An automatic frequency-tuned downhole percussion tool, percussion frequency prediction and control method

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic frequency-adjusting downhole impact tool and an impact frequency prediction and control method, wherein the downhole impact tool comprises, from top to bottom, a rotating head, a driving extrusion commutator, a driven extrusion commutator, a moving block, a frequency self-execution system, a control block arranged in the moving block, and a telescopic head connected with the control block; the frequency self-execution system is used for generating a control signal and transmitting the control signal to the control block; the control block is used for controlling the telescopic head to extend or retract; the telescopic head is used for adjusting the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator by extension or retraction; the driving extrusion commutator rotates under the driving of the rotating head, and when the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator increases, the driving extrusion commutator cooperates with multiple driven extrusion commutators to convert the rotary motion into high-frequency axial impact motion and transmit the high-frequency axial impact motion to the moving block. The downhole impact tool can automatically adjust the impact frequency in real time, so that the drill bit can achieve the optimal rock breaking effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling engineering technology, and in particular to an automatic frequency-adjustable downhole impact tool, and an impact frequency prediction and control method. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas resources are gradually explored to deeper formations, the number of deep wells is increasing. However, the drilling process in deep formations presents more and more complex challenges. Increased well depth leads to increased rock hardness, gradually reducing drillability and resulting in less than ideal mechanical drilling speed and service life of the drill bit. Research shows that applying a certain amount of impact to the drill bit can effectively increase its rock-breaking energy and reduce stick-slip vibration, thereby significantly improving its rock-breaking efficiency and lifespan.

[0003] However, the parameters such as the impact frequency of existing downhole impact tools are basically fixed after entering the well and cannot be automatically adjusted in real time. For complex formation conditions, different formation lithologies require different optimal impact frequencies. A fixed impact frequency often fails to enable the drill bit to achieve the best rock-breaking effect, resulting in low rock-breaking efficiency and low drill bit service life.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This specification provides an automatic frequency-adjustable downhole impact tool, impact frequency prediction and control method to solve the problem that existing downhole impact tools cannot automatically adjust their impact frequency in real time, resulting in the drill bit failing to achieve the optimal rock-breaking effect.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this specification provides an automatically frequency-tuned downhole impact tool, comprising, from top to bottom:

[0007] The system includes a rotating head, an active extrusion commutator, a driven extrusion commutator, a moving block, and a frequency self-actuating system. The moving block is equipped with a control block, which is connected to the telescopic head.

[0008] The frequency self-executing system is used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block; the control block is used to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic head; the telescopic head is used to adjust the number of driven extrusion commutators by extension and retraction; the active extrusion commutator rotates under the drive of the rotating head, and when the number of driven extrusion commutators increases, the active extrusion commutator cooperates with multiple driven extrusion commutators to convert the rotational motion into high-frequency axial impact motion and transmit it to the moving block.

[0009] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0010] Signal lines, controllers, power supplies, and frequency self-decision-making systems;

[0011] The frequency self-execution system is connected to the frequency self-decision system; the frequency self-decision system is located below the controller and is used to generate a frequency change signal and send the frequency change signal to the frequency self-execution system; the frequency self-execution system is located below the power supply; the power supply is located below the moving block and is used to supply power to the control block, controller, frequency self-decision system, and frequency self-execution system; the signal line is located between the control block and the controller and is used to transmit the control signal received by the controller to the control block;

[0012] Accordingly, the frequency self-executing system is used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block, including:

[0013] The frequency self-executing system is used to convert the frequency change signal into a control signal and transmit the control signal to the controller, so that when the controller is powered by the power supply, it transmits the control signal to the control block through the signal line.

[0014] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0015] Outer casing, screw, reversing shaft, connecting plate, and connecting plate flow channel;

[0016] The screw is disposed inside the outer sleeve and is used to cooperate with the outer sleeve when the drilling fluid flows through the annulus between the outer sleeve and the screw, so as to start rotating under the drive of the drilling fluid; the reversing shaft is disposed at the lower part of the screw and is used to convert the non-concentric rotational motion of the screw into concentric rotational motion; the connecting plate is disposed at the lower part of the reversing shaft and is used to connect the rotating head and the reversing shaft; the flow channel of the connecting plate is disposed on the connecting plate and is used to circulate the drilling fluid; the rotating head is disposed at the lower part of the connecting plate and is used to transmit the concentric rotational motion of the reversing shaft.

[0017] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0018] Filter screen cylinder, limit nut, filter screen and support cylinder;

[0019] The filter screen cylinder is located at the top of the downhole impact tool and is used to support the internal components; the limiting nut is connected to the filter screen cylinder and is used to fix the lower filter screen; the filter screen is installed on the internal step of the filter screen cylinder and is limited by the limiting nut to filter large particles in the drilling fluid; the support cylinder is located at the bottom of the filter screen cylinder and is used to support the internal components; the outer sleeve is located on the inner surface of the support cylinder, and the surface of the outer sleeve is wavy and made of elastic or metallic material.

[0020] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0021] First bearing, second bearing, and rotary head flow channel;

[0022] The first bearing is located outside the rotating head and inside the support cylinder to straighten the rotating head and allow it to rotate freely; the second bearing is located below the first bearing, outside the rotating head and inside the support cylinder, to straighten the rotating head and allow it to rotate freely; the rotating head flow channel is located inside the rotating head to receive the drilling fluid flowing through the connecting plate flow channel and continue to transport it downwards.

[0023] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0024] The active extrusion commutator rotates under the drive of the rotating head. When the number of driven extrusion commutators decreases, the active extrusion commutator and the driven extrusion commutator cooperate to convert the rotational motion into a low-frequency axial impact motion and transmit it to the moving block.

[0025] In some embodiments, the active extrusion commutator and the driven extrusion commutator are quarter-sphere structures.

[0026] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0027] Fixed sleeve, spiral groove and spline;

[0028] The fixed sleeve is disposed inside the support cylinder to fix the internal parts; the moving block is disposed inside the fixed sleeve to transmit impact motion; the spiral groove is disposed inside the fixed sleeve to cooperate with the spiral structure of the moving block to realize the spiral motion of the moving block; the spline is disposed outside the moving block to cooperate with the spline groove on the fixed sleeve to realize the free up and down impact motion of the moving block.

[0029] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0030] Drive shaft, universal joint, support spring, impact shaft, and large spring;

[0031] The drive shaft is located at the lower part of the frequency self-decision system and is used to transmit the impact motion of the moving block to the universal joint. The universal joint is located between the drive shaft and the impact shaft to prevent damage to the drive shaft and the impact shaft when they are not concentric. The support spring is located between the drive shaft and the impact shaft to provide rebound power to the driven extrusion commutator and to buffer the drive shaft. The impact shaft is located at the lower part of the universal joint and is connected to the drill bit body to transmit the impact motion to the drill bit. The large spring is located at the lower part of the impact shaft to provide rebound power to the impact shaft and to buffer the impact shaft.

