Steering device, steering system and vehicle

Abstract

A steering device, a steering system and a vehicle, the steering device comprising a steering wheel, the steering wheel comprising a folded state and an unfolded state, the steering wheel being configured to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state by a folding action, the vehicle or the steering device being configured to issue a warning in the presence of a folding obstacle state. The application detects the state of the steering wheel during folding or unfolding, and when a folding obstacle state exists in the folding or unfolding mechanism, the vehicle or the steering device issues a warning, so as to reduce the risk or accident occurring during folding or unfolding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to steering devices, steering systems, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, the lack of monitoring of the movement state of the steering wheel during the folding or unfolding process of the steering device makes it impossible to prevent risks during the folding or unfolding process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The steering device, steering system, and vehicle provided in this application's embodiments at least partially solve the aforementioned problems. A first aspect of this application provides a steering device for a vehicle, the steering device comprising:

[0004] A steering wheel, the steering wheel having a folded state and an unfolded state, the steering wheel being configured to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state by a folding action, and the vehicle or the steering device being configured to issue a warning in the presence of a folding obstacle.

[0005] Optionally, the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue a warning in at least one of the following situations: before the steering wheel begins to fold, when the steering wheel is foldable, during the folding process of the steering wheel, and when there is a folding obstacle in the steering device.

[0006] Optionally, the vehicle or the steering device includes at least one of a display, a speaker, and a vibrator, and the alert includes at least one of a graphic alert from the display, an audio alert from the speaker, and a vibration alert from the vibrator.

[0007] Optionally, when the vehicle meets the second condition, the steering device also issues a reminder through the vehicle to switch the steering wheel to the unfolded state or keep the steering wheel in the unfolded state;

[0008] The second condition includes one or more of the following:

[0009] The vehicle received an unlock command.

[0010] The vehicle received a power-on command;

[0011] The vehicle received a driving instruction.

[0012] The vehicle receives a command to open the driver's side door;

[0013] The vehicle detected that a driver had boarded.

[0014] The driver's side door of the vehicle is open;

[0015] The vehicle was found to have a person in the driver's seat;

[0016] The vehicle is in the first driving state;

[0017] The vehicle is experiencing a network malfunction.

[0018] The steering device components are in an abnormal state;

[0019] The vehicle's remaining energy is below a set threshold, where the remaining energy is the energy sufficient to drive the vehicle.

[0020] The vehicle is switched to a driving state or is in a driving state, the driving state including the vehicle being in a gear other than P, the vehicle being in a gear D, or the vehicle being in a gear R, or the vehicle speed being greater than 0.

[0021] Optionally, if the vehicle or the steering device is configured to be in a state where the vehicle is driving based on the intelligent driving system, it can remind the user to fold the steering wheel or remind the user to unfold the steering wheel according to the state of the intelligent driving system.

[0022] Optionally, the folded barrier state includes one or more of the following:

[0023] The folding path area contains obstacles, and the folding path area includes: the area that the steering wheel needs to pass through to fold; or, the area that the steering device needs to pass through to complete the remaining folding action.

[0024] Optionally, the obstacle includes living obstacles and non-living obstacles, the warning includes general warning and emergency warning, and the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue an emergency warning even if the obstacle is a living obstacle.

[0025] Optionally, the steering device includes multiple components, and there are obstacles in the area that the steering device needs to pass through to complete the remaining folding action. This includes: when the steering device completes the remaining folding action, at least one of the multiple components of the steering device needs to pass through an area with obstacles. The multiple components of the steering device include: a steering wheel folding motor, a steering wheel folding motor, a storage mechanism, a flip-up motor, and a sliding display.

[0026] Optionally, the vehicle or the steering system is configured to issue different warnings depending on the component if there is an obstacle in the area that at least one of the multiple components of the steering system needs to pass through.

[0027] Optionally, the alert includes a general alert and an emergency alert. If there is an obstacle in the area that the steering wheel folding motor and / or the storage mechanism needs to pass through, the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue an emergency alert. If there is an obstacle in the area that at least one of the steering wheel folding motor, the flip-up motor, and the sliding display needs to pass through, the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue a general alert.

[0028] A steering system, characterized in that it includes the steering device described in any one of the preceding claims.

[0029] A vehicle characterized in that it includes the steering device described in any one of the preceding claims, or includes the steering system described in the preceding claims.

[0030] Optionally, the vehicle also includes a driver's seat, and the vehicle is configured to move the driver's seat away from the steering wheel during the folding of the steering wheel to avoid the steering wheel.

[0031] This application detects the state of the steering wheel during the folding or unfolding process. When there is an obstacle in the folding or unfolding mechanism of the steering wheel, a warning is issued through the vehicle or steering device to reduce the danger or accident that may occur during the folding or unfolding process.

[0032] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of the vehicle shown.

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vehicle's steering system in the deployed state;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the steering wheel in the steering system shown from a relative perspective;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the steering device in the vehicle shown.

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vehicle's steering mechanism in a folded state;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the steering device shown from another perspective;

[0042] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram of the vehicle shown, with the steering mechanism in the deployed state.

[0043] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the vehicle's steering mechanism in a folded state;

[0044] Figure 10 for Figure 8 The diagram shows the structure of the connecting through hole in the steering device.

[0045] Figure label:

[0046] 100. Vehicle; 20. Body; 200. Steering mechanism; 1. Connecting assembly; 1a. Base;

[0047] 2. Steering wheel; 21. Support base; 22. Handwheel; 221. First part; 222. Second part;

[0048] 31. Enclosure; 32. Fifth drive component; 33. Guide assembly; 331. Guide rail; 332. Linkage; 3321. First link; 3322. Second link; 333. Track;

[0049] 4. Movable mechanism; 4a. Rotating component; 41a. First driving component; 4b. Rotating shaft; 41b. First rotating shaft; 42a. First transmission assembly; 42a1. First worm gear; 42a2. First worm; 42a3. Second worm gear; 42a4. Second worm;

[0050] 5a. First telescopic assembly; 5a1. Second driving component; 5a2. Second transmission assembly; 5a21. Third worm gear; 5a22. Third worm wheel;

[0051] 10. Locking assembly; 101. First locking element; 102. Second locking element; 103. Locking drive element; 104. Locking pin; 105. Elastic element; 106. Base;

[0052] 41. Second rotating shaft; 42. Third driving component; 421. Folding motor; 422. Third transmission component; 4221. Fourth worm gear; 4222. Fourth worm; 43. Connecting component; 431. Clearance groove; 44. First movable body; 45. Second rotating shaft;

[0053] 5. Second telescopic assembly; 51. Fourth driving component; 52. Fourth transmission assembly;

[0054] 6. Lifting assembly; 61. Lifting drive component; 62. Lifting transmission assembly; 621. Gear; 622. Rack;

[0055] 7. Guide structure; 71. Slide rail; 72. Slider;

[0056] 8. Instrument panel; 81. Through opening;

[0057] 9. Mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0060] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. This application provides a vehicle 100. The vehicle 100 can be a pure electric vehicle 100, a hybrid electric vehicle 100, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 100, a range-extended electric vehicle 100, a gasoline vehicle, etc. The vehicle 100 can also be a sedan, truck, bus, lorry, trailer, etc. This application does not specifically limit the type of vehicle 100. The vehicle 100 may include wheels, a body 20, and a steering device 200. The wheels are connected to the underside of the body 20 and are used to roll on the bottom surface to propel the vehicle 100. The steering device 200 is connected to the body 20 and to the wheels, and is used to control the steering of the wheels to facilitate turning or U-turns of the vehicle 100.

[0062] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a partial structural representation of the vehicle 100. The vehicle body 20 may include a cab and an instrument panel 8. The cab is used to house the driver for convenient operation of the vehicle 100. The instrument panel 8 is located at the front of the cab and is used to display parameters of the vehicle 100's operation, such as vehicle speed, engine speed, fuel level, water temperature, battery charge, etc., so that the driver can understand the operating status of the vehicle 100 based on these parameters.

[0063] In some embodiments, the vehicle 100 may also include a driver's seat located in the driver's cab for the driver to sit in, thereby facilitating the driver to drive the vehicle 100.

[0064] In some embodiments, please continue reading Figure 2 The steering device 200 may include a steering wheel 2. The steering wheel 2 is located in the driver's cab and is connected to the wheel drive. The driver can control the vehicle 100 to turn or make a U-turn by turning the steering wheel 2 while sitting in the driver's cab.

