Solenoid valve, refrigeration apparatus, and automobile

Abstract

The application discloses an electromagnetic valve, a refrigeration device and a car, and relates to the technical field of refrigeration control, wherein the electromagnetic valve comprises a valve body assembly, an electromagnetic assembly, a piston assembly and a valve needle; the valve body assembly comprises a valve seat, a valve cover and a shell; the electromagnetic assembly comprises a coil structure and a moving iron core; the moving iron core is used for generating an electromagnetic force that is attracted to the valve cover when the coil structure is electrified; the valve needle is connected to the moving iron core and is used for driving the piston assembly to move; an end face of the valve cover towards the shell is embedded with a gasket; the material of the gasket is set as a non-magnetic metal material; the gasket divides the static iron core path of the valve cover into two independent magnetic circuit branches; the magnetic resistance of the two branches is different due to the non-magnetic characteristic of the gasket; when the coil structure is connected with alternating current, the magnetic flux flowing through the two branches has a phase difference due to the path difference, so that the total electromagnetic force received by the moving iron core at any moment is always the sum of the resultant force of the magnetic flux of the two branches, thereby avoiding the problem that the electromagnetic force instantaneously disappears due to the zero point of the alternating voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of refrigeration control technology, and particularly to a solenoid valve, refrigeration equipment, and automobile. Background Technology

[0002] In the piping design of refrigeration systems, pilot-operated solenoid valves are typically integrated to regulate the flow and blockage of the medium. However, given the diverse application scenarios and requirements, such systems not only need to support different types of power supplies, but also require solenoid valves to have a more compact design to adapt to installation in confined spaces.

[0003] Currently, most pilot-operated solenoid valves on the market are suitable for DC power environments. When used in AC environments, the electromagnetic force temporarily disappears when the voltage is at phase 0, causing the moving iron core to fail to stably adhere to the valve cover, resulting in unstable valve flow. Therefore, a solution is urgently needed that allows the solenoid valve to maintain a stable electromagnetic force while being compatible with multiple power sources. This would not only improve system adaptability but also ensure the reliability and efficiency of valve operation in various application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a solenoid valve, a refrigeration device, and an automobile, aiming to provide a solenoid valve that can maintain stable electromagnetic force while being compatible with multiple power supply types.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the solenoid valve proposed in this invention includes:

[0006] A valve body assembly includes a valve seat, a valve cover, and a housing. One end of the valve cover in its axial direction surrounds the valve seat to form a valve cavity, and the other end surrounds the housing to form a mounting cavity. The valve cover is provided with a mounting hole communicating with the valve cavity and the mounting cavity, and the valve seat is provided with a valve port.

[0007] An electromagnetic component includes a coil structure and a moving iron core, wherein the moving iron core is used to generate an electromagnetic force that attracts the valve cover when the coil structure is energized, so as to approach and attract the valve cover.

[0008] A piston assembly is movably disposed in the valve chamber in directions approaching and away from the valve port; and,

[0009] A valve needle is inserted through the mounting hole, one end of which is connected to the moving iron core, and the other end is used to drive the piston assembly to move.

[0010] The valve cover has a recessed mounting groove on its end face facing the housing to divide the end face of the valve cover into two parts. The electromagnetic component includes a gasket disposed in the mounting groove, and the gasket is made of a non-magnetic metal material.

[0011] In one embodiment, the groove is configured as an annular groove and is arranged around the periphery of the mounting hole, and the gasket is arranged in an annular shape.

[0012] In one embodiment, the gasket is disposed adjacent to the outer periphery of the valve cover.

[0013] In one embodiment, the total area of ​​the contact surfaces of the valve cover and the moving iron core is S, the projected area of ​​the gasket on the axial direction of the valve cover is S1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the mounting hole is S2, where S≥1.5(S1+S2).

[0014] In one embodiment, the area of ​​the portion of the suction surface located within the inner periphery of the mounting groove is S3, and the area of ​​the portion of the suction surface located outside the mounting groove is S4.

[0015] S3≥S4; and / or,

[0016] S2 + S3 ≥ 1.5S4; and / or,

[0017] S2+S3≥S1; and / or,

[0018] S3≥1.5S2.

[0019] In one embodiment, the depth of the mounting groove is set to be not less than the thickness of the gasket.

[0020] In one embodiment, the valve cover includes a main body and a connecting portion protruding from the main body, the main body being connected to the valve seat, and the connecting portion extending toward an end away from the valve seat and being connected to the housing;

[0021] The coil structure is located at one end of the main body away from the valve seat and is arranged around the periphery of the connecting part. The height of the coil structure in the axial direction of the valve cover is H, and the height of the connecting part in the axial direction of the valve cover is G, where 0.3H≤G≤0.7H.

[0022] In one embodiment, the piston assembly has a through hole along its axial direction, the valve needle closes or opens the through hole in a direction close to or away from the through hole, the minimum diameter of the through hole is a, the maximum stroke of the piston assembly in its axial direction is b, and the distance between the end faces of the valve cover and the moving iron core that are close to each other is c, where c≥a / 4+b+0.2mm.

[0023] In one embodiment, the valve needle is spaced apart from the mounting hole to define a flow gap between the outer wall of the valve needle and the wall of the mounting hole.

[0024] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the mounting hole is formed with an annular stepped portion;

[0025] The solenoid valve also includes a spring sleeved around the valve needle, with one end of the spring supported on the annular step portion and the other end abutting against the moving iron core.