[0032] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool further includes:

[0033] Sealing cylinders, packing, O-rings, and combination seals;

[0034] The sealing cylinder is located at the lower part of the support cylinder and is used to install the internal sealing structure and support the upper structure; the packing is located between the sealing cylinder and the impact shaft; the O-ring is located at the lower part of the packing and between the sealing cylinder and the impact shaft; the combined seal is located at the lower part of the O-ring and between the sealing cylinder and the impact shaft; the packing, O-ring and combined seal are all used to seal the drilling fluid inside and outside the downhole impact tool.

[0035] This specification provides an automatically frequency-adjustable downhole impact tool, comprising, from top to bottom: a rotary head, an active compression commutator, a driven compression commutator, a moving block, and a frequency self-actuating system. The moving block contains a control block connected to a telescopic head. The frequency self-actuating system generates control signals and transmits these signals to the control block. The control block controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic head. The telescopic head adjusts the number of driven compression commutators in operation through its extension and retraction. The active compression commutator rotates under the drive of the rotary head. As the number of driven compression commutators in operation increases, the active compression commutator, in conjunction with multiple driven compression commutators, converts the rotational motion into high-frequency axial impact motion and transmits it to the moving block. By setting a control block inside the moving block, which is connected to the telescopic head, and a frequency self-execution system at the bottom of the moving block, the frequency self-execution system can control the control block according to the generated control signal, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic head, and then controlling the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator. Ultimately, real-time automatic control of the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool is achieved, which can enable the drill bit to achieve the optimal rock breaking effect, significantly improve the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit, increase the working life of the drill bit, improve the applicability of the downhole impact tool, and reduce drilling costs.

[0036] This specification also provides an impact frequency prediction method based on the aforementioned downhole impact tool. The method includes: inputting drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation into an impact frequency prediction model, outputting a target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation, wherein the target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold, and the target impact frequency is input into a frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system is used to determine whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, a frequency change signal is generated based on the target impact frequency and sent to a frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system is used to generate a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impactor frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples. By training a BP neural network model, a well-trained impact frequency prediction model is obtained. Based on the impact frequency prediction model, the drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation can be processed, and the target impact frequency of the current drilling formation can be predicted accurately and efficiently. This enables the frequency self-decision system to process the signal in a timely manner, and the frequency self-execution system to generate control signals in a timely manner, ultimately realizing the automatic real-time control of the impact frequency of downhole impact tools.

[0037] This specification also provides an impact frequency control method based on the aforementioned downhole impact tool. The method includes: when a frequency self-decision system determines that the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, it generates corresponding level frequency change signals at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency and sends these signals to a frequency self-execution system; the frequency self-execution system determines the execution priority based on the different levels of the frequency change signals, and based on the execution priority, uses a control algorithm to determine the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts, and generates a control signal based on the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts; according to the control signal, it adjusts the working quantity of the driven compression commutator, and controls the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool based on the adjusted working quantity of the driven compression commutator. By generating multi-level frequency change signals and determining the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts according to the frequency change signals and based on the control algorithm, the applicability of the control method can be improved, thereby improving the applicability of the impact tool and reducing drilling costs. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatically frequency-tuned downhole impact tool provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion reversing mechanism provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the prediction process for the optimal impactor frequency provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the BP neural network provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process for controlling the impact frequency provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of an impact frequency prediction device provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of an impact frequency control device provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the impact frequency prediction electronic device provided in the embodiments of this specification;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the impact frequency control electronic device provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0049] 1. Filter screen cylinder; 2. Limit nut; 3. Filter screen; 4. Support cylinder; 5. Outer sleeve; 6. Screw; 7. Reversing shaft; 8. Connecting disc; 9. Connecting disc flow channel; 10. Rotating head; 11. Bearing #1; 12. Bearing #2; 13. Rotating head flow channel; 14. Active extrusion reversing device; 15. Fixed sleeve; 16. Moving block; 17. Driven extrusion reversing device; 18. Spiral groove; 19. Spline; 20. Control block; 21. Telescopic head; 22. Limit groove; 23. Signal line; 24. Small spring; 25. Controller; 26. Power supply; 27. Frequency self-decision system; 28. Frequency execution system; 29. ​​Drive shaft; 30. Universal joint; 31. Support spring; 32. Impact shaft; 33. Large spring; 34. Sealing cylinder; 35. Packing; 36. O-ring; 37. Combination seal. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0051] See Figure 1 As shown in the illustration, this specification provides an automatically frequency-tuned downhole impact tool. The downhole impact tool may include:

[0052] The rotating head 10, the active extrusion commutator 14, the driven extrusion commutator 17, the moving block 16, and the frequency self-actuating system 28 are provided. The moving block 16 is equipped with a control block 20, which is connected to the telescopic head 21.

[0053] The frequency self-executing system 28 is used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block 20; the control block 20 is used to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21; the telescopic head 21 is used to adjust the number of working driven extrusion commutators 17 by extension and retraction; the active extrusion commutator 14 rotates under the drive of the rotating head 10, and when the number of working driven extrusion commutators 17 increases, the active extrusion commutator 14 cooperates with multiple driven extrusion commutators 17 to convert the rotational motion into high-frequency axial impact motion and transmit it to the moving block 16.

[0054] Specifically, the rotating head 10 can be used to transmit rotary motion. The active compression reversing device 14 can be located at the lower part of the rotating head 10 and threadedly connected to it. The active compression reversing device 14 is a key component for converting rotary motion into impact motion. The moving block 16 can be used to transmit impact motion and can be equipped with a control device. Specifically, a control block 20 can be installed inside the moving block 16, threadedly connected to it. The control block 20 is also connected to the telescopic head 21 and can be used to control its extension and retraction. The telescopic head 21 can adjust the number of working units of the driven compression reversing device 17 by extending and retracting. The driven compression reversing device 17 can be located between the active compression reversing device 14 and the moving block 16. The driven compression reversing device 17, in conjunction with the active compression reversing device 14, can convert the rotary motion of the downhole impact tool into axial impact motion. As the number of working units of the driven compression reversing device 17 increases, it converts into high-frequency axial impact motion. The frequency self-executing system 28 can be located at the lower part of the moving block 16. The frequency self-executing system 28 can be used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block 20.

[0055] By setting a control block 20 inside the moving block 16, and connecting the telescopic head 21 to the moving block 16, and setting a frequency self-execution system 28 at the lower part of the moving block 16, the frequency self-execution system 28 can control the control block 20 according to the generated control signal, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21, and thus controlling the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator 17. Ultimately, real-time automatic control of the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool is achieved, which can enable the drill bit to achieve the optimal rock breaking effect, significantly improve the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit, improve the applicability of the downhole impact tool, and reduce drilling costs.

[0056] In some embodiments, the driven extrusion reversing device 17 may be provided with a limiting groove 22. When the telescopic head 21 extends, it can enter the limiting groove 22 of the driven extrusion reversing device 17 to fix the driven extrusion reversing device 17. When the telescopic head 21 retracts, it retracts into the moving block 16, at which point the driven extrusion reversing device 17 becomes movable. Thus, the number of driven extrusion reversing devices 17 in operation can be adjusted by telescoping. Multiple driven extrusion reversing devices 17 can be arranged around the moving block 16. Increasing the number of driven extrusion reversing devices 17 can increase the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. By controlling the number of driven extrusion reversing devices 17 extending, the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool can be controlled.