[0065] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 may further include a column connected to the dashboard 8 for support. A steering wheel 2 is connected to the column for support. The axis of the column may be a second axis, perpendicular to the width of the vehicle 100 and at an angle relative to its length, thus facilitating proper support of the steering wheel 2 for driver use. In some embodiments, the steering device 200 may also include a steering wheel 2 switch assembly, paddle shifters, etc. The steering wheel 2, after being connected to the column, is typically located near the dashboard 8. This allows for a more reasonable arrangement of the dashboard 8 and steering wheel 2 within the driver's cabin, providing the driver with ample space. Of course, in other embodiments, the steering device 200 is not limited to being mounted on the dashboard 8 via a column; it may also be connected to other parts of the vehicle body 20 via other connecting devices. In this embodiment, the steering wheel 2 may be a steer-by-wire steering wheel 2.

[0066] In some embodiments, the steering wheel 2 may include a folded state and an unfolded state. The steering wheel 2 is configured to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state via a folding action. When the vehicle 100 is in a first driving state, the steering wheel 2 is in the unfolded state. The first driving state is when the vehicle 100 is in motion and the vehicle 100 is not in a state where driver assistance is not activated. This allows the steering wheel 2 to be folded when not in use, reducing its space-consuming volume and providing the driver with more room to move, thus improving driver comfort within the vehicle. For example, the steering wheel 2 can also be folded during autonomous driving, or when the vehicle 100 is not in motion and is used for in-vehicle entertainment functions; the steering wheel 2 can also be automatically folded when exiting the vehicle for easier exit and improved user experience.

[0067] In some situations where steering wheel 2 is needed, it can be unfolded to facilitate the driver's grip on it while seated in the driver's seat, thus making it easier for the driver to drive vehicle 100. When vehicle 100 is in motion, steering wheel 2 can be unfolded for safety reasons. For example, it can be automatically unfolded when the driver enters the vehicle, serving both a welcoming function and facilitating the user's driving of vehicle 100 even when driver assistance features are not activated.

[0068] In some embodiments, the folding action can be: the steering wheel 2 rotates around the first direction, where the first direction is the width direction of the vehicle 100. That is, the steering wheel 2 is switched between a folded state and an unfolded state by rotating around the first direction, thus facilitating the switching of the steering wheel 2's state. The steering wheel 2 in this application can automatically fold and unfold, or it can be folded or unfolded based on manual movement, or it can be folded or unfolded based on user commands. The folding action can be driven by an automated structure, such as a motor drive. The folding action can also be achieved by the user manually operating a mechanical structure.

[0069] In some embodiments, the folding action can also be: the steering wheel 2 retracts relative to the dashboard 8 of the vehicle 100. That is, the steering wheel 2 retracts from both sides towards the middle to reduce the space occupied by the steering wheel 2, thereby providing the driver with more room to move.

[0070] In some embodiments, the folding action can also be: the first part 221 and the second part 222 of the handwheel 22 of the steering wheel 2 fold together. That is, one of the first part 221 and the second part 222 of the steering wheel 2 is folded onto the other, which can also reduce the space occupied by the steering wheel 2, thereby providing the driver with more room to move. In some embodiments, the folding action can also be a combination of two or three of the above folding actions, which will not be described in detail.

[0071] In some other embodiments, the folding action may further include: the steering wheel 2 moving vertically upward; and / or, the steering wheel 2 moving vertically downward. Thus, by moving the steering wheel 2 vertically upward and / or vertically downward, the space required for driver movement can be freed up, providing the driver with more room to move. The folding action may include combinations of the above-mentioned folding actions; several possible embodiments of folding actions are listed below. The folding action of this application is not limited to the following cases.

[0072] In some possible embodiments, the folding action includes rotating the steering wheel 2 downward about the first axis until it is at least partially below the dashboard 8, or rotating the steering wheel 2 upward about the first axis until it is at least partially above the dashboard 8.

[0073] In some possible embodiments, the folding action includes rotating the steering wheel 2 downward about a first axis and moving the steering wheel 2 downward in a vertical direction so that the steering wheel 2 is at least partially retracted below the dashboard 8.

[0074] In some possible embodiments, the folding action may also include retracting the steering wheel 2 to below the dashboard 8, and then moving the steering wheel 2 upward so that the steering wheel 2 is close to the lower surface of the dashboard, thus saving more interior space.

[0075] In some possible embodiments, the folding action may include folding the first part 221 and the second part 222 of the handwheel 22 of the steering wheel 2 together, after which the steering wheel 2 retracts into the dashboard 8 relative to the dashboard 8.

[0076] In some embodiments, in the folded state, the steering wheel 2 is at least partially located above the dashboard 8 of the vehicle 100, or at least partially located below the dashboard 8, or at least partially located inside the dashboard 8. This allows for efficient use of the space near or inside the dashboard 8 to store the steering wheel 2, thereby improving space utilization.

[0077] In some embodiments, the handwheel 22 of the steering wheel 2 includes a first portion 221 and a second portion 222 that are foldable together, wherein the first portion 221 and the second portion 222 are folded in the folded state. By folding the first portion 221 and the second portion 222, the space occupied by the steering wheel 2 can be reduced, thereby providing the driver with more room to move.

[0078] In some examples, the handwheel 22 can be a closed ring or a semi-closed ring. Optionally, the first portion 221 and the second portion 222 can be a semicircle, a rectangle, etc. In some embodiments, the first portion 221 of the handwheel 22 is located to the left of the second portion 222. That is, the first portion 221 and the second portion 222 of the handwheel 22 are arranged along the width direction of the vehicle 100, which makes it convenient for the driver to hold the handwheel 22, thereby facilitating the operation of the steering wheel 2.

[0079] In some embodiments, the folding action includes folding the first portion 221 and the second portion 222 of the handwheel 22 of the steering wheel 2 together, and retracting the steering wheel 2 relative to the dashboard 8 of the vehicle 100. In this way, folding the first portion 221 and the second portion 222 together reduces the space occupied by the steering wheel 2, and then retracting the folded first portion 221 and the second portion 222 along the dashboard 8, for example, retracting them to the bottom of the dashboard 8 or inside the dashboard 8, thereby further freeing up space in the driver's cab and facilitating the storage of the steering wheel 2.

[0080] In some embodiments, the folding action further includes rotating the steering wheel 2 until the first portion 221 and / or the second portion 222 are parallel to the dashboard 8 of the vehicle 100. This also reduces the space behind the dashboard cover where the steering wheel 2 stands, thereby providing the driver with more room to move and improving driver comfort within the cabin.

[0081] In some embodiments, the steering wheel 2 is further configured to rotate about a rotation axis 4b to control the driving direction of the vehicle 100. The direction of the rotation axis 4b of the steering wheel 2 may be perpendicular to a first direction. Thus, the driver can rotate the steering wheel 2 about the rotation axis 4b to adjust the steering of the wheels, thereby controlling the driving direction of the vehicle 100.

[0082] In some alternative embodiments, the steering wheel 2 is folded but can still rotate about the axis of rotation 4b, so that the driver can operate the steering wheel 2 to control the driving direction of the vehicle 100 while the steering wheel 2 is folded.

[0083] In some embodiments, in the folded state, the steering wheel 2 can rotate around its rotation axis 4b to receive driver commands. This provides the driver with more space to move around and allows the driver to easily output commands to the steering wheel 2 to control the direction of the vehicle 100, further improving the driver's driving experience.

[0084] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 5 to 10 The steering device 200 further includes a connecting assembly 1, through which the steering wheel 2 is connected to the body 20 of the vehicle 100. The connecting assembly 1 connects the steering wheel 2 to the body 20, thereby facilitating support for the steering wheel 2 and making it easier for the driver to operate it.

[0085] In some embodiments, the connecting assembly 1 includes a rotating member 4a and a connecting member 43, wherein the steering wheel 2 is rotatably connected to the rotating member 4a; the steering wheel 2 is rotatable relative to the rotating member 4a about a first direction, the first direction being the width direction of the vehicle 100, and the connecting member 43 connects the rotating member 4a and the body 20 of the vehicle 100. Optionally, the connecting member 43 may include a column. Through the cooperation of the rotating member 4a and the connecting member 43, the steering wheel 2 can be connected to the body 20, and the steering wheel 2 can easily rotate relative to the rotating member 4a about the first direction, thereby facilitating the switching of the steering wheel 2 between a folding turntable state and an unfolded state.

[0086] In some embodiments, the steering wheel 2 can rotate relative to the rotating member 4a about a second direction to receive steering commands from the driver, the second direction being the central axis of the steering wheel 2. The central axis is the rotation axis 4b of the steering wheel 2 itself. In this way, the cooperation between the rotating member 4a and the connecting member 43 allows the driver to control the driving direction of the vehicle 100 via the steering wheel 2, facilitating the driver's operation of the steering wheel 2.

