Explosion-proof waterproof and breathable membrane and explosion-proof waterproof and breathable valve

Abstract

This application discloses an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane and an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane includes a first membrane layer; a second membrane layer is stacked and connected to the first membrane layer; the second membrane layer includes multiple valve pieces, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second membrane layer and form an adjustment space for gas flow between the valve pieces and the first membrane layer; wherein, when the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, the multiple valve pieces unfold in the direction away from the first membrane layer to increase the ventilation of the adjustment space; when the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is greater than the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, the multiple valve pieces adhere in the direction closer to the first membrane layer to decrease the ventilation of the adjustment space. Thus, this application achieves adaptive pressure adjustment through the dynamic deformation of the membrane material, combined with a mechanical pressure relief mechanism, and possesses both high-efficiency breathability, precise pressure relief, and high-level environmental isolation performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of explosion-proof, waterproof and breathable technology, and in particular to an explosion-proof, waterproof and breathable membrane and an explosion-proof, waterproof and breathable valve. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most existing explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membranes adopt single-layer microporous membranes or simple composite membrane structures. Their breathability mainly depends on the fixed porosity of the membrane material itself, and the effective gas flow area remains constant.

[0003] In practical applications, when the temperature of a sealed enclosure such as a precision electronic device or a new energy battery pack drops suddenly or the external environmental pressure changes abruptly, negative pressure is easily formed inside. It is necessary to promptly draw in external gas to balance the internal and external pressure difference and prevent the enclosure from collapsing or the sealing structure from failing. On the other hand, when the internal air pressure of the equipment rises slightly or when it is operating normally, it is necessary to quickly close or reduce the gas flow path to prevent external moisture, dust or corrosive and harmful substances from entering the enclosure in reverse, so as to avoid short circuits of electronic components or deterioration of battery performance.

[0004] However, traditional diaphragms can only provide a constant air permeability. They cannot sensitively increase the air intake area to achieve rapid pressure relief balance under negative pressure, nor can they actively adhere to the surface under positive pressure to block reverse permeation through their own deformation. This severely limits their applicability in complex operating conditions that require highly sensitive responses to air pressure direction and also demand reverse sealing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane and an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve, which can solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] This application provides an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane, comprising: First membrane layer; The second membrane layer is stacked and connected to the first membrane layer; the second membrane layer includes multiple valve pieces, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second membrane layer and form an adjustment space for gas flow between the second membrane layer and the first membrane layer. When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, multiple valves unfold in a direction away from the first membrane layer to increase the ventilation of the adjustment space. When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is greater than the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, multiple valve pieces adhere together in the direction closer to the first membrane layer, so as to reduce the ventilation of the regulating space.

[0007] In some preferred embodiments, the first membrane layer is provided with multiple vent holes, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the first membrane layer and communicate with the adjustment space.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments, the number of valve pieces is at least three, and each valve piece is arranged radially and uniformly around the central axis of the second membrane layer.

[0009] In some preferred designs, an air-permeable gap is formed between two adjacent valve pieces.

[0010] In some preferred embodiments, the second membrane layer further includes a support portion connected to the first membrane layer and connected to a plurality of valve pieces respectively.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​each valve piece gradually decreases in the direction away from the support.

[0012] In some preferred designs, multiple valve pieces are integrally formed with the support structure.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments, the first film layer and the second film layer are fixedly connected by hot melt welding, adhesive bonding or ultrasonic welding.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments, the valve patch is made of at least one of silicone rubber, fluororubber, or thermoplastic elastomer.

[0015] This application also provides an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve, comprising: The valve body has a flow passage; A piston is movably disposed vertically on the valve body. The piston can move vertically to open or close the flow hole. The piston is provided with a first through hole, the lower end of which communicates with the flow hole. The valve cover is rotatably mounted on the valve body and connected to the piston component; the valve cover is provided with a second through hole, which communicates with the first through hole; The aforementioned explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane is installed on the valve cover and seals the upper end of the second through hole; An elastic element is located between the valve body and the piston. The elastic element can apply a force that causes the piston to seal the flow orifice.

[0016] In the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane provided in this application, the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane includes a first membrane layer and a second membrane layer; the second membrane layer is stacked and connected with the first membrane layer; the second membrane layer includes multiple valve pieces, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second membrane layer and form an adjustment space for gas flow between the valve pieces and the first membrane layer; wherein, when the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, the multiple valve pieces unfold in the direction away from the first membrane layer to increase the ventilation of the adjustment space; when the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is greater than the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, the multiple valve pieces adhere in the direction closer to the first membrane layer to decrease the ventilation of the adjustment space.

[0017] Thus, by setting a second membrane layer composed of multiple valves, when the air pressure on the second membrane layer side is less than or equal to that on the first membrane layer side (i.e., the inside of the device is under negative pressure), the valves can automatically unfold in a direction away from the first membrane layer, thereby dynamically increasing the ventilation cross-section of the adjustment space. This allows external gas to quickly enter the housing with extremely low flow resistance. Furthermore, since the valves are arranged circumferentially, they form a multi-path and large-area annular air intake channel when unfolded. This allows the air intake channel to be opened sensitively at the moment a pressure difference occurs, instantly increasing the replenishment air flow rate and achieving rapid intake of external gas and instantaneous balance of internal and external pressure difference. This effectively prevents the collapse of the precision electronic housing or the failure of the power battery pack sealing structure due to excessive suction.

[0018] Simultaneously, when the air pressure on the second membrane layer side is greater than that on the first membrane layer side (i.e., positive pressure inside the equipment or high-pressure impact from the external environment), multiple diaphragms will adhere towards the first membrane layer, minimizing the adjustment space between the diaphragms and the first membrane layer. The edges of the diaphragms tightly press against the surface of the first membrane layer, effectively covering and sealing the original vents or gaps in the first membrane layer, causing the gas flow path to narrow sharply or even close. At this time, the membrane layer as a whole presents a self-locking sealed state, using the internal positive pressure itself as the driving force to actively close the channel, completely blocking the reverse intrusion of external moisture, dust, and corrosive harmful gases, thereby improving the safety and service life of the battery pack and electronic equipment in complex and harsh environments.

[0019] Furthermore, this application constructs a dynamically responsive adjustment space by connecting a first membrane layer and a second membrane layer containing valves through a stacked connection. This allows the effective gas flow area to no longer be a fixed intrinsic porosity of the membrane material, but rather depends on the opening and closing degree between the valves and the first membrane layer. The spaced arrangement design provides the valves with independent degrees of deformation freedom, avoiding stress concentration or response lag caused by the linkage of the entire membrane material. Thus, this breathable membrane can dynamically adjust the effective channel cross-section through which gas molecules pass according to the actual gas pressure state inside the shell, making it perfectly adaptable to complex application scenarios that are sensitive to air pressure direction and have stringent reverse sealing requirements, such as thermal management breathing of new energy battery packs and temperature difference changes of outdoor precision instruments.

[0020] Furthermore, this application achieves opening and closing adjustment by relying on the elastic deformation of the membrane material itself and the physical action of air pressure difference, eliminating the need for additional electronic sensors, drive devices, or complex control circuits. This simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces production costs, and avoids the risk of electronic components failing under high temperature, high humidity, or vibration environments. Simultaneously, the simple and compact stacked structure of the valve plate and the first membrane layer maintains a stable mechanical response under long-term pressure cycling fluctuations, ensuring the consistency of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane's performance throughout its entire lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the explosion-proof, waterproof and breathable membrane provided in this application, that is, a schematic diagram of the structure of multiple valve pieces close to the first membrane layer.