[0057] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0058] Signal line 23, controller 25, power supply 26, and frequency self-decision system 27;

[0059] The frequency self-execution system 28 is connected to the frequency self-decision system 27; the frequency self-decision system 27 is located below the controller 25 and is used to generate a frequency change signal and send the frequency change signal to the frequency self-execution system 28; the frequency self-execution system 28 is located below the power supply 26; the power supply 26 is located below the moving block 16 and is used to supply power to the control block 20, the controller 25, the frequency self-decision system 27, and the frequency self-execution system 28; the signal line 23 is located between the control block 20 and the controller 25 and is used to transmit the control signal received by the controller 25 to the control block 20.

[0060] Accordingly, the frequency self-executing system 28 described above, used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block 20, may include:

[0061] The frequency self-executing system 28 is used to convert the frequency change signal into a control signal and transmit the control signal to the controller 25, so that when the controller 25 is powered by the power supply 26, the control signal is transmitted to the control block 20 through the signal line 23.

[0062] Specifically, the frequency self-execution system 28 is connected to the frequency self-decision system 27. The frequency self-decision system 27 is located below the controller 25, and the frequency self-execution system 28 is located below the power supply 26. The controller 25 is located next to the power supply 26, which can be located below the moving block 16. The frequency self-decision system 27 can be used to perform decision analysis on the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool, generating an optimal frequency signal (or frequency change signal) and transmitting it to the frequency execution system 28. The frequency execution system 28 converts the frequency change signal into a control signal, which can be transmitted to the controller 25. This control signal is used to control the controller 25 to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21. The power supply 26 can supply power or energy to the control block 20, controller 25, frequency self-decision system 27, and frequency self-execution system 28. The signal line can be located between the control block 20 and the controller 25. When the controller 25 is powered, it receives and processes the control signal, and can transmit the processed control signal to the control block 20 through the signal line 23, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21.

[0063] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0064] 5. Outer casing; 6. Screw; 7. Reversing shaft; 8. Connecting plate; and 9. Connecting plate flow channel;

[0065] The screw 6 is disposed inside the outer sleeve 5 and is used to cooperate with the outer sleeve 5 to begin rotating under the drive of the drilling fluid when the drilling fluid flows through the annulus between the outer sleeve 5 and the screw 6. The reversing shaft 7 is disposed at the lower part of the screw 6 and is used to convert the non-concentric rotational motion of the screw 6 into concentric rotational motion. The connecting disc 8 is disposed at the lower part of the reversing shaft 7 and is used to connect the rotating head 10 and the reversing shaft 7. The flow channel 9 of the connecting disc is disposed on the connecting disc 8 and is used to circulate the drilling fluid. The rotating head 10 is disposed at the lower part of the connecting disc 8 and is used to transmit the concentric rotational motion of the reversing shaft 7.

[0066] Specifically, the outer sleeve 5 has a wavy surface and is made of elastic or metallic material. The outer sleeve 5 can be used in conjunction with the inner screw 6. The screw 6 is located inside the outer sleeve 5, and its surface is helical. The screw 6 is made of metallic material and can be used in conjunction with the outer sleeve 5. When drilling fluid flows through the annulus between the outer sleeve 5 and the screw 6, the helical engagement between the screw 6 and the outer sleeve 5 generates a force that drives the screw 6 to rotate. The reversing shaft 7 can be located at the lower part of the screw 6 and is threadedly connected to it. When the screw 6 rotates, the head of the screw 6 moves out of concentricity; the reversing shaft 7 can convert this out-of-concentric motion into a concentric motion. The connecting disc 8 can be located at the lower part of the reversing shaft 7 and is threadedly connected to it. It can be used to connect the reversing shaft 7 and the rotating head 10. Flow channels 9 are located on the connecting disc 8 and are evenly distributed around the reversing shaft 7, allowing drilling fluid to flow through them. The rotating head 10 can be located at the lower part of the connecting plate 8 and fixedly connected to the active extrusion commutator 14, and can be used to transmit the concentric rotational motion of the commutator shaft 7.

[0067] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0068] Filter cylinder 1, limit nut 2, filter screen 3, and support cylinder 4;

[0069] The filter cylinder 1 is located at the top of the downhole impact tool and is used to support the internal parts; the limiting nut 2 is connected to the filter cylinder 1 and is used to fix the filter 3 at the bottom; the filter 3 is installed on the internal step of the filter cylinder 1 and is limited by the limiting nut 2, and is used to filter large particles in the drilling fluid; the support cylinder 4 is located at the bottom of the filter cylinder 1 and is used to support the internal parts; the outer sleeve 5 is located on the inner surface of the support cylinder 4, and the surface of the outer sleeve 5 is wavy and made of elastic or metallic material.

[0070] Specifically, the filter cylinder 1 is located at the top of the downhole impact tool and serves to support internal components. The limiting nut 2 is an internal hexagonal nut that can be threaded onto the filter cylinder 1 and is used to secure the lower filter screen 3. The filter screen 3 can be installed on the internal step of the filter cylinder 1 and is limited by the limiting nut 2. This allows it to filter large particles in the drilling fluid, preventing blockage or significant erosion of the downhole impact tool's flow channels. The support cylinder 4 is located at the bottom of the filter cylinder 1 and serves to support internal components. The aforementioned outer sleeve 5 can be installed on the inner surface of the support cylinder 4.

[0071] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0072] First bearing 11, second bearing 12 and rotary head flow channel 13;

[0073] The first bearing 11 is disposed outside the rotating head 10 and inside the support cylinder 4, and is used to straighten the rotating head 10 so that the rotating head 10 can rotate freely; the second bearing 12 is disposed below the first bearing 11 and outside the rotating head 10 and inside the support cylinder 4, and is used to straighten the rotating head 10 so that the rotating head 10 can rotate freely; the rotating head flow channel 13 is disposed inside the rotating head 10, and is used to receive the drilling fluid flowing through the connecting plate flow channel 9 and continue to transmit it downward.

[0074] Specifically, the first bearing 11 and the second bearing 12 can make the internal rotational movement of the downhole impact tool more centered. The first bearing 11 can be set outside the rotating head 10 and inside the support cylinder 4, and can be used to straighten the rotating head 10, allowing it to rotate freely. The second bearing 12 can be set below the first bearing 11 and outside the rotating head 10 and inside the support cylinder 4, and can be used to straighten the rotating head 10 and withstand the axial force of the downhole impact tool, ensuring that the rotating head 10 can rotate freely. A rotating head flow channel 13 can be set inside the rotating head 10, which can be used to receive the drilling fluid flowing through the connecting plate flow channel 9 and continue to transmit it downwards.