[0087] In some embodiments, the connector 43 can drive the steering wheel 2 to move along the length of the connector 43. This allows the steering wheel 2 to be folded by moving it along the length of the connector 43, thus facilitating the adjustment of the steering wheel 2's position.

[0088] In some embodiments, the connector 43 can drive the steering wheel 2 to move vertically. This allows the steering wheel 2 to be folded by moving it vertically via the connector 43, facilitating adjustment of the steering wheel 2's position.

[0089] In some embodiments, the connector 43 can be a rod-like structure, a tubular structure, a plate-like structure, or other irregular structures, etc. The rotating member 4a can be a rod-like structure, a plate-like structure, a Y-shaped structure, a U-shaped structure, etc. This application does not impose specific limitations on this. In other embodiments, the connecting component 1 can also be a rod-like structure, a plate-like structure, etc.

[0090] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 further includes a drive device for driving the steering wheel 2 to perform the folding action. This allows for quick adjustment of the steering wheel 2's state via the drive device, thus facilitating the adjustment of the steering wheel 2's state.

[0091] In some examples, the drive device can be an electrically driven device such as a rotary motor, or a manually driven device such as a crank handle. This application uses a rotary motor as an example for illustration.

[0092] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 further includes a support base 21 connected to the connection assembly 1. The support base 21 supports the handwheel 22 of the steering wheel 2.

[0093] In some embodiments, the handwheel 22 has a clearance notch, and in the folded state, the connecting assembly 1 is located within the clearance notch. This allows the steering wheel 2 to be closer to the dashboard 8 when folded, thereby freeing up more space to further improve driver comfort.

[0094] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 further includes an airbag mounted on the support 21. In the folded state, the airbag is located between the dashboard of the vehicle 100 and the driver's seat of the vehicle 100. This ensures that the airbag can deploy smoothly even when the steering wheel 2 is folded, thus guaranteeing driver safety.

[0095] In some embodiments, in the folded state, the support 21 is located between the dashboard of the vehicle 100 and the driver's seat of the vehicle 100. The support 21's placement between the dashboard and the driver's seat ensures that the airbag housed therein is in a suitable position, thereby ensuring that the airbag can effectively protect the driver.

[0096] In some embodiments, the position of the support 21 remains unchanged during the folding action. This ensures the stability of the position of the support 21, thereby ensuring the stability of the airbag's position and improving the effectiveness of the airbag during operation.

[0097] In some embodiments, the steering wheel 2 is rotatable relative to the support base 21 about a first direction. This facilitates the setting of the steering wheel 2 to rotate about the first direction, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the steering wheel 2's state.

[0098] In some embodiments, the driving device of the steering device 200 includes a first driving member 41a, which drives the steering wheel 2 to rotate around the first direction. The driving device is fixed to the support base 21 or the connecting assembly 1 of the steering device 200. Driving the steering wheel 2 to rotate via the first driving member 41a facilitates adjustment of the steering wheel 2's state and improves adjustment efficiency. In some examples, the first driving member 41a can be a device such as a rotary motor capable of driving the steering wheel 2 to rotate.

[0099] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 includes a first rotating shaft 41b, which is rotatably connected to the support base 21 and to the steering wheel 2, enabling the steering wheel 2 to rotate about the first direction. The axial direction of the first rotating shaft 41b is aligned with the first direction. Thus, rotation of the first rotating shaft 41b relative to the support base 21 drives the steering wheel 2 to rotate about the axis of the first rotating shaft 41b, thereby switching the steering wheel 2 between a folded state and an unfolded state. This structure is relatively simple and facilitates adjustment of the steering wheel 2's state.

[0100] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 further includes a first transmission component 42a, which is connected between the first rotating shaft 41b and the first driving member 41a. The first transmission component facilitates the connection between the first driving member 41a and the first rotating shaft 41b, thereby allowing the first driving member 41a to drive the first rotating shaft 41b to rotate, which in turn facilitates the rotation of the steering wheel 2 to adjust its state.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first transmission assembly 42a includes a first worm gear 42a1 and a first worm 42a2, the first worm being connected to the first rotating shaft 41b; the first worm 42a2 meshes with the first worm gear 42a1 and is drively connected to the first driving member 41a. The worm gear transmission method makes the transmission of power from the first driving member 41a to the first rotating shaft 41b more stable, thereby facilitating stable driving of the first rotating shaft 41b to rotate.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first transmission assembly 42a further includes a second worm gear 42a3 and a second worm 42a4, the second worm gear being connected to the first worm 42a2; the second worm 42a4 meshes with the second worm gear 42a3 and is connected to the first drive member 41a. The cooperation of the second worm gear 42a3 and the second worm 42a4 can further improve the stability of power transmission in the first drive member 41a, thereby making the rotation of the first rotating shaft 41b more stable. Furthermore, the cooperation of the second worm gear 42a3 and the second worm 42a4, combined with the cooperation of the first worm gear 42a1 and the first worm 42a2, allows for a more flexible and rational configuration of the positions of the first drive member 41a and the first rotating shaft 41b, thereby saving space.

[0103] In some other embodiments, the first transmission component 42a may also be other structures capable of transmitting power from the first drive member 41a to the first rotating shaft 41b, such as a gear 621 structure, a belt drive structure, a chain drive structure, etc.

[0104] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 further includes a base connected to the support base 21 and slidably connected to the connecting assembly 1 along the direction of the second axis. The direction of the second axis may be consistent with the length direction of the connecting assembly 1. Thus, by sliding the base along the direction of the second axis to the connecting assembly 1, the steering wheel 2 can be moved along the second axis to adjust its height, thereby freeing up more space. For example, when switching the steering wheel 2 to a folded state, it can be rotated along a first direction to below the dashboard 8, and then moved downwards along the second axis to further extend the steering wheel 2 below the dashboard 8, thereby freeing up more space.

[0105] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The steering device 200 also includes a first telescopic component 5a, which is connected to the connecting component 1 and the base 1a, and is used to drive the base 1a to slide on the connecting component 1. In this way, the first telescopic component 5a can more easily drive the base 1a to slide on the connecting component 1, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the position of the steering wheel 2.

[0106] In some embodiments, the first telescopic component 5a includes a second driving member 5a1 and a second transmission component 5a2, the second transmission component 5a2 being connected between the second driving member 5a1 and the connecting component 1. Through the cooperation of the second driving member 5a1 and the second transmission component 5a2, the base 1a can be slid more stably on the connecting component 1, thereby making the adjustment of the steering wheel 2 more stable. In some examples, the second driving member 5a1 can be a rotary motor, electric push rod, or other structure capable of driving the base 1a to slide.

[0107] In some embodiments, the second transmission assembly 5a2 includes a third worm 5a21 and a third worm wheel 5a22. The third worm 5a21 is connected to the second driving member 5a1; the third worm wheel 5a22 meshes with the third worm 5a21 and is rotatably connected to the connecting assembly 1. The worm gear transmission method makes the power transmission from the second driving member 5a1 to the base 1a more stable, thereby facilitating stable sliding of the base 1a. In other embodiments, the second transmission assembly 5a2 can also be a chain drive structure, a belt drive structure, a gear 621 drive structure, etc.

[0108] In some embodiments, the steering device further includes a movable mechanism 4, and the steering wheel 2 is rotatably connected to the connecting device of the steering device through the movable mechanism 4. The connecting device is directly or indirectly connected to the vehicle body. The steering wheel 2 can rotate around a first direction via the movable mechanism 4, the first direction being the width direction of the vehicle; thereby enabling it to perform a rotational action around the first direction; or, the steering wheel 2 can rotate around the first direction and around the rotation direction of the steering wheel via the movable mechanism 4, the rotation direction of the steering wheel being the rotation center line of the steering wheel when receiving a user's steering operation. This allows the driver to quickly grasp the steering wheel 2 in an emergency to perform emergency steering operations, improving safety. Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the movable mechanism includes a first movable body 44 and a first rotating shaft 41 arranged along a first rotation axis. The first movable body 44 is connected to the steering wheel 2, and the first rotating shaft 41 is directly or indirectly connected to the connecting device. The first movable body 44 rotates around the first rotation axis via the first rotating shaft 41 to drive the steering wheel to rotate around the first rotation axis. When the first rotating shaft 41 rotates, it drives the first movable body 44 and the steering wheel 2 to rotate together around the first direction, achieving rotational folding. Optionally, the first movable body 44 may include a steering wheel electric drive unit, which can acquire signals to achieve steer-by-wire. Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the movable mechanism further includes a drive member 42, and the first rotating shaft 41 is connected to the connecting device via the drive member 42. The drive member 42 drives the first rotating shaft 41 to rotate. Of course, in other examples, the drive member 42 may not be provided, and the steering wheel 2 may be rotated around the first rotation axis by manual operation, or the steering wheel 2 may be rotated and folded.