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure in which multiple valve flaps are located away from the first membrane layer.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Another structural diagram.

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Another structural diagram.

[0026] Figure 5 Another structural schematic diagram of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane provided in this application is shown, namely, a structural schematic diagram of multiple valve pieces close to the first membrane layer.

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a structure in which multiple valve flaps are located away from the first membrane layer.

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Another structural diagram.

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Another structural diagram.

[0030] Figure 9 This is another structural schematic diagram of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane provided in this application, namely, a structural schematic diagram of multiple valve pieces close to the first membrane layer.

[0031] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a structure in which multiple valve flaps are located away from the first membrane layer.

[0032] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Another structural diagram.

[0033] Figure 12 for Figure 10 Another structural diagram.

[0034] Figure 13This is a structural schematic diagram of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve provided in this application, specifically a schematic diagram of the overall structure when the piston is in the closed state.

[0035] Figure 14 for Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the piston component in the open position.

[0036] Figure 15 Another structural schematic diagram of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve provided in this application is shown, namely, the overall structural schematic diagram when the piston is in the closed state.

[0037] Figure 16 This is another structural schematic diagram of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve provided in this application, namely, the overall structural schematic diagram when the piston is in the closed state.

[0038] Explanation of icon numbers: 10. Explosion-proof, waterproof and breathable membrane; 1. First membrane layer; 11. Breathing hole; 2. Second membrane layer; 21. Valve; 22. Support part; 211. Adjustment space; 212. Breathing gap.

[0039] 20. Valve body; 21. Flow hole; 30. Piston; 31. First through hole; 40. Valve cover; 41. Second through hole; 50. Elastic element; 60. Seal; 70. Pressure ring; 80. Anti-fouling cover.

[0040] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0045] Please see Figures 1 to 12 This application provides an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10, comprising a first membrane layer 1 and a second membrane layer 2. The second membrane layer 2 is connected to the first membrane layer 1 in a stacked manner, and together they constitute a composite membrane structure with pressure adaptive adjustment function. The first membrane layer 1, as a basic support layer and primary protective barrier, can maintain the flatness of the overall structure and provide basic waterproof and dustproof performance. The second membrane layer 2, as a dynamic response layer, directly participates in the realization of air pressure balance and reverse sealing functions, changing the gas flow state through its own deformation to adapt to different working conditions.

[0046] The second membrane layer 2 comprises multiple valve flaps 21, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second membrane layer 2. This circumferentially spaced arrangement creates natural boundaries between adjacent valve flaps 21, providing ample space for the independent deformation of each valve flap 21. The multiple valve flaps 21 and the first membrane layer 1 enclose an adjustment space 211, which is the core channel for gas flow. The volume and shape of the adjustment space 211 are not fixed but dynamically adjusted according to the position of the valve flaps 21, thereby achieving precise control of ventilation. The number, size, and circumferential distribution density of the valve flaps 21 can be customized according to the actual application's ventilation requirements and response sensitivity to adapt to the breathing needs of different specifications of precision electronic equipment or new energy battery packs.

[0047] When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, that is, when the inside of the device is under negative pressure or the internal and external pressure difference is balanced, multiple valves 21 unfold in the direction away from the first membrane layer 1 under the drive of the pressure difference. The outward unfolding action of the valves 21 significantly increases the opening cross-sectional area of ​​the adjustment space 211, and the gas flow resistance decreases accordingly. At this time, external air can quickly enter the inside of the device through the expanded adjustment space 211, timely replenishing the negative pressure gap caused by sudden temperature drop or volume contraction, avoiding the problem of slow air intake of traditional microporous membranes under negative pressure, and effectively preventing the shell from collapsing or deforming or the sealing ring from failing due to excessive internal and external pressure difference.

[0048] When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is greater than the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, i.e., when positive pressure is generated inside the equipment or when a high-pressure impact is applied by the external environment, multiple valve pieces 21 adhere to each other in the direction close to the first membrane layer 1 under the action of reverse pressure. The valve pieces 21 adhere inward and press tightly against the surface of the first membrane layer 1, compressing or even completely closing the ventilation section of the adjustment space 211. This adhesion action uses the air pressure itself as the sealing driving force; the greater the pressure, the tighter the adhesion, thus forming a reliable physical barrier. This barrier can effectively block harmful substances such as external water vapor, dust, and corrosive gases from reversing into the equipment through the adjustment space 211, solving the defect of insufficient protection capability of traditional breathable membranes under positive pressure conditions, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of internal electronic components and battery units.

[0049] The lamination connection between the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 can be achieved through processes such as hot-pressing, ultrasonic welding, or adhesive bonding to ensure that the two membrane materials do not delaminate or shift during repeated deformation. The material of the valve piece 21 can be a polymer film with good elastic recovery properties, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, or silicone rubber, to ensure that the valve piece 21 can accurately reset and not undergo plastic deformation during long-term pressure cycling. The initial height of the adjustment space 211 can be preset by setting a support structure between the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 or controlling the composite tension, thereby setting the trigger threshold for the unfolding and fitting of the valve piece 21, so that the response characteristics of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 accurately match the pressure change range of the target application scenario, improving the applicability and reliability of the product under complex working conditions.

[0050] Please see Figure 1In this embodiment, the first membrane layer 1 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 11, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the first membrane layer 1. This circumferentially spaced arrangement creates uniformly distributed gas exchange nodes on the surface of the first membrane layer 1, avoiding stress imbalance or decreased filtration efficiency caused by localized airflow concentration. The positions of the vent holes 11 correspond or are misaligned with the valve pieces 21 of the second membrane layer 2 in the axial direction, ensuring smooth gas transmission between the inner and outer sides of the first membrane layer 1. The shape of the vent holes 11 can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal. The pore size and porosity are precisely designed according to the target air permeability and protection level, meeting the basic breathing requirements under normal operating conditions while providing stable airflow inlets and outlets for the dynamic adjustment of the valve pieces 21.

[0051] Multiple vents 11 remain connected to the regulating space 211, forming a complete gas flow path through the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2. When the valve piece 21 unfolds away from the first membrane layer 1, the volume of the regulating space 211 increases. External gas enters the regulating space 211 through the vents 11 and can quickly diffuse to the entire membrane surface area, then flow into the device through the gaps between the valve pieces 21, achieving efficient pressure relief and balance. When the valve piece 21 adheres to and compresses the regulating space 211 in a direction closer to the first membrane layer 1, although the vents 11 remain open, the ventilation cross-section of the regulating space 211 is significantly reduced. After the gas flows through the vents 11, it is physically blocked by the valve piece 21 within the regulating space 211, and the flow rate and velocity are significantly reduced. This effectively inhibits the reverse permeation of harmful substances while maintaining the basic ventilation function. The interconnected structure between the vent 11 and the adjustment space 211 ensures that the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 maintains the continuity of the air path under different pressure conditions, thus avoiding damage to the membrane material or sealing structure caused by instantaneous pressure impact due to complete channel closure.

[0052] The vent holes 11 can be manufactured using methods such as laser drilling, mechanical punching, or chemical etching. The smoothness of the hole walls and the integrity of the edges directly affect airflow resistance and dust accumulation during long-term use. The first membrane layer 1 must maintain sufficient structural strength in the area where the vent holes 11 are located to prevent cracking or deformation around the holes due to local stress concentration during repeated application and deployment of the valve pieces 21. The circumferential spacing of the vent holes 11 matches the circumferential arrangement density of the valve pieces 21, ensuring that the gas exchange area corresponding to each vent hole 11 is effectively covered by adjacent valve pieces 21, thus ensuring uniform airflow distribution and consistent response within the adjustment space 211.

