A passive adaptive tail vane wind turbine blade structure and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of swing tail passive self-adaptive wind generator blade structure and method, structure includes fan blade structure and the spoiler of fan blade front section front edge, the handle of fan blade structure is fixedly connected with fan blade front section, fan blade front section is opened rotating hole and rotates and is equipped rotating shaft, fan blade is fixedly connected to rotating shaft inside end portion;Fan blade front section is provided with flush groove, groove is arranged mounting sleeve, arc telescopic link with built-in spring is equipped in mounting sleeve, and is fixedly connected with fan blade side end by connecting lug, so that fan blade can swing and obtain elastic support.The application adopts pure mechanical passive self-adaptive structure, without electric control and driving assembly, through rear edge swing tail dynamic adjustment airfoil camber, front edge spoiler inhibits airflow separation, realizes aerodynamic self-adaptive operation in full wind speed interval, improves power generation efficiency, reduces structural failure rate and operation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation equipment, specifically relating to a tail-swivel passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure and method. Background Technology

[0002] Wind turbine blades are the aerodynamic capture components of wind turbine generators. Their airfoil structure and aerodynamic adjustment performance directly determine the wind energy utilization efficiency and operational stability of the turbine. Blades capture natural wind energy, converting aerodynamic kinetic energy into rotational mechanical energy, making them a key carrier for converting wind energy into electrical energy. The structural adaptability, load-bearing capacity, and wind speed adaptive performance of the blades directly affect the power generation effect, structural lifespan, and equipment operation and maintenance costs across the entire wind speed range. Therefore, optimizing the blade's adaptive adjustment structure is a research direction for improving the overall performance of wind turbine generators. Existing blades mostly adopt fixed airfoils or active electronic control adjustment. Fixed airfoils cannot dynamically adapt to wind speed changes; active electronic control adjustment requires supporting sensors and drive components, resulting in complex structures, high manufacturing and maintenance costs, and a high risk of electrical faults in outdoor environments, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high-efficiency power generation, structural protection, and low-cost operation. Some fixed spoiler accessories have invariable shapes and cannot achieve passive adaptive aerodynamic adjustment across all wind speeds. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tail-swivel passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure and method to solve the technical defects of existing fixed airfoil blades that cannot dynamically adapt to wind speed, have complex active electronic control adjustment structures, high risk of electrical faults in outdoor working conditions, and fixed turbulence accessories that are difficult to achieve passive adaptive aerodynamic adjustment at all wind speeds, resulting in limited wind turbine power generation efficiency and high overall operation and maintenance costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a tail-swaying passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure, comprising: The fan blade structure includes a blade holder, a front section of the fan blade, a rotating shaft, fan blades, a mounting sleeve, and an arc-shaped telescopic rod with a built-in spring. The blade stalk is fixedly connected to the front section of the fan blade. The front section of the fan blade has a rotating hole. The rotating shaft is rotatably assembled inside the rotating hole. The fan blade is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating shaft. The front section of the fan blade is provided with a flush groove, the mounting sleeve is arranged in the flush groove, the arc-shaped telescopic rod is assembled in the mounting sleeve, the top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod is fixed to the side end of the fan blade through a connecting ear, the fan blade realizes the swing action by relying on the rotating shaft, and is provided with elastic support by the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod. A baffle is arranged at the leading edge of the front section of the fan blade. The baffle includes a guide block, a rotating rod, a baffle plate one, and a baffle plate two. Multiple sets of the guide blocks are arranged at intervals along the length of the front section of the fan blade. The rotating rod passes through each guide block. The baffle plate one and the baffle plate two are hinged to the rotating rod. Pairs of opposite-polarity magnetic blocks are provided between the baffle plate one and the baffle plate two and the front section of the fan blade. Air inlets are opened at the top of the baffle plate one and the baffle plate two.

[0005] Furthermore, the arc-shaped telescopic rod is an elastic telescopic component, and the telescopic stroke of the arc-shaped telescopic rod matches the maximum swing angle of the fan blades; The bottom of the arc-shaped telescopic rod abuts against the bottom of the groove of the mounting sleeve, and the bottom of the groove of the mounting sleeve provides limiting support for the arc-shaped telescopic rod. The top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod is connected to the side end of the fan blade via a connecting lug. When the fan blade swings around the rotation axis, it drives the arc-shaped telescopic rod to extend and retract along an arc-shaped trajectory, and the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod provides rebound support.

[0006] Furthermore, the rotating hole is formed through the front section of the fan blade; The rotating shaft passes through the rotating hole, and both ends of the rotating shaft extend out of the opening of the rotating hole; Limiting structures are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft. The limiting structures abut against the side wall of the front section of the fan blade to axially constrain the rotating shaft and limit axial movement of the rotating shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the spoiler is configured as a convex shape; The second spoiler is configured with a U-shaped structure; The first and second spoilers are fitted together and are hinged to a rotating rod. The first and second spoilers rotate synchronously through the rotating rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the paired opposite-pole magnetic blocks include magnetic block one and magnetic block two; The first magnetic block is embedded at the bottom end of the first and second baffle plates; The second magnetic block is correspondingly embedded on the leading edge surface of the front section of the fan blade; The magnetic attraction surfaces of the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block are opposite pole surfaces, and a magnetic attraction and adhesion constraint is formed between the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block.

[0009] Furthermore, the air inlet is a plurality of through-holes or slots; Several of the aforementioned air inlets are arranged at intervals along the top of the first and second baffles; The opening of the air inlet faces the windward side so that the airflow can act on the inside of the baffle through the air inlet.

[0010] Furthermore, the cross-section of the guide block is triangular; The front end of the flow guide block is provided with an arc transition surface; The guide block is smoothly connected to the leading edge surface of the front section of the fan blade to reduce the aerodynamic drag generated when the airflow passes through the connection.

[0011] Furthermore, the petiole has a T-shaped structure; One end of the blade handle is an assembly connection end, which is used to achieve detachable assembly with the hub of the wind turbine generator set. The other end of the petiole is fixedly connected to the root of the front section of the fan blade, thereby realizing the force transmission between the petiole and the front section of the fan blade.

[0012] Furthermore, the flush groove is formed at the top of the front section of the fan blade; The groove of the flush groove is aligned with the length direction of the front section of the fan blade. The flush groove forms a clearance space, allowing the arc-shaped telescopic rod to move and avoid obstacles as the fan blades swing.