[0026] In one embodiment, the mounting hole includes a plurality of hole segments, the plurality of hole segments including a first hole segment, a second hole segment and a third hole segment arranged sequentially in a direction away from the housing, the inner diameter of the first hole segment being larger than that of the second hole segment, the inner diameter of the second hole segment being greater than or equal to that of the third hole segment, and the annular step portion being formed at the junction of the first hole segment and the second hole segment.

[0027] The present invention also provides a refrigeration device, the refrigeration device including a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve comprising:

[0028] A valve body assembly includes a valve seat, a valve cover, and a housing. One end of the valve cover in its axial direction surrounds the valve seat to form a valve cavity, and the other end surrounds the housing to form a mounting cavity. The valve cover is provided with a mounting hole communicating with the valve cavity and the mounting cavity, and the valve seat is provided with a valve port.

[0029] An electromagnetic component includes a coil structure and a moving iron core, wherein the moving iron core is used to generate an electromagnetic force that attracts the valve cover when the coil structure is energized, so as to approach and attract the valve cover.

[0030] A piston assembly is movably disposed in the valve chamber in directions approaching and away from the valve port; and,

[0031] A valve needle is inserted through the mounting hole, one end of which is connected to the moving iron core, and the other end is used to drive the piston assembly to move.

[0032] The valve cover has a recessed mounting groove on its end face facing the housing to divide the end face of the valve cover into two parts. The electromagnetic component includes a gasket disposed in the mounting groove, and the gasket is made of a non-magnetic metal material.

[0033] The present invention also proposes an automobile, the automobile including a refrigeration device, the refrigeration device including the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve comprising:

[0034] A valve body assembly includes a valve seat, a valve cover, and a housing. One end of the valve cover in its axial direction surrounds the valve seat to form a valve cavity, and the other end surrounds the housing to form a mounting cavity. The valve cover is provided with a mounting hole communicating with the valve cavity and the mounting cavity, and the valve seat is provided with a valve port.

[0035] An electromagnetic component includes a coil structure and a moving iron core, wherein the moving iron core is used to generate an electromagnetic force that attracts the valve cover when the coil structure is energized, so as to approach and attract the valve cover.

[0036] A piston assembly is movably disposed in the valve chamber in directions approaching and away from the valve port; and,

[0037] A valve needle is inserted through the mounting hole, one end of which is connected to the moving iron core, and the other end is used to drive the piston assembly to move.

[0038] The valve cover has a recessed mounting groove on its end face facing the housing to divide the end face of the valve cover into two parts. The electromagnetic component includes a gasket disposed in the mounting groove, and the gasket is made of a non-magnetic metal material.

[0039] The technical solution of this invention uses a gasket made of non-magnetic metal material, embedded in the mounting groove of the valve cover. The gasket divides the static iron core path of the valve cover into two independent magnetic circuit branches. The magnetic reluctance of the two branches differs due to the non-magnetic nature of the gasket. When the coil structure is connected to AC power, the magnetic flux flowing through the two branches has a phase difference due to the path difference. This ensures that the total electromagnetic force on the moving iron core at any given time is always the sum of the resultant forces generated by the magnetic flux of the two branches, thus avoiding the problem of the electromagnetic force disappearing instantaneously due to the zero crossing of the AC voltage. By dividing the static iron core magnetic circuit and designing the phase difference through the non-magnetic metal gasket, the performance instability problem of the solenoid valve caused by electromagnetic force fluctuations under AC power environment is solved, while maintaining the compact structure and multi-power supply compatibility of the solenoid valve. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the solenoid valve provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the structure of the solenoid valve section;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the valve seat, valve cover and housing;

[0044] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the valve cover and gasket;

[0045] Figure 5 for Figure 1Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the moving iron core and valve needle;

[0046] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the valve seat;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the suction surface and non-suction surface in the solenoid valve provided by the present invention.

[0048] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0049] 100. Solenoid valve; 1. Valve seat; d. Valve port; 2. Valve cover; c. Mounting hole; c1. First hole section; c2. Second hole section; c3. Third hole section; 2a. Mounting groove; 21. Main body; 22. Connecting part; 23. Annular step part; 3. Housing; a. Valve cavity; b. Mounting cavity; 4. Coil structure; 5. Moving iron core; 6. Piston assembly; 6a. Communicating hole; 7. Valve needle; 8. Gasket; 9. Spring.

[0050] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0053] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0054] Currently, most pilot-operated solenoid valves on the market are suitable for DC power environments. When used in AC environments, the electromagnetic force temporarily disappears when the voltage is at phase 0, causing the moving iron core to fail to stably adhere to the valve cover, resulting in unstable valve flow. Therefore, a solution is urgently needed that allows the solenoid valve to maintain a stable electromagnetic force while being compatible with multiple power sources. This would not only improve system adaptability but also ensure the reliability and efficiency of valve operation in various application scenarios.

[0055] This invention proposes a solenoid valve that is compatible with multiple power supply types while maintaining stable electromagnetic force.