[0053] Please see Figures 1 to 12In this embodiment, the number of valve pieces 21 is set to at least three. This minimum number ensures that the second membrane layer 2 has sufficient structural continuity and functional coverage in the circumferential direction. When the number of valve pieces 21 is less than three, the adjustment space 211 is prone to having an excessively large blind zone in the circumferential distribution, resulting in uneven gas flow paths and difficulty in forming a stable mechanical equilibrium state during pressure response. By using a configuration of at least three valve pieces 21, the adjustment space 211 can be reasonably divided into multiple independent yet interconnected functional units. Each unit can respond sensitively to local pressure difference changes, thereby ensuring the linearity and predictability of the overall ventilation volume adjustment and avoiding problems such as unbalanced loading or premature failure on one side caused by structural asymmetry.

[0054] Each valve flap 21 is arranged radially and uniformly around the central axis of the second membrane layer 2. This geometric layout ensures that all valve flaps 21 occupy equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction, resulting in a highly symmetrical stress state. The radial and uniform arrangement ensures that under air pressure, the stroke, angle, and response sequence of each valve flap 21 are basically consistent, preventing individual valve flaps 21 from lagging or leading in action. This effectively prevents eddies or noise caused by excessively high local flow velocities, and also avoids a decrease in protective performance due to incomplete sealing in some areas.

[0055] When there are three or more valve pieces 21 evenly distributed, a corresponding number of vent holes 11 can be arranged in the fan-shaped area corresponding to each valve piece 21, so that the gas exchange nodes correspond one-to-one with the dynamic adjustment unit or are matched proportionally. This correspondence ensures that the airflow in the adjustment space 211 can diffuse or converge radially evenly regardless of whether the valve piece 21 is in an unfolded or closed state, without local accumulation or short circuit. At the same time, the uniform radial layout also reserves sufficient and regular operating space for possible subsequent multi-layer stacking, edge sealing or installation and fixing, so that the explosion-proof waterproof breathable membrane 10 can achieve reliable circumferential compression and airtight connection when integrated into the equipment housing, further enhancing the structural stability and long-term service reliability of the product under complex mechanical environments such as vibration and impact.

[0056] Please see Figures 1 to 4When the second membrane layer 2 of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 is provided with three valve pieces 21, the three valve pieces 21 are evenly arranged radially around the central axis at an angle of 120 degrees. This three-valve structure constitutes the most basic axisymmetric dynamic adjustment unit, which can achieve bidirectional elastic deformation function while ensuring structural integrity. The adjustment space 211 formed between the three valve pieces 21 and the first membrane layer 1 is evenly divided into three sector-shaped sub-chambers, each corresponding to an independent ventilation area. Under low pressure differential conditions, the three valve pieces 21 bend inward synchronously along the first direction, causing the volume of the three sector-shaped sub-chambers to shrink simultaneously, achieving basic flow restriction control of ventilation volume; when the internal pressure increases, the three valve pieces 21 arch outward along the second direction, and the sector-shaped sub-chambers expand rapidly, providing a flow cross-sectional area to meet basic pressure relief requirements.

[0057] Please see Figures 5 to 8 When the second membrane layer 2 of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 is provided with four valve pieces 21, the four valve pieces 21 are evenly arranged radially around the central axis at a 90-degree angle, forming an orthogonally symmetrical cross-shaped adjustment structure. The four-valve layout divides the adjustment space 211 into four equal quadrant regions, and the gas flow path is more evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, effectively reducing airflow bias and turbulence intensity. Compared with the three-valve structure, the span of each of the four valve pieces 21 is reduced, and the overall structural compressive stiffness and deformation consistency are significantly improved. During the forward pressure relief process, the four valve pieces 21 expand outward synchronously along the second direction, and the four quadrant regions open in coordination, resulting in a smoother and more linear ventilation growth curve; under the reverse flow restriction state, the four valve pieces 21 contract inward along the first direction, increasing the length of the sealing contact line, and making the flow restriction effect more stable and reliable.

[0058] Please see Figures 9 to 12 When the second membrane layer 2 of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 is equipped with five valve pieces 21, the five valve pieces 21 are evenly arranged radially around the central axis at an angle of 72 degrees, forming a five-fold rotationally symmetrical precision adjustment system. The five-valve structure further subdivides the adjustment space 211, forming five narrower wedge-shaped sub-chambers, significantly reducing the circumferential dispersion of the gas flow cross-section and achieving a higher level of ventilation uniformity. Due to the smaller span of each valve, the deformation mode of the five valve pieces 21 under stress is closer to the ideal membrane behavior, the step response characteristics are greatly weakened, and the linearity of the ventilation volume changing with pressure difference is better than that of the three-valve and four-valve schemes. In extreme high-pressure relief scenarios, the five valve pieces 21 can achieve the same total ventilation area increment with smaller single-valve displacement, reducing the material fatigue accumulation rate; in the low-pressure flow-limiting stage, the dense arrangement of the five valve pieces 21 makes the adjustment space 211 more tightly closed, resulting in better anti-seepage performance.

[0059] When the number of valve pieces 21 is set to three, the three valve pieces 21 are arranged radially at equiangular angles of 120 degrees around the central axis of the second membrane layer 2. This three-valve structure constitutes the smallest stable unit for the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 to achieve dynamic adjustment function, and has the advantages of simple structure, low molding cost, and small assembly space occupation. Under air pressure drive, the three valve pieces 21 can form a relatively open triangular or Y-shaped adjustment channel, with a short gas flow path and low resistance, which is particularly suitable for small electronic devices or sensor housings with high requirements for breathability response speed but limited installation space. However, since the number of valve pieces 21 is small, the fan-shaped area covered by a single valve piece 21 is large, and the local pressing force on the first membrane layer 1 under high pressure bonding is relatively concentrated. Therefore, the first membrane layer 1 needs to have high local compressive strength to prevent sealing failure or membrane fatigue damage after long-term cyclic use.

[0060] When the number of valve pieces 21 is set to four, the four valve pieces 21 are arranged radially at 90-degree angles around the central axis of the second membrane layer 2, forming a standard cross-shaped symmetrical layout. The four-valve structure achieves a good trade-off between mechanical balance and airflow uniformity, avoiding the local stress concentration problems that may exist in the three-valve structure, and without increasing the manufacturing complexity as with more valve pieces. The adjustment space 211 formed by the four valve pieces 21 when unfolded is approximately square, and the path length of airflow diffusing from the center to the periphery is basically the same, effectively reducing eddy current generation and pressure loss. This configuration is particularly suitable for medium-sized battery packs or communication base station equipment. Its circumferential sealing continuity is better than the three-valve scheme, and it can provide a more uniform interface pressure distribution under positive pressure bonding, significantly improving the reverse barrier capability against water vapor and dust, while maintaining a reasonable production yield and cost control level.

[0061] When the number of valve pieces 21 is set to five, the five valve pieces 21 are arranged radially at a 72-degree equiangular angle around the central axis of the second membrane layer 2, forming a more refined five-fold symmetrical structure. The five-valve configuration further refines the granularity of the adjustment space 211, making the deformation amplitude and stress range borne by each valve piece 21 smaller, thereby reducing the accumulation of material strain energy in a single action and helping to extend the fatigue life of the valve pieces 21 under high-frequency pressure fluctuations. The ventilation cross section formed when the five valve pieces 21 are unfolded is closer to a circle, and the airflow field distribution is highly uniform, almost eliminating the performance deviation caused by directional differences. This scheme is suitable for new energy power battery systems or outdoor precision instruments with extremely stringent requirements for protection level and long-term reliability. Its dense circumferential arrangement can maintain multi-point synchronous bonding even under extreme positive pressure impact, greatly enhancing the sealing redundancy and resistance to instantaneous overload. Although the mold precision requirements and assembly alignment difficulty are increased, the result is a significant expansion of the overall performance boundary and a significant enhancement of the service safety margin.

