A kind of shallow silo slip form platform perpendicularity and levelness detection device and method

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of shallow round warehouse slip form platform perpendicularity and levelness detection device and method, the present application relates to shallow round warehouse slip form construction detection technical field, including shallow round warehouse and slip form platform, further including the measuring mechanism of installation on slip form platform;The measuring mechanism includes an umbrella-like truss, a telescopic staff, several groups of distance measuring sensors, several measurement wheel assemblies and controller;The center of the umbrella-like truss is fixedly connected at the top of the center column of slip form platform by ball hinge joint seat;Through the cooperative matching of umbrella-like truss, telescopic staff, distance measuring sensor and measurement wheel assembly, the inclination angle and overall translation of slip form platform are simultaneously obtained using the same set of devices, which changes the practice of measuring levelness using level, measuring perpendicularity using plumb or theodolite in traditional construction, reduces the investment and debugging time of equipment, and avoids the problem of data fragmentation and non-uniform coordinate system between equipment and equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shallow circular silo slipform construction testing technology, specifically a device and method for testing the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform. Background Technology

[0002] Shallow circular silos, as core facilities for storing grain, building materials, and other supplies, are directly affected by their construction quality, which impacts storage safety and service life. Slipform construction technology, due to its high efficiency and good structural integrity, is widely used in the construction of shallow circular silos. The slipform platform, as the core load-bearing and operational carrier in slipform construction, directly determines the uniformity of concrete pouring thickness and the accuracy of steel reinforcement installation in terms of its levelness. The verticality of the silo directly affects its structural stability; both are core indicators for quality control in slipform construction. The height-to-diameter ratio of shallow circular silos is strictly controlled within 1.5, employing a flat-bottomed structure design, with walls constructed of 250-300mm thick reinforced concrete. Typical silo diameters are 25-30 meters, eaves heights are 16-40 meters, single-silo grain storage depths can reach 12-40 meters, and capacities range from 5600 to 30000 tons. Based on construction form, they can be divided into ground-mounted and elevated types. Elevated types, due to their complex foundation treatment, are mostly used in areas with special geological conditions.

[0003] Currently, in the slipform construction of shallow circular silos, levelness and verticality are mostly tested using separate testing methods. Levelness testing relies heavily on manual operation instruments such as levels and theodolites, while verticality testing uses equipment such as plumb bobs and laser plumb bobs. This approach has the following technical drawbacks: First, the testing accuracy is low, as manual readings are prone to errors and are significantly affected by environmental factors such as strong light, dust, and vibration at the construction site. Second, the automation level is low, requiring dedicated personnel to operate and record data on-site, resulting in high labor intensity and the inability to achieve real-time monitoring during the dynamic ascent of the slipform platform. Third, the testing efficiency is low, as separate testing cannot simultaneously acquire levelness and verticality data, leading to delayed data processing and difficulty in quickly guiding on-site leveling and correction operations, potentially causing accumulated construction deviations and affecting construction quality. Fourth, data traceability is poor, as manually recorded data is easily lost or tampered with, making it difficult to achieve full-cycle quality traceability during construction. While some laser testing equipment is used in slipform construction testing, it often only performs single-index testing and lacks visual recognition technology for deviation calibration, making it difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of shallow circular silo slipform construction in terms of accuracy and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform. This invention aims to solve the problems of low accuracy and low efficiency of the current separate detection methods in the prior art. Although laser detection is also used, it can only detect a single index and does not combine visual recognition technology for deviation calibration. As a result, the detection accuracy and reliability are difficult to meet the requirements of shallow circular silo slipform construction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: the shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform verticality and horizontality detection device includes a shallow circular silo and a sliding formwork platform, and also includes a measuring mechanism installed on the sliding formwork platform; The measuring mechanism includes an umbrella-shaped truss, several telescopic markers, several sets of distance measuring sensors, several measuring wheel assemblies, and a controller; The center of the umbrella-shaped truss is fixedly connected to the top of the central column of the sliding formwork platform through a ball joint. The telescopic marker is fixedly installed on the bottom of the shallow circular silo. The top of the telescopic marker is provided with an orthogonal cross target. The orthogonal cross target is located directly below the center of the umbrella-shaped truss. Several radial arms are fixed on the umbrella-shaped truss and are distributed in a circumferential array. Each of the ranging sensors is installed on the corresponding radial arm. Several sets of the measuring wheel assemblies are respectively installed at the ends of the radial arm. The several sets of measuring wheel assemblies are tightly attached to the upper flange of the main beam of the sliding platform through an elastic preload mechanism. The measuring wheel assembly is equipped with a built-in encoder and tilt sensor. The controller is connected to the distance sensor, the built-in encoder and the tilt sensor respectively. The controller calculates the tilt angle and overall translation of the sliding platform based on the vertical distance data, and then fuses and compares the calculation results with the local tilt angle and rolling displacement data obtained by the measuring wheel assembly.