[0075] In some embodiments, the active extrusion commutator 14 rotates under the drive of the rotating head 10. When the number of working units of the driven extrusion commutator 17 decreases, the active extrusion commutator 14 and the driven extrusion commutator 17 cooperate to convert the rotational motion into a low-frequency axial impact motion and transmit it to the moving block 16.

[0076] Specifically, the number of working components of the driven extrusion reversing device 17 can be adjusted based on the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21, thereby adjusting the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. When the telescopic head 21 extends, the driven extrusion reversing device 17 is locked in place, increasing the number of working components and increasing the impact frequency, thus converting the rotational motion of the rotating head 10 into high-frequency axial impact motion. When the telescopic head 21 retracts, the driven extrusion reversing device 17 moves, decreasing the number of working components and decreasing the impact frequency, thus converting the rotational motion of the rotating head 10 into low-frequency axial impact motion. High-frequency axial impact motion is suitable for drilling in hard rock formations, while low-frequency axial impact motion is suitable for drilling in soft formations. High frequency can be a frequency higher than the current impact frequency, and low frequency can be a frequency lower than the current impact frequency; this specification does not specifically limit this.

[0077] In some embodiments, the active extrusion commutator 14 and the driven extrusion commutator 17 are quarter-sphere structures.

[0078] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0079] Fixed sleeve 15, spiral groove 18 and spline 19;

[0080] The fixed sleeve 15 is disposed inside the support cylinder 4 and is used to fix the internal parts; the movable block 16 is disposed inside the fixed sleeve 15 and is used to transmit impact motion; the spiral groove 18 is disposed inside the fixed sleeve 15 and is used to cooperate with the spiral structure of the movable block 16 to realize the spiral motion of the movable block 16; the spline 19 is disposed outside the movable block 16 and cooperates with the spline groove on the fixed sleeve 15 to realize the free up and down impact motion of the movable block 16.

[0081] Specifically, the fixed sleeve 15 can be disposed inside the support cylinder 4 to fix the internal parts. The movable block 16 can be disposed inside the fixed sleeve 15 to transmit impact motion. The spiral groove 18 can be disposed inside the fixed sleeve 15, and is a spiral groove that cooperates with the spiral structure of the movable block 16 to realize the spiral movement of the movable block 16. The spline 19 can be disposed outside the movable block 16 and cooperates with the spline 19 groove on the fixed sleeve 15 to ensure that the movable block 16 can move freely up and down in impact motion.

[0082] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include a small spring 24, which is located between the driven extrusion commutator 14 and the power supply 26 and can be used to control the rebound and retraction of the driven extrusion commutator 14.

[0083] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0084] Drive shaft 29, universal joint 30, support spring 31, impact shaft 32 and large spring 33;

[0085] The drive shaft 29 is located at the lower part of the frequency self-decision system 27 and is used to transmit the impact motion of the moving block 16 to the universal joint 30. The universal joint 30 is located between the drive shaft 29 and the impact shaft 32 and is used to prevent damage to the drive shaft 29 and the impact shaft 32 when they are not concentric. The support spring 31 is located between the drive shaft 29 and the impact shaft 32 and is used to provide rebound power to the driven extrusion commutator 17 and to buffer the drive shaft 29. The impact shaft 32 is located at the lower part of the universal joint 30 and is connected to the drill bit body. It is used to transmit the impact motion to the drill bit. The large spring 33 is located at the lower part of the impact shaft 32 and is used to provide rebound power to the impact shaft 32 and to buffer the impact shaft 32.

[0086] Specifically, the drive shaft 29 is located below the frequency self-decision system 27, transmitting the impact motion of the moving block 16 to the universal joint 30. The universal joint 30 can be positioned between the drive shaft 29 and the impact shaft 32, preventing uneven wear and damage to both shafts when they are not concentric. A support spring 31 can be positioned between the drive shaft 29 and the impact shaft 32, providing rebound force to the driven extrusion commutator 17 and cushioning the drive shaft 29, reducing impact on the drive shaft 29 and its components. The impact shaft 32 is located below the universal joint 30 and connected to the drill bit body, directly transmitting the impact motion to the drill bit. The impact shaft 32 has an ear structure to prevent it from falling off. A large spring 33 is located below the impact shaft 32, providing rebound force and cushioning it, protecting the impact shaft 32 and preventing upper components from jamming.

[0087] In some embodiments, the downhole impact tool may further include:

[0088] 34 sealing cylinder, 35 packing, 36 O-ring and 37 combined seal;

[0089] The sealing cylinder 34 is located at the lower part of the support cylinder 4 and is used to install the internal sealing structure and support the upper structure; the packing 35 is located between the sealing cylinder 34 and the impact shaft 31; the O-ring 36 is located at the lower part of the packing 35 and between the sealing cylinder 34 and the impact shaft 31; the combined seal 37 is located at the lower part of the O-ring 36 and between the sealing cylinder 34 and the impact shaft 31; the packing 35, the O-ring 36 and the combined seal 37 are all used to seal the drilling fluid inside and outside the downhole impact tool.

[0090] Specifically, the sealing cylinder 34 can be located at the lower part of the support cylinder 4, serving to install the internal sealing structure and support the upper structure. The packing 35 can be located between the sealing cylinder 34 and the impact shaft 32, sealing the drilling fluid inside and outside the downhole impact tool as the first seal for high-pressure drilling fluid. The O-ring 36 can be located between the impact shaft 32 and the sealing cylinder 34, sealing the drilling fluid inside and outside the downhole impact tool as the second seal for high-pressure drilling fluid. The combined seal 37 can be located between the impact shaft 32 and the sealing cylinder 34, sealing the drilling fluid inside and outside the downhole impact tool as the third seal for high-pressure drilling fluid.

[0091] See Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the extrusion reversing mechanism provided in the embodiments of this specification shows that the structure consisting of the active extrusion reversing device 14, the driven extrusion reversing device 17, the spiral groove 18, the spline 19, the frequency self-decision system 27, the frequency execution system 28, the drive shaft 29, the universal joint 30, and the support spring 31 can be regarded as the extrusion reversing mechanism. Power can be provided by driving the screw 6 to rotate using drilling fluid, and the extrusion reversing mechanism converts the rotational motion of the screw 6 into the impact motion of the downhole impact tool.

[0092] Specifically, when the active extrusion commutator 14 rotates under the drive of the rotating head 10, and the linear structure of the active extrusion commutator 14 contacts the linear structure of the driven extrusion commutator 17, as the active extrusion commutator 14 rotates and extrudes, the linear structure of the driven extrusion commutator 17 begins to move downward under the extrusion action of the active extrusion commutator 14, driving the moving block 16 to rotate downward along the spiral groove 18. When it reaches the apex of the linear structure of the driven extrusion commutator 17, it begins to move upward under the action of the support spring 31 and the large spring 33, and the active extrusion commutator... The arc structure 14 initially contacts the arc structure of the driven extrusion commutator 17. The driven extrusion commutator 17 rises along the arc structure. When the straight structure of the active extrusion commutator 14 contacts the straight structure of the driven extrusion commutator 17 again, the moving block 16 begins to move downward and then upward, forming a reciprocating cycle. Multiple driven extrusion commutators 17 can be arranged around the moving block 16. Increasing the number of driven extrusion commutators 17 can increase the impact frequency of the tool. By controlling the number of extended driven extrusion commutators 17, the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool can be controlled.