[0013] In a second aspect, this application provides a wind turbine, including a hub and multiple tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blades as described above; The multiple tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blades are arranged circumferentially along the hub, and the shank of each blade is assembled and fixed to the outer periphery of the hub to form a power transmission connection between the blade structure and the hub.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By combining the blade structure with the leading-edge spoiler, passive adaptive adjustment is achieved by relying on airflow drive. There is no need to configure electronic control and drive components, which overcomes the shortcomings of fixed airfoil blades that cannot dynamically adapt to wind speed and active electronic control adjustment structure that is complex and has a high failure risk. The trailing edge tail can dynamically change the airfoil camber, and the leading-edge spoiler improves airflow separation, realizing adaptive adjustment of aerodynamic performance across the entire wind speed range, improving power generation efficiency and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0015] 2. By using an arc-shaped telescopic rod whose extension stroke matches the maximum swing angle of the fan blades, and in conjunction with the bottom limit support of the mounting slot, the arc-shaped telescopic rod extends and retracts along the arc trajectory when the fan blades swing, and obtains spring rebound support. This can precisely constrain the swing amplitude of the fan blades, ensure stable and reliable tail swing action, realize adaptive changes in airfoil camber under different wind speeds, and avoid structural damage caused by excessive swing.

[0016] 3. By using a through-hole rotating hole in conjunction with the limiting structure at both ends, an axial constraint is formed on the rotating shaft, which restricts the axial movement of the rotating shaft, ensures the stability of the fan blade position during the swinging process around the shaft, prevents the rotating shaft from deviating and jamming, improves the operational reliability of the fan blade swinging mechanism, and reduces the probability of mechanism failure under outdoor working conditions.

[0017] 4. The convex-shaped spoiler one and the concave-shaped spoiler two are fitted together and hinged to the rotating rod to achieve synchronous rotation. The fitted structure can ensure a high degree of fit during the opening and closing of the spoilers, and the opening and closing actions are synchronized and consistent, reducing airflow turbulence interference caused by gaps and ensuring the adjustment effect of the passive opening and closing of the leading edge spoiler structure.

[0018] 5. By forming a magnetic attraction constraint through paired opposite-polar magnetic blocks, the turbulence vane is attached to the leading edge of the blade by magnetic attraction under low wind speed conditions, avoiding additional aerodynamic drag; when the wind speed increases, the airflow force can overcome the magnetic attraction force to drive the turbulence vane to open, realizing the passive opening and closing of the turbulence component, without the need for an additional driving source, with a simple structure and sensitive response to wind speed changes.

[0019] 6. The through-type air inlets arranged at intervals on the windward side allow the airflow to act smoothly on the inner side of the spoiler. The wind pressure provides the driving force for the spoiler to open, achieving passive opening that changes with wind speed. The arrangement of the slots and holes ensures that the inner side is subjected to uniform force, ensuring smooth opening of the spoiler and improving the adjustment stability of the leading edge spoiler.

[0020] 7. By using a guide block with a triangular cross-section and a rounded transition surface to smoothly connect with the leading edge of the fan blade, the aerodynamic drag of the airflow at the connection point can be reduced, avoiding local eddy current losses; at low wind speeds, additional drag consumption is reduced, ensuring the blade's wind energy capture capability and further optimizing the overall aerodynamic performance of the blade.

[0021] 8. The T-shaped blade shank enables detachable assembly and disassembly with the hub, while simultaneously transmitting force between the blade shank and the root of the front section of the blade. This facilitates easy disassembly and assembly, allowing for individual blade inspection and replacement. It can reliably transmit the wind energy torque captured by the blades, ensuring stable power transmission and adapting to the assembly and use requirements of the entire wind turbine.

[0022] 9. By using a flush groove set along the length of the front section of the fan blade, displacement avoidance space is provided for the swing of the arc-shaped telescopic rod, avoiding interference and scraping between the telescopic rod and the front section of the fan blade during the swing process, ensuring that the arc-shaped telescopic rod swings and extends smoothly with the fan blade, preventing the mechanism from jamming, and improving the working reliability of the tail swing mechanism.

[0023] 10. The hub has multiple blades arranged circumferentially, and the blade shank and hub form a power transmission connection. This passive adaptive blade can be applied to the entire wind turbine. The entire turbine does not need to add a complex electronic control system, and it can achieve good aerodynamic performance at all wind speeds, reducing the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the entire turbine. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the windward side structure of a tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the leeward side structure of the blade in a tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure provided by the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front section structure of a tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure provided by the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fan blade structure in a tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure provided by the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the turbulence-causing component structure in a tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure provided by the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the flow guide block at point B; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the spoiler at point B; The components are as follows: 1. Fan blade structure; 11. Blade holder; 12. Front section of fan blade; 13. Rotating hole; 15. Rotating shaft; 14. Fan blade; 16. Flat groove; 17. Mounting sleeve; 18. Arc-shaped telescopic rod; 19. Connecting ear; 2. Baffle; 21. Guide block; 22. Rotating rod; 23. Baffle plate one; 24. Baffle plate two; 25. Air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0028] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0029] Wind turbine blades are the aerodynamic capture components of wind turbine generators, and their airfoil structure and aerodynamic control performance directly determine the wind energy utilization efficiency and operational stability of the turbine. Blades capture natural wind energy, converting aerodynamic kinetic energy into rotational mechanical energy, making them a key carrier for converting wind energy into electrical energy. The structural adaptability, load-bearing capacity, and wind speed adaptive performance of the blades directly affect the power generation efficiency, structural lifespan, and equipment operation and maintenance costs across the entire wind speed range. Existing blades mostly adopt fixed airfoils or active electronic control control. Fixed airfoils cannot dynamically adapt to changes in wind speed; active electronic control control requires supporting sensors and drive components, resulting in complex structures, high manufacturing and maintenance costs, and a high risk of electrical faults in outdoor environments, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high-efficiency power generation, structural protection, and low-cost operation. Some fixed spoiler accessories have invariable shapes and cannot achieve passive adaptive aerodynamic control across all wind speeds.

[0030] To address the technical deficiencies mentioned in the background section, this embodiment provides a tail-swivel passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure and method. This blade is an aerodynamic capture component of the wind turbine generator set. It adapts to different wind speed conditions by relying on a purely mechanical passive response method. It does not require the configuration of an electronic control unit, sensors, or motor drive components. It achieves adaptive adjustment by relying on the combined action of spring force, airflow pressure difference, and magnetic adsorption force. It can match the best aerodynamic state across the entire wind speed range, solving the industry pain points of traditional fixed airfoil blades being unable to dynamically adapt to wind speed, active electronic control adjustment structures being complex and having a high failure risk, and fixed turbulence accessories being unable to achieve full-wind-speed adaptive adjustment.