[0056] Please see Figures 1 to 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, the solenoid valve 100 includes a valve body assembly, an electromagnetic assembly, a piston assembly 6, and a valve needle 7. The valve body assembly includes a valve seat 1, a valve cover 2, and a housing 3. One end of the valve cover 2 in its axial direction surrounds the valve seat 1 to form a valve cavity a, and the other end surrounds the housing 3 to form a mounting cavity b. The valve cover 2 is provided with a mounting hole c communicating with the valve cavity a and the mounting cavity b. The valve seat 1 is provided with a valve port d. The electromagnetic assembly includes a coil structure 4 and a moving iron core 5. The moving iron core 5 is used for mounting the coil structure 4. When energized, an electromagnetic force is generated to attract and engage the valve cover 2; the piston assembly 6 is movably disposed in the valve cavity a in the direction of approaching and moving away from the valve port d; the valve needle 7 passes through the mounting hole c, one end of the valve needle 7 is connected to the moving iron core 5, and the other end is used to drive the piston assembly 6 to move; wherein, the end face of the valve cover 2 facing the housing 3 is recessed with a mounting groove 2a, and the electromagnetic assembly includes a gasket 8 disposed in the mounting groove 2a, the gasket 8 being made of a non-magnetic metal material.

[0057] It is understood that the valve body assembly includes a valve seat 1, a valve cover 2, and a housing 3. One axial end of the valve cover 2 encloses the valve seat 1 to form a valve cavity a, and the other end encloses the housing 3 to form a mounting cavity b. The valve cover 2 is provided with a mounting hole c extending through it axially, which connects the valve cavity a and the mounting cavity b, for inserting a valve needle 7. The valve seat 1 is provided with a valve port d, which is used to control the flow or blockage of the medium. The end face of the valve cover 2 facing the housing 3 is provided with a groove for embedding a non-magnetic metal gasket 8, which divides the static iron core path of the valve cover 2 into two independent magnetic circuit branches.

[0058] It should be noted that non-magnetic metallic materials are those that are not attracted or magnetized by a magnetic field. Their internal atomic electron configuration or alloy composition prevents them from exhibiting ferromagnetism (i.e., they do not form spontaneous magnetic moments). Non-magnetic metallic materials show almost no significant magnetic response when subjected to an external magnetic field. Examples include stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and nickel-based alloys.

[0059] The electromagnetic assembly includes a coil structure 4 and a moving iron core 5. The coil structure 4 is wound around the outer periphery of the housing 3, and the moving iron core 5 is disposed in the mounting cavity b. One end of the moving iron core 5 is connected to the valve needle 7, and the other end is driven by the electromagnetic force generated by the coil structure 4 when energized, moving axially towards or away from the valve cover 2. The moving iron core 5 and the valve cover 2 together form a closed magnetic circuit, in which the valve cover 2 participates in the formation of the magnetic circuit as a stationary iron core.

[0060] Piston assembly 6 is located inside valve chamber a, with one end connected to moving iron core 5 via valve needle 7, and the other end opposite valve port d. Piston assembly 6 is sealed to the inner wall of valve chamber a, and its axial movement is driven by valve needle 7, thereby opening and closing valve port d.

[0061] The valve needle 7 is a hollow or solid rod-shaped structure. One end of it is fixedly connected to the moving iron core 5, and the other end extends into the valve cavity a and is connected to the drive end of the piston assembly 6. The axial movement of the valve needle 7 is directly transmitted to the piston assembly 6.

[0062] The gasket 8 is embedded in the groove of the valve cover 2. It is made of non-magnetic metal, and its thickness and position are designed according to the magnetic circuit division requirements. The gasket 8 divides the static iron core path of the valve cover 2 into two independent branches (such as symmetrically distributed left and right, upper and lower, or inner and outer parts). The magnetic resistance of the two branches differs due to the non-magnetic properties of the gasket 8.

[0063] When the coil structure 4 is connected to AC power, the magnetic flux flowing through the two branches produces a phase difference due to the path difference, so that the total electromagnetic force on the moving iron core 5 at any time is always the sum of the resultant forces generated by the magnetic flux of the two branches, thereby avoiding the problem of the electromagnetic force disappearing instantaneously due to the zero point of the AC voltage.

[0064] By dividing the stationary iron core path with shim 8, the phase difference of the magnetic flux of the two magnetic circuit branches ensures that the moving iron core 5 is always subjected to an effective attraction force. Even near the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage, the magnetic flux generated by the two branches can still complement each other, so that the attraction force between the moving iron core 5 and the valve cover 2 is not zero.

[0065] The technical solution of this invention uses a non-magnetic metal gasket 8, embedded in the mounting groove 2a of the valve cover 2. The gasket 8 divides the stationary iron core path of the valve cover 2 into two independent magnetic circuit branches. The magnetic resistance of the two branches differs due to the non-magnetic nature of the gasket 8. When the coil structure 4 is connected to AC power, the magnetic flux flowing through the two branches has a phase difference due to the path difference, ensuring that the total electromagnetic force on the moving iron core 5 at any given time is always the sum of the results of the magnetic flux generated by the two branches. This avoids the problem of the electromagnetic force disappearing instantaneously due to the zero crossing of the AC voltage. By dividing the stationary iron core magnetic circuit and designing the phase difference using the non-magnetic metal gasket 8, the performance instability of the solenoid valve 100 caused by electromagnetic force fluctuations under AC power conditions is solved, while maintaining the compact structure and multi-power supply compatibility of the solenoid valve 100.

[0066] Please refer to the figures and... Figure 4 In this embodiment, the groove is configured as an annular groove and is arranged around the periphery of the mounting hole c, and the gasket 8 is arranged in an annular shape.

