Biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment integrating two drying and two carbonization

Abstract

The application discloses a two-drying-two-carbon integrated biomass pyrolysis carbonization equipment and a biomass treatment process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resource equipment.The application solves the technical problems of large occupied area, material wall sticking and blocking, and uneven heat exchange of the existing traditional biomass drying and carbonization equipment.The equipment comprises a furnace body, a treatment cavity is arranged in the furnace body, a spiral conveying assembly is arranged in the treatment cavity, the spiral conveying assembly comprises a rotating shaft and spiral blades, a gap for material passing is arranged between the spiral blades and the rotating shaft, an elastic turning, stirring and scraping part is arranged on the rotating shaft, the elastic turning, stirring and scraping part is used for stirring the material and scraping the inner wall of the treatment cavity when the rotating shaft rotates;the top surface of the treatment cavity is in an open structure, a flow guide part is arranged at the opening of the treatment cavity, the flow guide part is arranged to be inclined so as to guide the directional flow of the airflow, and an avoiding gap is formed between the bottom end of the flow guide part and the outer edge of the spiral blade.The application has the advantages of small occupied area and long running period.The application is used for biomass pyrolysis carbonization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes and its biomass treatment technology, belonging to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional biomass drying and carbonization sections are set up separately, which requires a large equipment area and high civil engineering costs; conventional screw conveyor equipment is prone to material sticking to the cylinder wall and coking due to the lack of a turning structure inside, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning and making continuous operation impossible; the hot air flow inside the furnace is chaotic, the material is heated unevenly, and the quality of the finished product varies greatly.

[0003] Conventional equipment relies entirely on external fuel heating, resulting in high operating costs; at the same time, the exhaust gas treatment structure is simple, and high-value by-products cannot be recycled.

[0004] In summary, existing traditional biomass drying and carbonization equipment suffers from technical problems such as large footprint, material sticking to the walls and clogging, and uneven heat exchange. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve the technical problems of existing traditional biomass drying and carbonization equipment, such as large footprint, material sticking to the walls and clogging, and uneven heat exchange. It provides an integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes. The equipment includes a furnace body with a processing chamber inside. A spiral conveying assembly is installed within the processing chamber. The spiral conveying assembly includes a rotating shaft and spiral blades. A gap is provided between the spiral blades and the rotating shaft for material passage. An elastic stirring and scraping component is installed on the rotating shaft. This elastic stirring and scraping component is used to stir the material and scrape the inner wall of the processing chamber as it rotates with the rotating shaft.

[0006] The top surface of the processing chamber is an open structure, and a flow guide is provided at the opening of the processing chamber. The flow guide is inclined to guide the airflow in a directional manner, and a clearance gap is formed between the bottom end of the flow guide and the outer edge of the spiral blade.

[0007] As another improvement of the present invention, the flexible scraping member is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft and configured to rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft to dynamically scrape the inner wall of the processing cavity;

[0008] The gap between the spiral blades and the rotating shaft is configured to allow some material to pass through, thereby creating a tumbling effect within a local space.

[0009] As another improvement of the present invention, a 50mm through gap is reserved at the edge of the spiral blade to form the gap;

[0010] The spiral blades are welded and fixed to the rotating shaft via a connecting plate, which is configured to agitate the material when the rotating shaft rotates.

[0011] As another improvement of the present invention, the guide member is inclined downward along the material conveying direction to guide the hot airflow to flow in a directional manner within the processing chamber;

[0012] The clearance is defined by the bottom end of the guide member and the outer edge of the spiral blade or the flexible scraper.

[0013] As another improvement of the present invention, the tilt angle of the guide is 12°;

[0014] The vertical distance between the bottom end of the guide and the outer edge of the spiral blade is 75mm.

[0015] A connection port is provided between the output end of the upper right processing chamber and the input end of the lower right processing chamber, and the material is transported to the lower right processing chamber by gravity.

[0016] Both the output end of the lower right processing chamber and the input end of the lower left processing chamber are equipped with connection ports. A reversing flap is installed on the rotating shaft inside the output end of the lower right processing chamber to flip the material to the input end of the lower left processing chamber.