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-8As shown, in a first aspect of the present invention, a tail-swaying passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure is provided, comprising: a blade structure 1, the blade structure 1 including a shank 11, a blade front section 12, a rotating shaft 15, a blade 14, a mounting sleeve 17, and an arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 with a built-in spring; the shank 11 is fixedly connected to the blade front section 12, the blade front section 12 has a rotating hole 13, the rotating shaft 15 is rotatably mounted inside the rotating hole 13, and the blade 14 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating shaft 15; the blade front section 12 has a flush groove 16, the mounting sleeve 17 is arranged in the flush groove 16, the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is mounted in the mounting sleeve 17, and the top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is connected to a connecting... Ear 19 is fixed to the side end of fan blade 14. Fan blade 14 swings by means of rotating shaft 15 and is elastically supported by spring inside arc-shaped telescopic rod 18. A baffle 2 is arranged at the leading edge of the front section 12 of fan blade. The baffle 2 includes a guide block 21, a rotating rod 22, a baffle plate 1 23 and a baffle plate 24. Multiple sets of guide blocks 21 are arranged at intervals along the length of the front section 12 of fan blade. The rotating rod 22 passes through each guide block 21. The baffle plate 1 23 and the baffle plate 24 are hinged to the rotating rod 22. Pairs of opposite pole magnets are provided between the baffle plate 1 23, the baffle plate 24 and the front section 12 of fan blade. An air inlet 25 is opened at the top of the baffle plate 1 23 and the baffle plate 24.

[0032] Among them, the blade structure 1, as the trailing edge sway component, can passively change the airfoil camber of the blade according to the wind speed; the spoiler 2, as the leading edge adaptive anti-flow component, can passively open and close according to the wind speed. The blade structure 1 and the spoiler 2 cooperate with each other and work together to achieve passive adaptive adjustment of the blade at all wind speeds.

[0033] Both the fan blade structure 1 and the spoiler 2 are arranged on the same blade body, forming a front-to-back positional relationship along the airflow direction of the blade: the spoiler 2 is arranged at the leading edge of the blade, and the fan blade structure 1 is arranged at the trailing edge of the blade; the spoiler 2 at the leading edge pre-organizes the incoming flow, improving the airflow state near the leading edge of the blade; the fan blade structure 1 at the trailing edge dynamically adjusts the airfoil camber, changing the overall aerodynamic shape of the blade. Spatially, they are independent and do not interfere with each other; functionally, they complement each other and work synergistically to form the complete passive adaptive aerodynamic control system of this invention. The fan blade structure 1 and the spoiler 2 will be described in detail below.

[0034] The fan blade structure 1, as the trailing edge tail assembly of the present invention, mainly solves the problem of dynamic adjustment of the airfoil curvature of the blade. It is arranged in the trailing edge region of the blade body. The fan blade structure 1 includes a blade stalk 11, a fan blade front section 12, a rotating hole 13, a fan blade 14, a rotating shaft 15, a flush groove 16, a mounting sleeve 17, an arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, and a connecting lug 19.

[0035] In this embodiment, the blade shank 11 preferably adopts a T-shaped structure. The blade shank 11 is the connecting component between the entire blade and the wind turbine hub, and it is also a key load-bearing component that bears and transmits aerodynamic and centrifugal loads. One end of the blade shank 11 is an assembly connection end, which is used to achieve detachable assembly with the wind turbine hub. The assembly connection end is constructed in a shape that facilitates docking and mating with the hub, and can be assembled and fixed with the hub using various detachable connection methods such as threaded connection, bolt connection, or snap-fit.

[0036] The detachable assembly structure facilitates the overall installation and disassembly of the blades, making it easier to inspect and replace individual blades later, thus reducing the difficulty of disassembly and assembly during operation and maintenance. On the other hand, the T-shaped structure itself has good structural strength, and the T-shaped cross arm at the assembly connection end can provide a large contact area when connected to the hub, dispersing the contact stress at the connection point and preventing connection failure caused by local stress concentration.

[0037] The other end of the petiole 11 is fixedly connected to the root of the front section 12 of the fan blade to realize the force transmission between the petiole 11 and the front section 12 of the fan blade. The two can be fixedly connected by integral molding or welding, riveting and other methods to ensure that the petiole 11 and the front section 12 of the fan blade form a strong overall force-bearing structure.

[0038] The connection between the blade stalk 11 and the front section 12 of the blade is located at the root of the front section 12 (i.e., the end closest to the hub), which is the area where the blade experiences the greatest stress. The T-shaped blade stalk 11 is fixedly connected to the root of the front section 12 of the blade through its wider crossarm, which can reliably transmit the torque generated after the blade captures wind energy to the hub, and then to the generator set to complete the power generation operation. At the same time, the T-shaped structure also ensures that the blade root has sufficient structural rigidity to withstand the centrifugal force, aerodynamic bending moment and vibration load generated by the blade during operation, avoiding fatigue failure due to stress concentration at the blade root.

[0039] The front section 12 of the blade is fixedly connected to the blade shank 11 and is the main load-bearing and connecting carrier in the blade structure 1. The front section 12 of the blade also undertakes multiple functions such as connecting the blade shank 11, installing the rotating shaft 15, accommodating the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, and arranging the spoiler 2. It is the load-bearing and assembly platform in the blade structure.

[0040] The front section 12 of the fan blade is generally a right trapezoid when viewed from above, and its shape is approximately an isosceles triangle when viewed from both sides. The structure gradually narrows from the end of the blade stem to the opening of the blade. The opening of the front section 12 of the fan blade is C-shaped or U-shaped. This narrowing structure adapts to the aerodynamic shape requirements of the blade gradually becoming thinner and narrower from the root to the tip, so that the overall blade conforms to the aerodynamic shape design requirements and reduces aerodynamic drag during operation. On the other hand, the C-shaped or U-shaped open structure formed at the tip of the front section 12 of the fan blade provides the necessary installation space and movement space for the swing of the fan blade 14 and the extension and retraction of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18.

[0041] The front section 12 of the fan blade forms a structure that is wider at the front end, narrower at the rear end, and open at the rear end. The fan blade 14 is located in the open area of ​​the front section 12 of the fan blade and can swing relative to the front section 12 around the rotation axis 15.

[0042] A rotating hole 13 is provided through the front section 12 of the fan blade along its own length direction. The rotating hole 13 is provided through the front section 12 of the fan blade to provide a rotating mounting base for the rotating shaft 15. A flush groove 16 is provided at the top of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The groove of the flush groove 16 is consistent with the length direction of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The flush groove 16 is provided at the top of the front section 12 of the fan blade and provides clearance space for the installation and movement of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18.