[0067] The valve cover 2 has an annular groove on its end face facing the housing 3. The groove is evenly distributed around the mounting hole c, forming a continuous annular path. Correspondingly, the gasket 8 adopts an annular structure that matches the groove. After being embedded in the groove, it fits tightly against the surface of the valve cover 2, ensuring seamless connection with the stationary iron core path. The annular design allows the gasket 8 to evenly divide the magnetic circuit around the valve cover 2, avoiding the problem of uneven magnetic flux caused by excessive local magnetic resistance differences.

[0068] Understandably, due to the symmetry of the ring structure, the magnetic reluctance, magnetic circuit length, and path area of ​​each branch remain consistent, ensuring that the magnetic flux flowing through each branch is evenly distributed in space. When alternating current is applied to the coil structure 4, the phase difference of the magnetic flux in each branch changes synchronously due to the path symmetry, so that the total electromagnetic force on the moving iron core 5 remains balanced in time and space, avoiding offset or jitter caused by local magnetic force fluctuations.

[0069] Furthermore, the uniform division of the annular gasket 8 ensures that the magnetic flux paths of each branch of the magnetic circuit are symmetrical, and the magnetic flux density tends to be consistent along the annular direction. This not only ensures that the moving iron core 5 can maintain stable adsorption through the resultant force of the magnetic flux of multiple branches when the AC voltage crosses zero, but also reduces local overheating or eddy current losses caused by uneven magnetic flux distribution, further reducing the energy consumption of the solenoid valve 100.

[0070] It should also be noted that the annular structure ensures accurate circumferential positioning of the gasket 8 and the valve cover 2, avoiding magnetic circuit offset caused by installation errors. The matching design of the annular groove and the gasket 8 simplifies the assembly process.

[0071] Through the synergistic effect of the annular groove and the annular gasket 8, the uniform division and magnetic flux balance of the static iron core magnetic circuit are achieved, which significantly improves the working stability of the solenoid valve 100 in the AC environment, while optimizing the structural compactness and assembly reliability.

[0072] Further, please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, the gasket 8 is disposed adjacent to the outer periphery of the valve cover 2.

[0073] Understandably, the gasket 8 is segmented in the outer peripheral area of ​​the valve cover 2, rather than near the inner periphery. Compared to placing the gasket 8 on the inner periphery, positioning it on the outer periphery allows the magnetic path of the stationary iron core to be evenly divided into two or more annular branches, with the path length, area, and magnetic resistance distribution of each branch being more symmetrical. The longer magnetic path in the outer peripheral area reduces local magnetic saturation or eddy current losses caused by the concentration of magnetic resistance in the inner peripheral area, while ensuring a uniform distribution of magnetic flux around the valve cover 2.

[0074] In addition, the outer periphery setting makes the path of the magnetic circuit branch further away from the axis of valve needle 7, avoiding the local magnetic flux density difference caused by the excessive concentration of magnetic flux in the inner periphery region.

[0075] Furthermore, the mounting groove 2a and the gasket 8 occupy the size of the contact surface between the valve cover 2 and the moving iron core 5, thus affecting the magnitude of the electromagnetic force. To ensure that the magnitude of the electromagnetic force does not affect the normal engagement of the solenoid valve 100, and to ensure that the gasket 8 effectively separates the components, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 In this embodiment, the total area of ​​the contact surfaces of the valve cover 2 and the moving iron core 5 is S, the projected area of ​​the gasket 8 on the axial direction of the valve cover 2 is S1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the mounting hole c is S2, where S≥1.5(S1+S2).

[0076] It should be noted that the total area of ​​the contact surface between the valve cover 2 and the moving iron core 5 is S. This area is the effective contact area in the magnetic circuit that directly participates in the generation of electromagnetic force.

[0077] The projected area of ​​the gasket 8 on the valve cover 2 in the axial direction is S1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the mounting hole c is S2. Together, they constitute the non-engagement area (S1+S2) in the magnetic circuit.

[0078] This embodiment requires S≥1.5(S1+S2), meaning the area of ​​the attracting surface must be at least 1.5 times the area of ​​the non-attracting region. This ratio balances the effective attracting area of ​​the magnetic circuit with the area of ​​the non-attracting region, ensuring that the solenoid valve 100 maintains sufficient electromagnetic force while adjusting the magnetic flux phase difference through the gasket 8.

[0079] If the area of ​​the non-attracting region (S1+S2) is too large (i.e., S / (S1+S2) < 1.5), the attracting surface S will be relatively insufficient, resulting in a significant decrease in the total electromagnetic force between the moving iron core 5 and the valve cover 2. Especially near the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage, the electromagnetic force may not be able to maintain the stable attraction of the moving iron core 5, causing fluctuations in the flow rate at the valve port d, vibration, or noise.

[0080] Conversely, if the ratio is too high (S is much greater than S1+S2), although the electromagnetic force can be guaranteed, the adjustment function of the pad 8 will be limited due to the small non-closing area, and the magnetic circuit cannot be effectively divided to generate a phase difference, resulting in the electromagnetic force fluctuation problem during AC operation not being completely solved.

[0081] The 1.5 times threshold setting is based on the electromagnetic force formula (F=(μ0μ)). r NI 2 A) / (2g 2 Simulation calculations involving magnetic circuit segmentation ensure that the contact surface area is sufficient to support stable electromagnetic force, while the non-contact region S1+S2 can still generate an effective magnetic flux phase difference through the segmentation effect of the gasket 8. Experiments show that when S / (S1+S2)≥1.5, the electromagnetic force fluctuation amplitude of the solenoid valve 100 under AC current can be controlled within ±10%, which is better than the ±30% fluctuation when no ratio is set.

