Stable output air pump

Abstract

The application provides a gas pump and relates to the technical field of gas compression equipment. The gas pump comprises a driving mechanism and a compression mechanism. The compression mechanism comprises a compression assembly and a transmission assembly connected with the driving mechanism and the compression assembly. The compression mechanism has a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber. The high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber are respectively communicated with the compression assembly. A variable overflow hole is arranged on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. In a normal pressure state, the variable overflow hole is in a closed or closed state, and the elastic variable aperture is zero or tends to be zero. In a high-pressure state, the variable overflow hole is elastically deformed under the action of air pressure, and the elastic variable aperture increases with the increase of air pressure. The gas pump provided by the application solves the technical problems that the fixed overflow hole in the prior art cannot dynamically adjust the flow cross section with the change of air pressure, cannot be automatically closed when there is no air pressure, results in air quantity loss and dust intrusion, and has poor steady pressure precision and inaccurate softness control of the air bag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas compression equipment, and more specifically, to a gas pump with stable output. Background Technology

[0002] During the inflation process of air pumps, the continuous increase in inflation pressure often leads to excessively high air bag stiffness, affecting the user experience. To solve this problem, some air pumps have added a fixed-diameter overflow structure to limit the pressure limit by releasing excess gas. However, the fixed overflow orifice has the following drawbacks: in the absence of air pressure or under low air pressure, the overflow orifice remains open, resulting in effective air loss during the pump startup phase and reduced inflation efficiency; furthermore, the fixed orifice diameter cannot dynamically adjust the leakage flow according to the actual working pressure, leading to poor pressure stabilization accuracy under pressure fluctuations and inaccurate control of air bag stiffness. In addition, the fixed orifice structure cannot be completely sealed after the air pump stops, allowing external dust to easily enter the pump cavity and affecting the service life of the air pump.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an air pump structure that can automatically adjust the opening of the overflow hole according to the inflation pressure and automatically close when there is no pressure, so as to achieve stable control of inflation pressure, improve the comfort of the air bag and extend the service life of the air pump. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stable output air pump to alleviate the technical problems in the prior art, such as the inability of the fixed overflow hole to dynamically adjust the flow cross section with changes in air pressure, the inability to automatically close when there is no air pressure leading to air loss and dust intrusion, as well as the poor pressure stabilization accuracy of the fixed cross section and the inaccurate control of the softness and hardness of the air bag.

[0005] This invention provides an air pump, which includes a drive mechanism and a compression mechanism. The compression mechanism includes a compression assembly and a transmission assembly connected to the drive mechanism and the compression assembly. The compression mechanism has a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber, which are respectively connected to the compression assembly. A variable overflow orifice is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. The variable overflow orifice is configured as follows: Under normal pressure, the variable overflow orifice is in a closed or nearly closed state, and the elastic variable porosity is zero or nearly zero. Under high pressure, the variable overflow orifice undergoes elastic deformation under air pressure, and the elastic variable orifice increases with increasing air pressure to adjust the overflow rate of the air pump.

[0006] In some embodiments, the variable overflow orifice is formed by an elastic variable orifice structure disposed on an elastic member, the elastic member constituting at least a portion of the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber.

[0007] In some embodiments, the variable overflow orifice is an internal overflow orifice or an external overflow orifice.

[0008] In some embodiments, the elastic variable aperture structure is an elastic slit formed on the elastic element. The elastic slit is integrally formed with the elastic element. Under normal pressure, the elastic slit remains closed due to the elasticity of the elastic element itself. Under high pressure, the wall of the elastic slit expands outward and / or the edge bends to one side, increasing the flow cross-section.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness of the elastic element around the elastic variable hole structure decreases from the edge to the center, and the thickness of the elastic element at the center of the elastic variable hole structure is less than the thickness of the elastic element at the edge of the elastic variable hole structure.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least one unidirectional structure is provided on the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber, and at least a portion of the unidirectional structure constitutes the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber.

[0011] In some embodiments, the one-way structure is an elastomer, which includes a plug-in fixing part and a disc-shaped skirt integrally connected to the plug-in fixing part. The plug-in fixing part is sleeved with a mounting hole, which is located on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. An air passage is provided on the side wall in the area covered by the disc-shaped skirt. The disc-shaped skirt covers the air passage, and the outer edge of the disc-shaped skirt is used to adhere to or separate from the side wall. When airflow blows from the side of the side wall away from the disc-shaped skirt through the air passage to the disc-shaped skirt, the disc-shaped skirt is blown up to open the air passage. When the airflow is reversed, the disc-shaped skirt is pressed against the side wall to close the air passage, thereby forming a one-way valve.

[0012] In some embodiments, the variable overflow hole is provided on the disc-shaped skirt at the position corresponding to the air passage hole.

[0013] In some embodiments, the elastic element is made of rubber or silicone material, and the opening pressure threshold of the elastic slit is set by adjusting the hardness of the material, the thickness of the elastic element, and the geometry of the elastic slit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elastomer is made of rubber or silicone material, and the opening pressure threshold of the one-way valve is set by adjusting the material hardness of the elastomer, the thickness of the disc-shaped skirt, and / or the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the disc-shaped skirt.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The stable output air pump of the present invention, by providing the variable overflow orifice on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber, allows the variable overflow orifice to undergo passive elastic deformation under air pressure, thereby achieving adaptive increase in overflow orifice gap as air pressure increases, thus bringing about the following technical effects: (1) Achieve stepless passive self-stabilization of air pressure, eliminating the need for active control. Existing air pumps often suffer from continuously rising inflation pressure when inflating air bags due to a lack of effective pressure regulation, eventually causing the air bag to harden or even be damaged. This invention utilizes the elastic deformation characteristics of the variable overflow orifice to directly convert the air pressure signal into mechanical deformation: when the internal air pressure increases, the elastic variable orifice automatically increases, and the overflow flow increases accordingly, forming negative feedback regulation. This automatically clamps and stabilizes the air pump's output pressure within a certain range. This process requires no pressure sensor, control chip, solenoid valve, or any externally driven active regulation mechanism, achieving truly passive stepless pressure regulation with rapid response and no control lag, significantly improving system reliability.

[0016] (2) Prevents over-inflation, significantly improving inflation comfort and safety. Because the variable overflow orifice is closed or nearly closed under normal pressure, the air pump experiences almost no additional leakage during startup and low-pressure inflation, ensuring inflation efficiency. When the air pressure inside the airbag approaches or reaches a set threshold, the variable overflow orifice automatically opens and increases the overflow area, preventing further pressure increases and maintaining the airbag's firmness within a comfortable range for the human body. This not only avoids problems such as excessive airbag hardness and a stiff feel caused by over-inflation but also eliminates safety hazards such as airbag bursting or seam tearing caused by excessive pressure. It is particularly suitable for in-cabin pneumatic products with high pressure sensitivity and safety requirements, such as car seats, medical air cushions, and massage devices.

[0017] (3) Reduce the load on the compression mechanism and extend the service life of the air pump. In existing technologies, air pump motors and transmission components such as piston cups and rotors operate under high-pressure stall or near-stall conditions, resulting in high current, high temperature, and severe mechanical wear. This invention, through the overflow unloading effect of the variable overflow orifice under high pressure, effectively reduces the peak pressure within the high-pressure chamber, smoothing the motor load and relieving the piston cups and rotors from severe pressure shocks and alternating stresses. Consequently, motor temperature rise is suppressed, piston cup fatigue aging is slowed, and mechanical wear on the rotor and torsion shaft is reduced, thus extending the overall service life of the air pump at the system level and reducing the product's total lifespan maintenance costs.

