Hydraulic control compressed air energy storage system

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid-controlled compressed air energy storage system and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The liquid-controlled compressed air energy storage system comprises a water storage tank, a first water-gas co-containing cabin, a first energy storage assembly and a first energy releasing assembly. The first water-gas co-containing cabin stores first gas and first liquid. The first gas has a first pressure. The first energy storage assembly comprises a first driving element and a first water pump. The first driving element is driven by surplus electric energy and drives the first water pump to draw the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-gas co-containing cabin and increase the first pressure. The first energy releasing assembly comprises a first water turbine and a first generator. The first water turbine is in communication with the first water-gas co-containing cabin and the water storage tank. The first water turbine is in transmission connection with the first generator. The first water turbine drives the first liquid in the first water-gas co-containing cabin to flow back to the water storage tank at a power consumption peak, drives the first water turbine to rotate, the first generator generates power at the same time, and the first pressure decreases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic pumped compressed air energy storage technology combines the advantages of isothermal compression and virtual pumping storage. However, hydraulic equipment such as pumps and turbines require a relatively stable and continuously adjustable head during operation. During the charging and releasing process of compressed air energy storage, the gas volume inside the storage container changes continuously, causing significant fluctuations in gas pressure. These continuous pressure changes within the storage container lead to unstable head, causing the hydraulic unit to deviate from its optimal efficiency range, resulting in decreased efficiency and increased unit vibration.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies employ a water-gas co-containment chamber and a constant-pressure tank. The water-gas co-containment chamber stores energy by utilizing significant variations in gas pressure, while the constant-pressure tank maintains a constant pressure to ensure efficient operation of the hydraulic turbine unit. A hydraulic system couples the variable-pressure gas storage side with the constant-pressure turbine side, achieving stable pressure matching across a wide pressure range. This hydraulic system consists of a set of coaxially connected, multi-stage hydraulic cylinders with piston areas arranged in a geometric sequence. Valves switch the forward, reverse, or short-circuit operation of each cylinder, creating various effective piston area ratios. When the gas pressure in the water-gas co-containment chamber increases, a larger variable-pressure ratio is used, reducing the piston area on the water-gas co-containment chamber side and stabilizing the equivalent output force on the constant-pressure tank side. When the pressure inside the chamber decreases, a smaller area ratio combination is used, roughly balancing the resultant forces on both sides of the piston rod, with residual unbalanced forces offset by a compensating motor.

[0004] However, this multi-stage hydraulic cylinder pressure regulation scheme is limited by factors such as discrete area ratio and piston reciprocating structure, resulting in problems such as low efficiency, poor reliability, easy wear and tear, and long energy storage and release time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of inefficiency, easy loss, and long processing time in the existing technologies, this invention provides a hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system, which has the characteristics and advantages of no additional energy loss, higher system efficiency, no need for frequent valve switching, higher reliability, and the ability to quickly complete pressure energy transfer.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system comprising: A water storage tank, wherein the water storage tank contains a first liquid; A first water-gas co-containment chamber, which stores a first gas and a first liquid, wherein the first gas has a first pressure; The first energy storage component includes a first drive unit and a first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water storage tank and the first water-air co-containment chamber respectively. The first drive unit is driven by surplus electrical energy and drives the first water pump to draw the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-air co-containment chamber and increase the first pressure. The first energy release component includes a first water turbine and a first generator. The first water turbine is connected to the first water-air co-containment chamber and the water storage tank respectively. The first water turbine is driven by the first generator to drive the first liquid in the first water-air co-containment chamber to flow back to the water storage tank during peak electricity consumption, and drive the first water turbine to rotate. The first generator generates electricity at the same time, and the first pressure decreases.

[0007] Preferably, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system further includes: The first pressure stabilizing component includes a second water turbine, which is connected to the first water-air co-containment chamber and the water storage tank. The first water-air co-containment chamber releases the first liquid into the water storage tank and drives the second water turbine to rotate, thereby reducing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber to achieve a constant first pressure.