[0082] By constraining the ratio of S to S1+S2, the attraction surface always provides sufficient magnetic circuit cross-sectional area, ensuring that the moving iron core 5 is effectively attracted by electromagnetic force throughout the entire alternating current cycle. Although the S1 area of ​​the gasket 8 is limited by the ratio, its annular distribution can still accurately divide the magnetic circuit path, making the phase difference between the two branches of magnetic flux reach approximately 90°. Thus, the total electromagnetic force at any given moment is always the vector sum of the two branches of magnetic flux, significantly reducing torque fluctuations at the zero-crossing point of the alternating current.

[0083] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the portion of the suction surface located within the inner periphery of the mounting groove 2a is S3, and the area of ​​the portion of the suction surface located outside the mounting groove 2a is S4: S3≥S4; and / or, S2+S3≥1.5S4; and / or, S2+S3≥S1; and / or, S3≥1.5S2.

[0084] It is understandable that S3 is the suction area located within the inner perimeter of the mounting groove 2a (near the center area of ​​the mounting hole c); and S4 is the suction area located outside the mounting groove 2a (far from the center area of ​​the mounting hole c).

[0085] In some embodiments, S3 ≥ S4, meaning the inner attraction area must not be less than the outer attraction area. This constraint ensures that the inner region (S3) near the axis of the valve needle 7 in the magnetic circuit has sufficient magnetic flux path, preventing the outer region (S4) from excessively occupying the attraction area and causing uneven magnetic force distribution. The magnetic flux path in the inner region participates more directly in the attraction of the moving iron core 5, so its area advantage can improve the concentration and stability of the electromagnetic force.

[0086] In some embodiments, the co-constraint between the inner perimeter and the mounting hole c (S2+S3≥1.5S4) means that the sum of the cross-sectional area S2 of the mounting hole c and the inner perimeter's attraction area S3 must be at least 1.5 times the outer perimeter's attraction area S4. This proportional relationship ensures that the total area of ​​the core region (inner perimeter + mounting hole c) in the magnetic circuit is dominant by comparing the total area of ​​the mounting hole c region (non-attraction surface) and the inner perimeter's attraction surface with the outer attraction surface. If S4 is too large (S2+S3<1.5S4), the magnetic flux path may become detours due to differences in magnetic reluctance on the outer attraction surface, reducing the peak electromagnetic force and exacerbating torque fluctuations at the zero-crossing point of the alternating current. This constraint ensures the magnetic circuit priority of the inner perimeter and mounting hole c regions through quantification, maintaining the stability of the electromagnetic force.

[0087] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the gasket 8 is coordinated with the area of ​​the contact surface (S2+S3≥S1), that is, the sum of the area S2 of the mounting hole c and the inner contact area S3 must not be less than the projected area S1 of the gasket 8. The S1 region of the gasket 8 belongs to the non-contact area of ​​the magnetic circuit. If S1 exceeds the sum of S2+S3, it will cause the effective area of ​​the contact surface to be over-divided, weakening the electromagnetic force. This constraint ensures that the gasket 8 only serves as an adjustment component for magnetic circuit division, rather than excessively occupying the contact area, thereby balancing the needs of magnetic flux phase difference adjustment and electromagnetic force output.

[0088] In some embodiments, the absolute ratio of the inner perimeter to the mounting hole c (S3 ≥ 1.5S2), i.e., the inner perimeter attraction area S3, must be at least 1.5 times the area S2 of the mounting hole c. The mounting hole c serves as the passage for the valve needle 7, and its S2 area does not participate in the magnetic circuit closure. If S3 is too small (e.g., S3 < 1.5S2), the inner perimeter attraction surface may not be able to form a continuous and effective magnetic flux path due to the "magnetic reluctance gap" of the mounting hole c, leading to local attenuation of the electromagnetic force. This constraint ensures the area advantage of S3 over S2, ensuring the continuity of the magnetic circuit in the inner perimeter region and avoiding magnetic circuit breaks caused by the physical opening of the mounting hole c, thereby maintaining the uniformity and reliability of the adsorption of the moving iron core 5.

[0089] Through the synergistic effect of the above area constraints, when S3≥S4 and S3≥1.5S2, the inner magnetic circuit is guaranteed to be dominant, reducing the torque fluctuation caused by the difference in magnetic resistance in the outer region, so that the adsorption force of the moving iron core 5 is always greater than or equal to the rated value during the AC cycle.

[0090] S2+S3≥S1 restricts the area ratio of the shim 8, making it only an adjustment component for magnetic circuit segmentation, rather than weakening the main area of ​​the attraction surface, thus ensuring that the phase difference magnetic flux can still effectively compensate for the zero-crossing torque.

[0091] The constraint balance of S2+S3≥1.5S4 in the core area (inner perimeter + mounting hole c) and the magnetic circuit weight of the outer area avoids the excessive length of the magnetic flux path caused by the large outer contact surface, while also meeting the necessary space requirements of the valve needle 7 mounting hole c.

[0092] This embodiment achieves precise allocation of the attraction surface and non-attraction area through multi-dimensional area ratio constraints. While ensuring stable electromagnetic force output, it optimizes AC power performance through magnetic circuit segmentation of the gasket 8, taking into account both functional and structural rationality.