[0018] (4) The structure is compact, the assembly is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. Compared to traditional mechanical safety valves or electronic pressure regulation systems, this invention integrates pressure sensing, pressure comparison, and overflow execution into a single elastic variable orifice structure located on the sidewall of the chamber, eliminating the need for additional valve bodies, springs, seals, or electronic control modules. The variable overflow orifice can be directly formed onto the elastic element constituting the chamber sidewall, either integrally molded with existing air pump components or simply embedded, without increasing the axial or radial dimensions of the air pump, thus facilitating miniaturization. Furthermore, the reduced number of components simplifies the assembly process, lowering mold and material costs and resulting in excellent economic efficiency for mass production.

[0019] (5) Adaptable to different working conditions, with strong compatibility and versatility Because the opening degree of the elastic variable pore is continuously positively correlated with the air pressure, the air pump can automatically adjust the overflow rate according to changes in the air bag's volume, material stiffness, and ambient temperature, without needing to recalibrate pressure parameters for different product specifications. For example, in low-temperature environments, when the elastic component hardens, a higher air pressure is required to produce the same deformation, which precisely matches the air bag's need for slightly higher inflation pressure at low temperatures to maintain the same support. Conversely, in high-temperature environments, the elastic component softens, and the overflow pore opens earlier to prevent excessive pressure. This environmentally adaptive characteristic allows the same air pump to be compatible with multiple application scenarios, improving the versatility and platformization of components.

[0020] (6) Eliminates pressure abrupt changes, making the inflation process smooth and imperceptible. Traditional on / off overflow valves produce sudden opening and closing actions when the set pressure is reached, resulting in airflow noise, pressure pulsation, and mechanical vibration. The variable overflow orifice in this invention operates based on the continuous deformation of an elastic material, with the pore area smoothly transitioning with air pressure. The overflow process has no obvious opening or closing critical point, thus achieving gradual pressure unloading. This results in no abrupt "deflating" noise at the end of inflation, a linear and gentle change in air bag stiffness, and almost imperceptible inflation for the user, significantly improving the quietness and perceived quality of high-end pneumatic products. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a stable output air pump according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point M; Figure 4 Yes, this is a schematic diagram of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point N in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a section at point P in the middle; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a stable output air pump according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A magnified view of a portion of point Q; Figure 14 Yes, this is a schematic diagram of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A magnified view of a section at point R in the middle; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a stable-output air pump in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A magnified view of a section at point S in the middle; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic variable hole structure under different air pressure states in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic variable hole structure under different air pressure states in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic variable hole structure of the present invention; Figure 23 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 24 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the elastic variable hole structure in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] icon: 100 - Air pump; 110 - Pump head; 120 - Rubber pad; 130 - Fixing metal clip; 140 - Leather cup; 150 - Base; 170 - Torsion shaft; 180 - Plate; 190 - Top cover; 200 - Elastic element; 210 - Elastic variable hole structure; 220 - Elastic variable porosity; 300 - Motor; 400 - One-way structure; 410 - Disc-shaped skirt; 420 - Inserted fixing part; 430 - Anti-detachment limiting structure; 450 - Air vent. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only used for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 25 As shown, the present invention provides a stable output air pump. The air pump 100 includes a drive mechanism and a compression mechanism. The compression mechanism includes a compression assembly and a transmission assembly connected to the drive mechanism and the compression assembly. The compression mechanism has a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber, which are respectively connected to the compression assembly. A variable overflow orifice is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. The variable overflow orifice is configured as follows: Under normal pressure, the variable overflow orifice is closed or tends to be closed, and the elastic variable porosity 220 is zero or tends to be zero. Under high pressure, the variable overflow orifice undergoes elastic deformation under air pressure. The elastic variable orifice 220 increases with increasing air pressure to adjust the overflow flow of the air pump 100.

[0028] It should be noted that "low pressure" in "low-pressure chamber" does not refer to an absolute pressure value (such as atmospheric pressure or vacuum pressure), but rather to a pressure lower than the "high pressure" of the high-pressure chamber. In other words, during the operation of the air pump 100, there is a pressure difference between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber, with the pressure in the high-pressure chamber being higher than that in the low-pressure chamber. Therefore, the chamber with the relatively higher pressure is called the high-pressure chamber, and the chamber with the relatively lower pressure is called the low-pressure chamber.

[0029] The air pump 100 of the present invention, by providing a variable overflow orifice on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber, allows the variable overflow orifice to undergo passive elastic deformation under air pressure, thereby achieving adaptive increase in overflow orifice gap as air pressure increases, thus bringing about the following technical effects: (1) Achieve stepless passive self-stabilization of air pressure, eliminating the need for active control. Existing air pumps 100 often experience a continuous rise in inflation pressure when inflating air bags due to a lack of effective pressure regulation, ultimately causing the air bag to become too hard or even damaged. This invention utilizes the elastic deformation characteristics of a variable overflow orifice to directly convert the air pressure signal into mechanical deformation: when the internal air pressure increases, the elastic variable orifice 220 automatically increases, and the overflow flow increases accordingly, forming negative feedback regulation. This automatically clamps and stabilizes the output pressure of the air pump 100 within a certain range. This process requires no pressure sensor, control chip, solenoid valve, or any externally driven active regulation mechanism, achieving truly passive stepless pressure regulation with rapid response and no control lag, significantly improving system reliability.

[0030] (2) Prevents over-inflation, significantly improving inflation comfort and safety. Because the variable overflow orifice is closed or nearly closed under normal pressure, the air pump 100 has almost no additional leakage during startup and low-pressure inflation, ensuring inflation efficiency. When the air pressure inside the airbag approaches or reaches a set threshold, the variable overflow orifice automatically opens and increases the overflow area, preventing the pressure from rising further and keeping the airbag's firmness within a comfortable range for the human body. This not only avoids problems such as excessive airbag hardness and a stiff feel caused by over-inflation, but also eliminates safety hazards such as airbag bursting or seam tearing caused by excessive pressure. It is particularly suitable for in-cabin pneumatic products with high requirements for pressure sensitivity and safety, such as car seats, medical air cushions, and massage devices.

[0031] (3) Reduce the load on the compression mechanism and extend the service life of the air pump. In existing technologies, the air pump's motor 300 and transmission components such as the piston cup 140 and the swing plate 180 operate under high-pressure stall or near-stall conditions, resulting in high current, high temperature, and severe mechanical wear. This invention, through the overflow unloading effect of a variable overflow orifice under high pressure, effectively reduces the peak pressure within the high-pressure chamber, smoothing the load on the motor 300. The elastic transmission components such as the piston cup 140 and the swing plate 180 are no longer subjected to severe pressure shocks and alternating stresses. Consequently, the temperature rise of the motor 300 is suppressed, the fatigue aging rate of the piston cup 140 is slowed, and the mechanical wear of the swing plate 180 and the torsion shaft 170 is reduced. This extends the overall service life of the air pump 100 at the system level and reduces the product's total life-cycle maintenance costs.

[0032] (4) The structure is compact, the assembly is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. Compared to traditional mechanical safety valves or electronic pressure regulation systems, this invention integrates pressure sensing, pressure comparison, and overflow execution into a single elastic variable orifice structure 210 located on the sidewall of the chamber, eliminating the need for additional valve bodies, springs, seals, or electronic control modules. The variable overflow orifice can be directly formed onto the elastic element 200 (such as a rubber pad 120, a cup 140, or a cap 190) forming the sidewall of the chamber, either integrally formed with or simply embedded into the existing components of the air pump 100, without increasing the axial or radial dimensions of the air pump 100, thus facilitating the miniaturization of the air pump 100. Furthermore, due to the reduced number of components and simplified assembly processes, both mold and material costs are reduced, resulting in excellent economic efficiency for mass production.

