement data, and the actual spherical center is determined based on the actual spherical surface. The actual conical surface is obtained based on the inner wall measurement data of each conical groove, and the actual central axis is determined based on each actual conical surface. The geometric parameters of the actual sphere, each of the actual cones, and each of the actual center axes are compared with the corresponding theoretical geometric parameters to determine the machining accuracy of the five-axis machine tool to be tested.

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