[0093] Further, please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, the depth of the mounting groove 2a is set to be no less than the thickness of the gasket 8.

[0094] Understandably, the depth of the annular mounting groove 2a of the valve cover 2 is designed to be no less than the thickness of the gasket 8, ensuring that the gasket 8 is fully embedded in the groove and its surface is flush with or slightly lower than the end face of the valve cover 2. This structure avoids the risk of physical contact or scratching between the gasket 8 and the moving iron core 5 due to the gasket 8 protruding from the surface of the valve cover 2. When the moving iron core 5 moves toward the valve cover 2 under the action of electromagnetic force and finally closes, its end face only contacts the closing surface of the valve cover 2 and does not touch the area of ​​the gasket 8, thereby eliminating mechanical collision caused by the protrusion of the gasket 8.

[0095] In addition, the gasket 8 is fully embedded, making its contact surface with the valve cover 2 tighter, resulting in lower magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit path and a more concentrated magnetic flux distribution in the effective attraction area, thus avoiding local magnetic circuit breaks or sudden changes in magnetic resistance caused by the protrusion of the gasket 8.

[0096] This embodiment ensures that the gasket 8 is fully embedded and does not interfere with the movement of the moving iron core 5 by precisely controlling the matching relationship between the depth of the mounting groove 2a and the thickness of the gasket 8, thereby eliminating noise, increasing electromagnetic force, and significantly enhancing the long-term reliability of the solenoid valve 100.

[0097] Further, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In this embodiment, the valve cover 2 includes a main body 21 and a connecting part 22 protruding from the main body 21. The main body 21 is connected to the valve seat 1, and the connecting part 22 extends toward the end away from the valve seat 1 and is connected to the housing 3. The coil structure 4 is disposed at the end of the main body 21 away from the valve seat 1 and is arranged around the periphery of the connecting part 22. The height of the coil structure 4 in the axial direction of the valve cover 2 is H, and the height of the connecting part 22 in the axial direction of the valve cover 2 is G, where 0.3H≤G≤0.7H.

[0098] It is understandable that the main body 21 is directly connected to the valve seat 1, forming the lower boundary of the valve cavity a and constituting the static iron core main body path of the magnetic circuit.

[0099] The connecting portion 22 extends outward from the main body 21, protruding away from the valve seat 1, and its end connects to the housing 3, providing mounting support for the coil structure 4. By separating the main body 21 of the magnetic circuit body from the connecting portion 22 supporting the coil structure 4, it is ensured that the magnetic flux path is concentrated in the effective area of ​​the main body 21, avoiding interference of the connecting portion 22 with the magnetic circuit.

[0100] The coil structure 4 is arranged in a ring around the connecting part 22 and covers the end of the main body 21 that is away from the valve seat 1. The height of the coil structure 4 is H, and the height of the connecting part 22 is G, and the condition 0.3H≤G≤0.7H is met.

[0101] It should be noted that the lower limit of the height G of the connecting part 22 (G≥0.3H) ensures that there is sufficient axial overlap area between the coil structure 4 and the main body 21, so that the magnetic flux path can efficiently pass through the static iron core area of ​​the main body 21 and reduce magnetic resistance.

[0102] The upper limit of the height G of the connecting part 22 (G≤0.7H) limits the height of the connecting part 22 to prevent it from being too long and causing the magnetic field of the coil structure 4 to be excessively dispersed to the connecting part 22 (non-magnetic area), thereby concentrating the magnetic lines of force and guiding them to the contact surface between the main body 21 and the moving iron core 5, thus enhancing the directionality of the electromagnetic force.

[0103] By matching the height ratio of G and H, the magnetic flux path generated by the coil structure 4 avoids the non-magnetic area of ​​the connecting part 22 and passes directly through the high permeability path of the main body 21, reducing magnetic circuit detours and thus lowering magnetic reluctance. In addition, when the moving iron core 5 is attracted, its contact surface with the main body 21 is always in the high-density area of ​​the magnetic field of the coil structure 4, avoiding torque fluctuations caused by abrupt changes in the magnetic circuit path.

[0104] Furthermore, to ensure the reliability of the solenoid valve 100, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 2In this embodiment, the piston assembly 6 has a through hole 6a along its axial direction, and the valve needle 7 closes or opens the through hole 6a in a direction close to or far from the through hole 6a. The minimum diameter of the through hole 6a is a, the maximum stroke of the piston assembly 6 in its axial direction is b, and the distance between the end faces of the valve cover 2 and the moving iron core 5 that are close to each other is c, where c≥a / 4+b+0.2mm.

[0105] The minimum diameter a of the connecting hole 6a is the diameter of the connecting hole 6a axially penetrating the piston assembly 6 at the minimum cross section. a directly determines the minimum flow area when the medium passes through the piston, affecting the flow stability of the valve port d.

[0106] The maximum stroke b of the piston is the limit distance that the piston assembly 6 can move axially. The larger the value, the wider the range of valve port opening d.

[0107] The distance c between the valve cover 2 and the end face of the moving iron core 5 is the minimum distance between the end face of the stationary iron core of the valve cover 2 and the suction surface of the moving iron core 5 when the solenoid valve 100 is initially closed.

[0108] a / 4 is half the radius of the connecting hole 6a, representing the minimum safe distance between the edge of the connecting hole 6a and the valve cover 2 / moving iron core 5 when the piston moves (to avoid the connecting hole 6a being squeezed, deformed, or blocked).