[0033] (5) Adaptable to different working conditions, with strong compatibility and versatility Because the opening degree of the elastic variable orifice 220 is continuously positively correlated with the air pressure, the air pump 100 can automatically adjust the overflow rate according to changes in the volume of the air bag, the material stiffness, and the ambient temperature, without needing to recalibrate the pressure parameters for different product specifications. For example, when the elastic element 200 hardens in a low-temperature environment, a higher air pressure is required to produce the same deformation, which precisely matches the requirement of the air bag to have a slightly higher inflation pressure at low temperatures to maintain the same support. Conversely, in a high-temperature environment, the elastic element 200 softens, and the overflow orifice opens earlier to prevent excessive pressure. This environmentally adaptive characteristic allows the same air pump 100 to be compatible with multiple application scenarios, improving the versatility and platformization of components.

[0034] (6) Eliminates pressure abrupt changes, making the inflation process smooth and imperceptible. Traditional on / off overflow valves produce sudden opening and closing actions when the set pressure is reached, resulting in airflow noise, pressure pulsation, and mechanical vibration. The variable overflow orifice in this invention operates based on the continuous deformation of an elastic material, with the pore area smoothly transitioning with air pressure. The overflow process has no obvious opening or closing critical point, thus achieving gradual pressure unloading. This results in no abrupt "deflating" noise at the end of inflation, and the change in air bag stiffness is linear and gentle, making inflation virtually imperceptible to the user, significantly improving the quietness and perceived quality of high-end pneumatic products.

[0035] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, in some embodiments, the variable overflow orifice is formed by an elastic variable orifice structure 210 disposed on the elastic member 200, which constitutes at least a portion of the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. While fulfilling its original sealing, isolation, or elastic support functions, the elastic member 200 also serves as a functional carrier for overflow regulation, eliminating the need for additional dedicated components such as independent overflow valves, springs, or sealing gaskets inside the air pump 100. The elastic variable orifice structure 210 is directly formed using the existing installation space and wall area of ​​the elastic member 200, integrating the overflow function with the chamber sidewall structure, significantly reducing the number of parts and assembly steps in the air pump 100, resulting in a simpler and more compact overall structure. Since the elastic member 200 constitutes at least a portion of the chamber sidewall, changes in air pressure within the chamber can directly and without attenuation act on the inner wall surface of the elastic member 200, allowing the elastic variable orifice structure 210 to sense pressure changes in real time and instantly generate elastic deformation. Compared to solutions that place the overflow orifice on a separate pipe or valve block far from the chamber, this embodiment eliminates media loss and structural damping in the pressure transmission path, resulting in faster response, better pressure regulation sensitivity and tracking, and effective suppression of pressure overshoot. The elastic variable orifice structure 210 is directly formed on the elastic element 200, which serves as the sidewall of the chamber, without occupying additional axial or radial space outside the high-pressure or low-pressure chamber, and without requiring a dedicated valve chamber or flow channel to accommodate the overflow mechanism. This allows for control over the size and weight of the air pump 100, making it particularly suitable for pneumatic products with strict space constraints, such as automotive cabins and portable massage devices. The elastic element 200 is typically integrally formed from elastic materials such as rubber or silicone through molding, injection molding, or vulcanization processes. The elastic variable orifice structure 210 can be directly machined into the corresponding core structure in the molding die of the elastic element 200, forming synchronously with the main body of the elastic element 200, without the need for subsequent machining, drilling, or assembly operations. This not only simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces production costs, but also ensures a high degree of consistency in the geometry and material properties of the overflow holes among various components in mass production, thereby making the opening pressure threshold and overflow characteristics more stable and controllable. Under normal pressure, the elastic element 200 relies on its own elastic force to keep the elastic variable orifice structure 210 closed or tending to be closed. Since the elastic variable orifice structure 210 is directly located on the body of the elastic element 200 that constitutes the sidewall of the chamber, there is no mating interface or secondary sealing surface between the elastic element 200 and the independent valve body, fundamentally eliminating unintended leakage paths caused by assembly gaps, aging of sealing rings, or wear of mating surfaces. This makes the air pump 100 have higher volumetric efficiency during the low-pressure inflation stage, avoiding the micro-leakage and air leakage problems that may occur with traditional independent overflow valves. When the air pressure increases, the elastic element 200 undergoes elastic deformation as a whole, and the opening of the elastic variable orifice structure 210 is naturally coordinated with the deformation of the elastic element 200, preventing shear stress or local tearing caused by deformation mismatch between the independent valve component and the base.The elastic variable hole structure 210 and the elastic element 200 are integrally formed. The material is continuous and the stress distribution is uniform. The fatigue resistance is better than that of the independent overflow element that is assembled or embedded later, thereby improving the working reliability and service life of the air pump 100 under frequent air charging and discharging cycles.

[0036] In some embodiments, the variable overflow orifice can be an internal or external overflow orifice. Configuring the variable overflow orifice as an internal or external overflow orifice allows the same core flexible variable orifice structure 210 to flexibly select different overflow methods based on the installation environment, spatial layout, and functional requirements of the end product. For example, an internal overflow orifice solution can be used for pumps with a compact structure and internal space allowing for gas circulation; an external overflow orifice solution can be used for pumps that require direct external pressure relief and simplified internal flow channel design. This replaceable architecture design improves the versatility of the air pump 100 platform.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in some embodiments, when the variable overflow orifice is an internal overflow orifice, the high-pressure gas overflows and flows back to the low-pressure chamber or is directly released into the closed space inside the pump body, without being discharged to the outside of the air pump 100. This scheme keeps the entire inflation system in a closed loop, avoiding the sharp airflow noise generated by the direct spraying of high-pressure gas to the outside, and is particularly suitable for scenarios such as car cabins and bedroom massage devices where high quietness is required. At the same time, internal overflow can prevent external dust and moisture from flowing back with the exhaust airflow, and also prevents high-speed airflow from blowing up surrounding dust or fabric fibers, improving the cleanliness and safety of the usage environment.

[0038] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, when the variable overflow orifice is an external overflow orifice, the high-pressure gas is directly discharged to the outside atmosphere through the overflow channel on the pump housing. The overflow path is short and the flow resistance is low, enabling rapid and thorough pressure relief when the gas pressure exceeds the limit, resulting in a more direct pressure clamping effect. In addition, the external overflow promptly discharges the hot gas generated during the compression process outside the pump body, preventing heat from circulating and accumulating between the pump chambers. This helps to reduce the operating temperature of the motor 300 and the elastic element 200, improves the thermal management performance of the air pump 100, and extends the continuous operation capability under high-temperature environments.

[0039] In some embodiments, internal overflow holes and external overflow holes may be simultaneously or separately provided on the sidewalls of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. By configuring different types of overflow holes for different chambers, graded and regional pressure management can be achieved. For example, an external overflow hole can be provided on the sidewall of the low-pressure chamber to quickly release excess pressure during the start-up phase, while an internal overflow hole can be provided on the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber to perform fine pressure adjustments during the final inflation phase, thereby ensuring that the air pump 100 maintains stable and controllable output characteristics throughout the entire operating range. Whether it is an internal or external overflow hole, its elastic variable hole structure 210 can be integrally formed on the elastic element 200 based on the same material system and molding process (such as rubber molding, silicone injection molding). The main difference between the two schemes lies in the opening position of the overflow hole in the pump body and the corresponding shell flow channel design, while the core elastic deformation mechanism and opening characteristics remain consistent.

