A rice panicle grain number and grain type regulatory gene and applications thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a rice panicle grain number and grain type regulation gene and application thereof. OsSDGa A gene related to epigenetic modification for regulating rice panicle grain number and grain type and containing a SRA / YDG structure is obtained through research of the application OsSDGa The gene can obtain a mutant with changed panicle grain number and grain type by site-specific knockout of the gene of a indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao. OsSDGa The effective panicle number and secondary branch number of the mutant are obviously increased, the yield per plant is improved, the grain length is obviously increased, the grain width is correspondingly reduced, and the grain type of rice can be changed. The research of the application shows that the gene can regulate the panicle grain number and grain type of rice, can be used for hybrid rice breeding, can improve the genetic improvement of the yield and grain type of rice, and provides a new available gene resource for high-yield breeding of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of genetic engineering and crop panicle grain number and grain shape improvement. More specifically, it relates to a rice panicle grain number and grain shape regulating gene and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Rice ( Oryza sativa L. (Lysimachia christinae) supplies the food needs of more than half of the world's population and is one of the world's most important food crops. Yield is a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, among which three main agronomic traits play a decisive role: number of effective spikes, number of grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight, also known as the "three factors of yield".

[0003] The number and shape of grains per panicle in rice are key traits determining yield, regulated by multiple genes. The number of grains per panicle is mainly influenced by the number of tillers, the number of branches (stalks), and the number of florets per panicle, while grain shape (length, width, and thickness) directly affects grain weight and appearance quality. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology and genomics, more and more yield-related genes have been discovered, for example... OsTB1 Mutations can increase effective tillering; grain length gene GS3 and grain width gene GW8 Genes influence grain size by regulating cell expansion; data indicate that the grain number per ear gene... Gn1a and granulation genes GS3 The application of equivalent loci can increase rice yield by more than 15%. Currently, there are relatively few reported rice genes that can simultaneously regulate both panicle grain number and grain type. These genes usually coordinate the two traits by influencing panicle branching development, cell division and expansion, or hormone signaling pathways. Therefore, there is still a lack of gene resources that can simultaneously regulate rice panicle grain number and grain type to increase rice yield per plant, change rice grain type, balance tillering and panicle grain number, increase panicle cytokinin levels, and be used for molecular marker-assisted breeding to conduct high-yield breeding, cultivate more upright panicle, long grain, and large grain varieties, and improve rice yield and quality.

[0004] Therefore, with global population growth and arable land resources decreasing, discovering new yield-regulating genes, improving rice yield through genetic improvement, and cultivating new high-yield rice varieties are key ways to solve food shortages. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the lack of gene resources in the prior art that can simultaneously regulate rice panicle grain number and grain shape, and to provide a rice panicle grain number and grain shape regulating gene and its application, as a new gene resource with the potential to improve rice yield and with breeding value.

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide OsSDGa Application of genes or encoded proteins.

[0007] A second objective of this invention is to provide knockout OsSDGa Application of formulations that express genes or encoded proteins.

[0008] The third objective of this invention is to provide a method for increasing the number of grains per panicle in rice.

[0009] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a method for changing the grain shape of rice.

[0010] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention, based on CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing, discovered a mutant in the panicle grain number and grain type of the indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao in a rice gene knockout mutant library. Sequencing analysis revealed that this mutant is... Os08g0400000 A recessive mutant is a gene that loses its function due to a frameshift mutation caused by the deletion of a base in an exon. Os08g0400000 The gene encodes an SRA / YDG domain, abbreviated as SRA / YDG. OsSDGa The gene, whose nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and whose amino acid sequence encodes the protein OsSDGa, is shown in SEQ ID NO:2. CRISPR / Cas knockout of rice... OsSDGa Editing the gene or its expression regulatory region can increase the number of secondary branches and effective panicles in mutants, leading to an increase in the number of grains per panicle and longer grains. (This is indicated by a knockout effect.) OsSDGa Genes can alter the number and shape of grains per panicle, thereby increasing the yield per rice plant and achieving the effects of increased yield and longer grains, providing new genetic resources for high-yield rice breeding.

[0011] Therefore, the present invention provides OsSDGa The application of genes or their encoded proteins in regulating rice panicle grain number and grain shape in plant breeding, or in the preparation of formulations for regulating rice panicle grain number and grain shape.

[0012] Specifically: OsSDGa Application of genes or encoded proteins in increasing the number of grains per panicle in rice.

[0013] OsSDGa Application of genes or encoded proteins in increasing the number of effective panicles and secondary branches in rice.

[0014] OsSDGa Application of genes or encoded proteins in altering rice grain shape.