[0043] The root of the blade front section 12 is fixedly connected to the blade shank 11. The leading edge surface of the blade front section 12 is provided with the mounting base of the turbulence component 2 (guide block 21 and magnetic block 2). The open area of ​​the blade front section 12 is equipped with a rotating shaft 15, blade 14, mounting sleeve 17 and arc-shaped telescopic rod 18. The blade front section 12 integrates the blade shank 11, the leading edge turbulence component 2 and the trailing edge tail mechanism of the blade body into one, forming a wind turbine blade structure with a compact structure and clear assembly relationship.

[0044] The rotating hole 13 is opened through the length of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The rotating shaft 15 is rotatably assembled inside the rotating hole 13. The rotating shaft 15 can complete the rotation around its own axis inside the rotating hole 13. The rotating shaft 15 is symmetrically distributed along the length of the blade, so that the fan blade 14 can be stably installed on the rotating shaft 15, ensuring the symmetry and stability of the swinging motion of the fan blade 14.

[0045] Both ends of the rotating shaft 15 extend out of the opening of the rotating hole 13. Limiting structures are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 15. The limiting structures abut against the side wall of the front section 12 of the fan blade to axially constrain the rotating shaft 15 and limit the axial movement of the rotating shaft 15. The limiting structure can be a limiting boss, retaining ring, retaining ring or pin provided at the end of the rotating shaft 15.

[0046] The limiting structure abuts against the side wall of the front section 12 of the fan blade, constraining the two degrees of freedom of movement of the rotating shaft 15 in the axial direction, so that the rotating shaft 15 can only rotate within the rotating hole 13 and cannot be displaced in the axial direction.

[0047] By setting this limiting structure, the axial displacement, disengagement or movement of the rotating shaft 15 can be avoided when the fan is under long-term vibration and alternating load conditions, and the uneven wear and jamming between the rotating shaft 15 and the rotating hole 13 can be prevented.

[0048] If the rotating shaft 15 moves axially, it will cause the position of the fan blade 14 to shift, which will damage the connection between the fan blade 14 and the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 and the connecting ear 19, affecting the normal operation of the entire tail swing mechanism. After setting the limit structure, the fan blade 14 tail swing mechanism can be guaranteed to work stably and reliably for a long time, improving the reliability and service life of the mechanism.

[0049] The rotating shaft 15 supports and positions the fan blade 14 on one hand, and serves as the rotation center for the fan blade 14 to swing on the other hand. The fan blade 14 is fixed to the inner end of the rotating shaft 15. When the rotating shaft 15 rotates in the rotating hole 13, it can synchronously drive the fan blade 14 fixed to its inner end to complete the swinging action. The rotating shaft 15 and the fan blade 14 are fixedly connected and rotate synchronously to ensure that the swing angle of the fan blade 14 is consistent with the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 15.

[0050] The fan blade 14 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating shaft 15. The fan blade 14 can swing around the rotating shaft 15. The fan blade 14 is a moving part at the trailing edge of the blade used to adjust the airfoil camber. It is the actuator in the trailing edge tail mechanism that directly changes the aerodynamic shape of the airfoil.

[0051] The fan blade 14 has a sheet-like structure. One end of the blade is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating shaft 15, while the other end is free. The sheet-like body of the fan blade 14 has a certain area. When the airflow passes over the fan blade 14, it will generate aerodynamic force on the surface of the fan blade 14, which will push the fan blade 14 to swing around the rotating shaft 15. The fan blade 14 swings around the rotating shaft 15 with the help of the rotating shaft 15. The fan blade 14 can swing back and forth around the axis of the rotating shaft 15 relative to the front section 12 of the fan blade.

[0052] When the fan blade 14 swings, the airfoil camber at the trailing edge of the blade changes accordingly, thereby altering the aerodynamic shape of the entire blade. When the fan blade 14 swings outward, the trailing edge camber increases, the airfoil camber increases, the blade's ability to deflect airflow is enhanced, and the wind energy capture capability is enhanced. When the fan blade 14 swings inward, the trailing edge camber decreases, the airfoil camber decreases, the blade's ability to deflect airflow is weakened, and the aerodynamic unloading effect is enhanced.

[0053] During the swing of the fan blade 14, it will drive the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 connected to it to move synchronously. The spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 provides elastic support for the fan blade 14. The motion state of the fan blade 14 is the result of the balance between the airflow force and the spring force. Through this mechanical balance, the passive adaptive adjustment of the airfoil camber is achieved.

[0054] The flush groove 16 is formed at the top of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The groove of the flush groove 16 is aligned with the length direction of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The flush groove 16 extends along the length direction of the front section 12 of the fan blade to form a continuous groove structure. The flush groove 16 forms a clearance space so that the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 can move and avoid collisions with the main body structure of the front section 12 of the fan blade when it swings with the fan blade 14. This prevents the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 from scraping or interfering with the main body structure of the front section 12 of the fan blade during the telescopic swing process and avoids the failure of the mechanism to jam.

[0055] The groove direction of the flush groove 16 is consistent with the length direction of the front section 12 of the fan blade, so that the installation direction of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is consistent with the length direction of the blade. The arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 can freely extend and retract along a specified trajectory within the flush groove 16. The flush groove 16 provides sufficient clearance for the movement of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, ensuring that the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 will not interfere with the front section 12 of the fan blade throughout its entire extension and retraction stroke.

[0056] An installation sleeve 17 is arranged through the bottom of the flush groove 16. The installation sleeve 17 is set inside the cavity of the flush groove 16. The installation sleeve 17 is used to accommodate and position the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18. The installation sleeve 17 provides an installation base for the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, so that the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 can be stably assembled inside the front section 12 of the fan blade.

[0057] The mounting sleeve 17 can be made of metal or wear-resistant material. Its interior forms a mounting cavity to accommodate the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, which guides and supports the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, ensuring that the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 completes the telescopic movement along the specified trajectory. The bottom of the mounting sleeve 17 forms a limiting support surface at the bottom of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, which constrains the retraction limit position of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18.

[0058] The arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is assembled in the mounting sleeve 17. The arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is an elastic telescopic component with a built-in spring. The arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is arranged in an arc shape to adapt to the arc-shaped motion trajectory generated during the swing of the fan blade 14.