[0006] Preferably, the radial arm includes an inner rod segment, a middle rod segment, and an outer rod segment; The inner rod segment is fixedly connected to the ball joint seat, the middle rod segment is guided and sleeved on the outside of the inner rod segment, the outer rod segment is guided and sleeved on the outside of the middle rod end, and the end of the outer rod segment away from the ball joint seat is fixedly connected to the measuring wheel assembly. A locking mechanism is provided between the inner rod section and the middle rod section, and a bidirectional adjustment mechanism is provided between the middle rod section and the outer rod section; A pre-tensioned cable is fixed between two adjacent outer rod segments; The ranging sensor is installed at the end of the inner rod section away from the ball joint.

[0007] Preferably, the telescopic marker is a multi-level nested cylindrical structure, with longitudinal guide keys between each level; A steel wire rope is threaded inside the telescopic pole, and a fixed pulley is set at the center of the umbrella-shaped truss. The lower end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the uppermost level of the telescopic pole, and the upper end of the steel wire rope passes around the fixed pulley and is connected to a counterweight.

[0008] Preferably, the orthogonal cross target includes a stainless steel substrate and a high-reflectivity reflective film adhered to the surface of the stainless steel substrate; The stainless steel substrate has orthogonal cross lines engraved on its surface, and the orthogonal cross target is covered with a transparent dust cover.

[0009] Preferably, the measuring wheel assembly includes a caster wheel, a wheel frame, and a disc spring assembly; The disc spring assembly is disposed between the wheel frame and the outer rod section of the radial arm, the encoder is mounted on the axle of the omnidirectional wheel, and the tilt sensor is mounted on the side of the wheel frame.

[0010] A method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform includes the following steps: S1, by using a distance sensor installed in the inner section of the radial arm of the umbrella truss, to illuminate the orthogonal cross target at the top of the telescopic pole at a short distance, the vertical distance data from each monitoring point to the orthogonal cross target is obtained in real time. S2, the measuring wheel assembly at the outer end of the radial arm, acquires local tilt angle and rolling displacement data at each monitoring point in real time; S3, the controller receives the data obtained in steps S1 and S2, performs rigid body plane fitting on the vertical distance data, and calculates the tilt angle and overall translation of the sliding platform. S4. Compare the tilt angle calculated in step S3 with the local tilt angle obtained in step S2. If the difference between the two is greater than the set threshold, the sensor is determined to be abnormal and an alarm signal is issued. If the difference between the two is within the set threshold, the tilt angle calculated in step S3 is used as the basis for leveling. S5. Based on the overall translation amount calculated in step S3 and combined with the rolling displacement data obtained in step S2, comprehensively evaluate the verticality offset of the sliding platform.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the rigid body plane fitting uses the following formula: in, Let be the measured vertical distance of the i-th monitoring point. For the platform center elevation, The radial arm length, Let X be the tilt angle of the platform about the X-axis. Let Y be the tilt angle of the platform around the Y-axis. Let be the azimuth angle of the i-th monitoring point, which is solved using the least squares method. and .

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the method for calculating the overall translation amount is as follows: the measured vertical distance of each monitoring point is compared with the initial calibration value. When the measured vertical distance of all monitoring points changes in the same direction and by the same amount relative to the initial calibration value, it is determined that the sliding platform has undergone overall translation. The magnitude of the overall translation amount is equal to the average value of the change in vertical distance of each monitoring point.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes step S6: dividing the 56 hydraulic jacks of the slipform platform into 8 groups in the circumferential direction, with each group corresponding to a monitoring area. Calculating the required vertical compensation amount for each monitoring area based on the tilt angle calculated in step S3. When the maximum compensation amount is greater than the threshold, increasing the opening of the proportional flow valve of the hydraulic jack in the corresponding group to perform the lifting action. The opening of adjacent groups decreases by interpolation, with the maximum adjustment amount not exceeding 3 mm in a single operation and the difference in adjustment amount between adjacent groups not exceeding 2 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the method further includes step S7: sending the calculation results and fusion comparison results of steps S3 to S5 to the BS terminal display terminal. The display terminal provides a visual display in the form of a three-dimensional truss view, a level gauge, a verticality trajectory diagram, and a measurement wheel comparison bar chart. It also issues graded alarm signals when the sensor is offline, the target is obstructed, the measurement wheel data conflicts, or the hydraulic pressure is abnormal.

[0015] The beneficial effects are: 1. Through the coordinated operation of umbrella trusses, telescopic markers, distance sensors and measuring wheel assemblies, the tilt angle and overall translation of the slipform platform can be obtained simultaneously using the same set of devices. This changes the traditional construction practice of separately measuring horizontality with a level and verticality with a plumb bob or theodolite, reducing equipment investment and equipment debugging time, and avoiding the problems of data fragmentation and coordinate system inconsistency between devices.