[0015] OsSDGa Application of genes or encoded proteins in the construction of transgenic rice with mutant panicle number and grain type.

[0016] Furthermore, the above applications require the knockout of [a specific substance] in rice. OsSDGa Genes or proteins they encode.

[0017] Preferably, the rice grain shape is changed to a long grain shape.

[0018] This invention provides knockout OsSDGa Application of formulations that express genes or encoded proteins in increasing the number of grains per panicle, the number of effective panicles, and the number of secondary branches in rice.

[0019] This invention provides knockout OsSDGa Application of gene or protein-encoding formulations in altering rice grain shape.

[0020] This invention provides knockout OsSDGa Application of formulations that express genes or encoded proteins in the preparation of products that regulate the number and shape of grains per panicle in rice.

[0021] This invention provides knockout OsSDGa Application of gene or protein expression formulations in the breeding of high-yield and long-grain rice varieties.

[0022] This invention also provides a method for increasing the number of grains per panicle in rice, by adjusting the grain content in rice. OsSDGa Genes were knocked out at specific sites or their expression was suppressed to obtain mutant lines with increased effective panicle number and number of secondary branches.

[0023] This invention also provides a method for changing the grain shape of rice, specifically for altering the grain shape of rice. OsSDGa Gene editing, such as targeted knockout or expression repression, yields mutant lines with altered granule shape.

[0024] Preferably, the method utilizes gene editing technology to... OsSDGa Knockout mutations or expression changes are performed on coding regions or expression regulatory regions, or on... OsSDGa Codon base editing regulation in coding regions OsSDGa Expression levels or protein activity, or through antisense gene technology or RNA interference technology. OsSDGa Gene expression is suppressed to obtain mutant lines with different ear numbers or grain types.

[0025] More preferably, the CRISPR / Cas gene editing system is used for... OsSDGa Genes are knocked out of their function.

[0026] More preferably, a CRISPR / Cas single-base editor or prime editor is used to... OsSDGa Gene expression regulatory elements or codons are edited at specific sites to regulate their expression levels or protein activity.

[0027] More preferably, the CRISPR / Cas gene editing system is used for... OsSDGaGene expression regulatory regions, such as promoter regulatory regions, 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), can be targeted for editing at one or more sites to regulate their expression activity or translation efficiency.

[0028] More preferably, the nucleotide sequence of the partial target site is shown in SEQ ID NO:7-8.

[0029] More preferably, the partial target is linked into the sgRNA expression cassette intermediate vector via the target adapter sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:9-12, and then linked into the CRISPR / Cas9 vector. The constructed CRISPR / Cas9 vector is then transferred into Agrobacterium and infects the recipient rice variety.

[0030] More preferably, the present invention uses primers with nucleotide sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO:17-20 to screen for site knockout positive plants.

[0031] More preferably, constructing gene-containing OsSDGa CRISPR / Cas gene editing vectors containing target sequences of gene coding regions or expression regulatory regions were used to transform wild-type rice to obtain height mutant lines.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention has yielded an epigenetic modification related to the regulation of grain number and grain type in rice panicles, containing an SRA / YDG domain. OsSDGa Genes. Using genetic engineering techniques to specifically knock out the genes in the indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao. OsSDGa The gene can produce mutants with altered panicle number and grain shape. These mutants show a significant increase in the number of effective panicles and secondary branches, resulting in increased yield per plant. Simultaneously, grain length is significantly increased, while grain width is correspondingly decreased, thus altering the rice grain shape. This invention demonstrates... OsSDGa Genes can regulate the number and shape of grains per panicle in rice and can be used in hybrid rice breeding to improve the genetic quality of rice yield and grain shape, providing new available gene resources for high-yield rice breeding. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Picture 1 for OsSDGa Gene expression pattern diagram (A in the diagram is...) OsSDGa Quantitative analysis of genes in different tissues of rice; (B) is OsSDGa Chemical staining analysis of promoter-driven GUS reporter genes.

[0034] Picture 2 Design of gene editing vector target sites and genotype detection diagram for the indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao (Figure (A) is...) OsSDGa(a) Gene structure and its CRISPR / Cas9 knockout targets (T1 and T2); (b) Two T1 generation base editing homozygous mutants. ossdga #8 and ossdga Sequencing results for #22: The underlined DNA sequence represents the target PAM (protospace radjacent motif) sequence.