[0040] In some embodiments, the elastic variable aperture structure 210 is an elastic slit formed on the elastic element 200. The elastic slit and the elastic element 200 are integrally formed. Under normal pressure, the elastic slit remains closed due to the elasticity of the elastic element 200 itself. Under high pressure, the slit wall expands outward and / or the edge bends to one side, increasing the flow cross-section. Under normal pressure, the elastic slit remains closed by the elastic restoring force of the elastic element 200 itself. Since the two side walls of the slit are tightly fitted under the elastic action of the material, a line contact or even surface contact seal can theoretically be formed, which has a better sealing effect than traditional circular micropores or pre-fabricated through-hole structures. During the start-up and low-pressure inflation stages of the air pump 100, there is almost no gas leakage from the elastic slit, ensuring that the compression chamber has high volumetric efficiency and inflation speed, and avoiding problems such as the air pump 100 running dry and prolonged inflation time caused by the overflow hole being constantly open or leaking. In the initial pressure rise stage, the air pressure first acts on the weak area at the edge of the slit, causing the edge to bend or warp to one side, and the flow cross-section begins to increase initially. As the air pressure further increases, the slit wall expands outward as a whole, the slit opening width increases significantly, and the overflow area expands sharply. The superposition of the two deformation modes allows the elastic slit to achieve continuous and smooth flow cross-section adjustment over a wide range from low to high pressure, rather than a simple on / off action, thus achieving true stepless overflow and more delicate and smooth pressure control. The opening pressure threshold of the elastic slit can be precisely set by adjusting parameters such as the slit's geometry (e.g., slit length, slit depth, slit width), the thickness of the elastic element 200, and the material hardness. For example, shortening the slit length or increasing the thickness of the elastic element 200 can increase the opening pressure, and vice versa. Compared to the sudden opening and closing of rigid valve plates or spring valves, the elastic slit operates based on the continuous deformation of the elastic material, and the increase in its flow cross-section is gradual and reversible, without mechanical impact or abrupt jumps. This not only avoids pressure pulsations and airflow impact noise caused by rapid valve opening and closing, but also makes the final inflation phase of the air pump 100 smoother as it approaches the target pressure. The air bag stiffness changes linearly, and users hardly feel any noticeable pressure jumps or abnormal vibrations during inflation, significantly improving the product's quietness and user comfort. During the deformation of the elastic slit, whether the slit wall expands or the edge bends, the stress is distributed relatively evenly along the slit contour, avoiding tearing or creep failure caused by stress concentration at the edge of traditional circular holes. Especially when using cross-shaped, Y-shaped, or straight slits, stress can be dispersed and released in multiple directions from the slit intersection point, further reducing local peak stress. This excellent mechanical property allows the elastic slit to withstand millions of inflation and deflation cycles without permanent deformation or cracking, ensuring the stable operation of the air pump 100 throughout the vehicle's lifespan or product warranty period.In this embodiment, the elastic slit can be flexibly designed into various geometric shapes such as cross, Y, and straight. Different slit shapes correspond to different deformation characteristics and opening pressure curves: the straight slit has a simple structure and lower opening pressure, and is suitable for low-pressure fine adjustment; the cross and Y slits can withstand higher air pressure and have good deformation symmetry due to multi-directional stress dispersion, and are suitable for high-pressure and high-flow overflow.

[0041] like Figures 23 to 25 As shown, in some embodiments, the elastic slit can be flexibly configured not only in planar geometry, but its cross-sectional shape along the thickness direction of the elastic element can also be designed according to the requirements of opening pressure and flow characteristics. The cross-sectional structure of the elastic slit includes, but is not limited to, the following three types: Straight seam type (such as) Figure 23 As shown): The two side walls of the elastic slit are basically parallel along the thickness direction, and the slit width remains constant. The mold core design of this structure is simple, the molding process is mature, and the mass production consistency is good. Under normal pressure, the two side walls are parallel and fit together, and the sealing surface is large and uniform. Under high pressure, the two side walls expand outward synchronously as a whole, the opening pressure is evenly distributed along the slit depth, and the deformation symmetry is high. It is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for pressure threshold stability.

[0042] V-shaped seam (such as) Figure 24 As shown): The width of the elastic slit gradually decreases from the outer surface of the elastic element to the inner surface, forming a wedge-shaped cross-section that is wider at the outside and narrower at the inside. The larger opening on the outer surface allows air pressure to easily enter and act on the sidewalls, resulting in lower opening pressure and a more sensitive response; the narrower inner end ensures a tight seal between the two sidewalls under normal pressure, providing better sealing reliability than the straight slit type, making it suitable for fine adjustment scenarios requiring low-pressure, rapid response.

[0043] X-shaped seam (such as) Figure 25 As shown): The width of the elastic slit gradually decreases from both the outer and inner surfaces of the elastic element towards the middle of its thickness, forming the narrowest neck in the middle of the elastic element's thickness, resulting in an overall X-shaped cross-section. Under normal pressure, the central neck fits tightly, while the openings at both ends provide channels for gas pressure to enter. Under high pressure, gas pressure enters from both openings and gradually expands towards the center, exhibiting good deformation progressiveness. The flow cross-section increases rapidly under high pressure, making it suitable for high-pressure, high-flow-rate overflow scenarios. Furthermore, due to the presence of the central neck, the surface pressure of the core sealing area is higher when closed under normal pressure, resulting in stronger resistance to micro-leakage.

[0044] like Figures 22 to 25As shown, by combining planar shapes (such as cross-shaped, Y-shaped, straight, and circular) with cross-sectional shapes (straight seam, V-shaped, and X-shaped), the opening pressure threshold, flow curve, and sealing performance of the elastic slit can be flexibly adjusted in a two-dimensional parameter space. This allows the same air pump platform to precisely adapt to a full range of applications, from low-pressure massage to high-pressure support. For example, a straight planar shape combined with a V-shaped cross-section can achieve extremely low opening pressure and sensitive low-pressure response; a cross-shaped planar shape combined with an X-shaped cross-section combines multi-directional stress dispersion and progressive opening characteristics, making it suitable for high-pressure, high-flow-rate conditions.

[0045] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 16 , Figure 19 , Figures 23 to 25 As shown, in some embodiments, the thickness of the elastic member 200 around the elastic variable hole structure 210 decreases from the edge to the center, and the thickness of the elastic member 200 at the center of the elastic variable hole structure 210 is less than the thickness of the elastic member 200 at the surrounding edge. By setting the thickness of the elastic member 200 around the elastic variable hole structure 210 to decrease from the edge to the center, and making the thickness at the center of the elastic variable hole structure 210 less than the thickness at the surrounding edge, a stepped or quasi-step thickness distribution with a thin periphery and a thick outer edge is formed.

[0046] First, the thin-walled region around the orifice deforms preferentially, significantly reducing the opening pressure threshold and improving response sensitivity. Since the center of the elastic variable orifice structure 210 has the thinnest thickness and lowest stiffness, this thin-walled region becomes the starting point and main area of ​​deformation under air pressure. It can generate elastic deformation even at low air pressure, allowing the elastic variable orifice structure 210 to quickly transition from a closed to an open state. Meanwhile, the thick-walled region at the edges, due to its higher stiffness, remains relatively stable within the normal operating air pressure range, without significant deformation. This precisely controls deformation within the local area around the orifice, avoiding disordered deformation of the overall structure and drift in the opening pressure.

[0047] Secondly, the thick-walled region at the edge provides ample elastic restoring force and structural support, ensuring reliable sealing under normal pressure. The greater thickness at the edge stores higher elastic potential energy, providing continuous and strong elastic restoring force to the thin-walled deformation zone of the elastic variable orifice structure 210. Under normal pressure, this restoring force ensures that the thin-walled region of the elastic variable orifice structure 210 fits tightly, forming a reliable seal. After high-pressure depressurization, the elastic force of the thick-walled region at the edge drives the thin-walled region to quickly rebound and reset, ensuring that the air pump 100 maintains stable closed-sealing performance during frequent charging and discharging cycles.