[0062] Please see Figure 1 In this embodiment, a breathable gap 212 is formed between two adjacent valve pieces 21. The breathable gap 212 serves as a direct communication channel between the regulating space 211 and the external environment, undertaking the core function of guiding gas exchange. The presence of the breathable gap 212 means that the multiple valve pieces 21 are not completely sealed in the circumferential direction, but rather retain physical intervals that allow gas to pass through. When the explosion-proof waterproof breathable membrane 10 is under negative pressure or balanced pressure, the valve pieces 21 expand away from the first membrane layer 1, and the width of the breathable gap 212 increases accordingly. External air can quickly enter the regulating space 211 and flow into the equipment through the enlarged breathable gap 212, achieving efficient pressure compensation. The initial width, length, and orientation of the breathable gap 212 can be precisely designed according to the target ventilation volume and response sensitivity to ensure stable and predictable gas flow capacity under different pressure differential conditions, avoiding air intake stagnation due to excessively narrow gaps or decreased protective performance due to excessively wide gaps.

[0063] When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is higher than the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, the valve piece 21, driven by the reverse pressure, adheres to the direction of the first membrane layer 1. The relative displacement between adjacent valve pieces 21 compresses or even closes the air vent 212. That is, the reverse pressure difference drives the valve piece 21 to move towards the first membrane layer 1 and adhere tightly. In this state, the valve piece 21, as a dynamic shielding unit, covers the surface of the first membrane layer 1, completely blocking most of the pre-set air vents 11 on the first membrane layer 1, thereby effectively blocking the reverse flow of gas through the conventional path. This air pressure-driven gap contraction mechanism can achieve dynamic blocking of reverse airflow without the intervention of additional mechanical parts. The degree of closure of the breathable gap 212 is positively correlated with the applied positive pressure. The higher the pressure, the tighter the gap is sealed, thus forming a progressively stronger sealing effect. This ensures that the explosion-proof waterproof breathable membrane 10 can still effectively prevent water vapor, dust and corrosive media from entering back through the breathable gap 212 when it encounters instantaneous high pressure impact or continuous positive pressure environment, thus ensuring the safe operation of internal components and avoiding the inherent defect of insufficient protection capability of traditional fixed pore breathable membranes under positive pressure.

[0064] Furthermore, although the valve piece 21 covers most of the vent holes 11 when it is in the fitted state, a small portion of the vent holes 11 located in the vent gap 212 area between adjacent valve pieces 21 remain open. These partially uncovered vent holes 11 constitute residual ventilation channels under positive pressure conditions, allowing trace amounts of gas to pass through in a controlled manner. This avoids instantaneous pressure accumulation or negative pressure adsorption effects within the regulating space 211 due to complete closure of the air passage. This allows the explosion-proof and waterproof breathable membrane 10 to maintain a high level of protection while still possessing basic pressure balance functions, preventing structural stress abrupt changes or fatigue damage to the sealing interface caused by complete sealing. At the same time, because the valve piece 21 applies a certain clamping force to the edge of the vent gap 212 when it is fitted, the actual effective flow area of ​​the residual vent holes 11 will further decrease as the pressure increases, forming an adaptive flow attenuation characteristic.

[0065] Because the valve pieces 21 are uniformly distributed around the central axis, the air vents 212 between adjacent valve pieces 21 also exhibit a regular radial extension characteristic. All air vents 212 are equidistantly arranged in the circumferential direction, ensuring the symmetry and uniformity of the airflow field across the entire membrane surface. This uniform distribution avoids performance imbalances caused by excessively high or low local flow velocities, making the gas exchange process within the regulating space 211 smooth and orderly.

[0066] Please see Figure 4 In this embodiment, the second membrane layer 2 includes a support portion 22. The support portion 22 serves as the core structural hub connecting the first membrane layer 1 and multiple valve pieces 21, playing a crucial role in transmitting loads, maintaining the overall configuration, and ensuring dynamic functional stability. The support portion 22 and the first membrane layer 1 are firmly connected through methods such as hot pressing, bonding, or integral molding, ensuring that the second membrane layer 2 will not shift or delaminate relative to the first membrane layer 1 under complex conditions such as air pressure fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, or temperature changes. This rigid or semi-rigid connection interface provides a reliable anchoring foundation for the entire explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10, ensuring that the position and shape of the adjustment space 211 always maintain the design expectation and preventing misalignment or sealing failure of the breathable gap 212 due to structural loosening. The material selection for the support portion 22 must consider strength, toughness, and resistance to environmental aging to match the physical properties of the first membrane layer 1 and adapt to the stress cycle requirements of long-term use.

[0067] The support portion 22 is connected to multiple valve pads 21, forming a mechanical transmission network radiating from the center outwards. The root of each valve pad 21 is fixed to the support portion 22, which thus becomes the common fulcrum for the unfolding and closing movements of the valve pads 21. When air pressure drives the valve pads 21 to move, the support portion 22 evenly distributes the local aerodynamic force to the entire connection interface, preventing individual valve pads 21 from undergoing plastic deformation or fatigue fracture due to excessive force. At the same time, the constraint effect of the support portion 22 on the valve pads 21 ensures that all valve pads 21 maintain synchronicity and symmetry during movement, avoiding imbalance in airflow distribution within the adjustment space 211 due to delayed response or displacement of individual valve pads 21. The connection between the support 22 and the valve piece 21 can be integral injection molding, insert molding or precision welding. The geometric transition of the connection area needs to be smooth and continuous to eliminate stress concentration points and ensure that the valve piece 21 always rotates flexibly around the preset axis during repeated deformation, thereby maintaining the repeatability accuracy and long-term reliability of the opening and closing behavior of the ventilatory gap 212.

[0068] While connecting to the first membrane layer 1, the support portion 22's contour and height determine the minimum boundary of the adjustment space 211, setting a physical limit on the movement range of the valve piece 21. The appropriately sized support portion 22 ensures that the valve piece 21 retains necessary residual ventilation cross-sections even in a fully fitted state, preventing instantaneous pressure shocks caused by complete closure of the airway under extreme positive pressure. It also provides sufficient volume buffering in the deployed state, preventing excessive airflow velocity from causing noise or particle carryover. Furthermore, the support portion 22 can serve as a functional integration platform, with pre-reserved mounting positioning features, sealing grooves, or conductive pathway interfaces on its surface or inside. This allows the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 to not only possess basic breathable protection functions but also achieve tighter system-level integration with the equipment housing or other components.

[0069] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​each valve piece 21 gradually decreases along the direction away from the support 22, forming a gradually decreasing geometric configuration that converges from the root to the free end. This gives the valve piece 21 greater structural stiffness and load-bearing capacity in the region near the support 22, effectively resisting the bending moment and shear force generated during air pressure drive, and preventing plastic deformation or fatigue fracture at the root due to stress concentration. As the cross-sectional area gradually decreases towards the distal end, the mass distribution of the valve piece 21 decreases accordingly, and the inertial effect is significantly weakened, thereby improving the dynamic response speed of the valve piece 21 to pressure changes. This gradually decreasing shape optimizes motion performance while ensuring structural strength, enabling the valve piece 21 to maintain sufficient mechanical stability and possess sensitive movement characteristics during frequent opening and closing, laying the physical foundation for the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 to achieve rapid and reliable pressure regulation.