[0109] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 8-10 When the steering mechanism is in the unfolded state, the steering wheel 2 is located behind the dashboard 8. When the steering mechanism is in the folded state, at least a portion of the steering wheel 2 is located below the dashboard 8. In the unfolded state, the driver can normally drive the vehicle using the steering wheel 2. At this time, the steering wheel 2 is behind the dashboard 8, and the driver can grip the steering wheel 2 to perform steering operations while seated in the driver's cabin. In the folded state, the steering wheel 2 can be folded when not in use. This reduces the space occupied by the steering wheel 2 in the driver's seat, allowing for more driver space and a better riding experience. For example, but not limited to, when the vehicle is parked, or when the vehicle is in intelligent driving or autonomous driving mode, the steering wheel 2 can be folded.

[0110] In the above technical solution, the steering wheel 2 can be folded under the dashboard, reducing the space occupied by the driver's seat and providing more space and comfort for the driver. By placing the steering wheel 2 under the dashboard 8 when not in use, there is no need to redesign the storage space of the dashboard 8. It can be directly applied to the dashboard 8 of existing models, without increasing costs or development cycles, thus ensuring efficiency. Furthermore, the design of the dashboard 8 and steering wheel 2 can be adapted to different vehicle models without special development, allowing for rapid and widespread application across various vehicle types. When the steering wheel 2 is not in use, it can be placed under the dashboard 8.

[0111] Optionally, in an emergency, the driver can grip the steering wheel 2 to perform emergency steering maneuvers, improving safety.

[0112] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the steering wheel 2 is configured to rotate around a first direction, which is consistent with the width direction of the vehicle. This facilitates at least partially retracting the steering wheel 2 below the dashboard 8. The steering wheel 2's rotatable configuration, allowing it to be at least partially retracted below the dashboard 8, frees up space in the driver's cabin. This improves the space utilization of the driver's cabin, enhancing driver comfort, especially when the vehicle is in autonomous driving mode or when the driver is getting in or out of the vehicle. The first direction, being consistent with the width direction of the vehicle, allows the steering wheel 2 to fold around this direction for easy storage. The steering wheel 2 itself rotates around a second axis to enable vehicle steering.

[0113] Alternatively, in another embodiment of this disclosure, the steering wheel 2 is configured to translate in the fore-and-aft direction to at least partially retract the steering wheel 2 below the dashboard 8. It is understood that the steering wheel 2 is not folded, but rather moved directly, and after the movement, it can at least partially retract below the dashboard 8, thus freeing up space in the driver's compartment.

[0114] It is understandable that the unfolded state of steering wheel 2 allows the driver to grip it for steering operations, with steering wheel 2 roughly positioned vertically. The folded state allows steering wheel 2 to be rotated and tilted in a certain direction, achieving a roughly horizontal position. In the unfolded state, steering wheel 2 is used when normal driving requires operation, allowing the driver to grip it for steering while seated in the driver's cabin. In the folded state, steering wheel 2 generally does not require driver operation; it is located below the dashboard 8, reducing space occupancy in the driver's cabin and minimizing encroachment on the driver's legroom, thus ensuring adequate legroom.

[0115] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, in the folded state, the steering wheel 2 is completely retracted below the dashboard 8. Here, "the steering wheel 2 is completely retracted below the dashboard 8" can mean that, in the folded state, the projection of the steering wheel 2 in the vehicle's height direction is set as a first projection area, and the projection of the dashboard 8 in the vehicle's height direction is set as a second projection area. The first projection area completely falls within the second projection area, allowing the steering wheel 2 to be completely retracted below the dashboard 8. This arrangement allows the steering wheel 2 to be completely retracted below the dashboard 8, further improving the space utilization of the driver's cabin and enhancing comfort. It is understood that when the steering wheel 2 is completely retracted below the dashboard 8, that is, when viewed from above, the dashboard 8 completely obscures the steering wheel 2. Of course, in other examples, "the steering wheel 2 is completely retracted below the dashboard 8" can mean that the entire steering wheel 2 is located below the dashboard 8 in the height direction and is partially obscured by the dashboard 8.

[0116] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the steering wheel 2 includes a support base 21 and a handwheel 22. The handwheel 22 is connected to the support base 21. In the folded state, both the support base 21 and the handwheel 22 are located below the dashboard 8. The handwheel 22 is used by the driver to grip it, and the support base 21 provides support for the handwheel 22. By retracting both the support base 21 and the handwheel 22 below the dashboard 8, the space utilization of the driver's cabin can be further improved. In some examples, the support base 21 and the handwheel 22 can rotate together around a first direction to achieve the overall folding movement. In other examples, the support base 21 can remain stationary while the handwheel 22 rotates around the first direction to achieve the folding movement.

[0117] Optionally, in another embodiment of this disclosure, in the folded state, the steering wheel 2 can be partially retracted below the dashboard 8. That is, viewed from above, a portion of the steering wheel 2 is obscured by the dashboard 8, while another portion is not obscured. Specifically, in the folded state, retracting a portion of the steering wheel 2 below the dashboard 8 can be achieved by a portion of the support base 21 being located below the dashboard 8, a portion of the handwheel 22 being located below the dashboard 8, or the support base 21 not being retracted below the dashboard 8, but the entire handwheel 22 of the steering wheel 2 being retracted below the dashboard 8. This can be configured as needed.

[0118] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the steering device further includes a shielding mechanism, which includes a closure 31. The closure 31 is configured to form an accommodating space with the lower surface of the dashboard 8. The accommodating space is used to accommodate the steering wheel 2 in the folded state. The closure 31 can shield the steering wheel 2, maintaining the consistency and aesthetics of the dashboard 8. It is understood that when the steering wheel 2 is folded down below the dashboard 8, it can be placed within the accommodating space, at which point the closure 31 can shield the steering wheel 2.

[0119] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the steering device further includes a connecting assembly 1 connected to the vehicle body. A steering wheel 2 is connected to the connecting assembly 1, and the steering wheel 2 is configured to move along the length of the connecting assembly 1 and / or vertically. The connecting assembly 1 supports the steering wheel 2, so that in the unfolded state, the steering wheel 2 is located behind the dashboard 8, allowing the driver to grip the steering wheel for steering operations. Furthermore, the position of the steering wheel 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the connecting assembly 1 to accommodate drivers of different body types. The steering wheel 2's ability to move along the length of the connecting assembly 1 allows it to move back and forth, thereby changing its position. In some examples, the steering wheel 2 can move while the connecting assembly 1 remains stationary; in other examples, the steering wheel 2 and the connecting assembly 1 can move together. It should be noted that the steering wheel 2 is a steerable by steerable mechanism, using electrical signals to steer the wheels. The connecting assembly 1 does not perform the transmission function for wheel steering; it merely supports the steering wheel 2. In the above embodiment, the first direction of the steering wheel 2 is set at an angle to the axis of the connecting component 1, thereby allowing the steering wheel 2 to rotate toward the side of the connecting component 1, realizing the rotation and folding of the steering wheel 2.

[0120] Optionally, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the steering device further includes a closure 31. The steering wheel 2 is connected to the connecting assembly 1, and a through opening 81 is provided on the dashboard 8 for the connecting assembly 1 to pass through. The closure 31 is movably disposed at the through opening 81. In the unfolded state, the closure 31 at least partially opens the through opening 81; in the folded state, the closure 31 closes the through opening 81. The through opening 81 allows a portion of the connecting assembly 1 to be inside the dashboard 8, while another portion is connected to the steering wheel 2 via the through opening 81, so that in the unfolded state, the steering wheel 2 is located behind the dashboard 8. The movable arrangement of the closure 31 ensures that, in the unfolded state (i.e., when the steering wheel 2 is behind the dashboard 8), the through-hole 81 is at least partially open, allowing the connecting component 1 to pass through, thus ensuring the steering wheel 2 is behind the dashboard 8. In the folded state, when the steering wheel 2 is folded under the dashboard 8, the connecting component 1 is not inserted through the through-hole 81, and the closure 31 can close the through-hole 81, preventing the internal structure of the dashboard 8 from being exposed and affecting aesthetics. In some examples, the through-hole 81 extends through the dashboard 8 in the front-to-back direction. In some examples, the closure 31 is movable and connected to the instrument panel and positioned at the through-hole 81 to close it. In other examples, the closure 31 can also be connected to other structures and positioned at the through-hole 81 to close it.