[0093] When the drilling parameter sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, the frequency execution system 28 first receives the optimal frequency signal or frequency change signal from the wellhead or the frequency self-decision system 27. After receiving the signal, the frequency execution system 28 converts the optimal frequency signal or frequency change signal into a control signal for the number of times the telescopic head 21 opens through the control algorithm, and transmits the control signal to the controller 25. The controller 25 receives and processes the signal, and then transmits the processed control signal to the control block 20 through the signal line 23. The control block 20 controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21 through the electronic control system. After the telescopic head 21 extends, under the action of the small spring 24, the support spring 31, and the large spring 33, the telescopic head 21 aligns with the limiting groove 22 and enters the limiting groove 22, locking and fixing the driven extrusion reversing device 17, thereby realizing the adjustment of the working quantity of the driven extrusion reversing device 17 and thus realizing the real-time automatic control of the tool impact frequency.

[0094] The automatic frequency-adjustable downhole impact tool provided by this invention uses drilling fluid to drive the screw 6 to rotate. The rotational motion of the screw 6 is converted into tool impact motion through the cooperation of the active compression commutator 14 and the driven compression commutator 17. The optimal frequency signal or frequency change signal is received by the frequency self-decision system 27, and the frequency self-execution system 28 generates a control signal and transmits it to the controller 25. This controls the extension and retraction of the telescopic head 21, thereby adjusting the working quantity of the driven compression commutator, thus achieving automatic real-time adjustment or control of the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. The small spring 24, support spring 31, and large spring 33 provide buffering to prevent the impact tool from jamming. Furthermore, the sealing cylinder 34, packing 35, O-ring 36, and combined seal 37 (sealing support structure) prevent the impact rod from falling off and achieve high-pressure sealing of the drilling fluid by the downhole impact tool. This invention can adjust the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in real time according to different formation lithology and construction parameters, so as to achieve the optimal rock breaking effect of the drill bit, significantly improve the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit, improve the applicability of the impact tool, and reduce drilling costs.

[0095] This specification also provides an impact frequency prediction method based on the aforementioned downhole impact tool. In specific implementation, the method may include:

[0096] The drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation are input into the impact frequency prediction model, which outputs the target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation. The target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold. The target impact frequency is input into the frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system is used to determine whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, a frequency change signal is generated based on the target impact frequency and sent to the frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system is used to generate a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool.

[0097] The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impact frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples.

[0098] For details, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the preprocessed sensitivity analysis input parameters, such as drilling pressure T and drill pipe rotation speed r, can be used. p Stratigraphy and Lithology X i Rock strength (CCS), wellbore diameter (D) h ρ, mud density d Current impact frequency f i The friction coefficient μ and rock breaking efficiency E (collectively referred to as the aforementioned drilling sensitivity parameter samples) are input into the BP neural network model (i.e., the artificial neural network mathematical analysis model) to train the BP neural network model. When the number of training iterations reaches the maximum or the training error is less than a preset error threshold, the trained BP neural network model can be used as the aforementioned impact frequency prediction model. Then, the drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation can be input into the impact frequency prediction model to output the target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation. If the target impact frequency is greater than the preset impact frequency threshold, it is considered the optimal impact frequency, which can be the impact frequency corresponding to the optimal drilling rate.

[0099] After obtaining the optimal impact frequency, it can be input into the frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system can determine whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, it generates a frequency change signal based on the target impact frequency and sends it to the frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system can then control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool based on the frequency change signal. For example, if the frequency self-decision system determines that the current impact frequency is not suitable for the current drilling formation and cannot achieve the optimal rock-breaking effect of the drill bit in the current formation, then the predicted optimal impact frequency can be used to replace the current impact frequency. That is, a frequency change signal can be generated based on the target impact frequency and sent to the frequency self-execution system, thereby enabling the frequency self-execution system to generate a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool.

[0100] In some embodiments, the above-described BP neural network model employs a three-layer BP network, i.e., a BP network containing one hidden layer. The network model input to the hidden layer uses a non-linear S-function (tansig function) to achieve a non-linear mapping, while the input to the output layer uses a linear function (purelin function) to achieve arbitrary outputs within the real number range. The model input and output parameters can be 9 and 1, respectively, and the number of nodes in the network input and output layers can be 9 and 1, respectively. The formula for the optimal number of hidden layer nodes can be as follows:

[0101]

[0102] Where n1 is the optimal number of hidden layer nodes; m is the number of output neurons; n is the number of input neurons; and a is a constant between [1, 10].

[0103] n1 = log2n

[0104] Where n1 is the optimal number of hidden layer nodes; n is the number of input neurons.

[0105] The program in the Matlab environment can be as follows:

[0106] clc

[0107] clear

[0108] P = [Drilling sensitivity parameter of the current formation being drilled] % Input data

[0109] t = [Target impact frequency]% Target data

[0110] [pn,minp,maxp,tn,mint,maxt] = premnmx(p,t); % Normalization

[0111] net = newff(minmax(pn),[s(i),1],{'tansig','purelin'},'trainlm'); % Create a BP network

[0112] net.train Param.mu = 0.001; % Set network training parameters

[0113] net.train Param.show = 10;

[0114] net.train Param.mu_dec=0.2;

[0115] net.train Param.mu_inc=10;

[0116] net.train Param.epochs=1000;

[0117] net.train Param.goal=0.00001;

[0118] net = initlay(net); % Initialize the network

[0119] [net,tr] = train(net,pn,tn); % Train the network

[0120] save minmax minp maxp mint maxt; % Save sample extreme values

[0121] save awj ANNnet net; % Save network

[0122] See Figure 4 As shown, a BP neural network model can include an input layer (I), a hidden layer (J), and an output layer (M). The input layer can receive the drilling pressure T and the drill pipe rotation speed r. p Stratigraphy and Lithology X i Rock strength (CCS), wellbore diameter (D) h ρ, mud density d Current impact frequency f i The model analyzes parameters such as the friction coefficient μ and the rock breaking efficiency E, and then transmits the above data, with 9 input neurons. The hidden layer can combine the low-dimensional features of the input layer into a higher-level abstract representation. By introducing nonlinearity through activation functions (such as ReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh), the network can fit complex functions. The transition from the input layer to the hidden layer involves weights w. if The weights w are involved from the hidden layer to the output layer. jm Hidden layers can be accessed via w ifThe activation function extracts nonlinear features from the input data of the input layer, and the output layer then uses w... jm The final prediction result is output, that is, the optimal impact frequency V = optf. i The optimal impact frequency can be determined using the following formula:

[0123] optf i =F(T, r) p X i , CCS, D h ρ d f i 、μ、E)

[0124] The prediction program for loading the optimal impact frequency of the target stratum can be:

[0125] clc

[0126] clear all

[0127] p1 = xlsread('parameter.xls', 'B2:K7'); % Load prediction parameters

[0128] load minmax; % Load sample extreme values

[0129] p1n = tramnmx(p1, minp, maxp); % Normalization

[0130] load awj ANNnet net; % Load the BP network

[0131] yn = sim(net, p1n); % Simulate network

[0132] y = postmnmx(yn, mint, maxt); % Inverse normalization

[0133] V = optf i % Output Predicted Optimal Impact Frequency

[0134] This specification also provides an impact frequency control method based on the aforementioned downhole impact tool. In specific implementation, the method may include:

[0135] When the frequency self-decision system determines that the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, it generates a frequency change signal of the corresponding level at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency and sends it to the frequency self-execution system.