[0017] As another improvement of the present invention, the rotating shaft is a two-segment splicing structure, with adjacent two segments of the rotating shaft connected by a support bearing. The support bearing is provided to counteract the radial deflection caused by the weight of the rotating shaft itself.

[0018] As another improvement of the present invention, it also includes an external heat source assembly and a flue gas return pipeline, wherein the processing chamber is divided into at least two processing sections along the material conveying direction; the at least two processing sections include a front processing section and a rear processing section;

[0019] The external heat source assembly is connected to the bottom of the processing chamber and is used to provide an external heat source to the processing chamber during the preheating stage;

[0020] The flue gas return pipeline is connected between the downstream processing section and the upstream processing section, and is used to divert the pyrolysis flue gas generated in the downstream processing section to the upstream processing section to provide a circulating heat source.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] 1. The system adopts a double-layer furnace structure, integrating two-stage drying and two-stage carbonization into a single machine body. A unidirectional straight-through screw conveyor allows materials to flow in a single, straight line from the inlet to the outlet, without backtracking or reversing. The entire system occupies a small area, significantly reducing basic civil engineering costs, making it ideal for decentralized solid waste treatment scenarios such as townships and farms.

[0023] 2. A cleverly designed elastic stirring and scraping spring steel plate is incorporated; and a 50mm permeable gap is provided between the blades and the rotating shaft. The spring steel plate rotates with the main shaft, continuously and dynamically cleaning the inner wall of the treatment chamber like a scraper, achieving long-term uninterrupted continuous operation.

[0024] 3. By using a 12° inclined guide plate, the drawback of disordered hot air dissipation in traditional equipment is overcome. Hot air is forced to flow laminarly along the material surface and the guide plate, eliminating heat exchange dead zones within the cavity. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the processing chamber, rotating shaft, spiral blades, and elastic stirring and scraping components.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting two adjacent rotating shafts via a support bearing.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure in which the spiral blades are welded and fixed to the rotating shaft via a connecting plate.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the processing cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This application provides an integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying stages and two carbonization stages. The outer diameter of the drying section cylinder is 630 mm. The overall structure adopts a two-layer, eight-partition, sealed, insulated chamber structure. Combined with a dual hot air furnace cold start and a PLC automatic heat source switching system, it achieves low-energy consumption, high-value-added continuous processing of biomass. This equipment is a 630-type unidirectional direct-flow integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying stages and two carbonization stages.

[0032] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment describes a furnace body 1, which contains a processing chamber 2. The processing chamber 2 contains a spiral conveying assembly, which includes a rotating shaft 3 and spiral blades 4. A gap is provided between the spiral blades 4 and the rotating shaft 3 to allow material to pass through. The rotating shaft 3 is provided with an elastic stirring and scraping component 5, which is used to stir the material and scrape the inner wall of the processing chamber 2 when rotating with the rotating shaft 3.

[0033] To prevent material from accumulating and clumping at the angle between the blades and the rotating shaft, a gap is provided between the spiral blades 4 and the rotating shaft 3 to allow material to pass through. Simultaneously, the outer edge of the spiral blades 4 is equipped with an elastic stirring and scraping component 5. In actual operation, this elastic stirring and scraping component 5 rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 3, stirring the material during the material pushing process and dynamically scraping the inner wall of the processing chamber 2, effectively preventing material from sticking to the inner wall and coking at high temperatures. The elastic stirring and scraping component is preferably made of elastic steel plate.

[0034] The top surface of the processing chamber 2 is an open structure, and a guide member 6 is provided at the opening of the processing chamber 2. The guide member 6 is inclined to guide the airflow in a directional manner, and a clearance gap is formed between the bottom end of the guide member 6 and the outer edge of the spiral blade 4. This ensures a smooth airflow channel and avoids interference between the guide member and the rotating blade.

[0035] The system employs a double-layer furnace structure, integrating the upper two-stage drying and lower two-stage carbonization into a single machine. A unidirectional, straight-through screw conveyor allows materials to flow in a single, direct line from the inlet to the outlet, without backtracking or reversing. The entire system occupies a small footprint, significantly reducing basic construction costs, making it ideal for decentralized solid waste treatment scenarios in towns, farms, and other similar locations.

[0036] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that the elastic stirring and scraping component 5 is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft 3 and configured to rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 3 to dynamically scrape the inner wall of the processing chamber 2; the elastic stirring and scraping component is preferably an elastic steel plate.