[0121] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the steering device 200 can be used in vehicle 100. The steering device 200 may include a steering wheel 2, which has a folded state and an unfolded state. The steering wheel 2 is configured to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state via a folding action. The vehicle 100 or the steering device 200 is configured to issue a warning when a folding obstacle is present. The steering device 200 includes a steering wheel 2, which can be driven by a steering wheel folding motor to rotate axially and slide radially to achieve an overall folding action. The folding path area is defined by a storage mechanism, which integrates an infrared array sensor and a capacitive proximity sensor to form a multimodal obstacle detection unit. This storage mechanism may be located below the dashboard 8 or within the dashboard 8. When a sensor installed within this structure detects an obstacle and the detection persists for more than 50ms, the controller determines it as a "folding obstacle state" and immediately triggers a warning signal. This warning signal may include immediately stopping the steering wheel folding motor and the drive motor of the storage mechanism, or providing a reminder through various means such as a display, lights, sound, and vibration; no specific limitation is made here. This application detects the state of the steering wheel during folding or unfolding. When there is an obstacle in the folding or unfolding mechanism, a warning is issued via the vehicle or steering device to reduce the danger and accidents that may occur during the folding or unfolding process. In some embodiments, the above structure may also be equipped with a HOD sensor, which can be activated to confirm whether the driver's hands are in a danger zone when an obstacle is present. By sensing physical obstacles in real time during the folding action and combining this with human contact detection, active safety intervention is achieved during the folding process, avoiding the misjudgment problems of traditional methods that rely solely on torque changes or single infrared triggers, and significantly improving the anti-pinch reliability during the folding process. In some embodiments, the folding action of the steering wheel 2 is intelligently triggered by the controller based on the vehicle state, allowing activation only when preset conditions such as "gear is P, vehicle speed is 0, driver is unoccupied, and seat belt is not fastened" are met, avoiding accidental folding when the driver is not in position. This solution reduces the risk of folding from the source through a state prediction mechanism.

[0122] In some embodiments, the storage mechanism may further include a flip-top structure that, after the steering wheel 2 is stored, can block the opening of the storage mechanism to prevent objects from entering. This flip-top structure can be controlled by a flip-top motor, thereby cooperating with the folding and unfolding of the steering device 200 or the steering wheel 2. In some embodiments, the vehicle 100 or the steering device 200 may also be configured to issue a warning in at least one of the following situations: before the steering wheel begins to fold, when the steering wheel is foldable, during the folding process, and when there is a folding obstacle in the steering device. Specifically, 1.5 seconds before the steering wheel 2 begins to fold, the controller synchronously activates the flip-top motor of the flip-top structure to pre-open the storage compartment cover and displays a dynamic 3D folding path simulation animation on the sliding screen on the dashboard, prompting the user "The steering wheel is about to fold; please do not approach." During the folding process, if no obstacle is triggered, the sliding screen on the dashboard may flash a light blue light strip every 0.5 seconds as a mild process warning. Once a folding obstacle is detected, the mild warning is immediately interrupted, and a high-intensity warning is issued. This three-tiered reminder architecture—"pre-warning - process prompt - obstacle response"—effectively guides users to proactively avoid obstacles before they are folded by pushing information in stages, significantly reducing the risk of misoperation due to distraction.

[0123] In some embodiments, the vehicle 100 or steering device 200 may include at least one of a display, a speaker, and a vibrator, and the alert may include at least one of a graphic alert from the display, an audio alert from the speaker, and a vibration alert from the vibrator. The system outputs multimodal alerts based on the anti-pinch trigger level: Level 1 (first non-human hand obstacle) triggers a pop-up window on the dashboard displaying "Foreign object detected, folding paused," speaker 208 plays an 800Hz low-frequency "beep" sound (lasting 1 second), and seat vibrator 211 vibrates at a frequency of 1Hz for 0.8 seconds, acting only on the driver's seat back; Level 2 (second trigger) triggers a full-screen yellow warning interface displaying "Repeated obstacle, please check the surrounding space," speaker plays a 1200Hz mid-frequency "beep—" sound (lasting 2 seconds), and vibrator vibrates continuously at a frequency of 3Hz for 1.5 seconds; Level 3 (third trigger or human hand detection) triggers a red full-screen emergency interface displaying "Danger! Hand contact! Immediate reverse release," speaker plays a 2000Hz high-frequency rapid alarm sound (intermittently 3 times × 0.5 seconds), vibrator vibrates strongly at a frequency of 5Hz for 2 seconds, and simultaneously activates the steering wheel heating ring 212 to locally heat up to 45℃ (only in the contact area). All alerts are linked to data from the HOD sensor 206. If hand contact is detected, the alert is forcibly upgraded to Level 3 and the system activates reverse release, seat retraction, and the voice command "Please remove your hand immediately" on the screen. This achieves four redundant alerts: visual, auditory, tactile, and thermal, ensuring that users can still perceive risks in a timely manner even in noisy environments or when their attention is diverted.

[0124] In some embodiments, the presence of a folding obstacle includes one or more of the following: an obstacle exists in the folding path area, which includes the area through which the steering wheel needs to be folded; or the area through which the steering device needs to complete the remaining folding action. In a specific implementation, the folding path area is divided into three sub-areas: the main steering wheel folding area (located directly above the steering column), the secondary steering wheel storage area (located in the storage compartment below the center console), and the sliding screen movement area (located along the extended path of the center console screen track). The main steering wheel folding area can be covered by an infrared array sensor, with a detection height range of 60cm to 120cm from the ground; the secondary steering wheel storage area is monitored by a combination of a capacitive proximity sensor and an ultrasonic sensor, with a detection range covering a depth of 0-30cm within the storage compartment; the sliding screen movement area can be composed of an optical encoder and a pressure sensing strip to monitor for foreign objects on the screen's sliding trajectory. In some embodiments, such sensors can also be liveness detection sensors, used to detect whether an obstacle is a living object, specifically whether the obstacle is a human body. When an obstacle is detected in any area, the system determines its spatial position through three-dimensional coordinate mapping and predicts whether it will collide with an upcoming moving component based on its motion trajectory. For example, if the detected obstacle is a living object or a human body, the system classifies it as a "high-risk obstacle"; if the detected obstacle is a non-living object such as a phone case or a non-human body, the system classifies it as a "low-risk obstacle." This spatial partitioning and trajectory prediction mechanism solves the shortcomings of traditional solutions that only determine "whether an object is detected" but cannot distinguish "whether a real collision risk exists," achieving obstacle response with "precise positioning + risk classification."

[0125] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 is configured to control the road feel simulation unit to vibrate the steering wheel 2 when the vehicle 100 is at risk of instability or when the vehicle 100 moves from a high-friction surface to a low-friction surface. These situations can cause the vehicle 100 to become unstable; vibrating the steering wheel 2 through the road feel simulation unit can alert the driver, allowing them to take timely control of the vehicle 100 and avoid danger.

[0126] In some embodiments, when a folding obstacle is present, the steering device 200 stops performing the folding action or the steering wheel 2 remains in the unfolded state. If the steering wheel 2 is folded when a folding obstacle is present, it may cause the steering wheel 2 to crush the obstacle, resulting in damage to the steering wheel 2 or the obstacle. Therefore, stopping the folding action or keeping the steering wheel 2 in the unfolded state when a folding obstacle is present ensures the safety of the steering wheel 2, other components, and personnel.

[0127] In some embodiments, in the presence of a folded obstacle, the vehicle 100 and / or the steering device 200 are configured to perform an avoidance maneuver. For example, in the presence of a folded obstacle, the drive unit controls the steering wheel 2 to change its trajectory to avoid the steering wheel 2 pressing against the obstacle, thereby improving safety.

[0128] The folded obstacle state includes one or more of the following:

[0129] The folding path area contains obstacles, and the folding path area includes:

[0130] The area that the steering wheel 2 needs to fold through; or

[0131] The area that the steering device 200 needs to pass through to complete the remaining folding action.

[0132] In some embodiments, the vehicle 100 detects the presence of a folding obstacle if the following conditions are met:

[0133] The steering wheel 2 is in a hands-free position;

[0134] The steering device 200 meets the first condition that allows it to be folded;

[0135] The vehicle 100 or the steering device 200 receives a folding command;

[0136] The steering device 200 is performing the folding action.