[0109] b represents the space required for the piston to move throughout its entire stroke, ensuring that it can still move freely even at its maximum stroke.

[0110] The 0.2mm is a safety margin reserved to compensate for minor displacement deviations caused by machining errors or dynamic vibrations, or to achieve micro-flow control.

[0111] When the piston moves to its limit position, the distance between the edge of its connecting hole 6a and the valve cover 2 / moving iron core 5 must be at least a / 4 to ensure that the radius of the connecting hole 6a is not compressed to less than the design value due to physical contact, and to avoid the hole diameter shrinkage, flow drop or medium blockage caused by contact.

[0112] The minimum value of c must cover the full piston displacement b and the safety margin of 0.2mm to ensure that the piston remains in a non-contact state with the valve cover 2 / moving iron core 5 during its maximum stroke. If c < b, the piston may hit the valve cover 2 / moving iron core 5 due to excessive stroke, resulting in mechanical jamming or magnetic short circuit; if c < a / 4 + b, the connecting hole 6a may be deformed by the piston movement, affecting the flow control accuracy.

[0113] By constraining the minimum value of c, the moving iron core 5 and the valve cover 2 always maintain the initial gap c, avoiding electromagnetic force fluctuations caused by premature contact (such as insufficient stroke caused by premature adsorption of the moving iron core 5).

[0114] By quantifying the constraints of geometric parameters, the movement stroke of the piston assembly 6, the flow control of the valve port d, and the safety distance of the magnetic circuit are organically combined, completely eliminating the risk of physical interference between the piston and the valve cover 2 / moving iron core 5. The solenoid valve 100 has no jamming or leakage during the full stroke, ensuring that the solenoid valve 100 maintains reliability and flow stability under all working conditions, while taking into account both design fault tolerance and long-term reliability.

[0115] Further, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the valve needle 7 is spaced apart from the mounting hole c to define a flow gap between the outer wall of the valve needle 7 and the wall of the mounting hole c.

[0116] The valve needle 7 maintains a radial distance from the mounting hole c of the valve cover 2, and an annular flow gap is formed between its outer wall and the wall of the mounting hole c. The width of this gap is designed according to the refrigerant flow requirements and the movement requirements of the moving iron core 5, ensuring both flexible guidance of the valve needle 7 during axial movement and providing a channel for the refrigerant to flow inside the valve body.

[0117] The refrigerant can be replenished or diverted through the gap between the valve needle 7 and the mounting hole c. Especially when the valve port d is partially open, the auxiliary flow of the gap can balance the pressure distribution between the valve chamber a and the mounting chamber b, avoiding the piston assembly 6 from jamming or vibrating due to sudden changes in local pressure.

[0118] This embodiment, through the clearance fit design between the valve needle 7 and the mounting hole c, ensures precise driving of the moving iron core 5 while providing an auxiliary flow path for the refrigerant, thereby improving the flow stability, motion reliability, and anti-contamination capability of the solenoid valve 100.

[0119] Further, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the inner wall of the mounting hole c is formed with an annular step portion 23; the solenoid valve 100 also includes a spring 9 sleeved around the valve needle 7, one end of the spring 9 is supported by the annular step portion 23, and the other end abuts against the moving iron core 5.

[0120] The inner wall of the mounting hole c of the valve cover 2 is provided with an annular step portion 23. The spring 9 is sleeved around the valve needle 7, with one end supported by the annular step portion 23 and the other end abutting against the moving iron core 5. The step portion directly provides axial positioning support for the spring 9, preventing the spring 9 from shifting or falling off due to vibration or impact. At the same time, it ensures that the preload of the spring 9 is evenly applied to the moving iron core 5, so that it can stably reset to the initial position (away from the valve cover 2) when the power is off.

[0121] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3In this embodiment, the mounting hole c includes multiple hole segments, which include a first hole segment c1, a second hole segment c2, and a third hole segment c3 arranged sequentially in a direction away from the housing 3. The inner diameter of the first hole segment c1 is set to be larger than that of the second hole segment c2, and the inner diameter of the second hole segment c2 is set to be greater than or equal to that of the third hole segment c3. The annular step portion 23 is formed at the junction of the first hole segment c1 and the second hole segment c2.

[0122] Understandably, the mounting hole c of the valve cover 2 is divided into three segments along the axial direction. The first segment c1 (closest to the end of the housing 3) has the largest inner diameter, providing ample space for the initial installation of the valve needle 7 and the moving iron core 5, facilitating assembly. The second segment c2 (middle segment) has an inner diameter smaller than the first segment c1 but greater than or equal to the third segment c3, and its inner wall forms a large annular flow gap with the outer wall of the moving iron core 5 (gap width = inner diameter of the second segment c2 - outer diameter of the moving iron core 5). The third segment c3 (farthest from the end of the housing 3, close to the valve seat 1) has the smallest inner diameter, used to precisely guide the connection between the end of the valve needle 7 and the piston assembly 6.

[0123] An annular step 23 is formed at the junction of the first hole segment c1 and the second hole segment c2 to support one end of the spring 9 and ensure that the spring 9 remains stable during axial movement.

[0124] By designing the inner diameter of the second orifice c2 to be greater than or equal to that of the third orifice c3 and greater than that of the first orifice c1, the gap between it and the outer wall of the moving iron core 5 is maximized, increasing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the refrigerant. This gap allows the refrigerant to form an annular flow channel between the valve needle 7 and the valve cover 2. Especially when the valve port d is open, the refrigerant can pass through this channel quickly, reducing the local pressure loss caused by the tight contact between the valve needle 7 and the valve cover 2.