[0070] The tapering cross-sectional area of ​​the valve piece 21 directly affects the opening and closing behavior of the ventilator gap 212 and the sealing interface adhesion quality. Due to its lightweight and high flexibility at the distal end, the valve piece 21 can more smoothly conform to the surface contour when it is attached to the first membrane layer 1, reducing local warping or poor contact caused by excessive rigidity. At the same time, the thicker cross-section at the root provides a stable rotation fulcrum for the valve piece 21, ensuring that the entire attachment process proceeds in an orderly manner around the preset axis, avoiding misalignment of the ventilator gap 212 caused by offset or torsion. In the deployed state, the tapering structure allows the width of the ventilator gap 212 between adjacent valve pieces 21 to transition naturally from the inside to the outside, and the airflow channel exhibits a smooth expansion trend, effectively reducing the turbulence intensity and pressure drop loss when gas flows through the ventilator gap 212. This geometric guidance not only improves ventilation efficiency but also reduces the risk of particle deposition at the edge of the ventilator gap 212, enhancing the long-term operational reliability of the product in dusty or high-humidity environments.

[0071] In this embodiment, multiple valve pieces 21 and support portions 22 are manufactured using an integral molding process, achieving molecular-level fusion of the valve pieces 21 and support portions 22 at the material level. During the integral molding process, molten polymer material simultaneously fills the valve piece 21 area and the support portion 22 area within a precision mold cavity. After cooling and solidification, a continuous and homogeneous integral structure is formed, ensuring that there are no weak points such as adhesive layers, welds, or mechanical fasteners between the root of the valve piece 21 and the support portion 22, thus avoiding the risk of leakage and failure due to interface debonding, aging, or fatigue. The integral molding also ensures that the geometric positional relationship between the valve piece 21 and the support portion 22 is highly accurate and permanently stable, avoiding the negative impact of assembly errors on ventilation performance and sealing reliability, and laying a solid structural foundation for the long-term service of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 in harsh environments.

[0072] Since the valve plate 21 and the support portion 22 are formed from the same material system and thermosetting, their elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, and shrinkage rate are perfectly matched, effectively avoiding residual internal stress or deformation mismatch under temperature cycling caused by material incompatibility. Under repeated pneumatic loads, stress can be smoothly transmitted along the connection interface between the valve plate 21 and the support portion 22, without stress concentration or energy dissipation at the interface, thus significantly improving the fatigue life of the structure. At the same time, the integral molding ensures that the connection stiffness of all valve plates 21 and the support portion 22 is highly uniform, so that the deformation behavior of each valve plate 21 under the same pressure difference remains highly synchronized, avoiding ventilation fluctuations or off-center loading caused by individual differences, and ensuring the repeatability and accuracy of the flow regulation characteristics of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 are fixedly connected by hot-melt welding. Utilizing the properties of thermoplastic materials to melt, flow, and recrystallize at high temperatures, molecular-level fusion is achieved at the interface between the two membrane layers. During the hot-melt welding process, the heating tool is precisely applied to the preset welding area, causing the surface materials of the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 to soften simultaneously and interpenetrate. After cooling, a continuous, dense, and interface-free integral structure is formed without the need for any external medium, avoiding the risk of performance degradation due to adhesive aging or solvent residue, and improving the overall sealing durability of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10. The bonding area formed by hot-melt welding has mechanical properties and thermal stability similar to the base material, capable of withstanding repeated temperature cycles and mechanical vibrations without delamination or cracking, providing an inherently reliable interlayer bonding guarantee for the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10.

[0074] Simultaneously, the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 can also be fixedly connected by adhesive bonding. By selecting a high-performance adhesive with excellent compatibility with the membrane material, rapid and uniform interlayer bonding can be achieved under normal or low temperature conditions. The selected adhesive typically possesses hydrolysis resistance, UV resistance, and wide temperature range elasticity retention capabilities, ensuring stable adhesion performance even in humid, high-temperature, or low-temperature environments. Adhesive bonding can also absorb, to a certain extent, the internal stress generated by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2, reducing the interference of interlayer shear deformation on the motion characteristics of the valve 21.

[0075] Furthermore, the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 can be efficiently and cleanly fixedly connected via ultrasonic welding. High-frequency mechanical vibration generates frictional heat at the contact interface, causing the localized material to melt instantly and complete the welding. The ultrasonic welding process requires no external heat source or chemical reagents; the energy is highly concentrated in the welding line area, resulting in a minimal heat-affected zone and effectively preventing thermal damage or deformation to surrounding sensitive structures such as the valve piece 21. The joint formed by ultrasonic welding has high strength and good sealing performance, meeting the interlayer bonding requirements of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 under high pressure differential conditions.

[0076] Regardless of whether hot-melt welding, adhesive bonding, or ultrasonic welding is used, the fixed connection between the first membrane layer 1 and the second membrane layer 2 must undergo rigorous process verification and performance testing to ensure that the connection quality meets the product design life requirements. This provides solid technical support and quality assurance for the stable application of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 in diverse terminal equipment.

[0077] In this embodiment, when silicone rubber is selected as the base material for the valve patch 21, the inherent advantages of silicone rubber's flexible molecular chains and extremely low glass transition temperature can be fully utilized, giving the valve patch 21 excellent low-temperature elasticity and wide temperature range response capability. Silicone rubber maintains stable resilience within a temperature range of -50°C to 200°C, ensuring that the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 can open and close normally in extremely cold or high-temperature environments without losing its pressure regulation function due to material hardening or softening. Silicone rubber has low surface energy and strong hydrophobicity, naturally possessing excellent waterproof and stain-resistant properties; liquid water droplets find it difficult to spread and penetrate its surface, effectively improving the overall waterproof rating of the structure.

[0078] Meanwhile, when the valve sheet 21 is made of fluororubber, it can significantly improve the resistance of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 to harsh chemical environments and extreme working conditions. Fluororubber's molecular structure is rich in carbon-fluorine bonds, possessing extremely high bond energy and chemical inertness. It exhibits excellent anti-swelling and anti-corrosion properties against fuels, lubricating oils, acid and alkali solvents, and various industrial chemicals, avoiding the volume expansion, strength reduction, or sealing failure problems that occur in traditional elastomers after contact with corrosive media. Fluororubber has better heat resistance than most general-purpose rubbers, with a long-term operating temperature exceeding 230 degrees Celsius and the ability to withstand even higher temperature shocks in the short term, making it suitable for high-temperature and high-heat areas such as engine compartments, battery packs, or chemical equipment.

[0079] Furthermore, the valve piece 21 can also be made of thermoplastic elastomers. Utilizing the dual characteristics of thermoplastic elastomers—the high elasticity of rubber and the processability of plastics—a balance between high performance and high-efficiency manufacturing can be achieved. Thermoplastic elastomers can be rapidly molded using conventional thermoplastic processes such as injection molding, extrusion, or blow molding without vulcanization, resulting in short production cycles and recyclable scraps, significantly reducing manufacturing costs and resource consumption. A wide variety of thermoplastic elastomers are available, including styrene, polyurethane, polyester, and polyolefin types. Hardness, resilience, oil resistance, transparency, and adhesion properties can be precisely controlled by selecting different grades or blending modifications, flexibly adapting to diverse product design requirements. Thermoplastic elastomers and support parts 22 or other thermoplastic components can be integrally thermofused or co-injected, achieving a strong interlayer bond without additional adhesives, simplifying the assembly process and improving structural integrity.