[0137] In some embodiments, the avoidance action includes at least one of the following:

[0138] Adjust the seat;

[0139] Change the folding path.

[0140] Adjusting the seat may cause the steering wheel 2 to interfere with the seat or the driver, potentially leading to a collision between the steering wheel 2 and the seat or the driver, resulting in a hazard. Changing the folding path of the steering wheel may also cause the steering wheel 2 to collide with or be crushed by other components, resulting in a hazard.

[0141] In some embodiments, the vehicle 100 or the steering device 200 is configured to issue a warning in the presence of a folding obstacle. This alerts the driver when a folding obstacle is present, allowing for timely intervention and reducing the risk of danger.

[0142] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 further includes a hands-off detection module, which is used to determine whether the steering wheel 2 is in a hands-off state. This avoids the driver's hands being squeezed when the steering wheel 2 is folded, as this would prevent injury to the driver and improve safety.

[0143] It can be combined with the relevant systems on vehicle 100 to achieve anti-pinch steering wheel folding.

[0144] In one possible embodiment, anti-pinch is achieved in the following way:

[0145] The steer-by-wire system includes a torque sensor and a main control ECU, which are integrated into the steer-by-wire system. Before or during the folding action, in the event of failure of the steering wheel capacitive sensing and anti-pinch motor, the product displacement causes the product angle to rotate when an anti-pinch force is actually generated. This is used to detect whether the steering wheel is affected by external force and to determine whether the current folding / unfolding action needs to be stopped.

[0146] Driver Monitor System (DMS): Includes a camera and main control ECU, integrated into the vehicle. It is used to detect whether obstacles affect the folding / unfolding trajectory of the steering wheel before or during the folding action, based on the detection of steering wheel capacitive sensing, anti-pinch motor, and steer-by-wire. It can also detect the actual anti-pinch force value generated at the front and rear through visual compensation. It can then determine whether the current folding / unfolding action needs to be stopped.

[0147] Seats: By receiving signals from the vehicle body controller or steering wheel ECU, the seats are moved backward to create a safe distance between the driver and the folding / unfolding steering wheel, thus avoiding the occurrence of anti-pinch situations and reducing their frequency.

[0148] Body 20 controller / steering wheel ECU: Receives sensor signals, processes data and controls motor operation.

[0149] Electric motor: Responsible for driving the folding and unfolding of the steering wheel.

[0150] Alarm device: Issues an audible and visual alarm when an obstacle is detected.

[0151] In another possible embodiment, anti-pinch is achieved in the following way:

[0152] Anti-pinch solution for steering wheel motor

[0153] System Composition

[0154] Steering wheel anti-pinch motor system: This system includes a motor, Hall effect sensors, and a main control ECU, integrated into the steering wheel assembly. During the folding / unfolding action of the steering wheel, it detects obstacles near the steering wheel when an anti-pinch force is applied, determining whether to stop the current folding / unfolding action. The motor drives the steering wheel 2 to rotate in a first direction.

[0155] Control unit: Receives sensor signals, processes data, and controls motor operation.

[0156] Electric motor: Responsible for driving the folding and unfolding of the steering wheel.

[0157] Alarm device: Issues an audible and visual alarm when an obstacle is detected.

[0158] Working principle:

[0159] Motor: When the driver takes off the steering wheel, the hands-off detection module will immediately detect this state and send a signal to the control unit.

[0160] Obstacle detection: After receiving the hand-off signal, the control unit activates the sensor module to monitor the area around the steering wheel in real time. If an obstacle (such as a finger) is detected, the sensor will immediately send a signal to the control unit.

[0161] Motor control: After receiving an obstacle signal, the control unit immediately stops the motor's folding action and reverses the motor to unfold the steering wheel part to ensure that the obstacle will not be pinched.

[0162] Alarm notification: At the same time, the alarm device is activated, emitting an audible and visual alarm to remind the user to pay attention to safety.

[0163] In some other embodiments, anti-pinch is achieved in the following ways:

[0164] Hands-off detection module: including capacitive sensors and main control ECU, integrated into the steering wheel assembly, used to detect whether there are obstacles near the steering wheel before or during the folding action without actually generating anti-pinch force. It can accurately identify whether it is a human torso and determine whether the current folding / unfolding action needs to be stopped.

[0165] Control unit: Receives sensor signals, processes data, and controls motor operation.

[0166] Electric motor: Responsible for driving the folding and unfolding of the steering wheel.

[0167] Alarm device: Issues an audible and visual alarm when an obstacle is detected.

[0168] Working principle

[0169] Hands-off detection: When the driver removes the steering wheel, the hands-off detection module will immediately detect this state and send a signal to the control unit.

[0170] Obstacle detection: After receiving the hand-off signal, the control unit activates the sensor module to monitor the area around the steering wheel in real time. If an obstacle (such as a finger) is detected, the sensor will immediately send a signal to the control unit.

[0171] Motor control: After receiving an obstacle signal, the control unit immediately stops the motor's folding action and reverses the motor to unfold the steering wheel part to ensure that the obstacle will not be pinched.

[0172] Alarm notification: At the same time, the alarm device is activated, emitting an audible and visual alarm to remind the user to pay attention to safety.

[0173] In some other embodiments, anti-pinch measures are also implemented in the following ways:

[0174] Steering wheel anti-pinch motor: including motor, Hall effect sensor and main control ECU, integrated into the steering wheel assembly, used during the folding action of the steering wheel. When the anti-pinch force value is generated, it can detect whether there is an obstacle near the steering wheel and determine whether the current folding / unfolding action needs to be stopped.

[0175] Control unit: Receives sensor signals, processes data, and controls motor operation.

[0176] Electric motor: Responsible for driving the folding and unfolding of the steering wheel.

[0177] Alarm device: Issues an audible and visual alarm when an obstacle is detected.

[0178] Working principle

[0179] Anti-pinch motor: When the driver removes the steering wheel, the off-hand detection module will immediately detect this state and send a signal to the control unit.

[0180] Obstacle detection: After receiving the hand-off signal, the control unit activates the sensor module to monitor the area around the steering wheel in real time. If an obstacle (such as a finger) is detected, the sensor will immediately send a signal to the control unit.

[0181] Motor control: After receiving an obstacle signal, the control unit immediately stops the motor's folding action and reverses the motor to unfold the steering wheel part to ensure that the obstacle will not be pinched.

[0182] Alarm notification: At the same time, the alarm device is activated, emitting an audible and visual alarm to remind the user to pay attention to safety.

[0183] In some embodiments, obstacles include living obstacles and non-living obstacles. The sensor can also be a liveness detection sensor to detect whether an obstacle is a living object, specifically whether it is a human body. The alert can then include general alerts and emergency alerts. The vehicle or steering mechanism is configured to issue an emergency alert even if the obstacle is a living obstacle. Living obstacle recognition is achieved through multimodal fusion: the HOD sensor detects the pressure distribution and temperature characteristics of hand contact (human hand temperature is approximately 32-35°C), combined with an infrared thermal imaging module to obtain a local thermal image. If the detected temperature is more than 3°C higher than the ambient temperature and the pressure distribution resembles the outline of five fingers, it is determined to be a "living obstacle." Non-living obstacles are distinguished through material impedance analysis (capacitive sensor response curve) and shape recognition (infrared array contour matching), such as water cups, backpack straps, and children's toys. When a living obstacle is detected, regardless of the number of triggers, the system immediately enters Level 3 emergency response: the steering wheel folding motor reverses to its initial position, the storage mechanism stops, a full-screen warning in red text with white text, "Hand contact detected, stop immediately," pops up on the swipe screen, the speaker plays the voice message "Danger! Please remove your hand!" (volume increased to 85dB), the vibrator vibrates strongly at 5Hz for 2 seconds, and simultaneously the steering wheel heating ring is activated to locally heat the area, guiding the user to actively remove their hand through thermal stimulation. This mechanism is significantly superior to traditional anti-pinch solutions that rely solely on sudden torque changes, achieving "active protection based on physiological characteristics" and effectively preventing pinching accidents.