[0016] 2. It achieves fully automated real-time monitoring, eliminating the need for dedicated personnel to operate and record data on-site, reducing manual labor intensity and avoiding errors from manual readings; with a detection frequency ≥10Hz, it can achieve real-time monitoring during the dynamic rising process of the slipform platform, and timely data processing can quickly guide on-site leveling and correction, avoiding the accumulation of construction deviations and ensuring construction quality. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the sliding formwork platform of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the radial arm of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Slipform platform; 2. Umbrella truss; 3. Telescopic marker; 4. Distance sensor; 5. Measuring wheel assembly; 6. Radial arm; 601. Inner rod section; 602. Middle rod section; 603. Outer rod section; 7. Orthogonal cross target; 8. Steel wire rope; 9. Counterweight. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Example 1 A device for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform includes a shallow circular silo and a slipform platform 1. In this embodiment, the structure and principle of the shallow circular silo and the slipform platform 1 are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. It also includes a measuring mechanism installed on the slipform platform 1. The measuring mechanism includes an umbrella-shaped truss 2, several telescopic markers 3, several sets of distance sensors 4, several measuring wheel assemblies 5, and a controller. The umbrella-shaped truss 2 is the skeleton of this device and is used to install the distance sensors 4 and the measuring wheel assemblies 5 so that the umbrella-shaped truss 2 is installed on the slipform platform 1. When the slipform platform 1 moves upward, it can drive the umbrella-shaped truss 2 to move upward together. This enables the detection of the tilt angle and overall translation of the slipform platform 1 during the pouring process. It changes the traditional construction practice of using a level to measure horizontality and a plumb bob or theodolite to measure verticality, reducing equipment investment and equipment debugging time, and improving detection efficiency.

[0021] In this embodiment, the shallow circular silo has a silo height of 30m, a sliding platform diameter of 18m, and is equipped with 56 GYD-60 hydraulic jacks, which are evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the center of the umbrella-shaped truss 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the central column of the sliding platform 1 via a ball joint. In this embodiment, the radial arms 6 are evenly distributed along the circumference, and each radial arm is a three-segment telescopic structure. Specifically, the radial arm 6 includes an inner rod segment 601, a middle rod segment 602, and an outer rod segment 603. The inner rod segment 601 is fixedly connected to the ball joint seat. The middle rod segment 602 is guided and sleeved on the outside of the inner rod segment 601. The outer rod segment 603 is guided and sleeved on the outside of the middle rod end 602. The end of the outer rod segment 603 away from the ball joint seat is fixedly connected to the measuring wheel assembly 5. A locking mechanism is provided between the inner rod segment 601 and the middle rod segment 602. A bidirectional adjustment mechanism is provided between the middle rod segment 602 and the outer rod segment 603, so that after the bidirectional adjustment mechanism is activated, the middle rod segment 602 and the outer rod segment 603 can move in opposite or opposite directions to achieve extension or shortening. A pre-tensioning cable is fixed between two adjacent outer rod segments 603 to hold the two adjacent radial arms 6 together and prevent the umbrella truss 2 from moving in its own direction. Under the action of gravity or external force, the cable deforms (sags or twists). To ensure measurement accuracy, the pre-tensioning cable uses a high-strength steel wire rope with a diameter of 6mm and a breaking force ≥20kN. The outer rod section 603 is fixed with a lifting lug. Both ends are fixed to the lifting lugs of the two adjacent radial arms 6 outer rod sections 603 through U-shaped clamps. A turnbuckle of type M12 is connected in series in the middle of each pre-tensioning cable to adjust the tension of the pre-tensioning cable. During installation, a pre-tension force of 800N is applied to the pre-tensioning cable by tightening the turnbuckle, so that the pre-tensioning cable forms a closed ring cable network. The pre-tension force is controlled by connecting a tension sensor in series near the turnbuckle to display the tension value in real time, or by indirectly estimating the tension by measuring the natural frequency of the cable. The distance sensor 4 is installed at the end of the inner rod section 601 away from the ball joint seat.

[0023] In this embodiment, the bidirectional adjustment mechanism includes a central rod external thread, an outer rod internal thread, and a bidirectional threaded sleeve. The bidirectional threaded sleeve has rotating threads on both the inside and outside of the central rod external thread and the outer rod internal thread, respectively. When the bidirectional threaded sleeve is turned clockwise, the central rod section 602 and the outer rod section 603 simultaneously retract towards the middle, and the radial arm 6 shortens. When the bidirectional threaded sleeve is turned counterclockwise, the central rod section 602 and the outer rod section 603 simultaneously extend towards both ends, and the radial arm 6 lengthens. The pitch of the bidirectional threaded sleeve is 2mm, and turning it one turn can change the arm length by 4mm. The outer surface of the spiral sleeve is knurled, which is convenient for workers to operate by hand, or a special wrench can be used.

[0024] In this embodiment, the locking mechanism adopts a clamp-type locking structure. An open clamp is installed at the end position where the middle rod section 602 fits onto the inner rod section 601. The inner side of the clamp is lined with a 3mm thick rubber pad, and an M10 bolt is provided on the clamp. When the bolt is tightened, the clamp tightens and tightly holds the inner section, locking the middle section by friction. When the bolt is loosened, the clamp loosens, and the middle rod section 602 can slide freely. The locking torque of this locking mechanism is ≥50N·m, and it can withstand an axial sliding force of more than 500N without displacement.

[0025] like Figure 2As shown, the telescopic marker 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shallow circular silo. The top of the telescopic marker 3 is provided with an orthogonal cross target 7, which is located directly below the center of the umbrella-shaped truss 2. Several radial arms 6 are fixed on the umbrella-shaped truss 2 and are distributed in a circumferential array. Each ranging sensor 4 is installed on the corresponding radial arm 6 to realize the real-time acquisition of the vertical distance data from each monitoring point to the orthogonal cross target 7.