[0037] The gap between the spiral blade 4 and the rotating shaft 3 is configured to allow some material to pass through, so as to create a mixing effect in a local space.

[0038] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further defines the functions of the elastic stirring and scraping component and the material gap. The elastic stirring and scraping component 5 is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the spiral blade 4. It is not independently driven, but configured to rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 3, thereby achieving dynamic and continuous scraping of the inner wall of the processing chamber 2, completely solving the problem of material accumulation on the wall. Simultaneously, the gap between the spiral blade 4 and the rotating shaft 3 is configured to allow some material to pass through. This passing material creates a stirring effect in a localized space, breaking the overall pushing inertia of the material on the auger blades, allowing materials of different layers to mix and contact the hot wall, significantly improving heat exchange efficiency. Other components and connection methods are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0039] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figures 1 to 6This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that the edge of the spiral blade 4 has a 50mm permeable gap to form the gap.

[0040] The spiral blades 4 are welded and fixed to the rotating shaft 3 via connecting plates 7. The connecting plates 7 are configured to agitate the material when the rotating shaft 3 rotates. This embodiment further provides specific structural parameters of the core components. A 50mm permeable gap is reserved at the edge of the spiral blades 4 to form the gap. This size ensures that the material can pass through while effectively controlling the throughput. In terms of welding process, the spiral blades 4 are welded and fixed to the rotating shaft 3 via connecting plates 7. These connecting plates 7 not only serve a connecting and fixing function but are also configured to perform secondary scraping and forced agitation of the material when the rotating shaft 3 rotates, ensuring that the material is fully scattered and heated within the hot chamber. Other components and connection methods are the same as in specific embodiments one or two.

[0041] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment differs from Specific Embodiment 1 in that the guide member 6 is inclined downward along the material conveying direction to guide the hot airflow to flow directionally within the processing chamber 2.

[0042] The clearance is defined by the bottom end of the guide member 6 and the elastic stirring and scraping member 5.

[0043] This embodiment specifically defines the air distribution direction of the guide component. The guide component 6 is inclined downwards along the material conveying direction. This inclined structure forms a directional air duct, guiding the high-temperature hot airflow entering from the bottom or side to flow directionally within the processing chamber 2 according to a set trajectory, overcoming the defects of disordered airflow and dead zones in heat exchange in traditional carbonization furnaces. Simultaneously, the clearance is defined by the bottom end of the guide component 6 and the elastic stirring and scraping component 5, balancing the safety of fluid dynamics and mechanical operation. Other components and connection methods are the same as in any one of embodiments one to three.

[0044] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that the tilt angle of the guide member 6 is 12°.

[0045] The vertical distance between the bottom end of the guide member 6 and the outer edge of the spiral blade 4 is 75 mm. This embodiment defines the preferred spatial parameters of the guide member and the blade. The inclination angle of the guide member 6 is 12°; the vertical distance between the bottom end of the guide member 6 and the outer edge of the spiral blade 4 is 75 mm. This spatial structure combination ensures that the high-temperature hot air adheres to the material surface and the inner wall of the cavity along the guide plate, without forming turbulent dead zones, and ensures that the material is heated evenly in the four cavities, resulting in a uniform and stable quality of the carbonized product. Other components and connection methods are the same as any one of specific embodiments one to four.

[0046] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that the rotating shaft 3 is a two-segment spliced ​​structure, with adjacent segments of the rotating shaft 3 connected by a support bearing 10. The support bearing 10 is used to counteract the radial deflection caused by the weight of the rotating shaft 3. To prevent the long rotating shaft 3 from bending and deforming due to its own weight during high-temperature rotation, the rotating shaft 3 is a two-segment or more spliced ​​structure. Adjacent segments of the rotating shaft 3 are connected by a support bearing 10. The support bearing 10 not only effectively counteracts the radial deflection caused by the weight of the long shaft, but also ensures the dynamic balance accuracy of the spindle under high-temperature conditions. Other components and connection methods are the same as any one of specific embodiments one to six.

[0047] Specific implementation method seven: Combining Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that it further includes an external heat source assembly and a flue gas return pipeline. The processing chamber 2 is divided into at least two processing sections along the material conveying direction; the at least two processing sections include a front processing section and a rear processing section.