[0184] In some embodiments, the steering device 200 may include multiple components, and there are obstacles in the area that the steering device 200 needs to pass through to complete the remaining folding action. This includes: when the steering device 200 completes the remaining folding action, at least one of the multiple components of the steering device 200 needs to pass through an area with obstacles. The multiple components of the steering device include: a steering wheel folding motor, a steering wheel folding motor, a storage mechanism, a flip-up motor, and a sliding display. Each component's motion path is independently modeled and assigned a dedicated monitoring area: The steering wheel folding motor drives the main wheel to rotate, and its motion path is area A. If there is an obstacle in this area, the system determines it as "core drive component obstructed," directly triggering a Level 3 emergency response; The storage mechanism is a mechanical sliding rail structure, and its folding action requires the storage compartment to be completely closed. If there is an obstacle in area B, the system determines it as "structural closure obstructed," also triggering a Level 3 response, as failure to close may cause motor overload or compartment deformation; The flip-up motor drives the hatch to open / close, and its motion path is the edge of area C. If there is an obstacle in area C, the system determines it as "auxiliary mechanism obstructed," triggering a Level 1 general warning, only pausing the flip-up action while the main wheel continues to fold; The sliding display slides along the track. If its path is blocked by a foreign object, the system determines it as "display component obstructed," triggering a Level 1 warning, only stopping screen movement without affecting the steering wheel folding. This "component-path-risk" mapping mechanism enables the system to distinguish between "critical safety components being blocked" and "accessibility functions being blocked," avoiding excessive system response due to minor touches to non-critical components, thereby improving user experience and system reliability.

[0185] In some embodiments, the alert may include a general alert and an emergency alert. If an obstacle exists in the area traversed by the steering wheel folding motor and / or the storage mechanism, the vehicle or steering system is configured to issue an emergency alert; if an obstacle exists in the area traversed by at least one of the steering wheel folding motor, the flip-up motor, and the sliding display, the vehicle or steering system is configured to issue a general alert. When an emergency alert is triggered, the controller simultaneously cuts off power to all non-safety-related modules (such as ambient lighting and the entertainment system) to ensure the user's attention is focused on the main control screen and instrument panel; a general alert only activates the instrument panel and speakers, without affecting other systems. The voice command for the emergency alert uses an "emergency semantics" template: "Danger! Hand contact! Stop immediately!", while the general alert uses a "prompt semantics" template: "Foreign object detected, pause some actions." At the user interaction level, the tactile feedback for the emergency alert is output by the seat vibrator and the steering wheel heating ring in tandem, forming a dual stimulation of "vibration + temperature"; the general alert is output by a single point of the seat vibrator. This design ensures that in complex driving environments, users can quickly identify the risk level through "perceived intensity," avoiding confusion and improving response efficiency.

[0186] In some embodiments, when the vehicle 100 meets the second condition, the steering wheel 2 can also be configured to automatically switch to the unfolded state or remain in the unfolded state; or, when the vehicle meets the second condition, the steering device 200 will issue a reminder through the vehicle 100 to switch the steering wheel 2 to the unfolded state or remain in the unfolded state; wherein, the second condition includes one or more of the following: the vehicle 100 receives an unlock command; the vehicle 100 receives a power-on command; the vehicle 100 receives a driving command; the vehicle 100 receives a command to open the driver's side door; the vehicle 100 detects the driver entering the vehicle; the driver's side door of the vehicle 100 is opened; the vehicle 100 detects that someone is riding in the driver's seat; the vehicle 100 is in a first driving state; the vehicle 100 is experiencing a network error; the steering device 200 has a component malfunction; the remaining energy of the vehicle 100 is lower than a set threshold; the vehicle 100 switches to a driving state or is in a driving state, the driving state including the vehicle 100 being in a non-P gear, the vehicle 100 being in D gear, or the vehicle 100 being in R gear, or the vehicle 100's speed being greater than 0. When the vehicle detects that the driver's side door is open or that the seat pressure sensor detects a weight > 40kg, the controller immediately initiates the unfolding procedure: the storage mechanism reverses to open the hatch, the flip-up motor drives the hatch to open, and the steering wheel folding motor slowly unfolds the steering wheel body. Simultaneously, the sliding screen on the instrument panel displays an animation saying "Steering wheel is unfolding, please do not touch." If an obstacle is detected during unfolding, the system pauses and triggers an L1 level warning, but does not terminate the unfolding process; it only reduces the unfolding speed to 5° / s and continues monitoring until fully unfolded. If the vehicle receives a "driving command" or shifts to D / R gear, and the steering wheel is still folded, the system forcibly unfolds the steering wheel and displays a red warning on the instrument panel: "Steering wheel not unfolded, driving safety restricted." Accelerator pedal response is also disabled until fully unfolded. If there is a network error or the folding motor malfunctions, the system locks the folding function, allowing only manual unfolding, and prompts "Steering system malfunction, please contact the service station." This mechanism ensures that the steering wheel is always safely unfolded in any high-risk scenario, avoiding delays in takeover due to autonomous driving misjudgments.

[0187] In some embodiments, when the vehicle or steering device is configured to still be in a state of driving based on the intelligent driving system, the system can remind the user to fold or unfold the steering wheel based on the status of the intelligent driving system. Specifically, when the vehicle is in Level 3 or higher autonomous driving mode (such as highway NOA) and the system determines that the current road segment is "low traffic density, no lane change requirement, and the driver can leave the driver's seat," the central control screen displays a graphic prompt "It is recommended to fold the steering wheel to improve passenger space," and plays a gentle voice prompt through the speaker, "You can choose to fold the steering wheel to relax." If the system detects "approaching a complex intersection," "blurred lane lines," "a takeover request is about to be triggered," or "the driver's gaze is off the road for more than 3 seconds," a red icon "Please unfold the steering wheel to prepare for takeover" immediately flashes on the instrument panel, accompanied by three short vibrations (vibrator) and a voice prompt "Please unfold the steering wheel immediately to prepare for takeover." If the driver does not respond within 5 seconds, the system automatically unfolds the steering wheel, deactivates the autonomous driving function, and forcibly enters Level 2 assisted driving. This strategy deeply couples the steering wheel status with the driving task, realizing "scenario-driven human-machine interaction," avoiding takeover delays caused by the folded state, and improving the safety of intelligent driving and the consistency of user experience.

[0188] In some embodiments, when the vehicle 100 meets the second condition, the steering device 200 issues a reminder through the vehicle 100 to switch the steering wheel 2 to the unfolded state or keep the steering wheel 2 in the unfolded state. This allows the driver to switch the steering wheel 2 to the unsteering state in a timely manner, thereby facilitating the operation of the steering wheel 2 and reducing the occurrence of accidents.

[0189] The second condition includes one or more of the following:

[0190] The vehicle 100 received an unlock command;

[0191] The vehicle 100 received a power-on command;

[0192] The vehicle 100 received the driving command;

[0193] The vehicle 100 receives an instruction to open the driver's side door;

[0194] The vehicle 100 detected that the driver had boarded the vehicle;

[0195] The driver's side door of the vehicle 100 is opened;

[0196] The driver's seat of the vehicle 100 was detected to be occupied;

[0197] The vehicle 100 is in the first driving state;

[0198] The vehicle 100 is experiencing a network malfunction.

[0199] The components of the steering device 200 are in an abnormal state;

[0200] The remaining energy of the vehicle 100 is lower than a set threshold, and the remaining energy is the energy that can drive the vehicle 100 to move.

[0201] The vehicle 100 is switched to a driving state or is in a driving state. The driving state includes the vehicle 100 being in a gear other than P, the vehicle 100 being in a gear D, or the vehicle 100 being in a gear R, or the vehicle 100 having a speed greater than 0.

[0202] The driver may use steering wheel 2. If the vehicle 100 meets the above conditions, switching steering wheel 2 to the unfolded state can facilitate the driver's use of steering wheel 2.

[0203] In some embodiments, when the vehicle 100 is driving based on an intelligent driving system, the vehicle 100 switches between unfolded and folded states according to the state of the intelligent driving system. For example, when the intelligent driving system can independently control the vehicle 100 to achieve autonomous driving, it can automatically fold the steering wheel 2 or remind the user to fold the steering wheel 2; in case of an emergency or poor traffic conditions, it can automatically unfold the steering wheel 2 or remind the user to engage driving operations or remind the user to unfold the steering wheel 2.

[0204] In some embodiments, the steering wheel 2 is configured with a switching control strategy based on the driving mode of the vehicle 100, adjusting the steering wheel 2 to be in an unfolded state or a folded state, wherein the driving mode includes an automatic driving mode or a non-automatic driving mode.

[0205] In some embodiments, the steering wheel 2 is configured with a switching control strategy based on the driving mode of the vehicle 100, adjusting the steering wheel 2 to be in an unfolded state or a folded state, wherein the driving mode includes an automatic driving mode or a non-automatic driving mode.

[0206] In some embodiments, when the vehicle 100 is stationary, in park, and powered off, the steering wheel 2 is allowed to automatically switch from an unfolded state to a folded state. In these states, the driver rarely uses the steering wheel 2; therefore, folding the steering wheel 2 frees up space and improves the driver's driving experience.