[0080] Please see Figures 13 to 16This application also provides an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve, which includes a valve body 20, a piston 30, a valve cover 40, an explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10, and an elastic element 50. These components work together to achieve pressure regulation and safety protection functions. The valve body 20 serves as the basic load-bearing structure and has a through-hole 21 inside, forming the main channel for gas flow and connecting the inner and outer spaces of the valve body 20. The piston 30 is vertically movably installed in the inner cavity of the valve body 20, and the axial displacement of the piston 30 directly controls the opening and closing state of the through-hole 21. The piston 30 has a first through-hole 31 at its center, and the lower opening of the first through-hole 31 communicates with the through-hole 21 on the valve body 20, allowing gas to enter the first through-hole 31 through the through-hole 21. The elastic element 50 is disposed between the valve body 20 and the piston 30. The elastic element 50 applies a continuous axial force to the piston 30. The direction of the force is towards the closed position of the flow hole 21, ensuring that the piston 30 always fits tightly against the sealing surface of the valve body 20 when there is no external pressure difference or the pressure difference does not reach the set threshold, thus maintaining the normally closed state of the flow hole 21.

[0081] The valve cover 40 is rotatably mounted on top of the valve body 20. A mechanical connection is established between the valve cover 40 and the piston 30, allowing the rotational movement of the valve cover 40 to be converted into the vertical linear movement of the piston 30. A second through-hole 41 is centrally located on the valve cover 40. The axis of the second through-hole 41 is aligned with the axis of the first through-hole 31 on the piston 30, and the lower end of the second through-hole 41 seamlessly connects with the upper end of the first through-hole 31, forming a continuous airflow path. When the operator or actuator drives the valve cover 40 to rotate relative to the valve body 20, the valve cover 40 drives the piston 30 to move vertically upwards or downwards synchronously, thereby precisely adjusting the coverage of the piston 30 over the flow orifice 21, enabling manual preset or dynamic adjustment of the airflow. This rotation-linear conversion structure not only provides intuitive operational feedback but also linearly maps the rotation angle to the opening size through a transmission mechanism such as a thread or cam, improving the accuracy and repeatability of flow control.

[0082] An explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the valve cover 40, completely sealing the upper opening of the second through hole 41, thus forming the sole functional interface for gas to enter and exit the valve body 20. Please refer to... Figures 1 to 12 The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 adopts the double-layer composite structure described above, including a first membrane layer 1 and a second membrane layer 2. The second membrane layer 2 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced valve pieces 21, forming an adjustment space 211 between the valve pieces 21 and the first membrane layer 1 for gas flow. When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 is in normal working condition. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 13 , Figure 15 and Figure 16After external gas permeates through the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10, it flows sequentially through the second through-hole 41, the first through-hole 31, and the flow-through hole 21, completing the pressure balance process. When the gas pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is greater than the gas pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, i.e., when high pressure is generated inside the valve body 20, please refer to... Figure 14 Multiple valve pieces 21 are attached inward along the direction close to the first membrane layer 1 and block the ventilation channel; if the internal pressure further increases and exceeds the pre-tightening force of the elastic element 50, the pressure difference can directly push open the valve cover 40, drive the piston 30 to overcome the resistance of the elastic element 50 and move upward, open the flow hole 21 to achieve rapid pressure relief.

[0083] As the core component for resetting and force control of the piston 30, the elastic element 50's mechanical properties directly determine the valve's opening pressure threshold and response sensitivity. The elastic element 50 is typically made of corrosion-resistant, fatigue-resistant metal helical springs or high-performance elastomers, installed between the bottom groove of the valve body 20 and the lower end face of the piston 30, in a pre-compressed state to provide a stable initial sealing force. When the axial thrust generated by the pressure difference across the valve body 20 exceeds the preload of the elastic element 50, the piston 30 overcomes the elastic resistance and moves upward, gradually opening the flow orifice 21 to release excess pressure. Once the pressure difference falls below the threshold, the elastic element 50 immediately drives the piston 30 back to its original position, resealing the flow orifice 21. The stiffness coefficient and pre-compression amount of the elastic element 50 can be customized to match specific application requirements, allowing the same valve body 20 platform to adapt to protection scenarios with different pressure levels. Furthermore, the placement of the elastic element 50 avoids the main airflow channel, preventing performance degradation due to prolonged contact with the medium, further extending the valve's service life and maintenance cycle.

[0084] The connection structure between the valve cover 40 and the piston 30 balances transmission reliability and assembly convenience. Common forms include internal thread fit, snap-lock linkage, or spline guidance. Regardless of the connection method, it is essential to ensure that the piston 30 undergoes only pure axial displacement without circumferential rotation during the rotation of the valve cover 40 to avoid uneven wear or jamming of the sealing surface. The mating area between the outer wall of the valve body 20 and the valve cover 40 is also equipped with an anti-loosening and locking structure, such as positioning steel balls, ratchet teeth, or friction damping rings, to prevent accidental rotation of the valve cover 40 due to vibration or thermal cycling, which could alter the preset opening degree. After assembly, the entire assembly forms a highly integrated modular unit with precise tolerances between components. The surfaces of moving parts are lubricated or self-lubricated to ensure smooth operation and lag-free response. This structural design not only meets the functional stability requirements of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve under complex working conditions but also provides convenient conditions for efficient assembly on automated production lines and subsequent on-site maintenance. Simultaneously, it ensures seamless integration of the dynamic adjustment function and mechanical pressure relief function of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10.

[0085] Understandably, please refer to Figure 13 , Figure 15and Figure 16 When the explosion-proof and waterproof breathable valve operates under normal ventilation or low-pressure balance conditions, that is, when the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, the gas flow direction is clearly from the side of the first membrane layer 1 to the side of the second membrane layer 2. At this time, a positive pressure difference is formed inside the adjustment space 211. This positive pressure difference acts directly on the inner surface of the multiple valve pieces 21, pushing the valve pieces 21 to elastically unfold in the direction away from the first membrane layer 1. As the opening angle of the valve pieces 21 gradually increases, the gap width between adjacent valve pieces 21 increases synchronously, and the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the adjustment space 211 is significantly expanded, allowing the gas to pass smoothly through the explosion-proof and waterproof breathable membrane 10 with low resistance. The unfolded valve piece 21 structure not only greatly improves the ventilation efficiency, but also guides and distributes the airflow, effectively avoiding impact damage to downstream components caused by local high-speed jets. Meanwhile, the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 can still maintain a sufficient level of waterproof and dustproof protection when the valve 21 is deployed, ensuring that the valve does not sacrifice environmental isolation performance during the process of increasing ventilation, and fully meeting the functional requirements of daily breathing and pressure fine-tuning of the equipment.

[0086] Please see Figure 14 When abnormally high-pressure gas accumulates inside the valve body 20, that is, when the gas pressure on the side of the second membrane layer 2 away from the first membrane layer 1 is greater than the gas pressure on the side of the first membrane layer 1 away from the second membrane layer 2, a reverse pressure difference is immediately formed from the inside to the outside within the regulating space 211. This reverse pressure difference acts directly on the outer surface of multiple valve pieces 21, driving the valve pieces 21 to undergo elastic deformation along the direction close to the first membrane layer 1 and adhere inward. Under the action of continuously increasing reverse pressure, each valve piece 21 is tightly pressed against the surface of the first membrane layer 1, the gap between adjacent valve pieces 21 is completely closed, the ventilation channel of the regulating space 211 is effectively blocked, and the normal air permeability through the explosion-proof waterproof breathable membrane 10 is drastically reduced or even approaches zero. This self-sealing mechanism based on pressure difference can quickly cut off the microporous ventilation path in the initial stage of high pressure, preventing the high-pressure gas from causing irreversible structural damage to the membrane material. At the same time, it also provides the necessary pressure accumulation time for the establishment of subsequent mechanical pressure relief action, avoiding the system pressure from failing to reach the pressure relief trigger threshold due to premature leakage.