[0059] The extension stroke of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is matched with the maximum swing angle of the fan blade 14. That is, the extension range of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 needs to cover the movement distance corresponding to the swing of the fan blade 14 from the maximum curvature position to the minimum curvature position, so as to ensure that the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 can achieve effective connection and elastic support for the fan blade 14 throughout the entire swing range, and will not fail to connect or interfere with the movement due to insufficient stroke.

[0060] The bottom of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 abuts against the bottom of the groove of the mounting sleeve 17. The bottom of the groove of the mounting sleeve 17 provides limiting support for the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, constraining the extreme position of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18's contraction, preventing the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 from contracting excessively and coming out of the mounting sleeve 17 or causing damage to the mounting sleeve 17. The top of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is fixed to the side end of the fan blade 14 through the connecting ear 19, connecting the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 and the fan blade 14 into one unit.

[0061] The arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is equipped with a spring inside, which provides a rebound force for the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18. When the fan blade 14 swings around the rotation axis 15, it will drive the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 to extend and retract along the arc trajectory: when the fan blade 14 swings outward and the airfoil camber increases, the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is stretched, the internal spring stores elastic potential energy, and generates a reverse elastic force on the fan blade 14; when the fan blade 14 swings inward and the airfoil camber decreases, the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is compressed, the internal spring also stores elastic potential energy and generates a reverse elastic force on the fan blade 14.

[0062] The extension and retraction of the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 achieves the effect of elastic support for the fan blade 14 at different positions. The arc-shaped structure of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 matches the arc-shaped trajectory of the fan blade 14's swing, ensuring that the spring force always acts along the tangential direction of the fan blade 14's swing, thus guaranteeing the elastic support effect.

[0063] The connecting ear 19 is fixedly connected to the top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, and the connecting ear 19 is fixedly connected to the side end of the fan blade 14. The connecting ear 19 serves as a connecting component between the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 and the fan blade 14, connecting the top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 and the side end of the fan blade 14 into a whole.

[0064] The connecting ear 19 transmits the elastic support force of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 to the fan blade 14, so that the fan blade 14 is always supported by the spring force; on the other hand, when the fan blade 14 swings, it drives the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 to move together through the connecting ear 19, so as to realize the linkage of motion.

[0065] The connecting ear 19 can be connected to the fan blade 14 by means of hinge, fixed connection or other means to ensure that the relative movement between the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 and the fan blade 14 is flexible and smooth, and at the same time ensures reliable force transmission. The connecting ear 19 is set between the top of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 and the side end of the fan blade 14. Its connection position is reasonably set so that the telescopic movement of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 can be effectively driven by the swinging movement of the fan blade 14, and at the same time the spring force can act on the fan blade 14 in a direction that is conducive to the swinging of the fan blade 14.

[0066] The fan blade 14, rotating shaft 15, and arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 together constitute the trailing edge swing actuator of the blade. The fan blade 14 is hinged to the front section 12 of the fan blade via the rotating shaft 15. Driven by the airflow force, the fan blade 14 swings, and the swinging process compresses or releases the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18. The fan blade 14 is hinged to the front section 12 of the fan blade via the rotating shaft 15 and is elastically supported by the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 via the connecting lug 19. The extension and retraction of the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 can drive the fan blade 14 to swing, thereby changing the overall airfoil camber of the blade.

[0067] The working principle of the fan blade structure 1 is as follows: During operation, the airflow flows over the surface of the fan blade 14 and generates an aerodynamic force on the fan blade 14. Under this aerodynamic force, the fan blade 14 swings around the rotating shaft 15. At the same time, the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 generates an elastic force on the fan blade 14 in the opposite direction of swing. The fan blade 14 eventually stops at a position where the aerodynamic force and the spring force are in balance, thereby determining the airfoil camber of the trailing edge of the blade.

[0068] When the external wind speed is low, the thrust generated by the airflow on the fan blade 14 is small, and the elastic force of the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 dominates. The spring keeps the fan blade 14 in a large swing angle position, and the overall airfoil curvature of the blade is large, thereby improving the low wind speed start-up performance of the wind turbine and enhancing the wind energy capture efficiency.

[0069] When strong winds enter the external environment, the thrust generated by the airflow on the fan blade 14 increases. The airflow force overcomes the spring force and pushes the fan blade 14 to swing. While the fan blade 14 swings, it compresses the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, and the overall airfoil curvature of the blade decreases accordingly. This achieves aerodynamic unloading, reduces the impact load on the blade and the main bearing of the fan, alleviates the alternating load on the components, and reduces structural fatigue damage.

[0070] The entire tail-swing adjustment process does not require the intervention of electrical components such as motors and sensors. It relies entirely on the mechanical interaction between wind force and spring force to achieve passive adaptive adjustment, simplifying the overall structure, reducing equipment manufacturing costs, and reducing the maintenance workload caused by the failure of electrical components in complex outdoor environments.

[0071] Through the passive adaptive tail design of the blade structure 1, the optimal airfoil state can be dynamically matched across the entire wind speed range, effectively improving the wind turbine's start-up performance and wind energy capture efficiency at low wind speeds. At the same time, it can automatically complete aerodynamic unloading in strong wind environments, reducing the impact load on the blades and main bearings, mitigating structural fatigue damage. The structure does not require additional electrical control and drive systems, greatly simplifying the overall wind turbine construction, reducing manufacturing costs and post-maintenance difficulty, and making it more adaptable to various scenarios.

[0072] In this embodiment, the turbulence-disrupting component 2, as the leading-edge adaptive anti-flow component of the present invention, is arranged at the leading edge of the fan blade front section 12, mainly to solve the problems of airflow separation and boundary layer stall on the blade surface under medium and high wind speed conditions. The turbulence-disrupting component 2 includes a guide block 21, a rotating rod 22, a first turbulence-disrupting plate 23, a second turbulence-disrupting plate 24, a pair of opposite-polarity magnetic blocks, and an air inlet 25.

[0073] Multiple sets of guide blocks 21 are arranged at intervals along the length of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The guide blocks 21 are fixedly set at the leading edge of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The cross-section of the guide block 21 is triangular, and the front end of the guide block 21 is provided with an arc transition surface. The guide block 21 and the leading edge surface of the front section 12 of the fan blade are smoothly connected to reduce the aerodynamic resistance generated when the airflow passes through the connection.

[0074] Multiple sets of guide blocks 21 are arranged at intervals along the length of the front section 12 of the fan blade, and gaps are formed between the multiple sets of guide blocks 21 to provide space for the installation and swinging of the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24. The guide block 21 is a block structure with a triangular cross section. The arc transition surface at the front end is smoothly connected to the leading edge surface of the front section 12 of the fan blade, forming a continuous and smooth airflow transition surface at the leading edge of the blade.