[0136] The frequency self-executing system determines the execution priority by changing the signal at different levels according to the frequency. Based on the execution priority, it uses a control algorithm to determine the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts, and generates a control signal based on the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts.

[0137] Based on the control signal, the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator is adjusted, and based on the adjusted working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator, the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool is controlled.

[0138] Specifically, if the frequency self-decision system determines that the current impact frequency is not suitable for the current drilling formation and cannot achieve the optimal rock-breaking effect for the drill bit in the current formation, then the predicted optimal impact frequency can be used to replace the current impact frequency and generate a corresponding frequency change signal. Specifically, for the wellhead, the target impact frequency at the wellhead can be used to generate a first-level frequency change signal; for the downhole, the target impact frequency can be used to generate a second-level frequency change signal; and for adjacent wells, the target impact frequency can be used to generate a third-level frequency change signal. The priority of processing these frequency change signals is: first-level frequency change signal > second-level frequency change signal > third-level frequency change signal.

[0139] The frequency execution system prioritizes the processing of the three signals as follows:

[0140] Level 1: Wellhead analysis involves changing the signal by applying a corresponding impact frequency to the drilling fluid at the wellhead;

[0141] Level 2: The downhole frequency self-decision system derives the frequency change signal through sensitivity analysis of drilling parameters;

[0142] Level 3: The drilling parameter sensitivity information of the well is input into the frequency self-decision system in advance and analyzed to obtain the frequency change signal.

[0143] When a first-level frequency change signal is received, the first-level signal is executed; if no first-level frequency change signal is received, the second-level frequency change signal is processed; if neither the first nor the second-level frequency change signal is received, the third-level frequency change signal is processed.

[0144] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned determination of the telescopic head extension / retraction amount based on execution priority using a control algorithm may specifically include:

[0145] Determine the extension / retraction amount of the telescopic head using the following formula:

[0146]

[0147] When no frequency change signal is received, the extension / retraction quantity N of the telescopic head can be determined based on the current impact frequency (constant). When a frequency change signal is received, the extension / retraction quantity N of the telescopic head can be determined based on the frequency change signal according to the formula above, where optf i The optimal impact frequency (which can be a frequency-changing signal) is q, where q is the motor displacement per revolution and Q is the drilling fluid displacement.

[0148] When no frequency change signal is received, the extension / retraction amount N of the telescopic head can be determined based on the current impact frequency (constant), as follows:

[0149] The frequency execution system analyzes the constant and, in conjunction with the drilling fluid displacement Q and the motor displacement per revolution q, determines the extension and retraction length N of the telescopic head using the following formula:

[0150]

[0151] r = Q / q

[0152] Where n is the number of driven extrusion commutators, which is equivalent to the number of times the telescopic head extends or retracts (N); optf i q is the optimal impact frequency; r is the rotational speed of the active compression commutator; q is the displacement per revolution of the motor; Q is the drilling fluid displacement.

[0153] After calculating the number N of telescopic head extension and retraction, the telescopic head opening quantity signal or the telescopic head extension and retraction quantity signal (i.e., the control signal mentioned above) can be transmitted to the controller, which then transmits it to the control block.

[0154] It should be noted that when the optimal impact frequency is greater than the current impact frequency, the telescopic head extends N telescopic heads; when the optimal impact frequency is less than the current impact frequency, the telescopic head retracts N telescopic heads. The controller has an electronic control system that can control the number of telescopic heads extended based on the above control signals, and the control block then executes the telescopic head extension and retraction.

[0155] See Figure 5As shown, the first-level signal can be the wellhead sensitivity analysis frequency signal (which can be the first-level frequency change signal mentioned above), the second-level signal can be the downhole sensitivity analysis frequency signal (which can be the second-level frequency change signal mentioned above), and the third-level signal can be the near-well sensitivity analysis frequency signal (which can be the third-level frequency change signal mentioned above). These signals can serve as the optimal frequency for the current drilling formation. These signals can be generated by the downhole frequency self-decision system and then sent to the frequency execution system. Since the signals have a priority of first-level > second-level > third-level, the frequency execution system can execute according to this priority. Specifically, the frequency execution system can, based on this priority, use a control algorithm to convert the optimal frequency into the number of telescopic heads N, and then transmit it to the controller. The controller transmits the control signal to the control block, which then controls the number of telescopic heads opened. Furthermore, the number of driven pressure commutators can be adjusted through springs and limit grooves. Ultimately, this achieves real-time automatic control or conditional control of the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool, enabling the drill bit to achieve optimal rock-breaking effect, significantly improving the drill bit's rock-breaking efficiency, increasing the applicability of the impact tool, and reducing drilling costs.

[0156] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. For details, please refer to the foregoing descriptions of the relevant processing embodiments; they will not be repeated here.

[0157] The foregoing description of this method is for illustrative purposes only and describes specific embodiments. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims may be performed in a different order than those shown in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0158] Although this specification provides the following examples or appendices Figure 6The method or apparatus structure shown may include more or fewer combined operational steps or module units based on conventional or non-inventive methods. In steps or structures where there is no logically necessary causal relationship, the execution order of these steps or the module structure of the apparatus is not limited to the execution order or module structure shown in the embodiments or drawings of this specification. When the method or module structure is applied in actual devices, servers, or terminal products, it can be executed sequentially or in parallel according to the method or module structure shown in the embodiments or drawings (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment, or even a distributed processing or server cluster implementation environment). Based on the above-described impact frequency prediction method, this specification also proposes an embodiment of an impact frequency prediction apparatus. Figure 6 As shown, the device may specifically include the following modules:

[0159] The prediction module 601 can be used to input the drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation into the impact frequency prediction model, and output the target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation. The target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold. The target impact frequency is used to input to the frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system is used to determine whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If it needs to be changed, it generates a frequency change signal based on the target impact frequency and sends it to the frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system is used to generate a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool.

[0160] The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impactor frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples.

[0161] Based on the aforementioned impact frequency control method, this specification also proposes an embodiment of an impact frequency control device. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the device may specifically include the following modules:

[0162] The multi-level signal generation module 701 can be used by the frequency self-decision system to generate corresponding level frequency change signals at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency when the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, and send them to the frequency self-execution system.