[0008] Preferably, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system further includes: The second pressure stabilizing component includes a third water turbine and a second water-gas co-containment chamber. The second water-gas co-containment chamber stores a second gas and a first liquid. The second gas has a second pressure. The second water-gas co-containment chamber is connected to the water storage tank via the third water turbine. The third water turbine is drive-connected to the second water turbine to achieve synchronous rotation between the two turbines. The second pressure stabilizing component includes a first state and a second state. In the first state, the second water turbine drives the third water turbine to rotate, so as to draw the first liquid in the water storage tank to the second water-air co-containment chamber and increase the second pressure; In the second state, the first liquid enters the water storage tank from the second water-air co-containment chamber and drives the third water turbine to rotate. The third water turbine drives the second water turbine to rotate, and the second water turbine draws the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-air co-containment chamber, so as to achieve a constant first pressure by increasing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the second pressure stabilizing component is provided with two or more of the third water turbines, which are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0010] Preferably, two or more third water turbines are arranged sequentially at intervals along the first direction, and two adjacent third water turbines are connected in series through a first transmission rod to achieve synchronous rotation of all the third water turbines.

[0011] Preferably, any one of the third water turbines is connected in series with the second water turbine via a second transmission rod to achieve synchronous rotation of the third water turbine and the second water turbine.

[0012] Preferably, the second voltage regulator component includes: The first piping component is provided for each of the third water turbines. The first piping component includes a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe and a second control valve. The second water-air co-containment chamber is connected to the third water turbine through the first connecting pipe. The third water turbine is connected to the water storage tank through the second connecting pipe. The second control valve is connected to the first connecting pipe to realize the opening and closing of the first connecting pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the second voltage regulator component further includes: The second pipeline component connects the third water turbine in the second pressure stabilizing assembly to enable the series-parallel switching of the third water turbine.

[0014] Preferably, any two of the third turbines constitute the third turbine unit. The second pipeline component includes a third connecting pipe and a first control valve. The first control valve is disposed on the third connecting pipe to realize the opening and closing of the third connecting pipe. The first end of the third connecting pipe is connected to a first connecting pipe connected to one of the third turbines in the third turbine unit, and the second end of the third connecting pipe is connected to a second connecting pipe connected to the other third turbine in the third turbine unit.

[0015] Preferably, the first voltage regulator component further includes: The third piping component includes a fourth connecting pipe, a fifth connecting pipe, and a third control valve. The first water-air co-containment chamber is connected to the second water turbine through the fourth connecting pipe, the second water turbine is connected to the water storage tank through the fifth connecting pipe, and the third control valve is connected to the fourth connecting pipe to control the on / off state of the fourth connecting pipe.

[0016] Compared to existing technologies, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system of this application includes a first energy storage component and a first energy release component. The first energy storage component includes a first driving component and a first water pump. When there is surplus electricity, the surplus electricity drives the first driving component to rotate, which in turn drives the first water pump to draw the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-air co-containment chamber, thereby compressing the first gas in the water-air co-containment chamber. This converts excess electrical energy into the pressure energy of the first gas and completes energy storage. During peak electricity demand, the first gas drives the first liquid to flow from the water-air co-containment chamber to the water storage tank, which in turn drives the first water turbine to rotate, thereby driving the first generator to produce electricity and feed it into the power grid, thus releasing energy. This application adopts a liquid-air coupled energy storage and release structure, which does not require reliance on natural terrain differences and large reservoirs, completely eliminating the limitations of traditional pumped storage on terrain and water source conditions. It offers flexible site selection, wider applicability, and can effectively achieve peak shaving and valley filling for the power grid. Furthermore, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system can achieve isothermal compression and expansion through methods such as spraying within the water-air co-containment chamber, thereby improving energy storage efficiency.

[0017] During the research and development process, the inventors discovered that existing energy storage solutions using multi-stage hydraulic cylinder pressure regulation still have significant shortcomings. These shortcomings are mainly caused by two factors: First, hydraulic cylinders can only rely on piston combinations to form a limited discrete area ratio, which cannot match the continuously changing air pressure of the gas storage chamber. It is necessary to add a compensation motor to continuously output energy to offset the residual pressure difference, resulting in additional energy consumption and low overall system operating efficiency. Second, relying on the reciprocating motion of pistons to complete the pressure energy transfer requires a large number of switching valves to be frequently started and stopped. This not only makes the sealing components prone to wear and tear and the system reliability poor, but also limits the reciprocating flow rate of the pistons, resulting in a long time for energy storage and release.