[0075] By setting the guide block 21, on the one hand, it provides a support base for the rotating rod 22, and on the other hand, it reduces the aerodynamic drag at the leading edge of the blade through a smooth transition connection, avoiding additional eddy current losses caused by abrupt changes in local structure. Especially under low wind speed conditions, it can minimize additional drag and ensure the wind energy capture capability of the blade base.

[0076] The triangular cross-section of the guide block 21 creates a sharp, streamlined shape at its front end, facilitating smooth airflow. The rounded transition surface at the front further optimizes the airflow path and reduces flow resistance. The guide block 21 smoothly transitions to the leading edge of the fan blade front section 12, eliminating any obvious steps or gaps between them. This prevents airflow separation or vortex generation at the connection point, thus reducing aerodynamic drag. Multiple guide blocks 21 are spaced apart along the length, ensuring the stability of the rotating rod 22 while providing space for the oscillation of the spoiler, while simultaneously reducing the windward area of ​​the guide block 21 itself and lowering additional drag.

[0077] The rotating rod 22 synchronously passes through all the multiple sets of guide blocks 21. The rotating rod 22 is installed at the center of the front arc of the guide block 21. The rotating rod 22 serves as the hinged mounting base for the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24. After passing through the multiple sets of guide blocks 21, it forms a continuous rotation axis between the guide blocks 21, providing rotational support for the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24.

[0078] The rotating rod 22 is located at the center of the arc at the front end of the guide block 21, so that after the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 are hinged to the rotating rod 22, they can swing around the center of the arc at the front end of the guide block 21. After the spoilers open, they form a regular structure based on the arc.

[0079] The rotating rod 22 passes through multiple sets of guide blocks 21, so that the baffles between each guide block 21 can rotate synchronously by relying on the same rotating rod 22, ensuring that the opening and closing action of the baffles of the entire baffle 2 is consistent along the blade length direction. The rotating rod 22 connects multiple sets of guide blocks 21 and baffles 23 and 24 set between the guide blocks 21 into a whole, realizing the overall synchronous opening and closing of the baffle 2 along the blade length direction.

[0080] The first spoiler 23 is configured with a convex structure, and the second spoiler 24 is configured with a concave structure. The first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 are fitted together and assembled. Both the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 are hinged to the rotating rod 22. The first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 rotate synchronously through the rotating rod 22.

[0081] The first spoiler 23 is convex in shape, and the second spoiler 24 is concave in shape. The convex spoiler 23 can be fitted into the concave spoiler 24. The two cooperate with each other and fit into a whole. This convex-concave fitting structure can ensure that the two spoilers move synchronously during opening and closing. When closed, the two fit tightly together, reducing airflow turbulence caused by gaps and ensuring the overall aerodynamic effect of the spoiler 2.

[0082] Both the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 are hinged to the outer surface of the rotating rod 22, and can swing around the rotating rod 22. When the airflow is applied, the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 open outward synchronously around the rotating rod 22 to form a raised triangular structure. When the airflow force decreases or disappears, under the action of magnetic adsorption force, the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 return to the retracted state and adhere to the leading edge surface of the front section 12 of the fan blade.

[0083] The convex-concave interlocking structure of the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 allows the spoiler 2 to form a complete and aerodynamically regular triangular protrusion when it is opened. This protrusion can generate tiny induced vortices at the leading edge of the blade, disturb the boundary layer airflow, and delay airflow separation.

[0084] The first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 rotate synchronously through the rotating rod 22, ensuring that the two spoilers move in unison during the opening and closing process, and preventing the asynchronous phenomenon of one opening and the other closing, thus ensuring the stability of the spoiler 2 in operation.

[0085] A pair of opposite-pole magnetic blocks are provided between the first swivel plate 23, the second swivel plate 24 and the front section 12 of the fan blade. The pair of opposite-pole magnetic blocks includes magnetic block one and magnetic block two. Magnetic block one is embedded at the bottom end of the first swivel plate 23 and the second swivel plate 24. Magnetic block two is correspondingly embedded on the leading edge surface of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The magnetic attraction surfaces of magnetic block one and magnetic block two are opposite-pole surfaces, and magnetic attraction and adhesion constraint are formed between magnetic block one and magnetic block two.

[0086] Magnetic block one and magnetic block two are permanent magnets. Magnetic block one is embedded at the bottom of the first turbulence plate 23 and the second turbulence plate 24, and magnetic block two is embedded at the corresponding position on the leading edge surface of the front section 12 of the fan blade. The magnetic attraction surfaces of magnetic block one and magnetic block two are opposite poles, that is, when the side of magnetic block one facing magnetic block two is the N pole, the side of magnetic block two facing magnetic block one is the S pole. The two are arranged opposite each other to generate magnetic attraction force.

[0087] Under low wind speed conditions, the force generated by the airflow is relatively small, and the magnetic attraction between magnetic block one and magnetic block two dominates, keeping the first 23 and the second 24 of the spoiler close to the leading edge of the fan blade 12. The leading edge of the blade remains smooth and does not introduce additional aerodynamic drag, thus ensuring the wind energy capture performance under low wind speed conditions.

[0088] Magnetic block one and magnetic block two form a magnetic attraction constraint, which provides the resetting force for the spoiler to return to its retracted state. When the spoiler opens, magnetic block one and magnetic block two separate, and the magnetic attraction constraint is released. When the airflow force decreases, the spoiler retracts and re-adheres to its leading edge under the action of magnetic attraction. The opposite pole arrangement of the magnetic blocks ensures the direction and magnitude of the magnetic attraction force, enabling the spoiler to reliably retract and open within the design wind speed range.

[0089] Air inlets 25 are provided at the top of spoiler 1 23 and spoiler 24. The air inlets 25 are several through holes and slots. The air inlets 25 are arranged at intervals along the top of spoiler 1 23 and spoiler 24. The openings of the air inlets 25 face the windward side so that the airflow can act on the inside of the spoiler through the air inlets 25.

[0090] An air inlet 25 is opened through the top of the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24, with the opening facing the windward side, so that the incoming airflow can enter the inner cavity of the spoiler through the air inlet 25. When the ambient wind speed increases, the windward airflow passes through the air inlet 25 and enters the inner side of the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24, forming an air pressure difference inside. When the wind pressure force is greater than the magnetic attraction constraint force between the magnetic blocks, the air pressure difference pushes the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 to open outward around the rotating rod 22. After opening, the spoiler 2 as a whole forms a raised triangular structure.