[0163] The telescopic quantity determination module 702 can be used in a frequency self-executing system to determine the execution priority by changing different levels of the signal according to the frequency, and based on the execution priority, use a control algorithm to determine the telescopic head extension quantity and generate a control signal according to the telescopic head extension quantity.

[0164] The control module 703 can be used to adjust the number of working driven extrusion commutators according to the control signal, and control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool according to the adjusted number of working driven extrusion commutators.

[0165] To execute the above instructions more accurately, please refer to... Figure 8 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, another specific electronic device is also provided, wherein the electronic device includes a network communication port 801, a processor 802, and a memory 803. The above structures are connected by internal cables so that the various structures can perform specific data interaction.

[0166] Specifically, the processor 802 can be used to input the drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation into the impact frequency prediction model, and output the target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation. The target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold. The target impact frequency is used to input to a frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system is used to determine whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, a frequency change signal is generated based on the target impact frequency and sent to a frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system is used to generate a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impactor frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples.

[0167] The memory 803 can be used to store the corresponding instruction program.

[0168] See Figure 9 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, another specific electronic device is also provided, wherein the electronic device includes a network communication port 901, a processor 902, and a memory 903. The above structures are connected by internal cables so that the various structures can perform specific data interaction.

[0169] Specifically, the processor 902 can be used by the frequency self-decision system to generate a frequency change signal of the corresponding level at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency when it determines that the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, and send it to the frequency self-execution system; the frequency self-execution system determines the execution priority according to the different levels of the frequency change signal, and based on the execution priority, uses a control algorithm to determine the number of extensions and retractions of the telescopic head and generates a control signal according to the number of extensions and retractions of the telescopic head; according to the control signal, it adjusts the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator, and controls the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool according to the adjusted working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator.

[0170] The memory 903 can be used to store the corresponding instruction program.

[0171] In this embodiment, the network communication ports 801 and 901 can be virtual ports bound to different communication protocols, thereby enabling the sending or receiving of different data. For example, the network communication port can be a port responsible for web data communication, a port responsible for FTP data communication, or a port responsible for email data communication. Furthermore, the network communication port can also be a physical communication interface or communication chip. For example, it can be a wireless mobile network communication chip, such as GSM or CDMA; it can also be a Wi-Fi chip; or it can be a Bluetooth chip.

[0172] In this embodiment, the processors 802 and 902 can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc. This specification is not limiting.

[0173] In this embodiment, the memory 803 and 903 may include multiple layers. In a digital system, any device that can store binary data can be a memory. In an integrated circuit, a circuit with storage function but no physical form is also called a memory, such as RAM and FIFO. In a system, a storage device with a physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory stick and a TF card.

[0174] This specification also provides a computer storage medium based on the above-described impact frequency prediction method. The computer storage medium stores a computer program / instruction, which, when executed, performs the following: inputting drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation into the impact frequency prediction model, outputting the target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation, wherein the target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold, and inputting the target impact frequency into a frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system determines whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, it generates a frequency change signal based on the target impact frequency and sends it to a frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system generates a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impactor frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples.

[0175] This specification also provides a computer storage medium based on the above-described impact frequency control method. The computer storage medium stores a computer program / instruction, which, when executed, implements the following: When the frequency self-decision system determines that the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, it generates a frequency change signal of the corresponding level at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency and sends it to the frequency self-execution system; The frequency self-execution system determines the execution priority based on the different levels of the frequency change signal; Based on the execution priority, it uses a control algorithm to determine the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts, and generates a control signal based on the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts; Based on the control signal, it adjusts the working quantity of the driven compression commutator; Based on the adjusted working quantity of the driven compression commutator, it controls the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool.

[0176] In this embodiment, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), cache, hard disk drive (HDD), or memory card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be an interface configured according to standards specified in the communication protocol for network connection communication.

[0177] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained in comparison with other implementation methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0178] This specification also provides a computer program product based on the above-described impact frequency prediction method, including a non-transient computer-readable storage medium storing computer programs / instructions. The computer programs / instructions are operable to cause the computer to perform the following steps: inputting drilling sensitivity parameters of the currently drilled formation into an impact frequency prediction model, outputting a target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the currently drilled formation, wherein the target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold, and the target impact frequency is input into a frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system determines whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, a frequency change signal is generated based on the target impact frequency and sent to a frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system generates a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impactor frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples.

[0179] This specification also provides a computer program product based on the above-described impact frequency control method, including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer programs / instructions. The computer programs / instructions are operable to cause the computer to perform the following steps: When the frequency self-decision system determines that the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, it generates a frequency change signal of the corresponding level at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency and sends it to the frequency self-execution system; the frequency self-execution system determines the execution priority based on the different levels of the frequency change signal, and based on the execution priority, uses a control algorithm to determine the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts, and generates a control signal based on the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts; according to the control signal, it adjusts the working quantity of the driven compression commutator, and controls the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool based on the adjusted working quantity of the driven compression commutator.

[0180] While this specification provides the steps of operation for the methods described in the embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps listed in the embodiments is merely one possible order of execution among many steps and does not represent the only possible order. In actual device or client product execution, the methods shown in the embodiments or drawings may be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment, or even a distributed data processing environment). The terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, product, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, product, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the presence of other identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, product, or apparatus that includes said elements is not excluded. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to denote names and do not indicate any particular order.

[0181] Those skilled in the art will also know that, besides implementing the controller using purely computer-readable program code, the same functions can be achieved by logically programming the method steps, making the controller function as logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, such a controller can be considered a hardware component, and the devices within it used to implement various functions can also be considered structures within that hardware component. Alternatively, the devices used to implement various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within a hardware component.

[0182] This specification can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions that are executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, classes, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This specification can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0183] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this specification can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of this specification can essentially be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, mobile terminal, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of this specification.

[0184] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on its differences from other embodiments. This specification can be used in numerous general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples include: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable electronic devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices, etc.

[0185] Although this specification has been described by way of examples, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations of this specification are possible without departing from its spirit, and it is intended that the appended claims cover such variations without departing from the spirit of this specification.

Claims

1. An automatically frequency-tuned downhole impact tool, characterized in that, From top to bottom, they include: The rotating head (10), the active extrusion commutator (14), the driven extrusion commutator (17), the moving block (16), and the frequency self-execution system (28) are provided. The moving block (16) is equipped with a control block (20), and the control block (20) is connected to the telescopic head (21). The frequency self-executing system (28) is used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block (20); the control block (20) is used to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic head (21); the telescopic head (21) is used to adjust the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator (17) by extension and retraction; the active extrusion commutator (14) rotates under the drive of the rotating head (10), and when the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator (17) increases, the active extrusion commutator (14) cooperates with multiple driven extrusion commutators (17) to convert the rotational motion into high-frequency axial impact motion and transmit it to the moving block (16).

