A water conservancy and hydropower survey topographic mapping device based on laser ranging

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of topographic surveying, in particular to a water conservancy and hydropower survey topographic surveying device based on laser ranging. The device comprises a tripod, a three-dimensional laser scanner is detachably installed on the top of the tripod through bolts, a movable piece is installed on each supporting leg of the tripod, a connecting piece is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable piece, a fixing assembly is jointly installed at the end, away from the movable piece, of the three connecting pieces, the fixing assembly is used for locking the positions of the connecting pieces, the three supporting legs form a linkage structure, when in use, the supporting legs of the tripod are adjusted to be located at a proper angle, when the supporting legs are pulled, the connecting pieces slide in the sliding grooves, after the supporting leg angle is adjusted, the pressing plate is used for pressing down the connecting pieces in the sliding grooves, so that the supporting legs of the tripod are connected together and the downward pressure is dispersed, the effect that the pressure of a single supporting leg is dispersed to the other two supporting legs is realized, and the movable piece is used for adapting to different gradient grounds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of topographic surveying technology, and more specifically, to a topographic surveying device for water conservancy and hydropower exploration based on laser ranging. Background Technology

[0002] Topographic surveying is an indispensable core task in the planning, design, and construction phases of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Through topographic surveying, information such as the topography, elevation data, slope, and aspect of the area can be obtained, providing reliable basic data for the formulation of engineering plans, calculation of engineering quantities, and construction organization design, and avoiding potential quality problems or investment waste caused by deviations in topographic data.

[0003] In topographic surveying and mapping for water conservancy and hydropower projects, distance measurement is one of the core components. 3D laser scanners have become the mainstream surveying equipment due to their advantages such as fast measurement speed, high accuracy, and ability to quickly acquire 3D point cloud data. By emitting a laser beam to scan the target area and using the laser round-trip time difference to calculate the distance, they can efficiently generate 3D topographic models and are suitable for surveying work in complex terrain areas.

[0004] However, the survey areas for water conservancy and hydropower projects are mostly in the wild natural environment, with the ground often consisting of soft geology such as soil and gravel. As the supporting carrier for the 3D laser scanner, the tripod in actual operation requires the operator to frequently adjust the angle, parameters, or control panel of the 3D laser scanner on the top of the tripod. During the adjustment process, pressure is inevitably applied to one leg of the tripod. Due to the soft ground in the wild, one leg is prone to sinking under the pressure, causing the tripod to tilt as a whole. This causes the horizontal angle of the 3D laser scanner to deviate. This deviation will cause the laser emission direction to deviate, resulting in distorted distance measurement data and requiring remeasurement, which not only prolongs the survey cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a topographic mapping device for water conservancy and hydropower surveying based on laser ranging. The three legs of the tripod are connected by connectors, and the connectors are locked by fixing components to form a rigid linkage structure. This achieves the effect of distributing pressure to the other two legs when a single leg is under force. At the same time, the movable parts are adapted to different slopes, thereby solving the problem of laser scanner angle deviation and mapping accuracy reduction caused by single leg pressure and settlement when operating on soft ground in the field.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a water conservancy and hydropower surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging includes a tripod. A three-dimensional laser scanner is detachably mounted on the top of the tripod via bolts. Each leg of the tripod is equipped with a movable component, and a connector is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the movable component. A fixing component is mounted on the end of the three connectors away from the movable component. The fixing component is used to lock the position of the connector, so that the three legs form a linkage structure.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the fixing component includes a support plate located between three connectors. The support plate is a circular plate, and its outer wall is evenly provided with three inlet grooves along the circumferential direction. The width of the inlet grooves is slightly larger than the width of the connectors to facilitate the insertion of the connectors. The interior of the support plate is provided with three sliding grooves that correspond one-to-one with and communicate with the inlet grooves. The top of the support plate is fixedly connected by welding to multiple support rods and a screw. There are multiple support rods, which are evenly distributed around the outer side of the screw. A pressure plate is provided on the top of the support plate. The pressure plate is a circular plate with a diameter that matches the diameter of the support plate. The interior of the pressure plate is provided with through holes that correspond one-to-one with the support rods and the screw. The pressure plate is sleeved on the outer wall of the support rods and the screw through the through holes and can slide up and down along the axial direction of the support rods. The support rods provide guidance and support for the pressure plate to prevent the pressure plate from tilting when sliding. A nut is threaded onto the outer wall of the screw, and the nut is located on the top of the pressure plate.