[0048] Third, the abrupt thickness design concentrates stress and controls deformation in the thin-walled area around the hole, effectively protecting the structural integrity of the thick-walled edges. Since deformation mainly occurs in the central thin-walled area, the thick-walled edge area hardly participates in large deformation, and stress does not diffuse to the overall outer edge of the elastic element 200. This avoids the shear stress and fatigue cracks generated at the outer edge connection due to the overall synchronous deformation of traditional uniform thickness elastic diaphragms. This "soft inside and rigid outside" distribution enables the elastic element 200 to withstand higher cyclic air pressure and more inflation and deflation cycles, significantly extending the service life of the elastic variable hole structure 210.

[0049] Fourth, it simplifies the molding process and ensures batch consistency. The stepped structure with thin walls around the hole and thick walls at the edges can be directly formed through the stepped design of the mold core, without the need for complex gradient surface processing. During compression molding or injection molding, this thickness distribution is easy to control precisely through the mold structure, making it easy to ensure the consistency of the center thin wall thickness and the edge thick wall thickness among the parts in batch production, thereby ensuring the stability and controllability of the opening pressure threshold.

[0050] Fifth, it balances sensitive low-pressure start-up with structural safety under high pressure. The central thin-walled area allows the air pump 100 to respond sensitively at low pressure, promptly adjusting for minor pressure fluctuations; while the thick-walled edge area maintains sufficient structural strength under high pressure, preventing the elastic element 200 from tearing or detaching from its mounting position due to excessive overall deformation, thus achieving full-condition adaptability from fine adjustment at low pressure to large-flow overflow at high pressure.

[0051] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 16 and Figure 19 As shown, in some embodiments, the aperture of the elastic variable aperture structure 210 gradually decreases from the relatively high-pressure side to the relatively low-pressure side. This effectively reduces local eddy current and turbulence losses caused by abrupt changes in the channel cross-section. Compared to a straight orifice with a constant cross-section or a constricted channel, this gradual structure allows for smoother gas flow during overflow, significantly reducing flow resistance and allowing for a larger overflow volume under the same pressure difference, achieving a faster pressure relief response and preventing instantaneous excessive pressure within the chamber. The gradual decrease in aperture from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side results in a non-uniform wall thickness material distribution in the elastic variable aperture structure 210 in the thickness direction. When the elastic aperture structure opens and deforms, stress concentration usually occurs at the edge or corner of the channel. The gradual aperture structure makes the transition between the aperture wall and the main body of the elastic element 200 smoother, eliminating stress singularities caused by abrupt changes in cross-section. At the same time, because the aperture gradually transitions from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side, the normal force distribution of gas pressure along the aperture wall is more uniform, avoiding the "edge stress concentration" phenomenon commonly found in orifices with constant cross-sections. This optimized stress state significantly reduces the risk of microcracks, tears, or creep failure in the elastic element 200 during repeated inflation and deflation cycles, and extends the service life of the elastic variable hole structure 210.

[0052] In some embodiments, at least one unidirectional structure 400 is provided on the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber, and at least a portion of the unidirectional structure 400 constitutes the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. The unidirectional structure 400 is not installed inside the air pump 100 as an additional valve component independent of the chamber wall; rather, its body at least partially directly serves as the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. This design allows the unidirectional structure 400 to perform unidirectional conduction or cutoff functions while also acting as the enclosing boundary of the chamber, achieving integration of functional and structural components. This significantly reduces the total number of parts, simplifies the overall structure, clarifies the assembly relationships, and reduces the assembly defect rate caused by the accumulation of errors in the fit of multiple parts. Since the unidirectional structure 400 directly constitutes part of the chamber sidewall, it does not occupy the net volume inside the chamber, nor does it protrude additional valve housing or connector space outside the chamber. Compared to the traditional air pump 100 where the one-way valve is connected to the chamber wall via a pipeline or mounted on a flange, this embodiment maximizes the saving of axial and radial installation space, thus compressing the overall dimensions of the air pump 100. This is particularly important for in-cabin pneumatic products such as car seats and portable massagers, which are extremely sensitive to installation space, providing greater design freedom for the overall layout. The one-way structure 400 is directly mounted on the side wall of the chamber, meaning that its valve port or valve face is the chamber wall itself. When gas needs to be opened or closed, it can act directly on the one-way structure 400 without passing through additional connecting pipelines, transition channels, or bends. This layout greatly shortens the transmission path of gas from inside the chamber to the one-way valve sensing element, reduces the flow channel volume and flow resistance, and enables the one-way structure 400 to sense changes in chamber pressure in near real-time and respond by opening or closing, improving the volumetric efficiency and dynamic inflation performance of the air pump 100.

[0053] Traditional one-way valves typically require threaded connections, snap-fit ​​connections, or sealing rings for fixation and sealing with the chamber wall. These connections are prone to loosening due to vibration, aging of the sealing rings, or thermal expansion and contraction during long-term use, creating leakage channels. In this embodiment, since at least a portion of the one-way structure 400 directly forms the chamber sidewall, it is itself part of the sealing boundary, eliminating the need for a secondary mating interface between the valve body and the wall. Both static sealing under normal pressure and dynamic sealing under operating conditions are achieved through the continuity of the material itself or an integrally formed structure, fundamentally eliminating the risk of internal air leakage or external leakage due to interface failure, significantly improving the long-term operational reliability of the air pump 100.

[0054] like Figure 7 , Figure 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 15As shown, in some embodiments, the chamber sidewall region with the unidirectional structure 400 can be simultaneously or adjacent to a variable overflow orifice. In this case, the sidewall region integrates both unidirectional flow and pressure-adaptive overflow functions: the unidirectional structure 400 ensures directional gas flow and prevents backflow; the variable overflow orifice automatically unloads pressure and stabilizes it during overpressure. The two functions work together without interference, enabling the air pump 100 to achieve complex airflow management functions within a very small wall area, further enhancing structural compactness and functional density.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the one-way structure 400 is an elastomer, which includes a plug-in fixing part 420 and a disc-shaped skirt 410 integrally connected to the plug-in fixing part 420. The plug-in fixing part 420 is sleeved with a mounting hole, which is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. An air passage 450 is provided on the side wall in the area covered by the disc-shaped skirt 410. The disc-shaped skirt 410 covers the air passage 450, and the outer edge of the disc-shaped skirt 410 is used to fit against or separate from the side wall. When airflow blows from the side of the side wall away from the disc-shaped skirt 410 through the air passage 450 to the disc-shaped skirt 410, the disc-shaped skirt 410 is blown up to open the air passage 450, thereby forming a one-way valve. The high-pressure chamber and / or low-pressure chamber have air passage holes 450 on their side walls. After assembly, a disc-shaped skirt 410 covers the side wall area where the air passage holes 450 are located, with its outer edge facing the inner wall surface of the side wall surrounding the air passage holes 450. When airflow blows from the side of the side wall away from the disc-shaped skirt 410 (i.e., the inflow side of the air passage holes 450) towards the disc-shaped skirt 410, the air pressure acts on the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the disc-shaped skirt 410, overcoming its elastic restoring force and blowing the disc-shaped skirt 410 up, causing its outer edge to leave the side wall, thereby opening the air passage holes 450 and allowing airflow to pass in the forward direction.

[0056] The insert fixing part 420 and the mounting hole on the side wall of the chamber are fitted together. During assembly, the unidirectional structure 400 can be positioned and fixed simply by pressing the insert fixing part 420 axially or inserting it into the mounting hole, without the need for threaded fasteners, welding, gluing, or additional clips, pins, or other connecting parts. This insert-type structure greatly simplifies the assembly process, reduces the difficulty of manual operation and assembly time, and is particularly suitable for automated or semi-automated production lines with limited internal space and operating visibility of the air pump 100, significantly improving mass production efficiency.