[0018] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, the inventors proposed an improved approach that replaces the traditional piston hydraulic cylinder with a water pump turbine unit. The original two-sided piston structure is replaced with a coaxially linked water pump turbine. Multiple water pump turbines are configured to handle the continuously changing air pressure in the water-air co-containment chamber. By switching the series and parallel topology of the units through pipeline valves, different pressure ranges can be adapted, allowing the pressure regulating unit to always operate in the high-efficiency range. This fundamentally solves the problems of low efficiency, poor reliability, and long energy storage and release cycles of the existing hydraulic cylinder solution. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system based on a water pump turbine transformer according to this application; Figure 3 This is an equivalent schematic diagram of a 6-unit parallel hydraulic compressed air energy storage system according to this application; Figure 4This is an equivalent schematic diagram of two units connected in series in the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system of this application; Figure 5 This is an equivalent schematic diagram of the three-unit series connection of the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system of this application; Figure 6 This is an equivalent schematic diagram of a 6-unit series hydraulic compressed air energy storage system according to this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 10. Hydraulic compressed air energy storage system; 100. Water storage tank; 110. First liquid; 200. First water-air co-containment chamber; 300. First energy storage component; 310. First drive component; 320. First water pump; 400. First energy release component; 410. First water turbine; 420. First generator; 500. First pressure stabilizing component; 510. Second water turbine; 520. Third piping component; 521. Fourth connecting pipe; 522. Fifth connecting pipe; 523. Third control valve; 600, Second pressure stabilizing component; 610, Third water turbine; 620, Second water-air co-containment chamber; 630, First transmission rod; 640, Second transmission rod; 650, First piping component; 651, First connecting pipe; 652, Second connecting pipe; 653, Second control valve; 660, Second piping component; 661, Third connecting pipe; 662, First control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The inventors discovered that existing hydraulic cylinder area combinations can only provide a limited number of discrete area ratios, while compressed air pressure is continuously variable. The two cannot be perfectly matched, inevitably resulting in a residual force difference. This necessitates continuous adjustment of the compensation equipment, leading to additional energy losses and low efficiency. Furthermore, the presence of multi-stage hydraulic cylinders, numerous valves, and supporting control systems increases equipment investment and maintenance complexity. Frequent switching over long periods can easily cause valve seal failure or hydraulic cylinder leakage, reducing overall system reliability and leading to poor reliability. When hydraulic cylinders operate at high pressure levels, leakage losses and frictional losses at the piston seals are significant, and the lifespan of high-pressure seals is relatively short, requiring regular maintenance and replacement. Moreover, the overall water flow rate of the system is limited by the piston stroke and reciprocating frequency. When the energy storage scale is large, the piston-driven method cannot quickly complete the energy storage process, easily resulting in long processing times.

[0023] Therefore, this application provides a hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system, wherein the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system includes, A water storage tank, wherein the water storage tank contains a first liquid; A first water-gas co-containment chamber, which stores a first gas and a first liquid, wherein the first gas has a first pressure; The first energy storage component includes a first drive unit and a first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water storage tank and the first water-air co-containment chamber respectively. The first drive unit is driven by surplus electrical energy and drives the first water pump to draw the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-air co-containment chamber and increase the first pressure. The first energy release component includes a first water turbine and a first generator. The first water turbine is connected to the first water-air co-containment chamber and the water storage tank respectively. The first water turbine is driven to the first generator to drive the first liquid in the first water-air co-containment chamber to flow back to the water storage tank during peak electricity consumption, and drive the first water turbine to rotate. The first generator generates electricity at the same time, and the first pressure decreases. The first pressure stabilizing component includes a second water turbine, which is connected to the first water-air co-containment chamber and the water storage tank respectively. The first water-air co-containment chamber releases the first liquid into the water storage tank and drives the second water turbine to rotate, so as to achieve a constant first pressure by reducing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber. The second pressure stabilizing component includes a third water turbine and a second water-gas co-containment chamber. The second water-gas co-containment chamber stores a second gas and a first liquid. The second gas has a second pressure. The second water-gas co-containment chamber is connected to the water storage tank via the third water turbine. The third water turbine is drive-connected to the second water turbine to achieve synchronous rotation between the two turbines. The second pressure stabilizing component includes a first state and a second state. In the first state, the second water turbine drives the third water turbine to rotate, so as to draw the first liquid in the water storage tank to the second water-air co-containment chamber and increase the second pressure; In the second state, the first liquid enters the water storage tank from the second water-air co-containment chamber and drives the third water turbine to rotate. The third water turbine drives the second water turbine to rotate, and the second water turbine draws the first liquid in the water storage tank into the first water-air co-containment chamber to achieve a constant first pressure by increasing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber. The second voltage stabilizing component is equipped with two or more of the third water turbines, which are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application. Please refer to the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application includes a water tank 100, which stores a first liquid 110. The water tank 100 is used to receive the first liquid 110 in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 and the second water-air co-containment chamber 620, and can also supply the first liquid 110 in the water tank 100 to the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 and the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 at the same time.