[0008] The connector is composed of multiple connecting blocks 1 and connecting blocks 2 that are alternately hinged. Both ends of connecting blocks 1 and connecting blocks 2 are provided with mounting holes. A support shaft is fixedly installed inside the mounting holes at both ends of connecting blocks 2. The mounting holes at both ends of connecting blocks 1 are rotatably installed on the outer wall of the support shaft through clearance fit, so that connecting blocks 1 can rotate flexibly around the support shaft, thereby realizing the hinge connection between connecting blocks 1 and connecting blocks 2.

[0009] The support shaft has an axially oriented inner cavity, which is cylindrical. A limit shaft is slidably mounted inside this cavity, allowing it to slide up and down axially. A spring is fixedly installed inside the cavity, its top connected to the bottom of the limit shaft, providing continuous upward elastic support. Two sets of locking rods are welded to the upper and lower ends of the outer wall of the limit shaft. Each set of locking rods has multiple rods evenly distributed circumferentially along the limit shaft. The inner wall of the top mounting hole of the connecting block has a locking groove (first type) that matches the upper locking rod. The number and position of the first locking groove correspond one-to-one with the upper locking rod. The inner wall of the cavity has a second locking groove that matches the lower locking rod. The number and position of the second locking groove correspond one-to-one with the lower locking rod. The locking rod at the bottom of the limit shaft is always located in the second locking groove. The cooperation between the locking rod and the second locking groove restricts the rotation of the limit shaft, ensuring that the upper locking rod is accurately aligned with the first locking groove. For details, please refer to the following: Figure 10 As shown, when the pressure plate does not press down on the connecting piece, the spring is in a naturally extended state, pushing the limit shaft upward. At this time, the locking rod above the limit shaft is located above the mounting hole at the top of the connecting block and does not contact the locking groove. The connecting block can rotate freely around the support shaft.

[0010] When the pressure plate presses down on the connector, the pressure is transmitted to the support shaft, which moves the support shaft downward. The support shaft drives the limit shaft to move downward synchronously, and the spring is compressed until the locking rod above the limit shaft is engaged in the locking groove of the first connecting block. At this time, the first connecting block is fixedly connected to the limit shaft through the locking rod, while the limit shaft is fixed to the support shaft through the lower locking rod. The support shaft is then fixed in the mounting hole of the second connecting block, thereby achieving a rigid lock between the first connecting block and the second connecting block, making the entire connector a rigid, inflexible link structure, ensuring the stability of pressure transmission.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the hinged structure of the connector and the locking function of the fixing components, when adjusting the angle of the outriggers, connecting block one and connecting block two can rotate flexibly. The connector slides along the groove to adapt to the angle. When fixed, the pressure plate presses down to make the locking rod engage with locking groove one. The connector forms a rigid linkage structure, which firmly connects the three outriggers. When one outrigger is subjected to downward pressure, the pressure is quickly transmitted to the other two outriggers through the connector, so that the three outriggers share the pressure. This avoids the need for a single outrigger to sink and require greater pressure to change the outrigger angle, effectively preventing the angle deviation of the 3D laser scanner and ensuring the accuracy of the surveying. At the same time, the ball joint structure of the movable part can adapt to different slopes, ensuring that the tripod can still provide stable support in complex terrain, improving the versatility and practicality of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when folded; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the connector is located in the support disk in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top-view structural diagram; Figure 6 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the fixing component in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the downward pressure dispersion between the connector and the fixing component in this invention; Figure 8 This is an exploded structural diagram of the connector in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support shaft in this invention; Figure 10 These are schematic diagrams showing the structure of the connector in different states in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the angle offset structure of the present invention.

[0013] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Tripod; 2. 3D laser scanner; 3. Moving parts; 31. Ball joint; 32. Moving ball joint; 4. Connecting parts; 41. Connecting block one; 411. Locking groove one; 42. Connecting block two; 43. Support shaft; 431. Inner cavity; 432. Limiting shaft; 4321. Locking rod; 433. Spring; 434. Locking groove two; 5. Fixing components; 51. Support plate; 52. Inlet groove; 53. Slide groove; 54. Support rod; 55. Screw; 56. Pressure plate; 57. Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of this invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0015] Since the water conservancy and hydropower survey areas are mostly soft ground in the field, when the tripod supports the 3D laser scanner, the operator may apply pressure to one side of the support leg when operating from the top, causing the support leg on that side to sink and the tripod to tilt. This will cause the laser scanner to deviate in angle, affecting the mapping accuracy and failing to meet the requirements of high-precision surveying.