[0057] The insert fixing part 420 and the disc-shaped skirt 410 are integrally molded from the same elastomer material, with no adhesive, vulcanized overlap, or mechanical connection interface between them. During repeated opening and closing deformation, stress can smoothly transition along the disc-shaped skirt 410 to the insert fixing part 420, preventing stress concentration or fatigue cracks in the connection area. Compared to the assembly structure of a separate valve plate and valve stem, this integrated elastomer has higher structural integrity and fatigue resistance, capable of withstanding millions of bending deformations caused by the high-frequency reciprocating operation of the air pump 100 without easily breaking or loosening, exhibiting excellent long-term reliability.

[0058] The disc-shaped skirt 410 unfolds in a disc or umbrella shape, with its outer edge being a thin-walled free edge. It is lightweight, has low rigidity, and is extremely sensitive to changes in air pressure. At the same time, the disc-shaped structure allows the skirt to have a large flexible stroke and elastic margin during deformation. Even if there are slight flatness errors in the sidewall of the chamber or burrs on the edge of the air passage 450, the disc-shaped skirt 410 can adaptively adjust its fit through its own elasticity to maintain good sealing and following performance, reducing the stringent requirements for the precision of the parts.

[0059] The insertion fixing part 420 and the mounting hole are fitted together by a sleeve. It is typically designed with barbs, raised rings, or a tapered insertion structure. After being inserted into the mounting hole, it achieves self-locking fixation through the interference fit and elastic clamping force of the elastomeric material. When the disc-shaped skirt 410 is impacted by high-pressure airflow, the opening force mainly acts on the outer edge of the skirt. The insertion fixing part 420, because it is embedded in the mounting hole, is radially constrained by the hole wall and is not easily pulled out or pushed by air pressure. This design, which separates the functional deformation area (the disc-shaped skirt 410 covering the air passage 450) from the mechanical fixing area (the insertion fixing part 420), ensures the installation stability of the one-way structure 400 under high-pressure dynamic conditions, avoiding the problems of traditional adhesive or snap-on one-way valves easily falling off or rotating under impact.

[0060] The fitting length and diameter of the insert fixing part 420 can be flexibly designed according to the thickness of the chamber sidewall and the size of the mounting hole. The same specification of disc-shaped skirt 410 can be matched with insert fixing parts 420 of different sizes to adapt to the wall structure of different models of air pumps 100. In addition, since the elastomer has elastic compression capability, the insert fixing part 420 has a certain tolerance for the dimensional tolerance of the mounting hole. Even if there is a slight deviation in the hole diameter, it can achieve tight fitting through elastic deformation, which improves the interchangeability of parts and the degree of platform universality.

[0061] The unidirectional structure 400 is directly fixed to the mounting hole on the side wall of the chamber by inserting the fixing part 420. The disc-shaped skirt 410 fits against the inner wall surface of the side wall and covers the air passage 450. The overall structure is flat and unfolds along the wall surface, without any significant valve package, valve stem, or spring mechanism protruding into the chamber. This effectively maintains the net volume of the chamber, ensures smooth and unobstructed gas flow, and helps improve the volumetric efficiency of the air pump 100. At the same time, it provides ample space for the movement of other transmission components inside the air pump 100 (such as the swing plate 180, the cup 140, and the torsion shaft 170), avoiding the risk of movement interference.

[0062] In some embodiments, while the elastomer constitutes a one-way valve, its disc-shaped skirt 410 or the adjacent insertion fixing part 420 area can also serve as an elastic part of the chamber sidewall, or be arranged adjacent to the variable overflow hole provided on the sidewall, so that the chamber sidewall can simultaneously realize the two functions of one-way airflow and overpressure adaptive overflow within a very small spatial scale, further improving the functional density and structural compactness of the air pump 100.

[0063] In some embodiments, a variable overflow orifice is provided on the disc-shaped skirt 410 at the position corresponding to the air passage 450. The disc-shaped skirt 410, in addition to fulfilling the functions of one-way valve sealing and conduction, further serves as the structural carrier for the variable overflow orifice. This means that a single elastomer component simultaneously achieves two core functions: one-way airflow control and overpressure adaptive unloading. The disc-shaped skirt 410 typically extends along the inner wall of the chamber sidewall and is itself a flat disc or umbrella-shaped structure, occupying a very small volume. By directly opening the variable overflow orifice in this skirt area, the overflow function does not additionally encroach on the wall area of ​​other chamber sidewalls, nor does it protrude any additional structure into or out of the chamber, providing greater design flexibility for applications with limited installation space, such as car seats and portable massagers.

[0064] When the disc-shaped skirt 410 deforms outward, bends, or warps under high-pressure airflow to achieve unidirectional flow, its elastic deformation area is adjacent to or partially overlaps with the area where the variable overflow orifice is located. This arrangement allows the elastic margin of the skirt to be utilized by the opening and closing deformation of the overflow orifice, or the overflow orifice to assist in opening by utilizing the stress redistribution during skirt deformation. Compared to opening overflow orifices on rigid walls, placing the overflow orifice on the disc-shaped skirt 410, which itself participates in elastic deformation, allows for more full utilization of the compliant properties of the elastomer material. This makes it easier to comprehensively design the opening pressure threshold and flow characteristics of the overflow orifice through the overall geometric parameters (thickness, diameter, cone angle) of the skirt, resulting in a more harmonious mechanical match.

[0065] After prolonged use, if the one-way valve or overflow orifice experiences performance degradation due to fatigue, aging, or contamination, since both are integrated onto the same elastomer, maintenance personnel can simply pull out the insert fixing part 420 to replace the entire elastomer module at once. The one-way opening pressure of the disc-shaped skirt 410 and the opening pressure of the variable overflow orifice both depend on the hardness, thickness, and local geometry of the same elastomer material. Designers can simultaneously influence the pressure characteristics of the one-way valve and overflow orifice by adjusting the single material grade or uniform wall thickness parameter of the elastomer, achieving a coordinated match between their opening pressures. For example, selecting a material with higher hardness can simultaneously improve the sealing force of the one-way valve and the opening pressure threshold of the overflow orifice; conversely, the opposite is also true.

[0066] In some embodiments, the end of the insertion fixing part 420 away from the disc-shaped skirt 410 is provided with an anti-detachment limiting structure 430, the outer diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the mounting hole. During assembly, the insertion fixing part 420 is inserted into the mounting hole from the inner or outer side of the side wall. After passing through the mounting hole, the anti-detachment limiting structure 430 elastically resets and locks onto the side wall surface, thereby restricting the elastomeric body from moving axially away from the side wall and preventing the disc-shaped skirt 410 and the insertion fixing part 420 from coming out of the mounting hole. The anti-detachment limiting structure 430 is integrally formed with the insertion fixing part 420 and the disc-shaped skirt 410, which ensures the installation stability of the unidirectional structure 400 under the impact of high-pressure airflow while achieving rapid insertion.

[0067] In some embodiments, the elastic element 200 is made of rubber or silicone. The opening pressure threshold of the elastic slit is set by adjusting the material hardness, the thickness of the elastic element 200, and the geometry of the elastic slit. The opening pressure threshold of the elastic slit is determined by the material hardness, the thickness of the elastic element 200, and the geometry of the slit, which together constitute a design parameter space that can be adjusted independently or in combination. Hardness determines the intrinsic modulus of the elastomer, thickness determines the structural bending stiffness of the slit region, and geometry (slit length, slit width, slit depth, and slit type) determines the stress concentration factor and deformation mode. Designers do not need to change the overall structure of the air pump 100; they can precisely set the opening pressure to the target range simply by adjusting the above parameters. This enables the serial development of air pumps 100 with multiple pressure specifications adapted to the same basic structure, significantly shortening the product iteration cycle. During continuous operation, the heat generated by the motor 300 and the compression mechanism of the air pump 100 is conducted to the elastic element 200, causing its temperature to rise. Rubber and silicone materials generally exhibit a characteristic of decreasing hardness (thermal softening) with increasing temperature. If only hardness is relied upon as a single parameter, the decrease in stiffness of the elastic slit at high temperatures will directly lead to a drop in the opening pressure threshold, potentially causing problems such as premature opening, insufficient inflation, or failure to build up pressure. By setting the thickness of the elastic element 200 to a relatively ample value, the compensating effect of structural stiffness (positively correlated with the cube of thickness) on material hardness (negatively correlated with temperature) can be utilized: even if the hardness decreases due to temperature rise, the larger thickness can still provide sufficient overall resistance to deformation, thereby controlling the temperature drift of the opening pressure threshold within an acceptable range and ensuring the functional stability of the elastic slit across the entire operating temperature range.