[0035] Picture 3 Huaguang Simiao, an indica rice variety, and its mutants. ossdga The phenotypic results related to the number of grains per ear are shown in the figure (A) shows the wild-type Huaguang Simiao (HG) and the mutant. ossdga #8 and ossdga #22 Pie chart of single-plant yield; (B) shows wild-type Huaguang silk seedlings (HG) and mutants. ossdga #8 and ossdga #22 Spike shape diagram; (C) shows wild-type Huaguang silk seedlings (HG) and mutants. ossdga #8 and ossdga #22 Statistical data on the number of effective spikes, number of secondary branches, and yield per plant agronomical traits of line #22; data are mean ± SD. n =10 plants), asterisks indicate t-tests for significance analysis, ** indicates p <0.01, the difference is extremely significant.

[0036] Picture 4 Huaguang Simiao, an indica rice variety, and its mutants. ossdga The results of the grain shape-related phenotypic results are shown in the figure (A) shows the wild-type Huaguang Simiao (HG) and the mutant. ossdga #8 and ossdga #22 grain length; (B) wild-type Huaguang silk seedling (HG) and mutant ossdga #8 and ossdga #22 grains wide; (C) wild-type *Hylocereus undatus* (HG) and mutant. ossdga #8 and ossdg Statistical data on grain length and width of strain a#22; data are mean ± SD (n=10 strains), asterisks indicate significance analysis t-test, ** indicates p<0.01, the difference is extremely significant). Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in this invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in this technical field, and the reagents and materials used in the following examples are all commercially available.

[0039] The japonica rice variety Nipponbare and the indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao used in the examples were obtained from the laboratory of Liu Yaoguang, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University.

[0040] Example 1 OsSDGa Expression profile analysis This application is based on a rice gene knockout mutant of the indica variety Huaguang Simiao from a CRISPR / Cas9 gene-edited rice gene knockout mutant library, which exhibits mutants in terms of panicle grain number and grain type. Sequencing of the DNA sequence at the target site revealed that this mutant is... Os08g0400000 A recessive mutant is a gene that loses its function due to a frameshift mutation caused by the deletion of a base in an exon. Os08g0400000 The gene encodes an SRA / YDG domain, the nucleotide sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:2.

[0041] In order to analyze OsSDGa To analyze the expression profiles of *Erythrina variegata* seedlings, RNA was extracted from roots, leaves, leaf sheaths, spikelets, pistils, stamens, glumes, and stems. The RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the HiScript III All-in-one RT SuperMix Perfect for qPCR kit (Novozymes). Using the cDNA as a template, primers listed in Table 1 were applied. OsSDGa -qrt-F and OsSDGa -qrt-R, the internal reference gene is UFC1 qRT-PCR was performed, and the amplification system is shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 1 Primers for the reverse transcription system

[0043] Table 2 qRT-PCR reaction system

[0044] qRT-PCR running procedure: 95℃ for 30 s; 95℃ for 5 s, 55℃ for 15 s, 72℃ for 10 s, for a total of 40-45 cycles; melting curve measured at 65℃-95℃.

[0045] The expression levels of the gene were investigated in various tissues using GUS staining experiments. A fusion vector containing the natural OsSDGa promoter and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was constructed and transformed into *Hylocereus undatus* seedlings. Roots, leaves, leaf sheaths, spikelets, pistils, stamens, glumes, and stems of *Hylocereus undatus* seedlings were selected and soaked in GUS staining solution from Zhongke Ruitai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and incubated at 25-37℃ in the dark for 1 hour to overnight. Green tissues such as leaves were transferred to 70% ethanol for decolorization 2-3 times until the wild-type negative control tissue turned white. Different tissues of the transgenic positive plants were imaged using a stereomicroscope.

[0046] The results are as follows Picture 1 As shown, quantitative analysis reveals... OsSDGa It is constitutive expression, and its expression level is highest in the anthers. Picture 1 A). GUS staining results show OsSDGa High expression in anthers, nodes, and young spikelets ( Picture 1 B), which is basically consistent with the spatiotemporal expression spectrum.

[0047] Example 2 OsSDGa Construction and identification of gene knockout mutants 1. OsSDGa Construction of gene knockout mutant rice This invention utilizes CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology to modify the indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao. OsSDGa Target points are designed in the coding region for knockout. Based on... OsSDGa The nucleic acid sequence of the gene, SEQ ID NO:1, is... OsSDGa Two 20 bp sequences were selected from the exons as... OsSDGa Knock out the target. OsSDGa The sequence of exon target 1 (SEQ ID NO:7) is: 5'-TGATTCTGCTGTTCCGGGTG-3'; OsSDGa The sequence of exon target 2 (SEQ ID NO:8) is: 5'-AGGGACCAAATCCAAAGCTG-3'.