[0026] Specifically, the telescopic marker 3 is a multi-level nested cylindrical structure with longitudinal guide keys between each level to prevent relative torsion. An orthogonal cross target 7 is installed at the top of the uppermost level of the telescopic marker 3. A steel wire rope 8 is threaded inside the telescopic marker 3. A fixed pulley is set at the center of the umbrella-shaped truss 2. The lower end of the steel wire rope 8 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the uppermost level of the telescopic marker 3, and the upper end of the steel wire rope 8 is connected to the counterweight 9 after passing over the fixed pulley. When the sliding platform 1 rises, the umbrella-shaped truss 2 and the fixed pulley rise accordingly. The weight of the counterweight pulls the top of the telescopic marker 3 upward through the steel wire rope 8. Each level extends in sequence under the action of tension, and the marker always remains vertical. The weight of the counterweight 10kg is sufficient to overcome the friction between the sleeves of each level and the resistance of the guide keys, ensuring smooth telescopic movement of the marker.

[0027] The orthogonal cross target 7 includes a stainless steel substrate and a high-reflectivity reflective film adhered to the surface of the stainless steel substrate; the surface of the substrate is engraved with fine orthogonal cross lines, and the orthogonal cross target 7 is wrapped with a transparent dust cover.

[0028] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a distance sensor 4 is installed on the upper surface of the inner rod segment 601 of each radial arm 6. The sensor model is FTM-50A, with a measurement range of 200 to 1200 mm, a measurement accuracy of ±0.05 mm, a resolution of 0.01 mm, a laser wavelength of 650 nm, visible red light, a laser class of Class II, eye-safe, an adjustable sampling frequency of 10 to 50 Hz, and a data output interface of RS485 / Modbus. RTU, operating temperature -20 to 60℃, protection rating IP67, power supply voltage DC12 to 24V. The sensor is installed in an aluminum alloy adjusting base, which is fixed to the upper surface of the inner rod segment 601 of the radial arm 6 by two M6 bolts. The adjusting base can be adjusted for pitch and yaw fine adjustment, which is used to adjust the emission optical axis of the ranging sensor 4 to be vertically downward and aligned with the cross center of the orthogonal cross target during installation. After adjustment, tighten the locking nut to fix it. The cable of the ranging sensor 4 runs along the inside of the radial arm 6. In an ideal state, when the umbrella truss 2 is horizontal and the target is located directly below the center of the truss, the measurement values ​​of the 8 ranging sensors are equal. When the sliding platform 1 tilts or translates, the measurement values ​​of each ranging sensor 4 change. The attitude of the platform can be calculated by analyzing the differences.

[0029] In this embodiment, the orthogonal cross target uses a 1.5m×1.5m reference target surface, a matte white panel, a black cross coordinate grid, and a flatness of ≤0.1mm / m.

[0030] like Figures 1-3 As shown, several sets of measuring wheel assemblies 5 are respectively installed at the ends of the radial arm 6. The several sets of measuring wheel assemblies 5 are tightly attached to the upper flange of the main beam of the sliding platform 1 through an elastic preload mechanism. The measuring wheel assembly 5 is equipped with a built-in encoder and tilt sensor to obtain local tilt angle and rolling displacement data.

[0031] Specifically, the measuring wheel assembly 5 includes a caster wheel, a wheel frame, and a disc spring assembly. The disc spring assembly is located between the wheel frame and the outer rod section 603 of the radial arm 6. The caster wheel is made of polyurethane coated to adapt to the curved surface of the upper flange of the main beam of the sliding platform 1. The wheel frame is a cast aluminum L-shaped bracket, which is hinged to the lug at the outer end of the radial arm 6 via a pin. A disc spring assembly consisting of 10 stacked disc springs is provided between the wheel frame and the radial arm 6. The function of the disc spring assembly is to keep the caster wheel pressed firmly against the upper flange of the platform's main beam to prevent vibration from causing damage. The wheel jumps off, and the encoder, model E6B2-CWZ6C, is installed on the axle of the omnidirectional wheel. It has a resolution of 500 lines per revolution and is used to measure the angular displacement of the omnidirectional wheel's rolling motion. The linear displacement of the wheel center is calculated by converting the wheel diameter. The miniature tilt sensor, model SCA100T-D01, is installed on the side of the wheel frame. It has a measurement range of ±5°, an accuracy of 0.01°, and an output interface of SPI. The tilt sensor is used to measure the local tilt angle of the wheel frame at the monitoring point. The measuring wheel assembly 5 corresponds to the main beam of the sliding platform 1.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the controller is connected to the distance sensor 4, the built-in encoder and the tilt sensor respectively. The controller calculates the tilt angle and overall translation of the sliding platform 1 based on the vertical distance data, and then compares the calculation results with the local tilt angle and rolling displacement data obtained by the measuring wheel assembly.