[0068] Given the temperature coefficient of material hardness, the flexibility of the elastic slit can be reduced by shortening its length, decreasing its width, or adjusting the angle of intersection, thus increasing its structural stiffness against gas pressure deformation. This "hardening" design of geometric parameters counteracts the "softening" trend of material parameters: when temperature increases leading to a decrease in material modulus, a more compact or thicker slit geometry still requires higher gas pressure to produce the critical deformation needed for opening. Therefore, through synergistic optimization of geometry and material properties, the pressure holding capacity of the elastic slit under thermally stable conditions can be significantly improved without replacing it with high-temperature resistant special materials, reducing the risk of unexpected overflow due to temperature rise.

[0069] During the formulation design phase of rubber or silicone, the hardness window can be optimized for the typical operating temperature rise range of the air pump 100 (e.g., from room temperature 25℃ to 60℃~80℃). A rubber compound system with a small temperature coefficient of hardness (i.e., a low hardness decay rate at high temperatures) is selected, such as using a peroxide vulcanization system, increasing the crosslinking density, or adding appropriate reinforcing fillers (e.g., silica). This ensures that the elastic element 200 has sufficient hardness at room temperature to guarantee the tight closure of the elastic slit, while retaining the necessary elastic modulus under thermal steady-state operation of the air pump 100 to maintain the opening pressure within the design value. This material-structure synergistic optimization ensures that the elastic slit maintains consistent performance under both cold start and thermal steady-state operating conditions of the air pump 100, avoiding noticeable differences in inflation force perceived by the user.

[0070] Under specific design strategies, the characteristic that the hardness of the elastic element 200 decreases with increasing temperature can also be utilized: when the air pump 100 accumulates internal heat due to air bag blockage, continuous long-term operation, or excessively high ambient temperature, the elastic element 200 softens appropriately, thereby reducing the opening pressure threshold of the elastic slit. At this time, even if the air pressure inside the air bag has not yet reached the target value at room temperature, the premature opening of the slit caused by the temperature rise can release excess pressure in time, forming a passive safety protection mechanism based on thermo-mechanical coupling. This mechanism does not require additional temperature sensors, thermal protection circuits, or control software; it can automatically increase the overflow probability under high-temperature hazardous conditions solely by relying on the intrinsic temperature response characteristics of the rubber / silicone material, preventing the motor 300 from burning out due to overheating from stalling, or preventing the air bag from bursting due to high temperature and high pressure, significantly improving the fail-safe performance of the air pump 100.

[0071] The air pump 100's operating temperature rise is addressed through a combination of optimized material hardness, elastic element 200 thickness, and elastic slit geometry. This is a purely mechanical thermal stabilization strategy, eliminating the need for temperature sensors, MCU control chips, or electrothermal compensation components within the air pump 100. This not only reduces material costs and circuit complexity but also eliminates the risk of electronic component failure in automotive cabin vibrations, electromagnetic interference, and humid environments. The overflow characteristics of the elastic slit are determined solely by the structure itself throughout its lifespan, unaffected by electrical aging or software bugs, significantly improving the air pump 100's long-term reliability and environmental adaptability in harsh automotive environments.

[0072] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 15As shown, in some embodiments, the elastomer is made of rubber or silicone. The opening pressure threshold of the one-way valve is set by adjusting the material hardness of the elastomer, the thickness of the disc-shaped skirt 410, and / or the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the disc-shaped skirt 410. The opening pressure threshold of the one-way valve is jointly determined by the material hardness of the elastomer, the thickness of the disc-shaped skirt 410, and the effective pressure-bearing area, which constitute a parameter space that can be adjusted independently or collaboratively. Hardness determines the intrinsic elastic modulus of the material, thickness determines the structural bending stiffness of the disc-shaped skirt 410, and the effective pressure-bearing area determines the magnitude of the resultant force of the air pressure. Designers can adjust the above parameters through orthogonal combination to accurately calibrate the opening pressure to the target range without changing the basic configuration of the one-way valve. This enables the serialized design of a single set of elastomer molds to adapt to various pressure specifications of air pumps 100, significantly shortening the product development cycle.

[0073] During continuous operation of the air pump 100, the heat generated by the motor 300 and the compression mechanism is conducted to the elastomer, causing its temperature to rise. Rubber and silicone materials generally exhibit a characteristic of decreasing hardness (softening) with increasing temperature. If only hardness is relied upon as a single parameter, the decrease in stiffness of the disc-shaped skirt 410 at high temperatures will directly lead to a drop in the opening pressure threshold of the one-way valve, potentially resulting in premature opening or inadequate reverse sealing. By setting the thickness of the disc-shaped skirt 410 to a relatively ample value, the compensation effect of structural stiffness (positively correlated with the cube of thickness) on material hardness (negatively correlated with temperature) can be utilized. Even when the hardness decreases due to temperature rise, sufficient overall resistance to deformation is maintained, thereby controlling the temperature drift of the opening pressure threshold within an acceptable range and ensuring the functional stability of the one-way valve across its entire operating temperature range. Given the known temperature coefficient of material hardness, the intensity of air pressure acting on the skirt per unit area can be increased by reducing the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the disc-shaped skirt 410. This ensures that even if the elastomer softens due to temperature rise, an intracavity air pressure comparable to the original design is still required to overcome the reduced elastic resistance and open the one-way valve. In other words, by reducing the effective pressure-bearing area, the "sensitivity threshold" of the opening pressure to changes in hardness can be increased. Adjustments to geometric parameters can offset temperature drift in material parameters, achieving pressure self-stabilization under thermo-mechanical coupling conditions. This design strategy eliminates the need for expensive high-temperature resistant special elastomers; the product's thermal adaptability can be improved solely through structural optimization.

[0074] During the formulation design phase of rubber or silicone, the hardness window can be optimized for the typical operating temperature rise range of the air pump 100 (e.g., from room temperature 25℃ to 60℃~80℃). A rubber compound system with a small hardness temperature coefficient (i.e., a low hardness decay rate at high temperatures) (such as a peroxide vulcanization system, a high crosslinking density formulation, or the addition of appropriate reinforcing fillers) is selected. This ensures sufficient hardness at room temperature to guarantee a tight fit between the disc-shaped skirt 410 and the chamber sidewall, while retaining the necessary elastic modulus at high temperatures to maintain the opening pressure of the check valve within the design value. This material-structure synergistic optimization allows the check valve to maintain consistent performance under both cold start and thermal steady-state conditions of the air pump 100.

[0075] Under specific design strategies, the characteristic that the hardness of an elastomer decreases with increasing temperature can also be utilized: when the internal temperature of the air pump 100 rises sharply due to abnormal stalling or prolonged continuous operation, the disc-shaped skirt 410 softens appropriately, thereby reducing the opening pressure threshold of the one-way valve, making it easier to open for pressure relief or backflow, forming a passive safety protection mechanism based on thermo-mechanical coupling. This mechanism does not require additional temperature sensors or thermal protection circuits; it relies solely on the intrinsic temperature response characteristics of the material to automatically increase the probability of pressure relief under high-temperature hazardous conditions, preventing the motor 300 from overheating and burning out or the compression mechanism from being damaged due to high pressure and high temperature, thus improving the fail-safe performance of the air pump 100.