[0026] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 As shown, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application also includes a first water-gas co-containment chamber 200, which stores a first gas and a first liquid 110. The first liquid 110 is located at the bottom of the first water-gas co-containment chamber 200, and the first gas is located at the top of the first water-gas co-containment chamber 200. The first gas has a first pressure. The volume of the first water-gas co-containment chamber 200 is adjusted by the first liquid 110 to change the magnitude of the first pressure. That is, the first pressure of the first gas depends on the amount of first liquid 110. When the amount of first liquid 110 in the first water-gas co-containment chamber 200 increases, the first gas is compressed, and the first pressure of the first gas increases. The first gas can also pump out the first liquid 110, at which time the first pressure of the first gas decreases.

[0027] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 As shown, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application also includes a first energy storage component 300. During periods of low electricity demand, the first energy storage component 300 converts surplus electrical energy into kinetic energy and stores it in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200. The first energy storage component 300 includes a first drive unit 310 and a first water pump 320. The first water pump 320 is connected to both the water storage tank 100 and the first water-air co-containment chamber 200. The first drive unit 310 is connected to the first water pump 320 to drive the first water pump 320 to operate. Furthermore, the first water pump 320 is driven by surplus electrical energy, which in turn draws the first liquid 110 from the water storage tank 100 to the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 and increases the first pressure to achieve the conversion between electrical energy and kinetic energy. In this application, the flow of the first liquid 110 in the first energy storage component 300 is unidirectional, meaning that the first liquid 110 can only be drawn into the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 when the first water pump 320 is working.

[0028] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 As shown, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application also includes a first energy release component 400. During peak electricity consumption, the first energy release component 400 converts the kinetic energy stored in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 into energy and feeds it into the power grid, thereby releasing energy. The first energy release component 400 includes a first water turbine 410 and a first generator 420. The first water turbine 410 is connected to both the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 and the water storage tank 100. The first water turbine 410 is connected to the first generator 420. The first liquid 110 in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 flows back to the water storage tank 100 under the drive of the first gas, driving the first water turbine 410 to rotate. Simultaneously, the first generator 420 generates electricity, and the first pressure of the first gas decreases. The flow direction of the first liquid 110 in the first energy release component 400 of this application is unidirectional, meaning that the first liquid 110 can only flow from the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 to the water storage tank 100 to drive the first water turbine 410 to rotate, but the rotation of the first water turbine 410 cannot draw the first liquid 110 from the water storage tank 100 to the first water-air co-containment chamber 200. The first energy storage component 300 and the first energy release component 400 of this application work together to effectively realize peak shaving and valley filling of the power grid. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application adopts a liquid-air coupled energy storage and release structure, which does not require reliance on natural terrain differences and large reservoirs, completely getting rid of the limitations of traditional pumped storage on terrain and water source conditions, making site selection flexible and applicable to a wider range of scenarios.

[0029] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application also includes a first pressure stabilizing component 500. The first pressure stabilizing component 500 is used to maintain a constant first pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200, thereby allowing the first turbine 410 to operate efficiently under rated conditions throughout the entire process, thus eliminating throttling losses and improving energy storage utilization. Under the continuous operation of the first energy storage component 300, the first pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 increases accordingly. When the first pressure is higher than the rated pressure, the first liquid 110 is discharged through the first pressure stabilizing component 500 to reduce the first pressure, thereby achieving the first pressure equal to the rated pressure and ensuring that the first pressure is constant at the same time.