[0033] Specifically, the controller is installed in the operating room of the sliding platform 1. It adopts an industrial-grade PLC, Siemens S7-1200 series, equipped with a CPU module 1214C DC / DC / DC, an 8-channel RS485 communication module for receiving data from the infrared ranging sensor, a channel high-speed counter module for receiving the encoder pulse signal, a channel analog input module for receiving the voltage signal from the tilt sensor, a channel digital output module for controlling the hydraulic jack group solenoid valves, and an Ethernet communication module for communicating with the DTU module to upload data to the cloud server. The controller is powered by a 2KVA UPS uninterruptible power supply with a runtime of ≥30 minutes, ensuring that the system can still work normally for a period of time in the event of a sudden power outage. The core functions of the controller include synchronously acquiring distance data from the infrared ranging sensor, pulse data from the encoder, and angle data from the tilt sensor at a frequency of 20Hz. The tilt angle calculated by the infrared ranging sensor is fused and compared with the local tilt angle detected by the measuring wheel assembly. When the deviation between the two exceeds a set threshold of 2mm / m, the sensor is deemed abnormal and an alarm signal is issued, and the system switches to manual mode. When the deviation is within the set threshold, the tilt angle calculated by the infrared ranging sensor is used as the leveling basis. The required compensation amount for each group of hydraulic jacks is calculated based on the calculated tilt angle. The opening and closing of the corresponding group of solenoid valves is controlled through the digital output module to drive the jacks to perform the leveling action. The collected raw data and calculation results are sent to the DTU module through the Ethernet communication module, and then uploaded to the cloud server by the DTU module.

[0034] The data transmission system is used to upload data processed by the controller to the cloud processing system in real time. It includes a DTU data transmission module, a field junction box, and signal interference-resistant cables. The DTU data transmission module, model DTU-4500, supports 4G / 5G full network connectivity, with a data transmission latency of ≤100ms. It features breakpoint resumption, a built-in 32GB memory card to temporarily store data during network interruptions and resume transmission upon network recovery, and has an IP65 protection rating. It is compatible with RS485 and Ethernet data interfaces. The DTU module is fixed to the support frame in the slipform platform control room. The field junction box has an IP65 protection rating and features dustproof, waterproof, lightning protection, and interference resistance, used for centralized wiring and signal isolation of sensor cables. The signal interference-resistant cables are RVVP-4×0.75 shielded cables, with lengths customized according to site requirements. They are used for signal transmission between sensors and controllers, and between controllers and DTUs, effectively resisting electromagnetic interference at the construction site.

[0035] The cloud processing system is deployed on an Alibaba Cloud ECS server with a 4-core, 8GB configuration and 1000GB of storage capacity, providing at least one year of data storage capability. It employs AES-256 encryption to protect data security, receives data uploaded by the DTU, and calculates horizontal and vertical deviations in real time using a fusion algorithm. The fusion algorithm includes a horizontal judgment algorithm and a vertical weighted fusion algorithm. The cloud processing system has a built-in self-calibration function, automatically calibrating the fusion parameters every 30 minutes to ensure that the deviation calculation accuracy is maintained within ±0.1mm. The cloud processing system supports access from both B and C ends, has high availability, and can simultaneously meet the data viewing needs of multiple terminals.

[0036] The local application system is a browser-based B / S monitoring system deployed on computers in the construction site office and on the office computers of project management personnel. The B / S system includes a 3D truss view module, which renders in real-time the length changes of the eight radial arms of the umbrella truss, the spatial position of the target, and the contact status of the measuring wheels in 3D model form. When the length or angle of a certain arm is abnormal, the corresponding arm segment is highlighted in red. The B / S system also includes a leveling instrument module, which displays the dual-axis tilt angle of the slipform platform in numerical and simulated bubble charts, with values ​​accurate to 0.001. The bubble chart visually displays the tilt direction and degree, and simultaneously displays real-time vertical distance data of monitoring points in a bar chart format. The B / S system also includes an alarm panel module, displaying alarm information such as sensor offline, target obstruction, measuring wheel data conflict, and abnormal hydraulic pressure. Alarms are divided into three levels: Level 1 alarm (red) indicates sensor failure or data conflict requiring immediate shutdown and inspection; Level 2 alarm (orange) indicates deviation exceeding the standard requiring leveling operation; and Level 3 alarm (yellow) indicates abnormal data fluctuations requiring attention but not immediate action.