[0091] Several air inlets 25 are arranged at intervals along the top of the spoiler, allowing airflow to enter the inside of the spoiler evenly and form a uniform pressure distribution inside, ensuring that the spoiler is subjected to balanced force and opens and closes smoothly. The openings of the air inlets 25 face the windward side, so that the air inlets 25 can face the incoming flow direction directly, capturing the airflow to the maximum extent and ensuring that a sufficient driving air pressure difference can be established inside the spoiler.

[0092] In this embodiment, under natural conditions, the spoiler 2 relies on the magnetic attraction between magnetic block one and magnetic block two to make the spoiler one 23 and spoiler two 24 close together and adhere to the leading edge of the blade; when the wind speed increases, the airflow enters the inner side of the spoiler from the air inlet 25, generating a pressure difference, which overcomes the magnetic force and causes the spoiler to open outward, forming a raised triangular structure.

[0093] Once opened, the spoiler 2 can generate tiny induced vortices at the leading edge of the blade. These vortices disturb the airflow in the blade boundary layer, delay the airflow separation phenomenon on the blade surface, postpone the critical operating point of aerodynamic stall, widen the wind speed range in which the blade can work efficiently, and improve the wind energy utilization coefficient in the medium and high wind speed range. At low wind speeds, the spoiler 2 keeps the leading edge smooth to avoid additional drag loss.

[0094] Through the adaptive opening and closing design of the leading edge of the spoiler 2, the airflow state on the blade surface can be actively improved under medium and high wind speed conditions, delaying boundary layer separation and stall, widening the wind speed range for efficient blade operation, and improving the wind energy utilization coefficient; at low wind speeds, it maintains a smooth leading edge, avoiding additional aerodynamic drag losses. The whole adopts a purely passive drive structure, which is stable and reliable in operation, and forms a synergistic gain with the trailing edge tail structure, comprehensively improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the blade.

[0095] The trailing edge swing mechanism of the fan blade structure 1 and the turbulence element 2 at the leading edge can form a synergistic effect; under low wind speed conditions, the incoming flow velocity is low, and the aerodynamic force generated by the airflow on the fan blade 14 is small.

[0096] At this time, the elastic force of the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 dominates the airflow force. The spring keeps the fan blade 14 in a large swing angle position. The overall airfoil curvature of the blade is large, and the blade has a strong ability to deflect the airflow. It can effectively capture wind energy at low wind speeds and improve the wind turbine's start-up performance and low wind speed power generation capacity.

[0097] Meanwhile, under low wind speed conditions, the magnetic attraction between magnetic block one and magnetic block two dominates the airflow force of the spoiler 2. The magnetic attraction keeps the spoiler 1 23 and spoiler 2 24 closed and attached to the leading edge surface of the fan blade 12. At this time, the leading edge of the blade remains smooth and flat, and no additional aerodynamic drag is introduced due to the protrusion of the spoiler, thus ensuring the wind energy capture efficiency at low wind speeds.

[0098] Therefore, under low wind speed conditions, the blade structure 1 maintains a large curvature to enhance wind energy capture, while the spoiler 2 maintains a smooth leading edge to reduce drag. The two work together to optimize the blade's low wind speed start-up performance and wind energy capture efficiency.

[0099] As the wind speed increases, the aerodynamic force of the airflow on the fan blade 14 gradually increases. When the airflow force exceeds the elastic force of the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, the airflow pushes the fan blade 14 to swing around the rotation axis 15. While the fan blade 14 swings inward, it compresses the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18, and the airfoil camber of the trailing edge of the blade decreases accordingly, thus achieving a certain degree of aerodynamic unloading.

[0100] At the same time, as the wind speed increases, the windward airflow passes through the air inlet 25 and enters the inner side of the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24. When the force generated by the pressure difference inside exceeds the magnetic attraction constraint between the magnetic blocks, the airflow pressure difference pushes the first spoiler 23 and the second spoiler 24 to open outward around the rotating rod 22, and the spoiler 2 as a whole forms a convex triangular structure. After opening, the spoiler 2 generates a small induced vortex at the leading edge of the blade, which disturbs the boundary layer airflow, delays airflow separation, and postpones the occurrence of stall.

[0101] Therefore, under medium-to-high wind speed conditions, on the one hand, the blade structure 1 achieves aerodynamic unloading by reducing the airfoil camber, and on the other hand, the spoiler 2 opens to play the role of resisting airflow separation and preventing stall. The two work together to achieve stable and efficient operation of the blade in the medium-to-high wind speed range.

[0102] Under strong wind conditions, the force of the airflow on the fan blade 14 is further increased, and the fan blade 14 is pushed to a larger swing angle position by the airflow. The spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod 18 is greatly compressed, and the airfoil curvature of the trailing edge of the blade is greatly reduced, achieving a large-scale aerodynamic unloading, effectively reducing the impact load on the blade and the main bearing of the wind turbine, and mitigating structural fatigue damage.

[0103] Meanwhile, the spoiler 2 remains open under strong wind conditions, continuously generating induced vortices at the leading edge of the blade, delaying airflow separation and protecting the blade airfoil. At this time, the blade, through the significantly reduced airfoil camber and the open leading-edge spoiler, jointly achieves unloading and protection against strong winds, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the blade in strong wind environments.

[0104] As can be seen from the above working process, the entire blade adjustment mechanism of this invention is driven entirely by pure physical mechanisms such as spring force, airflow pressure difference, and permanent magnet magnetic attraction, without the need for external sensors, electricity, or electronic control drive components. The fan blade structure 1 achieves airfoil camber adjustment through the mechanical balance between airflow force and spring force, while the spoiler component 2 achieves spoiler opening and closing adjustment through the mechanical balance between airflow pressure difference and magnetic attraction. This purely mechanical passive drive method has high mechanical redundancy and reliability. Even if individual springs or magnetic blocks experience performance degradation, it will not cause the entire adjustment mechanism to completely fail, and the system can still maintain adaptive adjustment function to a certain extent. At the same time, the purely mechanical structure does not involve electrical components, and can work stably in harsh environments such as outdoor wind and sand, temperature differences, rain and snow, without being affected by electrical faults. It has strong environmental adaptability, reducing the difficulty of overall machine manufacturing and the pressure of later maintenance.

[0105] In a second aspect of the present invention, a wind turbine is provided, which includes a hub and a multi-blade passive adaptive wind turbine structure with tail sway. The multi-blade passive adaptive wind turbine structure is arranged circumferentially along the hub, and the blade shank 11 of each blade structure is assembled and fixed to the outer periphery of the hub to form a power transmission connection between the blade structure and the hub.