[0030] The first pressure stabilizing component 500 includes a second water turbine 510, which is connected to both the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 and the water storage tank 100. When the pressure inside the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 exceeds the rated pressure, the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 releases the first liquid 110 into the water storage tank 100, thereby driving the second water turbine 510 to rotate. This reduces the pressure inside the first water-air co-containment chamber 200, achieving a constant first pressure and making it equal to the rated pressure. The flow direction of the first liquid 110 in the second water turbine 510 can be bidirectional. Specifically, the first liquid 110 can flow from the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 to the water storage tank 100 to drive the second water turbine 510 to rotate, thus reducing the first pressure. Alternatively, the first liquid 110 can flow from the water storage tank 100 to the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 under the rotation of the second water turbine 510, thus increasing the first pressure. In this application, the autonomous rotation of the second water turbine 510 can be driven by an electric motor or by the second voltage stabilizing component 600.

[0031] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 As shown, the first pressure stabilizing component 500 of this application also includes a third piping component 520, which includes a fourth connecting pipe 521, a fifth connecting pipe 522, and a third control valve 523. The turbine has two openings, which are respectively connected to the fourth connecting pipe 521 and the fifth connecting pipe 522. The first water-air co-containment chamber 200 is connected to the second turbine 510 through the fourth connecting pipe 521, and the second turbine 510 is connected to the water storage tank 100 through the fifth connecting pipe 522. The third control valve 523 is connected to the fourth connecting pipe 521 to control the on / off state of the fourth connecting pipe 521.

[0032] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1As shown, the hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system 10 of this application also includes a second pressure stabilizing component 600. During the rotation of the second turbine 510, the second pressure stabilizing component 600 can be used to store kinetic energy. Simultaneously, the combination of the first pressure stabilizing component 500 and the second pressure stabilizing component 600 can be used to increase the pressure within the first water-air co-containment chamber 200. In the prior art, kinetic energy storage is achieved by increasing the pressure within the water-air co-containment chamber through the reciprocating motion of a hydraulic cylinder. However, as the pressure within the water-air co-containment chamber rises, the pushing of the hydraulic cylinder requires assistance from other drive motors, thereby increasing energy loss.

[0033] The second pressure stabilizing component 600 of this application includes a third water turbine 610 and a second water-gas co-containment chamber 620. The second water-gas co-containment chamber 620 stores a second gas and a first liquid 110. The first liquid 110 is located at the bottom of the second water-gas co-containment chamber 620, and the second gas is located at the top of the second water-gas co-containment chamber 620. The second gas has a second pressure. The volume of the second water-gas co-containment chamber 620 is adjusted by the first liquid 110 to change the magnitude of the second pressure. That is, the second pressure of the second gas depends on the amount of first liquid 110. When the amount of first liquid 110 in the second water-gas co-containment chamber 620 increases, the second gas is compressed, and the second gas pressure increases. At the same time, the second gas can also pump the first liquid 110 out of the second water-gas co-containment chamber 620, at which time the second pressure of the second gas decreases. The second water-gas co-containment chamber 620 is connected to the water storage tank 100 through the third water turbine 610 to achieve synchronous rotation of the third water turbine 610 and the second water turbine 610. In this application, the flow direction of the first liquid 110 in the third water turbine 610 can be bidirectional. That is, the first liquid can flow from the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 to the water storage tank 100 to drive the third water turbine 610 to rotate. At this time, the second pressure decreases. The first liquid 110 can also flow from the water storage tank 100 to the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 under the rotation of the third water turbine 610. At this time, the second pressure increases. Thus, the second pressure stabilizer forms a first state and a second state. In the first state, the kinetic energy of the second water turbine 510 is stored in the second water-air co-containment chamber 620. In the second state, the kinetic energy of the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 drives the third water turbine 610 and the second water turbine 510 to rotate synchronously, thereby increasing the first pressure of the first water-air co-containment chamber 200 to achieve the first pressure equal to the rated pressure, and further achieve the constantness of the first pressure. That is, in the first state, the rotation of the second water turbine 510 drives the third water turbine 610 to rotate synchronously, thereby drawing the first liquid 110 in the water storage tank 100 into the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 and increasing the second pressure. In the second state, the first liquid 110 enters the water storage tank 100 from the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 and drives the third water turbine 610 to rotate. The third water turbine 610 drives the second water turbine 510 to rotate. The second water turbine 510 draws the first liquid 110 from the water storage tank 100 to the first water-air co-containment chamber 200, so as to achieve a constant first pressure by increasing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber 200.