[0037] Example 2 A method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform includes the following steps: S1, Pre-construction calibration: Using a distance sensor 4 installed on the inner section of the radial arm 6 of the umbrella truss 2, the vertical distance from each monitoring point to the orthogonal crosshair target 7 at the top of the telescopic pole 3 is obtained in real time by illuminating the orthogonal crosshair target 7 at a short distance vertically. Before the slipform construction begins, the umbrella truss 2 is first installed and leveled. The central hub of the umbrella truss 2 is fixed to the top of the central column of the slipform platform 1 through a ball joint. The radial arm 6 is unfolded, and the bidirectional adjustment mechanism between the middle section 602 and the outer section 603 of each arm is adjusted to make the length of each radial arm 6 approximately equal. Then, an infrared distance sensor 4 is installed on the inner section 601 of each arm. The pitch and deflection angles of the distance sensor 4 are adjusted so that its optical axis is vertically downward. After leveling, the locking mechanism between the middle section 602 and the inner section 601 is tightened to lock the length of each arm. Finally, the pre-tensioned cable is installed. Apply a preload of 800N using turnbuckles, then install telescopic marker 3. Anchor the bottom of telescopic marker 3 to the embedded part in the center of the warehouse bottom using anchor bolts. Install the wire rope and counterweight, ensuring that the wire rope passes through the inside of the marker, goes around the fixed pulley, and suspends the counterweight 9. Check the plumbness of telescopic marker 3. Next, install and calibrate the orthogonal crosshair target. Install the orthogonal crosshair target on the fourth section at the top of the marker. Install the measuring wheel assembly 5. Install the measuring wheel assembly 5 on the outer end of each radial arm 6. Adjust the preload of the disc spring assembly so that the caster wheel is close to the upper flange of the platform main beam. Check whether the signal output of the encoder and tilt sensor is normal. Finally, perform system integration and debugging. Start the controller to check whether the data of the distance sensor, encoder, and tilt sensor are uploaded normally. Check the initial readings of each monitoring point on the BS terminal. S2, Real-time Data Acquisition: The measuring wheel assembly 5 at the outer end of the radial arm 6 acquires local tilt angle and rolling displacement data at each monitoring point in real time. After the slipform construction starts, the distance sensor 4 synchronously acquires the vertical distance data to the orthogonal cross target at a frequency of 20Hz. The data is transmitted to the controller via RS485 bus. At the same time, the encoder records the angular displacement of the universal wheel in real time. The high-speed counter module of the controller reads the number of encoder pulses at a frequency of 20Hz. The tilt sensor outputs the local tilt angle of each monitoring point at a frequency of 20Hz. The controller adds a unified timestamp to all the acquired data with an accuracy of 1ms to ensure that the distance measurement data, encoder data and tilt angle data are strictly aligned in time. S3, Data Preprocessing and Transmission: The controller receives the data obtained in steps S1 and S2, performs rigid body plane fitting on the vertical distance data, calculates the tilt angle and overall translation of the sliding platform 1, and performs real-time anomaly detection on the data stream of each ranging sensor 4. The judgment criterion is that if the deviation between the current data and the average of the last three data is greater than 0.3mm, the data is judged as abnormal jump data and is discarded, and replaced with the average of the last three data. This judgment criterion can effectively filter out instantaneous abnormal values ​​caused by the laser being temporarily blocked by splashed cement slurry or strong light interference. The data sequence after removing abnormal values ​​is then processed... The row moving average filter has a window length of 5 sampling points, corresponding to a time window of 250ms, and outputs smoothed data after filtering. The controller packages the ranging data, encoder data, and tilt data into a data frame. Each frame contains a timestamp, infrared ranging data, encoder data, tilt data, and a check code. The data frame is sent to the DTU module via Ethernet. The DTU module transmits the data to the cloud server in real time via 4G / 5G network at a transmission frequency of 20Hz, that is, one data frame is sent every 50ms. When the network is interrupted, the DTU module temporarily stores the data in the built-in 32GB storage card and automatically retransmits it after the network is restored. The following formula is used for rigid body plane fitting: in, Let be the measured vertical distance of the i-th monitoring point. For the platform center elevation, The radial arm is 6 units long. Let X be the tilt angle of the platform about the X-axis. Let Y be the tilt angle of the platform around the Y-axis. Let be the azimuth angle of the i-th monitoring point, which is solved using the least squares method. and ; The method for calculating the overall translation is as follows: compare the measured vertical distance of each monitoring point with the initial calibration value. When the measured vertical distance of all monitoring points changes in the same direction and by the same amount relative to the initial calibration value, it is determined that the sliding platform has undergone overall translation. The magnitude of the overall translation is equal to the average value of the change in vertical distance of each monitoring point.