[0087] As the internal pressure of the valve body 20 further increases and exceeds the preset safety threshold, the axial thrust acting on the second membrane layer 2 and the valve cover 40 assembly increases significantly. When this axial thrust overcomes the preload applied to the piston 30 by the elastic element 50 and the frictional resistance between the valve cover 40 and the valve body 20, the pressure difference generated by the high-pressure gas can directly push the valve cover 40 open. The upward movement of the valve cover 40 is transmitted to the piston 30 through the mechanical connection structure between it and the piston 30, causing the piston 30 to move vertically upward synchronously. The upward movement of the piston 30 causes it to break away from the sealing state of the flow hole 21 of the valve body 20, thereby opening the flow hole 21 and establishing a large-section rapid pressure relief channel. At this critical stage, because the multiple valve pieces 21 always remain in contact with the first membrane layer 1 under high pressure, the microporous ventilation channels of the explosion-proof waterproof breathable membrane 10 are completely sealed, and the high-pressure gas inside the valve body 20 cannot be slowly released through the membrane material. This tight fit allows the pressure within the adjustment space 211 to accumulate continuously without leakage, providing a stable pressure base for the mechanical linkage between the valve cover 40 and the piston 30, and ensuring that the pressure relief action is precisely triggered only when the pressure truly reaches the safe threshold.

[0088] Under high pressure, the sealing interface between the valve piece 21 and the first membrane layer 1 is further compacted, and the contact stress increases with the increase of internal pressure, forming a self-reinforcing sealing effect, effectively preventing high-pressure gas from escaping from the edge of the valve piece 21 or the overlapping gap. This self-sealing mechanism not only protects the membrane material itself from high-pressure impact damage, but also ensures that all pressure energy used to drive mechanical components is effectively retained inside the system and is not dissipated by the microporous venting process, thereby significantly improving the sensitivity and certainty of the pressure relief response. This concentrated utilization of pressure energy allows the explosion-proof and waterproof vent valve to complete the transition from a sealed to a fully open state in a very short time, meeting the requirements for rapid release under sudden overpressure conditions. At the same time, the stable fit of the valve piece 21 under high pressure also plays a role in pressure buffering and transition. When the internal pressure fluctuates slightly near the critical threshold, the self-sealing characteristics of the valve piece 21 can absorb some pressure disturbances, preventing the piston 30 from undergoing unexpected micro-displacement or flutter due to instantaneous pressure difference changes. The mechanical pressure relief mechanism will only be reliably triggered when the pressure continues to rise and stably exceeds the set value. This hierarchical control logic, achieved through the dynamic response of the membrane material and the synergy of the mechanical structure, significantly improves the stability and service life of the valve, providing more precise and reliable pressure safety protection for the protected equipment.

[0089] Please see Figure 13In this embodiment, the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve also includes a dirt-proof cover 80, which is fixedly installed above the valve cover 40, providing physical shielding and protection for the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 below. As the outermost barrier structure of the valve, the dirt-proof cover 80 is directly exposed to the external environment, effectively preventing dust, mud, oil, and large particles from directly contacting or depositing on the surface of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10. The dirt-proof cover 80 prevents contaminants from clogging the micropores of the membrane material or covering the gaps in the valve 21, thereby maintaining the breathability and responsiveness of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 during long-term use. Simultaneously, the dirt-proof cover 80 can also buffer external mechanical impacts, ultraviolet radiation, and direct erosion of the membrane material by chemical corrosive media, significantly extending the service life and functional stability of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10.

[0090] The anti-fouling cover 80 and the valve cover 40 are connected by a detachable method, such as threaded engagement, snap-fit, or bolt fastening, facilitating individual cleaning, replacement, or maintenance by on-site personnel. The anti-fouling cover 80 has an internal guide cavity or ventilated grille structure. This structure ensures smooth entry of external gas while guiding and dispersing the airflow, preventing high-speed airflow or droplets from vertically impacting the surface of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10. The geometry of the guide cavity is optimized to ensure uniform gas distribution across the entire effective area of ​​the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10, preventing localized overload or flow deviation. This structural design not only enhances the valve's adaptability to harsh environments but also ensures that the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 provides stable pressure regulation and protection under various operating conditions.

[0091] In addition, the outer surface of the anti-fouling cover 80 can be treated with a hydrophobic coating or have a drainage groove structure, so that rainwater, condensate or cleaning fluid adhering to the surface can quickly slide off and be discharged, avoiding long-term liquid retention that could lead to microbial growth or freezing and blockage. The edge of the anti-fouling cover 80 and the mating part with the valve cover 40 are also equipped with a sealing ring or a labyrinth-type dustproof structure to further prevent fine particles from entering the internal cavity from the assembly gap.

[0092] Please see Figure 13In this embodiment, the explosion-proof and waterproof vent valve also includes a sealing element 60. The sealing element 60 is installed at the mating surface where the valve cover 40 and the valve body 20 connect. It is used to block the gas leakage path between the internal cavity of the valve body 20 and the external environment when the valve cover 40 is closed. The sealing element 60 fills the assembly gap between the bottom surface of the valve cover 40 and the top surface of the valve body 20, eliminating microscopic channels caused by machining tolerances or surface roughness, and ensuring that the valve maintains strict airtightness under non-pressure relief conditions. The presence of the sealing element 60 allows the internal pressure of the valve body 20 to act completely on the upper end face of the piston 30 and the back side of the second diaphragm 2, avoiding the loss of driving pressure due to interface leakage, thereby ensuring that the mechanical pressure relief mechanism is accurately triggered at the preset threshold. At the same time, the sealing element 60 also prevents external moisture, dust or corrosive media from entering the interior of the valve body 20 from the joint of the valve cover 40, protecting precision components such as the diaphragm 21, elastic element 50 and flow hole 21 from contamination or corrosion, and maintaining the long-term reliability and environmental protection level of the valve.

[0093] The seal 60 is made of an elastic material with excellent resilience and compression set, such as fluororubber, silicone rubber, or EPDM rubber, to meet sealing requirements under different temperature ranges, chemical media, and pressure cycling conditions. The cross-sectional shape of the seal 60 is designed as an O-ring, rectangular washer, or irregular lip structure, with the specific form optimized to match the mating groove shape and clamping force distribution between the valve cover 40 and the valve body 20. When the valve cover 40 is fastened to the valve body 20 by threads or bolts, the seal 60 is subjected to axial compression, generating radial or normal contact stress. This stress automatically increases with increasing internal pressure, forming a self-tightening sealing effect. This pressure-adaptive characteristic allows the seal 60 to achieve basic sealing through pre-compression in low-pressure stages, and further increases the sealing specific pressure with the help of media pressure in high-pressure stages. This effectively addresses the sealing challenges caused by internal pressure fluctuations in the valve body 20, preventing high-pressure gas from escaping from the mating surface and causing delayed pressure relief response or failure.