[0048] Referring to existing research on publicly available CRISPR / Cas9 vector systems and their operational methods (Ma X., Zhang Q., Zhu Q., Liu W., Chen Y., Qiu R., Wang B., Yang Z., Li H., Lin Y., et al. (2015). A Robust CRISPR / Cas9 System for Convenient, High-Efficiency MultiplexGenome Editing in Monocot and Dicot Plants. Mol Plant 8:1274-1284.), the two target site linker sequences U6a- OsSDGa and U6b- OsSDGa (Target 1 U6a-) OsSDGa The nucleotide sequences of the primers are shown in SEQ ID NO:9-10, with target site 2 U6b- OsSDGa The nucleotide sequences of the primers are shown in SEQ ID NO: 11-12 (specific primer sequences are shown in Table 9). The primers were ligated into the intermediate vectors pLYsgRNA-OsU6a and pLYsgRNA-OsU6b of the guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassette. After PCR amplification of the sgRNA expression cassette fragment, it was ligated into a CRISPR / Cas9 vector. The gene editing vector target design is as follows: Picture 2 As shown in Figure A. The gRNA expression cassette ligation reaction system and PCR amplification system and procedure are shown in Tables 3-6 below.

[0049] Table 3 gRNA expression cassette ligation reaction system

[0050] Table 4. First-round PCR amplification gRNA expression cassette

[0051] The first round of PCR amplification steps are as follows: 95℃ for 2 min; 95℃ for 10 s, 60℃ for 15 s, 72℃ for 20 s, for a total of 26-28 cycles; 72℃ for 5 min.

[0052] Table 5. Second round of PCR amplification of gRNA expression cassette

[0053] Second round PCR amplification steps: 95℃ for 2 min; 95℃ for 10 s, 55℃ for 15 s, 72℃ for 20 s, for a total of 26-28 cycles; 72℃ for 5 min.

[0054] Table 6. Connection between pYLCRISPR / Cas9Pubi-H and gRNA expression cassette

[0055] Cutting and connecting steps: 37℃ for 5 min, 10℃ for 5 min; 20℃ for 5 min, for a total of 16-18 cycles; 37℃ for 5 min.

[0056] The ligation product was transformed into *E. coli* TreliefTM5α, positive clones were identified, and plasmids were extracted and sequenced. The successfully constructed CRISPR / Cas9 vector was transformed into *Agrobacterium* EHA105 and introduced into *E. coli* Huaguang Silky rice seedlings via *Agrobacterium*-mediated transformation to obtain mutant T0 generation plants.

[0057] 2. OsSDGa Identification of gene knockout mutant rice Using the primer pairs in Table 9 below OsSDGa -T1 and OsSDGa -T2 (primer sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO:13-16) A fragment containing the target site of the T1 generation mutant was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The PCR amplification system is shown in Table 7.

[0058] Table 7 PCR reaction amplification system

[0059] PCR amplification program: 94℃ for 5 min; 94℃ for 30 s, 55-60℃ for 30 s, 72℃ for 1 min, for a total of 27-32 cycles; 72℃ for 5 min.

[0060] Table 8 shows the target editing analysis of the T0 generation transgenic plants, indicating that all target sites were successfully edited, and the target genes underwent frameshift mutations. After planting the successfully edited T0 generation plants, individual plants were harvested to obtain T1 generation materials. Genotyping results of the T1 generation edited materials are shown below. Picture 2 Figure B shows the obtained mutant. ossdga -#8、 ossdga -#twenty two, ossdga -#23 OsSDGa All have been edited.

[0061] Table 8 Knockout Mutants OsSDGa Target editing analysis

[0062] In the table, underlined lines represent PAM sequences, and bold lines represent inserted bases.

[0063] Using the primer pairs in Table 9 HPT-F / HPT -R and Cas9 -F / Cas9 PCR was performed using primers -R (primer sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17-20) to amplify the hygromycin resistance gene in the mutant T1 generation plants. HPT and Cas9 Partial gene sequences (separation of T-DNA present and absent in T1 generation lines) were then analyzed by electrophoresis to ultimately screen for transgenic elements that do not carry T-DNA. OsSDGa Mutant.

[0064] Table 9 OsSDGa Construction of knockout vector and detection primers

[0065] Example 3 OsSDGa Analysis of yield-related agronomic traits in gene-edited mutants Wild-type and wild-type Huaguang silk seedlings were respectively compared. ossdga The T1 generation mutants were planted at the Qilinbei Rice Experimental Station of South China Agricultural University. Water and fertilizer conditions were consistent during the planting period. After maturity, normally grown mutants were selected from the control group. ossdga -#8 and ossdga - #22 Two lines and 10 individual plants were used to statistically analyze the number of effective panicles, the number of secondary branches, and the yield per plant.