[0038] S4, Deviation Calculation and Judgment: The tilt angle calculated in step S3 is compared with the local tilt angle obtained in step S2. When the deviation is greater than a set threshold, the sensor is judged to be abnormal and an alarm signal is issued. When the deviation is within the set threshold, the tilt angle calculated in step S3 is used as the leveling basis. After receiving the data, the cloud server performs deviation calculation and judgment through a fusion algorithm. The method for calculating the horizontal deviation is as follows: read the filtered data of the ranging sensor 4, calculate the average value of the data, which represents the average distance from the center of the umbrella truss 2 to the orthogonal cross target in the current state, calculate the deviation value of each measuring point, and use the rigid body plane fitting algorithm to assume that the sliding platform is a rigid disk to calculate the horizontal deviation, that is, the absolute value of the largest deviation from the average value among the measuring points. If the horizontal deviation is ≤5mm, it is judged as qualified horizontally; if the horizontal deviation is >5mm, it is judged as unqualified horizontally, triggering a level two alarm orange and marking the position of the measuring point with the largest deviation and the tilt direction on the BS terminal. The method for calculating the vertical deviation is as follows: read the filtered data of the ranging sensor 4 and the cumulative displacement data of the encoder. The top horizontal distance deviation is calculated. Each ranging sensor 4 simultaneously outputs horizontal distance data, i.e., the distance from the sensor to the cylinder wall. The average horizontal distance is calculated, and the horizontal distance deviation at each measuring point is obtained. Based on the data from the ranging sensor 4, the horizontal offset of the center of the orthogonal cross target relative to the center of the umbrella truss 2 is calculated. The distance deviation of the measuring points is substituted into the overall translational amount obtained by the rigid body plane fitting model, which is the horizontal offset of the center of the orthogonal cross target. The weighted fusion algorithm is used to calculate the total verticality deviation, which is equal to the effective bottom spot deviation multiplied by 0.6 plus the absolute value. The average value is multiplied by 0.4, and the verticality deviation rate is calculated as the total deviation divided by the total travel distance of the current actual height of the silo from the sliding platform, multiplied by 100%. If the calculated verticality deviation rate is ≤30mm and the total deviation is ≤ the total travel distance of the current actual height of the silo from the sliding platform / 1000, the verticality is deemed to be qualified. If any indicator exceeds the standard, the verticality is deemed to be unqualified, triggering a level 2 orange alarm and marking the offset direction on the BS terminal. The controller fuses and compares the tilt angle calculated by the ranging sensor 4 with the local tilt angle detected by the measuring wheel assembly 5. S5, Real-time Monitoring and Correction: Based on the overall translational displacement calculated in step S3 and combined with the rolling displacement data obtained in step S2, the verticality offset of the slipform platform 1 is comprehensively evaluated. On-site construction personnel can view the 3D truss view, leveling instrument panel, verticality trajectory diagram, and measuring wheel comparison diagram in real time through the BS terminal monitoring system. When the leveling deviation is >5mm, the system automatically performs a leveling operation. First, the 56 hydraulic jacks are divided into 8 groups in the circumferential direction. Each group of 7 jacks corresponds to the monitoring area of ​​a distance sensor 4. The hydraulic circuit of each group of jacks is equipped with an independent solenoid valve and a proportional flow valve. Then, based on the calculated tilt angle and the calculation of each monitoring... The required vertical compensation for the area is as follows: when the horizontal deviation is 6mm, the corresponding hydraulic support frame is fine-tuned according to the deviation measurement points marked by the system; when the total vertical deviation is 32mm, the hydraulic system is directionally adjusted according to the offset direction marked by the system until the deviation meets the requirements. When the system is in manual mode and triggers a level one alarm due to data conflict or when the construction personnel select manual operation, the BS terminal displays the deviation data of each monitoring point and the recommended leveling direction. The construction personnel manually adjust the needle valves of the corresponding group of hydraulic jacks to perform leveling and correction operations. After the operation is completed, the operation information, including the operator, operation time, and adjustment amount, is entered on the BS terminal. The system records and archives the information. S6, divide the 56 hydraulic jacks of the sliding platform 1 into 8 groups in the circumferential direction. Each group corresponds to a monitoring area. Calculate the vertical compensation required for each monitoring area based on the tilt angle calculated in step S3. When the maximum compensation is greater than the threshold, increase the opening of the proportional flow valve of the hydraulic jack in the corresponding group to perform the lifting action. The opening of adjacent groups decreases by interpolation. The maximum adjustment amount in a single operation does not exceed 3 mm, and the difference in adjustment amount between adjacent groups does not exceed 2 mm. S7 sends the solution results and fusion comparison results from S3 to S5 to the BS end display terminal. The BS end display terminal displays the results in the form of a three-dimensional truss view, a level instrument, a verticality trajectory diagram, and a measurement wheel comparison bar chart. It also issues graded alarm signals when the sensor is offline, the target is blocked, the measurement wheel data conflicts, or the hydraulic pressure is abnormal. S8, Post-construction Data Management: After the daily construction is completed, the monitoring report of the day is exported through the BS terminal to analyze the trend of deviation changes and the effect of leveling and correction. The cloud server saves historical data for easy subsequent query and quality archiving.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. The basic concept of the present invention lies in achieving a horizontal and verticality detection accuracy of ±0.1mm, enabling real-time capture of the slipform platform's offset, quickly guiding on-site leveling and correction, effectively avoiding the accumulation of construction deviations, and ensuring the quality of shallow circular silo slipform construction. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform, comprising a shallow circular silo and a sliding formwork platform (1), characterized in that, It also includes a measuring mechanism installed on the sliding platform (1); The measuring mechanism includes an umbrella-shaped truss (2), several telescopic markers (3), several sets of distance sensors (4), several measuring wheel assemblies (5), and a controller; The center of the umbrella truss (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the central column of the sliding platform (1) through a ball joint. The telescopic marker (3) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the shallow circular silo. The top of the telescopic marker (3) is provided with an orthogonal cross target (7). The orthogonal cross target (7) is located directly below the center of the umbrella truss (2). Several radial arms (6) are fixed on the umbrella truss (2) and are distributed in a circular array. Each of the distance measuring sensors (4) is installed on the corresponding radial arm (6). Several sets of the measuring wheel assemblies (5) are respectively installed at the ends of the radial arm (6). The several sets of the measuring wheel assemblies (5) are closely attached to the upper flange of the main beam of the sliding platform (1) through an elastic preload mechanism. The measuring wheel assembly (5) is equipped with a built-in encoder and tilt sensor. The controller is connected to the distance sensor (4), the built-in encoder and the tilt sensor respectively. The controller calculates the tilt angle and overall translation of the sliding platform (1) based on the vertical distance data, and compares the calculation results with the local tilt angle and rolling displacement data obtained by the measuring wheel assembly.