[0016] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a topographic mapping device for water conservancy and hydropower surveying based on laser ranging, with reference to... Figure 1-2 As shown, the system includes a tripod 1, which is a telescopic structure with leg lengths that can be flexibly adjusted according to the flatness of the ground. A 3D laser scanner 2 is detachably mounted on the top of the tripod 1 via bolts. The 3D laser scanner 2 is used to convert measured distance data into a 3D terrain model.

[0017] In use, tripod 1 provides stable support for 3D laser scanner 2. By adjusting the length and angle of the legs, 3D laser scanner 2 can adapt to different ground environments and maintain a horizontal measurement state.

[0018] However, in actual field operations, when operators adjust the angle, parameters, or control panel of the 3D laser scanner 2 from the top, they inevitably apply downward pressure to one side of the tripod 1. The soil and gravel in the field are soft, and the side leg is prone to sinking under pressure, causing the tripod 1 to tilt as a whole. This causes the horizontal angle of the 3D laser scanner 2 to shift, affecting the accuracy of the survey data.

[0019] To avoid this problem, each leg of the tripod 1 is equipped with a movable part 3. A connector 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable part 3. A fixing component 5 is installed on the end of the three connectors 4 away from the movable part 3. The fixing component 5 is used to lock the position of the connector 4 so that the three legs form a linkage structure.

[0020] Next, the specific structure of active component 3 will be revealed first, for reference. Figure 3 As shown, a ball head seat 31 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the tripod 1 near the bottom by welding. The ball head seat 31 has a spherical groove inside. A movable ball head 32 is movably installed inside the ball head seat 31. The diameter of the movable ball head 32 is adapted to the spherical groove and can rotate flexibly inside the ball head seat 31. The outer wall of the movable ball head 32 is fixedly connected to the connector 4.

[0021] When the tripod 1 is placed on a ground with an uneven slope, the movable ball head 32 can rotate automatically with the slope of the ground, so that the connector 4 always remains in a vertical state, ensuring that the three connectors 4 are evenly stressed, and at the same time ensuring that the legs of the tripod 1 are in close contact with the ground, thus improving the stability of the support.

[0022] Next, the detailed structure of fixed component 5 will be disclosed. (See reference...) Figure 4-5 As shown, the fixing component 5 includes a support plate 51 located between three connectors 4. The support plate 51 is a circular plate. Three inlet grooves 52 are evenly opened along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the support plate 51. The width of the inlet grooves 52 is slightly larger than the width of the connectors 4 to facilitate the insertion of the connectors 4. Three sliding grooves 53 are opened inside the support plate 51, which correspond one-to-one with and communicate with the inlet grooves 52. The sliding grooves 53 extend radially along the support plate 51. The width of the sliding grooves 53 is adapted to the width of the connectors 4. The connectors 4 extend into the interior of the support plate 51 through the inlet grooves 52 and are coiled in the corresponding sliding grooves 53. The sliding grooves 53 provide space for the connectors 4 to move and be fixed.

[0023] refer to Figure 6 As shown, the top of the support plate 51 is fixedly connected by welding to multiple support rods 54 and a screw 55. There are multiple support rods 54, which are evenly distributed around the outer side of the screw 55. A pressure plate 56 is provided on the top of the support plate 51. The pressure plate 56 is a circular plate with a diameter that matches the diameter of the support plate 51. The inside of the pressure plate 56 has through holes that correspond one-to-one with the support rods 54 and the screw 55. The pressure plate 56 is sleeved on the outer wall of the support rods 54 and the screw 55 through the through holes and can slide up and down along the axial direction of the support rods 54. The support rods 54 play a guiding and supporting role for the pressure plate 56, preventing the pressure plate 56 from tilting when sliding. A nut 57 is threaded on the outer wall of the screw 55 and is located on the top of the pressure plate 56.

[0024] The specific operating steps of the fixing component 5 are as follows: First, adjust the length and angle of the tripod 1 legs according to the ground conditions of the survey site until it is adjusted to a horizontal position. Then, use the locking structure of the tripod 1 itself to lock the length of the legs. When the tripod 1 legs are pulled to adjust the angle, the connecting piece 4 can slide radially in the slide groove 53 to adapt to the angle change of the legs. After the leg angle is adjusted, the operator moves the nut 57. The nut 57 moves downward along the screw 55 under the action of the thread, pushing the pressure plate 56 to slide downward along the support rod 54. The bottom of the pressure plate 56 contacts the connecting piece 4 in the slide groove 53 and continuously applies pressure, finally fixing the connecting piece 4 firmly inside the slide groove 53, thus completing the locking of the fixing component 5 and the connecting piece 4.