[0106] Multiple sets of blades are evenly arranged around the hub to capture wind energy. Each blade is detachably assembled with the hub through the mounting connection end of the blade shank 11. After capturing wind energy, the blades convert air kinetic energy into rotational mechanical energy, which is then transferred to the hub through the blade shank 11 and further transferred to the generator set to complete the power generation operation.

[0107] Wind turbines equipped with this blade structure can achieve good aerodynamic performance across the entire wind speed range without the need for additional complex electronic control and regulation systems. This not only improves the ability to start generating electricity at low wind speeds but also provides load unloading protection in high wind conditions, reducing the overall manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0108] This embodiment achieves passive adaptive aerodynamic adjustment of the blade across the entire wind speed range through the coordinated operation of the blade structure 1 (tailing edge sway assembly) and the turbulence-inducing component 2 (leading edge adaptive anti-flow assembly).

[0109] Specifically, firstly, through the passive adaptive tailing design of blade structure 1, it can dynamically match the optimal airfoil state across the entire wind speed range, effectively improving the turbine's start-up performance and wind energy capture efficiency at low wind speeds. Simultaneously, it automatically completes aerodynamic unloading in strong wind environments, reducing the impact load on the blades and main bearings and mitigating structural fatigue damage. This structure requires no additional electrical control or drive system, significantly simplifying the overall turbine construction, reducing manufacturing costs and subsequent maintenance difficulties, and enhancing its adaptability to various scenarios.

[0110] Secondly, through the adaptive opening and closing design of the leading edge of the spoiler 2, the airflow state on the blade surface can be actively improved under medium and high wind speed conditions, delaying boundary layer separation and stall, widening the wind speed range for efficient blade operation, and improving the wind energy utilization coefficient; at low wind speeds, it maintains a smooth leading edge, avoiding additional aerodynamic drag losses. The overall structure adopts a purely passive drive structure, which is stable and reliable in operation, and forms a synergistic gain with the trailing edge tail structure, comprehensively improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the blade.

[0111] Third, the blade structure 1 and the spoiler 2 both adopt a purely mechanical passive drive mode, which does not require an electrical control and drive system. The mechanical redundancy has high reliability and strong environmental adaptability, which can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of wind turbine generators in the entire wind speed range, reduce impact loads and structural fatigue damage, simplify equipment structure, and reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0112] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail-swaying passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure, characterized in that, include: The fan blade structure includes a blade holder, a front section of the fan blade, a rotating shaft, fan blades, a mounting sleeve, and an arc-shaped telescopic rod with a built-in spring. The blade stalk is fixedly connected to the front section of the fan blade. The front section of the fan blade has a rotating hole. The rotating shaft is rotatably assembled inside the rotating hole. The fan blade is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating shaft. The front section of the fan blade is provided with a flush groove, the mounting sleeve is arranged in the flush groove, the arc-shaped telescopic rod is assembled in the mounting sleeve, the top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod is fixed to the side end of the fan blade through a connecting ear, the fan blade realizes the swing action by relying on the rotating shaft, and is provided with elastic support by the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod. A baffle is arranged at the leading edge of the front section of the fan blade. The baffle includes a guide block, a rotating rod, a baffle plate one, and a baffle plate two. Multiple sets of the guide blocks are arranged at intervals along the length of the front section of the fan blade. The rotating rod passes through each guide block. The baffle plate one and the baffle plate two are hinged to the rotating rod. Pairs of opposite-polarity magnetic blocks are provided between the baffle plate one and the baffle plate two and the front section of the fan blade. Air inlets are opened at the top of the baffle plate one and the baffle plate two.

2. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped telescopic rod is an elastic and telescopic component, and the extension and retraction stroke of the arc-shaped telescopic rod is matched with the maximum swing angle of the fan blades; The bottom of the arc-shaped telescopic rod abuts against the bottom of the groove of the mounting sleeve, and the bottom of the groove of the mounting sleeve provides limiting support for the arc-shaped telescopic rod. The top end of the arc-shaped telescopic rod is connected to the side end of the fan blade via a connecting lug. When the fan blade swings around the rotation axis, it drives the arc-shaped telescopic rod to extend and retract along an arc-shaped trajectory, and the spring inside the arc-shaped telescopic rod provides rebound support.

3. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating hole is opened through the length of the front section of the fan blade. The rotating shaft passes through the rotating hole, and both ends of the rotating shaft extend out of the opening of the rotating hole; Limiting structures are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft. The limiting structures abut against the side wall of the front section of the fan blade to axially constrain the rotating shaft and limit axial movement of the rotating shaft.

4. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spoiler is configured with a convex shape; The second spoiler is configured with a U-shaped structure; The first and second spoilers are fitted together and are hinged to a rotating rod. The first and second spoilers rotate synchronously through the rotating rod.

5. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The paired opposite-pole magnetic blocks include magnetic block one and magnetic block two; The first magnetic block is embedded at the bottom end of the first and second baffle plates; The second magnetic block is correspondingly embedded on the leading edge surface of the front section of the fan blade; The magnetic attraction surfaces of the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block are opposite pole surfaces, and a magnetic attraction and adhesion constraint is formed between the first magnetic block and the second magnetic block.

6. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet is a series of through-holes and slots; Several of the aforementioned air inlets are arranged at intervals along the top of the first and second baffles; The opening of the air inlet faces the windward side so that the airflow can act on the inside of the baffle through the air inlet.

7. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the guide block is triangular; The front end of the flow guide block is provided with an arc transition surface; The guide block is smoothly connected to the leading edge surface of the front section of the fan blade to reduce the aerodynamic drag generated when the airflow passes through the connection.

8. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The petiole has a T-shaped structure; One end of the blade handle is an assembly connection end, which is used to achieve detachable assembly with the hub of the wind turbine generator set. The other end of the petiole is fixedly connected to the root of the front section of the fan blade, thereby realizing the force transmission between the petiole and the front section of the fan blade.

9. The tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flush groove is formed at the top of the front section of the fan blade; The groove of the flush groove is aligned with the length direction of the front section of the fan blade. The flush groove forms a clearance space, allowing the arc-shaped telescopic rod to move and avoid obstacles as the fan blades swing.

10. A wind turbine generator, characterized in that, Includes a hub and multiple tail-swaying passive adaptive wind turbine blades as described in any one of claims 1-9; The multiple tail-wagging passive adaptive wind turbine blades are arranged circumferentially along the hub, and the shank of each blade is assembled and fixed to the outer periphery of the hub to form a power transmission connection between the blade structure and the hub.

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