[0048] The external heat source assembly is connected to the bottom of the processing cavity 2 and is used to provide an external heat source to the processing cavity 2 during the preheating stage;

[0049] The flue gas return pipeline is connected between the downstream processing section and the upstream processing section, and is used to divert the pyrolysis flue gas generated in the downstream processing section to the upstream processing section to provide a circulating heat source.

[0050] This embodiment describes the core heating system of the equipment. Specifically, the external heat source component is set as a dual hot air furnace preheating system, with the hot air furnace installed at a height of 800mm from the bottom of the drying cylinder. A hot air furnace is configured at the feeding end, and is connected to a 10-meter-long hot air conveying pipe with an inner diameter of 300mm. The end of the pipe extends to 70% of the stroke position of the processing chamber to achieve precise and uniform hot air delivery.

[0051] The equipment is equipped with a PLC electronic control system, preset with a 90-minute cold start preheating time. During the cold start preheating stage, the external heat source components heat the entire furnace body. Once the furnace body produces stable pyrolysis flue gas, the large amount of high-temperature combustible pyrolysis flue gas generated in the downstream processing section is directly diverted to the upstream processing section through the flue gas return pipeline, providing a circulating heat source for the front-end drying and dehydration. At this time, the PLC system automatically cuts off the external heat source, and the entire machine achieves self-sustaining circulating heating. The flue gas finally flows to the three-stage tail gas treatment assembly, where it undergoes condensation recovery, spray purification, and activated carbon adsorption in sequence, yielding high-value byproducts such as tar and wood vinegar, ultimately meeting emission standards. Other components and connection methods are the same as any one of specific implementation methods one to seven.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes, characterized in that... It includes a furnace body (1), a processing chamber (2) is provided inside the furnace body (1), a spiral conveying assembly is provided inside the processing chamber (2), the spiral conveying assembly includes a rotating shaft (3) and spiral blades (4), a gap is provided between the spiral blades (4) and the rotating shaft (3) for material to pass through, and an elastic stirring and scraping component (5) is provided on the rotating shaft (3), the elastic stirring and scraping component (5) is used to stir the material and scrape the inner wall of the processing chamber (2) when rotating with the rotating shaft (3); The top surface of the processing chamber (2) is an open structure. A guide (6) is provided at the opening of the processing chamber (2). The guide (6) is inclined to guide the airflow to flow in a directional manner. A clearance gap is formed between the bottom end of the guide (6) and the outer edge of the spiral blade (4).

2. The integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic stirring and scraping component (5) is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft (3) and configured to rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft (3) to dynamically scrape the inner wall of the processing chamber (2); The gap between the spiral blade (4) and the rotating shaft (3) is configured to allow some material to pass through, so as to create a mixing effect in a local space.

3. The integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The edge of the spiral blade (4) has a 50mm through gap to form the gap; The spiral blade (4) is welded and fixed to the rotating shaft (3) by a connecting plate (7), and the connecting plate (7) is configured to stir the material when the rotating shaft (3) rotates.

4. The integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide (6) is inclined downward along the material conveying direction to guide the hot airflow to flow in a directional manner within the processing chamber (2); The clearance is defined by the bottom end of the guide (6) and the elastic stirring and scraping component (5).

5. The integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the guide (6) is 12°; The vertical distance between the bottom end of the guide (6) and the outer edge of the spiral blade (4) is 75 mm.

6. The integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (3) is a two-segment splicing structure. The two adjacent rotating shafts (3) are connected by a support bearing (10). The support bearing (10) is set to counteract the radial deflection caused by the weight of the rotating shaft (3).

7. The integrated biomass pyrolysis and carbonization equipment with two drying and two carbonization processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an external heat source assembly and a flue gas return pipeline. The processing chamber (2) is divided into at least two processing sections along the material conveying direction. The at least two processing sections include a front processing section and a rear processing section. The external heat source assembly is connected to the bottom of the processing chamber (2) and is used to provide an external heat source to the processing chamber (2) during the preheating stage; The flue gas return pipeline is connected between the downstream processing section and the upstream processing section, and is used to divert the pyrolysis flue gas generated in the downstream processing section to the upstream processing section to provide a circulating heat source.

Images