[0025] At this time, refer to Figure 7 As shown, the three legs of tripod 1 form a stable triangular linkage structure with the fixing component 5 through the connector 4. When the operator operates the 3D laser scanner 2 from the top and applies downward pressure to one side of the leg, the downward pressure on that side of the leg will be quickly transmitted to the support plate 51 through the corresponding connector 4, and then distributed by the support plate 51 to the other two connectors 4, and then transmitted to the other two legs, forming a pressure transmission mode of single-leg force and three-leg sharing. This avoids the single side of the leg sinking downwards alone, and to a certain extent prevents the tripod 1 from tilting, ensuring the angular stability of the 3D laser scanner 2 and guaranteeing the mapping accuracy.

[0026] Next, the specific structure and locking principle of connector 4 will be disclosed. (Refer to...) Figure 8 As shown, the connector 4 is composed of multiple connecting blocks 41 and 42 that are alternately hinged. Both ends of the connecting blocks 41 and 42 are provided with mounting holes. The mounting holes at both ends of the connecting blocks 42 are fixedly installed with a support shaft 43. The mounting holes at both ends of the connecting blocks 41 are rotatably installed on the outer wall of the support shaft 43 through clearance fit, so that the connecting blocks 41 can rotate flexibly around the support shaft 43, thereby realizing the hinge connection between the connecting blocks 41 and 42.

[0027] refer to Figure 9 As shown, the support shaft 43 has an inner cavity 431 along the axial direction. The inner cavity 431 is a cylindrical cavity. A limiting shaft 432 is slidably installed inside the inner cavity 431 and can slide up and down along the axial direction of the inner cavity 431. A spring 433 is fixedly installed inside the inner cavity 431. The top of the spring 433 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting shaft 432, providing a continuous upward elastic support force for the limiting shaft 432.

[0028] Two sets of locking rods 4321 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the outer wall of the limiting shaft 432 by welding. Each set of locking rods 4321 has multiple rods evenly distributed along the circumference of the limiting shaft 432. The inner wall of the mounting hole at the top of the connecting block 41 has a locking groove 411 that matches the upper locking rod 4321. The number and position of the locking groove 411 correspond one-to-one with the upper locking rod 4321. The inner wall of the inner cavity 431 has a locking groove 434 that matches the lower locking rod 4321. The number and position of the locking groove 434 correspond one-to-one with the lower locking rod 4321. The locking rod 4321 at the bottom of the limiting shaft 432 is always located in the locking groove 434. Through the cooperation of the locking rod 4321 and the locking groove 434, the rotation of the limiting shaft 432 can be restricted, ensuring that the upper locking rod 4321 can be accurately aligned with the locking groove 411.

[0029] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 10 As shown, when the pressure plate 56 does not press down on the connecting piece 4, the spring 433 is in a naturally extended state, pushing the limiting shaft 432 upward. At this time, the locking rod 4321 above the limiting shaft 432 is located above the mounting hole at the top of the connecting block 41 and does not contact the locking groove 411. The connecting block 41 can rotate freely around the support shaft 43.

[0030] When the pressure plate 56 presses down on the connector 4, the pressure is transmitted to the support shaft 43, pushing the support shaft 43 to move downward. The support shaft 43 drives the limiting shaft 432 to move downward synchronously, and the spring 433 is compressed until the locking rod 4321 above the limiting shaft 432 is engaged in the locking groove 411 of the first connector block 41. At this time, the first connector block 41 is fixedly connected to the limiting shaft 432 through the locking rod 4321, while the limiting shaft 432 is fixed to the support shaft 43 through the lower locking rod 4321. The support shaft 43 is then fixed in the mounting hole of the second connector block 42, thereby achieving a rigid lock between the first connector block 41 and the second connector block 42, making the entire connector 4 form an inflexible rigid connecting rod structure, ensuring the stability of pressure transmission.

[0031] It should be noted that the pressure plate 56 can only lock the connector 4 inside the slide groove 53 of the support plate 51. The connector 4 outside the support plate 51 is still in a hinged state. However, when one leg is subjected to downward pressure, the pressure is transmitted along the axis of the support shaft 43. The support shaft 43 can provide rigid support for the connector 4 outside the support plate 51. Therefore, during the pressure distribution process, the connector 4 outside the support plate 51 will not bend or deform, and the effective transmission of pressure will not be affected.