2. The downhole impact tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Signal lines (23), controller (25), power supply (26), and frequency self-decision system (27); The frequency self-execution system (28) is connected to the frequency self-decision system (27); the frequency self-decision system (27) is located below the controller (25) and is used to generate a frequency change signal and send the frequency change signal to the frequency self-execution system (28); the frequency self-execution system (28) is located below the power supply (26); the power supply (26) is located below the moving block (16) and is used to supply power to the control block (20), the controller (25), the frequency self-decision system (27) and the frequency self-execution system (28); the signal line (23) is located between the control block (20) and the controller (25) and is used to transmit the control signal received by the controller (25) to the control block (20); Accordingly, the frequency self-executing system (28) is used to generate control signals and transmit the control signals to the control block (20), including: The frequency self-executing system (28) is used to convert the frequency change signal into a control signal and transmit the control signal to the controller (25) so that when the controller (25) is powered by the power supply (26), it transmits the control signal to the control block (20) through the signal line (23).

3. The downhole impact tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Outer casing (5), screw (6), reversing shaft (7), connecting plate (8), and connecting plate flow channel (9); The screw (6) is located inside the outer sleeve (5) and is used to cooperate with the outer sleeve (5) to start rotating under the drive of the drilling fluid when the drilling fluid flows through the annulus between the outer sleeve (5) and the screw (6); the reversing shaft (7) is located at the lower part of the screw (6) and is used to convert the non-concentric rotational motion of the screw (6) into concentric rotational motion; the connecting plate (8) is located at the lower part of the reversing shaft (7) and is used to connect the rotating head (10) and the reversing shaft (7); the flow channel (9) of the connecting plate is located on the connecting plate (8) and is used to circulate the drilling fluid; the rotating head (10) is located at the lower part of the connecting plate (8) and is used to transmit the concentric rotational motion of the reversing shaft (7).

4. The downhole impact tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Filter cylinder (1), limiting nut (2), filter screen (3) and support cylinder (4); The filter cylinder (1) is located at the top of the downhole impact tool and is used to support the internal parts; the limiting nut (2) is connected to the filter cylinder (1) and is used to fix the filter screen (3) at the bottom; the filter screen (3) is installed on the internal step of the filter cylinder (1) and is limited by the limiting nut (2) to filter large particles in the drilling fluid; the support cylinder (4) is located at the bottom of the filter cylinder (1) and is used to support the internal parts; the outer sleeve (5) is located on the inner surface of the support cylinder (4), and the surface of the outer sleeve (5) is wavy and made of elastic or metallic material.

5. The downhole impact tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: First bearing (11), second bearing (12), and rotary head flow channel (13); The first bearing (11) is located outside the rotating head (10) and inside the support cylinder (4) to straighten the rotating head (10) so that the rotating head (10) can rotate freely; the second bearing (12) is located below the first bearing (11) and outside the rotating head (10) and inside the support cylinder (4) to straighten the rotating head (10) so that the rotating head (10) can rotate freely; the rotating head flow channel (13) is located inside the rotating head (10) to receive the drilling fluid flowing through the connecting plate flow channel (9) and continue to transmit it downwards.

6. The downhole impact tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The active extrusion commutator (14) rotates under the drive of the rotating head (10). When the number of working units of the driven extrusion commutator (17) decreases, the active extrusion commutator (14) and the driven extrusion commutator (17) cooperate to convert the rotational motion into a low-frequency axial impact motion and transmit it to the moving block (16).

7. The downhole impact tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active extrusion commutator (14) and the driven extrusion commutator (17) are quarter-sphere structures.

8. The downhole impact tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Fixed sleeve (15), spiral groove (18) and spline (19); The fixed sleeve (15) is located inside the support cylinder (4) and is used to fix the internal parts; the moving block (16) is located inside the fixed sleeve (15) and is used to transmit impact motion; the spiral groove (18) is located inside the fixed sleeve (15) and is used to cooperate with the spiral structure of the moving block (16) to realize the spiral motion of the moving block (16); the spline (19) is located outside the moving block (16) and cooperates with the spline groove on the fixed sleeve (15) to realize the free up and down impact motion of the moving block (16).

9. The downhole impact tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Drive shaft (29), universal joint (30), support spring (31), impact shaft (32) and large spring (33); The drive shaft (29) is located at the lower part of the frequency self-decision system (27) and is used to transmit the impact motion of the moving block (16) to the universal joint (30). The universal joint (30) is located between the drive shaft (29) and the impact shaft (32) and is used to avoid damage to the drive shaft (29) and the impact shaft (32) when they are not concentric. The support spring (31) is located between the drive shaft (29) and the impact shaft (32) and is used to provide rebound power to the driven extrusion commutator (17) and to buffer the drive shaft (29). The impact shaft (32) is located at the lower part of the universal joint (30) and is connected to the drill bit body and is used to transmit the impact motion to the drill bit. The large spring (33) is located at the lower part of the impact shaft (32) and is used to provide rebound power to the impact shaft (32) and to buffer the impact shaft (32).

10. The downhole impact tool according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Sealing cylinder (34), packing (35), O-ring (36) and combination seal (37); The sealing cylinder (34) is located at the lower part of the support cylinder (4) and is used to install the internal sealing structure and support the upper structure; the packing (35) is located between the sealing cylinder (34) and the impact shaft (31); the O-ring (36) is located at the lower part of the packing (35) and between the sealing cylinder (34) and the impact shaft (31); the combined seal (37) is located at the lower part of the O-ring (36) and between the sealing cylinder (34) and the impact shaft (31); the packing (35), the O-ring (36) and the combined seal (37) are all used to seal the drilling fluid inside and outside the downhole impact tool.

11. A method for predicting impact frequency, characterized in that, Based on the downhole percussion tool according to any one of claims 1-10, the method comprises: The drilling sensitivity parameters of the current drilling formation are input into the impact frequency prediction model, which outputs the target impact frequency of the downhole impact tool in the current drilling formation. The target impact frequency is greater than a preset impact frequency threshold. The target impact frequency is input into the frequency self-decision system. The frequency self-decision system is used to determine whether the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed based on the target impact frequency. If a change is needed, a frequency change signal is generated based on the target impact frequency and sent to the frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-execution system is used to generate a control signal based on the frequency change signal to control the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool. The drilling sensitivity parameters include drilling pressure, drill pipe rotation speed, formation lithology, rock strength, wellbore diameter, mud density, current impactor frequency, friction coefficient, and rock breaking efficiency. The impact frequency prediction model is obtained by training a BP neural network model using preprocessed drilling sensitivity parameter samples.

12. A method for controlling the impact frequency, characterized in that, Based on the downhole percussion tool according to any one of claims 1-10, the method comprises: When the frequency self-decision system determines that the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool needs to be changed, it generates a frequency change signal of the corresponding level at the wellhead, downhole, and adjacent well locations based on the predicted target impact frequency and sends it to the frequency self-execution system. The frequency self-executing system determines the execution priority by changing the signal at different levels according to the frequency. Based on the execution priority, it uses a control algorithm to determine the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts, and generates a control signal based on the number of times the telescopic head extends and retracts. Based on the control signal, the working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator is adjusted, and based on the adjusted working quantity of the driven extrusion commutator, the impact frequency of the downhole impact tool is controlled.

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