[0094] The installation position of the seal 60 is precisely designed to ensure that its pressure-bearing area is evenly distributed across the entire annular mating surface of the valve cover 40 and the valve body 20, preventing localized overpressure that could cause the seal 60 to be extruded, twisted, or permanently deformed. A dedicated sealing groove is provided on the top of the valve body 20. The depth, width, and surface finish of the sealing groove are strictly controlled according to the specifications of the seal 60, providing a stable receiving space and guiding support for the seal 60. A corresponding boss or flat pressing structure is provided on the bottom surface of the valve cover 40, which, together with the sealing groove, forms a bidirectional limiting system for the seal 60, preventing displacement of the seal 60 during assembly or pressure impact. A pressure relief hole or venting channel can also be provided at the bottom of the sealing groove to release any residual pressure that may accumulate on the back side of the seal 60, preventing the seal 60 from being sucked out or torn due to sudden pressure changes when the valve cover 40 is opened. This structural design not only improves the assembly accuracy and service life of the seal 60 but also ensures the stability and repeatability of the sealing performance during repeated opening and closing of the valve cover 40.

[0095] As a key interface element between the valve cover 40 and the valve body 20, the performance of the seal 60 directly affects the overall sealing level and pressure relief response characteristics of the explosion-proof and waterproof ventilator. Under normal ventilation or low-pressure equilibrium conditions, the seal 60 maintains the valve body 20 in a sealed state, ensuring that the positive pressure difference within the adjustment space 211 acts only on the inner surface of the diaphragm 21 to drive its unfolding, without leakage from the valve cover 40 joint. During the high-pressure self-sealing stage, the seal 60 ensures that the reverse pressure difference is fully used to compact the diaphragm 21 and accumulate pressure energy, without weakening the self-sealing effect due to interface leakage. At the moment of mechanical pressure relief triggering, the seal 60 allows the valve cover 40 to move smoothly upward after overcoming the preload force, and quickly restores the sealing state after the valve cover 40 resets, achieving reliable closure of the pressure relief channel. The sealing element 60 works in conjunction with the valve plate 21, piston 30, elastic element 50, and anti-fouling cover 80 to construct a multi-level pressure management and environmental protection system. This enables the explosion-proof and waterproof vent valve to have high sealing performance, fast response, and long-term operational stability under complex working conditions, meeting the stringent requirements of industrial equipment for safe pressure relief and environmental isolation.

[0096] Please see Figure 13In this embodiment, the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve also includes a pressure ring 70, which is installed above the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 to apply a uniform axial clamping force to the membrane 10 for reliable fixation. The pressure ring 70 serves as a positioning and clamping element for the membrane material, firmly pressing the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 onto the support platform inside the valve body 20, preventing displacement, wrinkling, or detachment of the membrane 10 under airflow impact, pressure fluctuations, or assembly vibration. The inner diameter of the pressure ring 70 precisely matches the effective breathable area of ​​the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10, ensuring that the pressure ring 70 only covers the non-functional area at the edge of the membrane material, avoiding obstruction of microporous channels or interference with the dynamic unfolding and bonding of the valve 21. The outer edge of the pressure ring 70 engages with the inner wall of the valve body 20 or a special groove to form a radial limiting structure, ensuring that the pressure ring 70 maintains concentricity and flatness after installation. This provides a flat and continuous pressing interface for the explosion-proof, waterproof and breathable membrane 10, ensuring that the membrane material is subjected to uniform force in the entire circumferential direction and avoiding local stress concentration that could lead to membrane material damage or sealing failure.

[0097] The pressure ring 70 is made of metal or high-strength engineering plastic with sufficient rigidity and corrosion resistance to withstand long-term compression loads and potential chemical corrosion inside the valve body 20. The bottom surface of the pressure ring 70 is precision-machined, with surface roughness and flatness meeting sealing requirements, ensuring it will not scratch the membrane surface or cause permanent indentations when in contact with the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10. The top surface of the pressure ring 70 can be equipped with a guide bevel or chamfer structure to facilitate smooth alignment with the valve cover 40 or the anti-fouling cover 80 during assembly, reducing installation resistance and preventing misalignment. An auxiliary sealing ring or elastic gasket can also be added between the pressure ring 70 and the valve body 20 to further enhance the sealing effect at the membrane edge, preventing gas from bypassing and leaking through the gap between the pressure ring 70 and the valve body 20. This multi-layered fixing and sealing design ensures that the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 maintains a stable position and intact shape under alternating positive and negative pressure differentials, ensuring that the valve maintains the expected permeability and protection level under various operating conditions.

[0098] The pressure ring 70 is connected to the valve body 20 by means of threaded insertion, snap-locking, or bolt fastening. The connection structure provides an adjustable clamping stroke, allowing for fine-tuning on-site according to membrane thickness tolerances or when changing to different specifications of membrane materials. This adjustable clamping mechanism improves the valve's assembly adaptability and maintenance convenience, enabling the same valve body 20 platform to be compatible with explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membranes 10 of various thicknesses or materials, expanding the product's application range and configuration flexibility.

[0099] When the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 unfolds due to a positive pressure differential, the pressure ring 70 provides a stable anchor point for the root of the valve piece 21, allowing the valve piece 21 to smoothly rotate around the fixed edge without overall drift. When the membrane material adheres inward to the first membrane layer 1 due to a reverse pressure differential, the pressure ring 70 maintains the tension on the outer periphery of the membrane material, ensuring that the valve piece 21 can be pressed evenly and synchronously onto the surface of the first membrane layer 1, avoiding poor sealing due to localized looseness. The presence of the pressure ring 70 makes the dynamic behavior of the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane 10 more controllable and predictable, improving the valve's response consistency and repeatability under rapidly changing pressure conditions. The pressure ring 70, together with the sealing element 60, valve cover 40, and anti-fouling cover 80, constitute a complete membrane material support and protection system, enabling the explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve to achieve efficient ventilation, precise pressure relief, and high-level environmental isolation.

[0100] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0101] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane, characterized in that, include: First membrane layer; The second membrane layer is stacked and connected to the first membrane layer; the second membrane layer includes a plurality of valve pieces, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the second membrane layer and form an adjustment space for gas flow between the valve pieces and the first membrane layer. When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is less than or equal to the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, the plurality of valve pieces unfold in a direction away from the first membrane layer, so as to increase the ventilation of the adjustment space. When the air pressure on the side of the second membrane layer away from the first membrane layer is greater than the air pressure on the side of the first membrane layer away from the second membrane layer, the plurality of the valve pieces adhere together in the direction close to the first membrane layer, so as to reduce the ventilation of the adjustment space.

2. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first membrane layer has a plurality of air vents, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the first membrane layer and communicate with the adjustment space.

3. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of valve pieces is at least three, and each valve piece is arranged radially and uniformly around the central axis of the second membrane layer.

4. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 3, characterized in that, An air-permeable gap is formed between two adjacent valve pieces.

5. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second membrane layer further includes a support portion, which is connected to the first membrane layer and to the plurality of valve pieces respectively.

6. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​each of the valve pieces gradually decreases in the direction away from the support.

7. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 5, characterized in that, The plurality of the valve pieces are integrally formed with the support portion.

8. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first film layer and the second film layer are fixedly connected by hot melt welding, adhesive bonding or ultrasonic welding.

9. The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve is made of at least one of silicone rubber, fluororubber, or thermoplastic elastomer.

10. An explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable valve, characterized in that, include: The valve body has a flow passage; A piston is movably disposed vertically on the valve body. The piston can move vertically to open or close the flow hole. The piston has a first through hole, the lower end of which communicates with the flow hole. A valve cover is rotatably disposed on the valve body and connected to the piston component; the valve cover is provided with a second through hole, the second through hole communicating with the first through hole; The explosion-proof, waterproof, and breathable membrane as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is disposed on the valve cover and seals the upper end of the second through hole; An elastic element is disposed between the valve body and the piston member, the elastic element being capable of applying a force that causes the piston member to seal the flow orifice.

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