[0032] Furthermore, when using the device, if the ground slope at the survey site is large and the legs of the tripod 1 need to be adjusted to different heights to maintain horizontality, the movable ball head 32 of the movable part 3 can rotate flexibly within the ball head seat 31 to adapt to the angle changes of the legs, ensuring that the connecting part 4 always remains vertical and does not affect the locking effect of the fixing component 5 on the connecting part 4, so that the device can still work stably in complex terrain.

[0033] Working principle: When in use, adjust the length of the tripod 1 legs according to the ground conditions. The movable ball head 32 rotates with the ground slope to make the legs fit tightly with the ground. Adjust the leg angle with a level to keep the 3D laser scanner 2 horizontal. During the adjustment process, the connecting piece 4 slides along the slide groove 53, and the connecting block 1 41 and the connecting block 2 42 are flexibly hinged to adapt to the angle.

[0034] After adjustment, tighten nut 57 to push pressure plate 56 down, squeezing connector 4 in slide groove 53, causing support shaft 43 to move down, and locking rod 4321 above limit shaft 432 to be engaged in locking groove 411. Connector 4 forms a rigid structure, fixing the three legs together.

[0035] When operating the 3D laser scanner 2, the pressure on one side of the support leg is transmitted to the other two support legs through the connector 4. The three legs share the pressure, preventing the scanner angle from shifting due to the sinking of one leg. After the survey is completed, the nut 57 is loosened, the spring 433 lifts the limit shaft 432, the locking rod 4321 disengages from the locking groove 411, and the connector 4 returns to its flexibility, allowing it to be folded and stored.

[0036] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A topographic mapping device for water conservancy and hydropower surveying based on laser ranging, comprising a tripod (1), wherein a three-dimensional laser scanner (2) is mounted on the top of the tripod (1), characterized in that: The tripod (1) has movable parts (3) installed at the bottom of its legs, and connectors (4) are installed inside the movable parts (3). A fixing component (5) is installed between the three connectors (4). The fixing component (5) includes a support plate (51) located between three connectors (4). The support plate (51) has three grooves (53) inside. The connectors (4) are chain-like structures and are wound in the grooves (53). A pressure plate (56) is installed on the top of the support plate (51). When in use, adjust the legs of the tripod (1) to a suitable angle. When pulling the legs, the connector (4) slides in the groove (53). After the leg angle is adjusted, press down the pressure plate (56) to fix the connector (4) in the groove (53), thereby connecting the legs of the tripod (1) together and dispersing the downward pressure.

2. The hydraulic and hydroelectric surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the support plate (51) is provided with three inlet grooves (52), and the slide groove (53) is connected to the inlet groove (52) at the corresponding position.

3. The hydraulic and hydroelectric surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the support plate (51) is fixedly connected to a support rod (54) and a screw (55). The support rod (54) has multiple surrounding the outside of the screw (55). The inside of the pressure plate (56) is provided with through holes corresponding to the support rod (54) and the screw (55). The outer wall of the screw (55) is threaded with a nut (57), and the nut (57) is located on the top of the pressure plate (56).

4. The hydraulic and hydroelectric surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector (4) is composed of multiple connecting blocks 1 (41) and connecting blocks 2 (42) connected alternately, and both ends of the connecting blocks 1 (41) and connecting blocks 2 (42) are provided with mounting holes.

5. The hydraulic and hydroelectric surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting hole of the second connecting block (42) is fixedly installed with a support shaft (43), and the mounting hole of the first connecting block (41) is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the support shaft (43).

6. The hydraulic and hydroelectric surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support shaft (43) has an inner cavity (431) inside, and a limit shaft (432) is slidably installed inside the inner cavity (431).

7. The hydraulic and hydroelectric surveying and mapping device based on laser ranging according to claim 6, characterized in that: A spring (433) is fixedly installed inside the inner cavity (431), and the top of the spring (433) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting shaft (432).

8. A topographic mapping device for water conservancy and hydropower surveying based on laser ranging according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two sets of locking rods (4321) are fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the outer wall of the limiting shaft (432).

9. A topographic mapping device for water conservancy and hydropower surveying based on laser ranging according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top mounting hole of the connecting block (41) is provided with a locking groove (411), the inner wall of the inner cavity (431) is provided with a locking groove (434), and the locking rod (4321) at the bottom of the limiting shaft (432) is located in the locking groove (434).

10. A topographic mapping device for water conservancy and hydropower surveying based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tripod (1) has a ball head seat (31) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the legs, and a movable ball head (32) is movably installed inside the ball head seat (31). The outer wall of the movable ball head (32) is fixedly connected to the connector (4).

Images