2. The device for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial arm (6) includes an inner rod segment (601), a middle rod segment (602), and an outer rod segment (603). The inner rod segment (601) is fixedly connected to the ball joint seat, the middle rod segment (602) is guided and sleeved on the outside of the inner rod segment (601), the outer rod segment (603) is guided and sleeved on the outside of the middle rod end (602), and the end of the outer rod segment (603) away from the ball joint seat is fixedly connected to the measuring wheel assembly (5). A locking mechanism is provided between the inner rod section (601) and the middle rod section (602), and a bidirectional adjustment mechanism is provided between the middle rod section (602) and the outer rod section (603); A pre-tensioning cable is fixed between two adjacent outer rod segments (603); The distance sensor (4) is installed at the end of the inner rod section (601) away from the ball joint seat.

3. The device for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic marker (3) is a multi-level nested cylindrical structure, with longitudinal guide keys between each level; The telescopic pole (3) is equipped with a steel wire rope (8), and the umbrella-shaped truss (2) is equipped with a fixed pulley at its center. The lower end of the steel wire rope (8) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the uppermost telescopic pole (3), and the upper end of the steel wire rope (8) is connected to a counterweight (9) after passing over the fixed pulley.

4. The device for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The orthogonal cross target (7) includes a stainless steel substrate and a high-reflectivity reflective film adhered to the surface of the stainless steel substrate; The surface of the stainless steel substrate is engraved with orthogonal cross lines, and the orthogonal cross target (7) is covered with a transparent dust cover.

5. The device for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, The measuring wheel assembly (5) includes a caster wheel, a wheel frame, and a disc spring assembly; The disc spring assembly is located between the wheel frame and the outer rod section (603) of the radial arm (6), the encoder is mounted on the wheel axle of the universal wheel, and the tilt sensor is mounted on the side of the wheel frame.

6. A method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform using the detection device described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, by using the distance sensor (4) installed in the inner section of the radial arm (6) of the umbrella truss (2), the vertical distance data from each monitoring point to the orthogonal cross target (7) at the top of the telescopic pole (3) is obtained in real time through short-distance vertical illumination on the orthogonal cross target (7). S2, the measuring wheel assembly (5) at the outer end of the radial arm (6) acquires local tilt angle and rolling displacement data at each monitoring point in real time; S3, the controller receives the data obtained in steps S1 and S2, performs rigid body plane fitting on the vertical distance data, and calculates the tilt angle and overall translation of the sliding platform (1). S4. Compare the tilt angle calculated in step S3 with the local tilt angle obtained in step S2. If the difference between the two is greater than the set threshold, the sensor is determined to be abnormal and an alarm signal is issued. If the difference between the two is within the set threshold, the tilt angle calculated in step S3 is used as the basis for leveling. S5. Based on the overall translation amount calculated in step S3 and combined with the rolling displacement data obtained in step S2, comprehensively evaluate the verticality offset of the sliding platform (1).

7. The method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo slipform platform according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the rigid body plane fitting uses the following formula: in, Let be the measured vertical distance of the i-th monitoring point. For the platform center elevation, The length of the radial arm (6) is... Let X be the tilt angle of the platform about the X-axis. Let Y be the tilt angle of the platform around the Y-axis. Let be the azimuth angle of the i-th monitoring point, which is solved using the least squares method. and .

8. The method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the method for calculating the overall translation amount is as follows: the measured vertical distance of each monitoring point is compared with the initial calibration value. When the measured vertical distance of all monitoring points changes in the same direction and by the same amount relative to the initial calibration value, it is determined that the sliding platform has undergone overall translation. The magnitude of the overall translation amount is equal to the average value of the change in vertical distance of each monitoring point.

9. The method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method also includes step S6: Divide the 56 hydraulic jacks of the sliding platform (1) into 8 groups in the circumferential direction. Each group corresponds to a monitoring area. Calculate the vertical compensation required for each monitoring area based on the tilt angle calculated in step S3. When the maximum compensation is greater than the threshold, increase the opening of the proportional flow valve of the hydraulic jack in the corresponding group to perform the lifting action. The opening of adjacent groups decreases by interpolation. The maximum adjustment amount in a single operation does not exceed 3 mm, and the difference in adjustment amount between adjacent groups does not exceed 2 mm.

10. The method for detecting the verticality and horizontality of a shallow circular silo sliding formwork platform according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes step S7: sending the calculation results and fusion comparison results of steps S3 to S5 to the BS end display terminal. The BS end display terminal visualizes the data in the form of a three-dimensional truss view, a level gauge, a verticality trajectory diagram, and a measurement wheel comparison bar chart, and issues graded alarm signals when the sensor is offline, the target is blocked, the measurement wheel data conflicts, or the hydraulic pressure is abnormal.

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