[0034] In one embodiment, the second pressure stabilizing component 600 is provided with two or more third water turbines 610, which are connected in series and / or in parallel. The series connection of the third water turbines 610 can further increase the head of the water entering the second water-air co-containment chamber 620. Furthermore, in this application, the second pressure stabilizing component 600 contains six third water turbines 610, and the head of the water entering the second water-air co-containment chamber 620 by the six third water turbines 610 will now be explained. Switching between parallel and series connection of the third turbine 610 can change the head input to the second water-air common compartment 620. For example, if the rated head of a single third turbine 610 is H, then when six third turbines 610 are connected in parallel, the head input to the second water-air common compartment is 0.65H to 1.3H; when two third turbines 610 are connected in series, the head input to the second water-air common compartment is 1.3H to 2.3H; when three turbines are connected in series, the head input to the second water-air common compartment is 2.3H to 3.9H; and when six third turbines 610 are connected in series, the head input to the second water-air common compartment is 3.9H to 7.8H. Of course, the series connection method of the third turbines 610 in this application is not limited to the above situations, and the series and parallel connections of the third turbines 610 in this application can also coexist. The change in the connection method between the third water turbine 610 in the second pressure stabilizing component 600 can gradually increase the pressure in the second water-air co-containment chamber 620, and there is no need for assistance from other drive motors.

[0035] In one embodiment, two or more third water turbines 610 are arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction X, and two connected third water turbines 610 are connected in series through a first transmission rod 630 to achieve synchronous rotation of all third water turbines 610.

[0036] In one embodiment, a second transmission rod 640 is connected in series between any third turbine 610 and the second turbine 510 to transfer the kinetic energy of the second turbine 510 to the third turbine 610 and realize the synchronous rotation of the third turbine 610 and the second turbine 510.

[0037] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1 As shown, the second pressure stabilizing component 600 of this application also includes a first pipeline component 650. Each third water turbine 610 is equipped with a set of first pipeline components 650. The first pipeline component 650 includes a first connecting pipe 651, a second connecting pipe 652 and a second control valve 653. The second water-air co-containment chamber 620 is connected to the third water turbine 610 through the first connecting pipe 651. The third water turbine 610 is connected to the water storage tank 100 through the second connecting pipe 652. The second control valve 653 is connected to the first connecting pipe 651 to realize the opening and closing of the first connecting pipe 651.

[0038] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1As shown, the second pressure stabilizing component 600 of this application also includes a second piping component 660. Any two third turbines 610 in the second pressure stabilizing component 600 are connected by the second piping component 660 to realize the series connection of any two third turbines 610. Further, any two third turbines 610 form a group of third turbines 610. The second piping component 660 includes a third connecting pipe 661 and a first control valve 662. The first control valve 662 is disposed on the third connecting pipe 661 to realize the opening and closing of the third connecting pipe 661. The first end of the third connecting pipe 661 is connected to the first connecting pipe 651 connected to one of the third turbines 610 in the group of third turbines 610, and the second end of the third connecting pipe 661 is connected to the second connecting pipe 652 connected to another third turbine 610 in the group of third turbines 610. After being pressurized in one of the third turbines 610 in the third turbine group, the first liquid 110 continues to be input into another third turbine 610 in the third turbine group to further increase the head of the water entering the second water-air co-containment chamber 620.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] For reference Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system.

[0041] Energy storage stage: Driven by a motor, turbine 8 draws water from the pool, opening valves V21 and V20. Water in the constant pressure tank returns to the pool after passing through turbine 7. The hourly average flow rates of turbines 7 and 8 are equal, ensuring the pressure inside the constant pressure tank remains essentially constant. Turbine 7 drives coaxially connected small turbines 1-6 to inject water into the water-air co-containment chamber. Through the series-parallel combination of turbines 1-6, the pressure inside the water-air co-containment chamber changes significantly, achieving pressure matching between the constant pressure tank and the water-air co-containment chamber.