[0125] Furthermore, the wide gap in the second orifice section c2 allows the refrigerant to flow continuously during the movement of the moving iron core 5, avoiding sudden changes in flow resistance or eddy currents caused by excessively small gaps. Simultaneously, it allows trace impurities or condensate in the refrigerant to pass smoothly, reducing accumulation at the contact surface between the valve needle 7 and the valve cover 2. The refrigerant flow also helps to remove heat from the moving iron core 5 during operation, reducing the risk of localized overheating.

[0126] The precise positioning of the annular step portion 23 ensures that the spring 9 is always at the junction of the first hole segment c1 and the second hole segment c2, preventing the spring 9 from shifting axially due to vibration or impact. Simultaneously, the three-section hole design allows the valve cover 2 to function as the stationary iron core, the enclosure of the valve cavity a, and the housing 3, while providing support space for the spring 9 through the first hole segment c1; ensuring media flow through the second hole segment c2; and ensuring a precise connection between the valve needle 7 and the piston assembly 6 through the third hole segment c3. This embodiment, through the three-section structure of the mounting hole c and the design of the annular step portion 23, ensures the reliable positioning of the spring 9 while significantly improving media flow efficiency, reducing flow resistance, and enhancing the long-term operational stability of the solenoid valve 100 through the wide gap of the second hole segment c2.

[0127] The present invention also proposes a refrigeration device, which includes a heat exchanger and a solenoid valve 100. The specific structure of the solenoid valve 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since the refrigeration device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0128] The present invention also proposes an automobile, which includes a body and a refrigeration device. The specific structure of the refrigeration device is as described in the above embodiments. Since the automobile adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0129] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solenoid valve, characterized in that, include: A valve body assembly includes a valve seat, a valve cover, and a housing. One end of the valve cover in its axial direction surrounds the valve seat to form a valve cavity, and the other end surrounds the housing to form a mounting cavity. The valve cover is provided with a mounting hole communicating with the valve cavity and the mounting cavity, and the valve seat is provided with a valve port. An electromagnetic component includes a coil structure and a moving iron core, wherein the moving iron core is used to generate an electromagnetic force that attracts the valve cover when the coil structure is energized, so as to approach and attract the valve cover. A piston assembly is movably disposed in the valve chamber in directions approaching and away from the valve port; and, A valve needle is inserted through the mounting hole, one end of which is connected to the moving iron core, and the other end is used to drive the piston assembly to move. The valve cover has a recessed mounting groove on its end face facing the housing to divide the end face of the valve cover into two parts. The electromagnetic component includes a gasket disposed in the mounting groove, and the gasket is made of a non-magnetic metal material.

2. The solenoid valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The groove is configured as an annular groove and is arranged around the periphery of the mounting hole, and the gasket is arranged in an annular shape.

3. The solenoid valve as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The gasket is disposed adjacent to the outer periphery of the valve cover.

4. The solenoid valve as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The total area of ​​the contact surfaces of the valve cover and the moving iron core is S, the projected area of ​​the gasket on the valve cover in the axial direction is S1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the mounting hole is S2, where S≥1.5(S1+S2).

5. The solenoid valve as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The area of ​​the suction surface located within the inner perimeter of the mounting groove is S3, and the area of ​​the area located outside the mounting groove is S4. S3≥S4; and / or, S2 + S3 ≥ 1.5S4; and / or, S2+S3≥S1; and / or, S3≥1.5S2.

6. The solenoid valve as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The depth of the mounting groove is set to be no less than the thickness of the gasket.

7. The solenoid valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The valve cover includes a main body and a connecting portion protruding from the main body. The main body is connected to the valve seat, and the connecting portion extends toward an end away from the valve seat and is connected to the housing. The coil structure is located at one end of the main body away from the valve seat and is arranged around the periphery of the connecting part. The height of the coil structure in the axial direction of the valve cover is H, and the height of the connecting part in the axial direction of the valve cover is G, where 0.3H≤G≤0.7H.

8. The solenoid valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The piston assembly has a through hole along its axial direction. The valve needle closes or opens the through hole in a direction close to or away from it. The minimum diameter of the through hole is a. The maximum stroke of the piston assembly in its axial direction is b. The distance between the end faces of the valve cover and the moving iron core that are close to each other is c, where c ≥ a / 4 + b + 0.2 mm.

9. The solenoid valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The valve needle is spaced apart from the mounting hole to define a flow gap between the outer wall of the valve needle and the wall of the mounting hole.

10. The solenoid valve as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the mounting hole is formed with an annular stepped portion; The solenoid valve also includes a spring sleeved around the valve needle, with one end of the spring supported on the annular step portion and the other end abutting against the moving iron core.

11. The solenoid valve as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The mounting hole includes multiple hole segments, which include a first hole segment, a second hole segment, and a third hole segment arranged sequentially in the direction away from the housing. The inner diameter of the first hole segment is set to be larger than that of the second hole segment, and the inner diameter of the second hole segment is set to be greater than or equal to that of the third hole segment. The junction of the first hole segment and the second hole segment forms the annular step portion.

12. A refrigeration device, characterized in that, Including the solenoid valve as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A car, characterized in that, Includes the refrigeration equipment as described in claim 12.

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