[0066] The results are as follows Picture 3 As shown, compared with the wild-type indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao, ossdga -#8 and ossdga The number of effective panicles and secondary branches increased significantly in #22, resulting in a yield increase of approximately 13% per plant. Picture 3 A shows OsSDGa Gene-edited mutants ( ossdga -#8 and ossdga The number of grains per ear (-#22) increased significantly; Picture 3 B Display OsSDGa Gene-edited mutants ( ossdga -#8 and ossdga The spike type of #22) shows that, compared with the wild-type Huaguang Simiao, the mutant has significantly more secondary branches; Picture 3 C display OsSDGa Gene-edited mutants ( ossdga -#8 and ossdga The statistical data on the number of effective panicles, the number of secondary branches, and the yield per plant of the mutant (#22) show that the increase in the number of grains per panicle is due to the increase in the number of effective panicles and the number of secondary branches, which in turn leads to an increase in the yield per plant.

[0067] Example 4 OsSDGaAnalysis of agronomic traits related to particle shape in gene-edited mutants Wild-type and wild-type Huaguang silk seedlings were respectively compared. ossdga The T1 generation mutants were planted at the Qilinbei Rice Experimental Station of South China Agricultural University. Water and fertilizer conditions were consistent during the planting period. After maturity, normally grown mutants were selected from the control group. ossdga -#8 and ossdga -#22 Two lines and 10 individual plants were used to statistically analyze grain length and grain width.

[0068] The results are as follows Picture 4 As shown, the mutant exhibits differences compared to the wild-type indica rice variety Huaguang Simiao. ossdga -#8 and ossdga -#22 grains showed a significant increase in length, while grain width decreased accordingly. This indicates that the knockout rice... OsSDGa Genes can be used to alter the shape of rice grains, making them longer.

[0069] In summary, this invention discovered a mutant in the rice cultivar Huaguang Simiao, exhibiting a difference in panicle grain number and grain type, within a rice gene knockout mutant library. Sequencing analysis revealed that this mutant is... Os08g0400000 A recessive mutant is a gene that loses its function due to a frameshift mutation caused by the deletion of a base in an exon. Os08g0400000 The gene encodes an SRA / YDG domain, abbreviated as SRA / YDG. OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence encoding the protein OsSDGa is shown in SEQ ID NO:2. CRISPR / Cas knockout of rice... OsSDGa Editing the gene or its expression regulatory region can increase the number of secondary branches and effective panicles in mutants, leading to an increase in the number of grains per panicle and longer grains. (This is indicated by a knockout effect.) OsSDGa Genes can increase the yield of a single rice plant and change the grain shape of rice, providing new genetic resources for high-yield rice breeding.

[0070] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. OsSDGa The application of genes or encoded proteins in increasing the number of grains per panicle in rice is characterized by, Knock out rice OsSDGa Genes or encoded proteins; the OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

2. OsSDGa The application of genes or encoded proteins in increasing the number of effective panicles and secondary branches in rice is characterized by, Knock out rice OsSDGa Genes or encoded proteins; the OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

3. OsSDGa The application of genes or encoded proteins in altering rice grain shape is characterized by, Knock out rice OsSDGa Genes or encoded proteins; the OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

4. OsSDGa The application of genes or encoded proteins in the construction of transgenic rice with mutant panicle number and grain type is characterized by, Knock out rice OsSDGa Genes or encoded proteins; the OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

5. Knockout OsSDGa The application of agents that express genes or encoded proteins in increasing the number of grains per panicle, the number of effective panicles, and the number of secondary branches in rice is characterized by, The OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

6. Knockout OsSDGa The application of agents that express genes or encoded proteins in altering rice grain shape, characterized in that... The OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

7. Knockout OsSDGa The application of agents that express genes or encoded proteins in the preparation of products that regulate the number and shape of grains per panicle in rice is characterized by, The OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

8. Knockout OsSDGa The application of gene or protein-encoding formulations in the breeding of high-yield and long-grain rice varieties is characterized by, The OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

9. A method for increasing the number of grains per panicle in rice, characterized in that, In rice OsSDGa Gene editing involving site-specific knockout or expression repression yields mutant lines with increased effective panicle number and secondary branch number; OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:

2.

10. A method for changing the grain shape of rice, characterized in that, In rice OsSDGa Gene editing involving site-specific knockout or expression repression yields mutant lines with altered granulation patterns; OsSDGa The nucleotide sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes is shown in SEQ ID NO:2.

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