[0042] Assume the rated head of the small turbine is H. At the start of energy storage, the head in the water-air co-containment chamber is at its minimum value of 0.65H. Valves V1, V4, V7, V10, V12, V14, V15, V16, V17, V18, and V19 are opened, causing turbines 1-6 to form a parallel structure. Figure 3 The equivalent schematic diagram is shown below. At this point, all six turbines are simultaneously injecting water into the water-air co-containment chamber, reaching the maximum design flow rate. When the water head in the chamber rises to approximately 1.3H, valves V1, V4, V7, V17, V18, and V19 are closed, while valves V2, V5, and V8 are opened, forming three series-connected units: turbine 1 and turbine 4 in series, turbine 2 and turbine 5 in series, and turbine 3 and turbine 6 in series. These three units are then connected in parallel to the system, jointly injecting water into the chamber. Figure 4The equivalent schematic diagram is shown below. Under this operating condition, the total water injection flow rate of the system is approximately half that of the six-unit parallel operation, and the head is approximately twice that of the six-unit parallel operation. When the water head in the water-air co-containment chamber reaches 2.3H, valves V5, V10, and V16 are closed, and valves V6 and V11 are opened, forming two sets of series units: turbines 1, 4, and 5 in series, and turbines 2, 3, and 6 in series. Figure 5 The equivalent schematic diagram is shown below. The two sets of units operate in parallel, with the total system water injection flow rate being approximately one-third of that in the six-unit parallel operation, further adapting to higher chamber pressures. When the water head in the water-air co-containment chamber reaches 3.9H, valves V2, V8, V12, and V15 are closed, while valves V3, V9, and V13 are opened, causing turbines 1-6 to form a series structure. Figure 6 The equivalent schematic diagram is shown below. At this time, the total water injection flow rate of the system is about one-sixth of that of the six-unit parallel operation. Within the water-air co-containment chamber, the water head can not exceed 7.8H, so that each turbine of the system always operates in the high-efficiency range and maintains the optimal state of overall water injection efficiency.

[0043] When the water head in the water-air co-containment chamber reaches 7.8H, the motors and valves V14, V20, and V21 are shut off, and the system enters the energy storage state.

[0044] Energy release stage: Open valves V14, V20, and V21 to form a series connection between turbines 1-6, such as... Figure 6 As shown. Water in the water-air coexistence chamber is pumped to the constant pressure tank by water turbines 1-6, which in turn drive the coaxial water turbine 7. Water in the constant pressure tank is then pumped to water turbine 8, which in turn drives the generator to produce electricity. When the water head in the water-air coexistence chamber drops to 3.9H, valves V3, V9, and V13 are closed, and valves V2, V8, V12, and V15 are opened, forming two sets of series units: water turbines 1, 4, and 5 in series, and water turbines 2, 3, and 6 in series. The two sets of units operate in parallel, as shown. Figure 5 As shown. Water in the water-air coexistence chamber is pumped to a constant pressure tank by two sets of three-unit-in-series water turbines driving coaxial water turbine 7, and then generated by a generator driven by water turbine 8. When the water head in the water-air coexistence chamber drops to 2.3H, valves V6 and V11 are closed, and valves V5, V10, and V16 are opened, forming three sets of series units: water turbine 1 and water turbine 4 in series, water turbine 2 and water turbine 5 in series, and water turbine 3 and water turbine 6 in series, as shown. Figure 4 As shown. Water in the water-air coexistence chamber is pumped to the constant pressure tank by three sets of two-in-series water turbines driving coaxial water turbine 7, and then generated by water turbine 8 driving a generator. When the water head in the water-air coexistence chamber drops to 1.3H, valves V2, V5, and V8 are closed, and valves V1, V4, V7, V17, V18, and V19 are opened, so that water turbines 1-6 form a parallel structure, as shown. Figure 3As shown. Water is pumped to a constant pressure tank by parallel water turbines 1-6 driving a coaxial water turbine 7, and then generated by a generator via water turbine 8.