[0207] When the vehicle 100 is stationary, in park, and powered on, the steering wheel 2 can switch from an unfolded to a folded state in response to a user's control command. With the power on, the driver may start the vehicle 100 at any time; switching the steering wheel 2 from an unfolded to a folded state in response to the user's control command allows the user to adjust the steering wheel 2, improving the flexibility of its state switching.

[0208] When the vehicle 100 is in a non-parking gear or when the vehicle 100's speed is not zero, the steering wheel 2 is not allowed to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state. In this case, the driving direction of the vehicle 100 needs to be adjusted using the steering wheel 2 to keep the steering wheel 2 in the unfolded state, which facilitates the driver's operation of the steering wheel 2.

[0209] If the vehicle 100's status information does not meet the folding conditions, the steering wheel 2 is not allowed to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state. This can prevent accidents or dangers caused by the steering wheel 2 being in the folded state.

[0210] In some embodiments, the switching control strategy corresponding to the autonomous driving mode includes at least one of the following:

[0211] When the vehicle 100 is stationary, in park, and powered off, the steering wheel 2 is allowed to automatically switch from an unfolded state to a folded state. In these states, the driver rarely uses the steering wheel 2; therefore, folding it frees up space and improves the driver's experience.

[0212] When the vehicle 100 is stationary, in park, and powered on, the steering wheel 2 can switch from an unfolded to a folded state in response to a user's control command. With the power on, the driver may start the vehicle 100 at any time; switching the steering wheel 2 from an unfolded to a folded state in response to the user's control command allows for easier adjustment of the steering wheel 2, improving the flexibility of its state switching.

[0213] When the vehicle 100 is in a non-parking gear or when the vehicle 100's speed is not zero, the steering wheel 2 is allowed to switch from an unfolded state to a folded state. At this time, the vehicle 100 is in autonomous driving mode, and the driver does not need to use the steering wheel 2. Therefore, the steering wheel 2 can be allowed to switch to a folded state to provide the driver with more space and improve the driving experience.

[0214] If the vehicle 100's status information does not meet the folding conditions, the steering wheel 2 is not allowed to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state. This can prevent accidents or dangers caused by the steering wheel 2 being in the folded state.

[0215] In some embodiments, the folding condition includes at least one of the following:

[0216] The network of the vehicle 100 is in normal condition;

[0217] The remaining energy of the vehicle 100 is greater than or equal to a preset threshold.

[0218] The steering device 200 did not malfunction.

[0219] A normal network connection ensures that the steering mechanism 200 can receive commands correctly, thus smoothly controlling the folding of the steering wheel 2. Remaining energy, such as remaining battery power, ensures that the drive unit has sufficient power to ensure the smooth folding of the steering wheel 2. The absence of a malfunction in the steering mechanism 200 also ensures the smooth folding of the steering wheel 2.

[0220] This application also provides a steering system, including the aforementioned steering device. The steering system comprises a steering device, a central controller, an intelligent driving system, a vehicle bus (CAN FD), and a cloud service module. The controller communicates in real-time with the body control module, battery management system, HOD sensor, and HMI system via the CAN FD bus to achieve state synchronization. The cloud service module records each anti-pinch trigger event (time, component, obstacle type, warning level, user response) for subsequent algorithm optimization and OTA upgrades. For example, if a user triggers the "flip motor path obstructed" warning three times consecutively while folding the device, and all instances involve children's toys, the system can automatically learn the user's habits and provide a warning before the next startup: "Please check if any children's items are left under the center console." This system architecture supports continuous learning and personalized adaptation, improving long-term safety.

[0221] This application also provides a vehicle including the aforementioned steering device or steering system. The vehicle features a foldable steering wheel in the front row, integrating all the aforementioned anti-pinch warning systems. The vehicle is factory-set to a "safety priority" mode, with all anti-pinch strategies enabled by default. Users can access the "driving preference" settings via the central control screen to select either "enhanced warning" or "mild warning" modes, but the "live obstacle emergency response" and "forced deployment while driving" functions are non-disableable. This design ensures that the core safety mechanisms remain effective under any user settings, meeting global market regulatory requirements.

[0222] This application embodiment also provides a vehicle, which includes a driver's seat. The vehicle is configured to move the driver's seat away from the steering wheel during the steering wheel folding process to avoid it. The driver's seat is equipped with an electric six-way adjustment mechanism and a position encoder. 1.2 seconds before the steering wheel 2 starts folding, the controller automatically calculates the safe avoidance distance based on a three-dimensional collision model of the current seat position and the steering wheel folding trajectory, and drives the seat to move backward by 50mm and upward by 15mm to ensure a clearance of ≥120mm between the seat back and the folded steering wheel. If the seat is already in the rearmost position, the system only performs a lifting action; if the clearance is still not met after lifting, an L2-level warning is triggered: "The seat position is too close, it is recommended to manually move it backward." This linkage mechanism eliminates the risk of pinching in physical space through the coordinated movement of the "seat and steering wheel," and is especially suitable for tall users or child seat installation scenarios, achieving a safety paradigm upgrade of "active avoidance" rather than "passive anti-pinch."

[0223] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0224] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A steering device for a vehicle, characterized in that, The steering device includes: A steering wheel, the steering wheel having a folded state and an unfolded state, the steering wheel being configured to switch from the unfolded state to the folded state by a folding action, and the vehicle or the steering device being configured to issue a warning in the presence of a folding obstacle.

2. The steering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue a warning in at least one of the following situations: before the steering wheel begins to fold, when the steering wheel is foldable, and during the folding process of the steering wheel.

3. The steering device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The vehicle or the steering device includes at least one of a display, a speaker, and a vibrator, and the alert includes at least one of a graphic alert from the display, an audio alert from the speaker, and a vibration alert from the vibrator.

4. The steering device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, When the vehicle meets the second condition, the steering device also issues a reminder through the vehicle to switch the steering wheel to the unfolded state or keep the steering wheel in the unfolded state. The second condition includes one or more of the following: The vehicle received an unlock command. The vehicle received a power-on command; The vehicle received a driving instruction. The vehicle receives a command to open the driver's side door; The vehicle detected that a driver had boarded. The driver's side door of the vehicle is open; The vehicle was found to have a person in the driver's seat; The vehicle is in the first driving state; The vehicle is experiencing a network malfunction. The steering device components are in an abnormal state; The vehicle's remaining energy is below a set threshold, where the remaining energy is the energy sufficient to drive the vehicle. The vehicle is switched to a driving state or is in a driving state, the driving state including the vehicle being in a gear other than P, the vehicle being in a gear D, or the vehicle being in a gear R, or the vehicle speed being greater than 0.

5. The steering device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, When the vehicle or the steering device is configured to be in a state where the vehicle is driving based on the intelligent driving system, it can remind the user to fold the steering wheel or remind the user to unfold the steering wheel according to the state of the intelligent driving system.

6. The steering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The folded barrier state includes one or more of the following: The folding path area contains obstacles, and the folding path area includes: the area that the steering wheel needs to pass through to fold; or, the area that the steering device needs to pass through to complete the remaining folding action.

7. The steering device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The obstacle includes living obstacles and non-living obstacles, the warning includes general warning and emergency warning, and the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue an emergency warning even if the obstacle is a living obstacle.

8. The steering device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The steering device includes multiple components. The area through which the steering device needs to complete the remaining folding action is obstructed, including: when the steering device completes the remaining folding action, at least one of the multiple components of the steering device needs to pass through an area obstructed. The multiple components of the steering device include: a steering wheel folding motor, a steering wheel folding motor, a storage mechanism, a flip-up motor, and a sliding display.

9. The steering device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vehicle or the steering system is configured to issue different warnings depending on the component if there is an obstacle in the area that at least one of the multiple components of the steering system needs to pass through.

10. The steering device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The alerts include general alerts and emergency alerts. If there are obstacles in the area that the steering wheel folding motor and / or the storage mechanism need to pass through, the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue an emergency alert. If an obstacle exists in the area that at least one of the steering wheel folding motor, the flip-up motor, and the sliding display needs to pass through, the vehicle or the steering device is configured to issue a general warning.

11. A steering system, characterized in that, Includes the steering device as described in any one of claims 1-10.

12. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the steering device according to any one of claims 1-10, or the steering system according to claim 11.

13. The vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that, The vehicle also includes a driver's seat, and the vehicle is configured to move the driver's seat away from the steering wheel during the folding of the steering wheel in order to avoid the steering wheel.

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