[0076] The air pump 100's operating temperature rise is addressed through a combination of optimized material hardness, thickness, and effective pressure-bearing area. This is a purely mechanical thermal stabilization strategy, eliminating the need for temperature sensors, MCU control chips, or electrothermal compensation components within the air pump 100. This not only reduces material costs and circuit complexity but also eliminates the risk of electronic component failure in automotive cabin vibrations, electromagnetic interference, and humid environments. This ensures that the pressure characteristics of the one-way valve are determined solely by the structure itself throughout its entire lifespan, unaffected by electrical aging or software bugs, significantly improving the long-term reliability of the air pump 100 in harsh automotive environments.

[0077] In some embodiments, the air pump 100 includes a motor 300 and a pump head 110 assembly located above the motor 300. The pump head 110 assembly includes a pump head 110, a base 150, and a cup 140 and a cap 190 sandwiched between the two. The base 150 is connected and fixed to the housing of the motor 300. The periphery of the cup 140 is pressed and fixed between the base 150 and the cap 190 by a fixing metal clip 130, and a rubber gasket 120 is provided between the cup 140 and the cap 190 to ensure a seal. A compression chamber is formed between the cup 140 and the pump head 110, and the compression chamber is divided into a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber as the cup 140 deforms.

[0078] The output shaft of the motor 300 is connected to the compression assembly via a transmission assembly. In this embodiment, the transmission assembly includes a torsion shaft 170 and a swing plate 180. The torsion shaft 170 is eccentrically connected to the output shaft of the motor 300. The swing plate 180 is mounted on the torsion shaft 170 and can reciprocate under the drive of the torsion shaft 170, thereby causing the cup 140 to deform periodically to achieve the suction and compression action of the compression chamber.

[0079] A variable overflow orifice may be provided on the top cover 190 and / or the pump head, or on other elastic elements 200 that form the sidewalls of the compression chamber made of rubber or silicone material. The fixing metal clip 130 provides mechanical fastening while its clamping area can form uniform surface pressure on the edges of the rubber pad 120 and the cup 140, preventing high-pressure gas from leaking from the mating surface between the pump head 110 and the top cover 190.

[0080] In one embodiment, the top 190 is provided with a small umbrella-shaped air intake structure for replenishing gas to the low-pressure chamber when the cup 140 springs back to its original position. The torsion shaft 170, while converting the rotational motion of the motor 300 into the oscillation of the oscillating plate 180, absorbs part of the vibration impact through its own torsional deformation, thereby reducing the mechanical noise of the pump head 110 and the base 150.

[0081] In some embodiments, the air pump 100 employs an electronically controlled active adjustment scheme. (Refer to...) Figure 18 and 19 The air pump 100 includes a shape memory alloy wire, a circuit board, a terminal connector, a valve core, and a spring. The shape memory alloy wire is electrically connected to the circuit board via the terminal connector, and the circuit board is configured to supply a drive current to the shape memory alloy wire. The shape memory alloy wire is located on the left side wall of the housing, with one end connected to the terminal connector and the other end connected to the valve core. The valve core is located below the air nozzle, with its top facing the sealing ring. A spring is located above the valve core, and the spring applies a downward restoring force to the valve core.

[0082] Under normal conditions, the circuit board does not supply power to the shape memory alloy wire, which remains in the low-temperature martensitic phase and maintains its original length. The spring force presses the valve core against the sealing ring, and the air passage at the nozzle is closed. When it is necessary to actively supply or release air, the circuit board supplies power to the shape memory alloy wire. Due to Joule heating, the wire undergoes an austenitic phase transformation, resulting in contraction and deformation, which pulls the valve core. The valve core overcomes the spring force and moves away from the sealing ring, opening the air passage, allowing gas to escape or enter through the nozzle. When the circuit board cuts off the current, the shape memory alloy wire cools and returns to its original length, the spring again drives the valve core to reset, and the air passage closes.

[0083] This electronic control scheme can be used in conjunction with the aforementioned passive variable overflow orifice scheme. For example, the elastic variable orifice structure 210 can be retained on the cross rubber pad 120 as a passive safety redundancy; when the air pressure rises abnormally and the electronic control system fails, the passive overflow orifice can still automatically open to relieve pressure, forming a dual insurance architecture of active control and passive protection.

[0084] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stable output air pump, characterized in that, The system includes a drive mechanism and a compression mechanism. The compression mechanism includes a compression assembly and a transmission assembly connected to the drive mechanism and the compression assembly. The compression mechanism has a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber, which are respectively connected to the compression assembly. A variable overflow orifice is provided on the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. The variable overflow orifice is configured as follows: Under normal pressure, the variable overflow orifice is in a closed or nearly closed state, and the elastic variable pore size (220) is zero or nearly zero; Under high pressure, the variable overflow orifice undergoes elastic deformation under air pressure, and the elastic variable orifice (220) increases with increasing air pressure to adjust the overflow flow of the air pump.

2. The stable output air pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable overflow orifice is formed by an elastic variable orifice structure (210) disposed on an elastic member (200), the elastic member (200) constituting at least a portion of the sidewall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber.

3. The stable output air pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable overflow orifice can be an internal overflow orifice or an external overflow orifice.

4. The stable output air pump according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic variable hole structure (210) is an elastic slit formed on the elastic element (200). The elastic slit is integrally formed with the elastic element (200). Under normal pressure, the elastic slit remains closed due to the elasticity of the elastic element (200). Under high pressure, the wall of the elastic slit expands outward and / or the edge bends to one side, increasing the flow cross section.

5. The air pump with stable output according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the elastic element (200) around the elastic variable hole structure (210) decreases from the edge to the center, and the thickness of the elastic element (200) at the center of the elastic variable hole structure (210) is less than the thickness of the elastic element (200) at the edge of the elastic variable hole structure (210).

6. The air pump with stable output according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one unidirectional structure (400) is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber, and at least a portion of the unidirectional structure (400) constitutes the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber.

7. The air pump with stable output according to claim 6, characterized in that, The unidirectional structure (400) is an elastomer, which includes a plug-in fixing part (420) and a disc-shaped skirt (410) integrally connected to the plug-in fixing part (420). The plug-in fixing part (420) is sleeved with a mounting hole, which is located on the side wall of the high-pressure chamber and / or the low-pressure chamber. An air passage (450) is provided on the side wall in the area covered by the disc-shaped skirt (410). The disc-shaped skirt (410) covers the air passage. An air vent (450) is provided, and the outer edge of the disc-shaped skirt (410) is used to adhere to or separate from the sidewall; wherein, when airflow is blown from the side of the sidewall away from the disc-shaped skirt (410) through the air vent toward the disc-shaped skirt (410), the disc-shaped skirt (410) is blown up to open the air vent (450), and when the airflow is reversed, the disc-shaped skirt (410) is pressed against the sidewall to close the air vent (450), thereby forming a one-way valve.

8. The air pump with stable output according to claim 7, characterized in that, The disc-shaped skirt (410) is provided with the variable overflow hole at the position corresponding to the air vent (450).

9. The air pump with stable output according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic element (200) is made of rubber or silicone material, and the opening pressure threshold of the elastic slit is set by adjusting the hardness of the material, the thickness of the elastic element (200), and the geometry of the elastic slit.

10. The air pump with stable output according to claim 8, characterized in that, The elastomer is made of rubber or silicone material, and the opening pressure threshold of the one-way valve is set by adjusting the material hardness of the elastomer, the thickness of the disc skirt (410), and / or the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​the disc skirt (410).

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