[0045] In this application, the pump-turbine unit operates at high speed, requiring no additional compensation equipment or frequent valve switching, enabling rapid pressure energy transfer. Series-parallel switching keeps the pump-turbine unit operating in its high-efficiency range, improving energy storage efficiency. When small pump-turbine units operate in series and parallel, their total power fluctuations are small, resulting in stable pressure within the constant-pressure tank during energy storage and release, stable generator power, and lower control difficulty. Therefore, compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this application are: the pump-turbine unit requires no additional compensation equipment for operation, resulting in no additional energy loss and higher system efficiency; the high-speed operation of the pump-turbine unit eliminates the need for frequent valve switching, improving reliability; and the rapid pressure energy transfer allows for a larger energy storage system scale.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0047] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that, The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system includes: A water storage tank, wherein the water storage tank contains a first liquid; A first water-gas co-containment chamber, which stores a first gas and a first liquid, wherein the first gas has a first pressure; The first energy storage component includes a first drive unit and a first water pump. The first water pump is connected to the water storage tank and the first water-air co-containment chamber respectively. The first drive unit is driven by surplus electrical energy and drives the first water pump to draw the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-air co-containment chamber and increase the first pressure. The first energy release component includes a first water turbine and a first generator. The first water turbine is connected to the first water-air co-containment chamber and the water storage tank respectively. The first water turbine is driven by the first generator to drive the first liquid in the first water-air co-containment chamber to flow back to the water storage tank during peak electricity consumption, and drive the first water turbine to rotate. The first generator generates electricity at the same time, and the first pressure decreases.

2. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system also includes: The first pressure stabilizing component includes a second water turbine, which is connected to the first water-air co-containment chamber and the water storage tank. The first water-air co-containment chamber releases the first liquid into the water storage tank and drives the second water turbine to rotate, thereby reducing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber to achieve a constant first pressure.

3. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system also includes: The second pressure stabilizing component includes a third water turbine and a second water-gas co-containment chamber. The second water-gas co-containment chamber stores a second gas and a first liquid. The second gas has a second pressure. The second water-gas co-containment chamber is connected to the water storage tank via the third water turbine. The third water turbine is drive-connected to the second water turbine to achieve synchronous rotation between the two turbines. The second pressure stabilizing component includes a first state and a second state. In the first state, the second water turbine drives the third water turbine to rotate, so as to draw the first liquid in the water storage tank to the second water-air co-containment chamber and increase the second pressure; In the second state, the first liquid enters the water storage tank from the second water-air co-containment chamber and drives the third water turbine to rotate. The third water turbine drives the second water turbine to rotate, and the second water turbine draws the first liquid from the water storage tank to the first water-air co-containment chamber, so as to achieve a constant first pressure by increasing the pressure in the first water-air co-containment chamber.

4. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second voltage stabilizing component is equipped with two or more of the third water turbines, which are connected in series and / or in parallel.

5. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two or more third water turbines are arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction, and two adjacent third water turbines are connected in series through a first transmission rod to achieve synchronous rotation of all the third water turbines.

6. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third turbine and the second turbine are connected in series via a second transmission rod to achieve synchronous rotation between the third turbine and the second turbine.

7. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second voltage regulator component includes: The first piping component is provided for each of the third water turbines. The first piping component includes a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe and a second control valve. The second water-air co-containment chamber is connected to the third water turbine through the first connecting pipe. The third water turbine is connected to the water storage tank through the second connecting pipe. The second control valve is connected to the first connecting pipe to realize the opening and closing of the first connecting pipe.

8. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second voltage regulator component further includes: The second pipeline component connects the third water turbine in the second pressure stabilizing assembly to enable the series-parallel switching of the third water turbine.

9. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Any two of the third turbines constitute the third turbine unit. The second pipeline component includes a third connecting pipe and a first control valve. The first control valve is disposed on the third connecting pipe to realize the opening and closing of the third connecting pipe. The first end of the third connecting pipe is connected to a first connecting pipe connected to one of the third turbines in the third turbine unit, and the second end of the third connecting pipe is connected to a second connecting pipe connected to the other third turbine in the third turbine unit.

10. The hydraulically controlled compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first voltage regulator component further includes: The third piping component includes a fourth connecting pipe, a fifth connecting pipe, and a third control valve. The first water-air co-containment chamber is connected to the second water turbine through the fourth connecting pipe, the second water turbine is connected to the water storage tank through the fifth connecting pipe, and the third control valve is connected to the fourth connecting pipe to control the on / off state of the fourth connecting pipe.

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