Hydrogeological multilayer groundwater level high-precision surveying device and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of groundwater pollution sampling and detection, and specifically discloses a hydrogeological multilayer groundwater level high-precision surveying device and method, which comprises a winding mechanism for lowering and lifting a rope, a float sampler arranged on the rope for sampling surface water of groundwater, an underwater sampling mechanism arranged at the bottom of the rope, and a water level contact sensor arranged on the underwater sampling mechanism and used for outputting a water contact signal. The overall architecture can complete the three core functions of high-precision water level measurement, surface water sample collection and deep water sample collection simultaneously through one-time downhole operation, avoids the problems of water body disturbance in the hole and interlayer water body mixing caused by multiple lifting and lowering of equipment in traditional step-by-step operation, ensures that the water level data and the water sample data correspond to the same hydrological time, and greatly improves the operation efficiency and data matching accuracy of multilayer groundwater surveying, thereby providing reliable in-situ data basis for aquifer hydraulic connection analysis and water quality stratified evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of groundwater pollution sampling and detection technology, and in particular to a high-precision surveying device and method for multi-layer groundwater levels in hydrogeology. Background Technology

[0002] In hydrogeological surveys and groundwater resource assessments, multi-layer groundwater level surveys refer to the determination of water levels in multiple aquifers exposed by boreholes, with simultaneous acquisition of water samples from the corresponding strata to understand the hydraulic connections and water quality differences between aquifers at different depths. Currently, the commonly used survey method involves using water level gauges and measuring tapes to measure the water surface depth within the borehole, and then using samplers such as Beile tubes and submersible pumps to separately lower the samplers to the predetermined depth to collect water samples. Measurement and sampling are typically performed in separate steps.

[0003] However, this separate operation of water level detection and sampling has obvious drawbacks. Water level measurement can only provide a single water surface elevation and cannot simultaneously extract surface water samples at the water level and deep water samples at different depths below the water level. For example, in CN220893869U, a groundwater sampling and detection device can only sample water at a certain location. To obtain water samples from different layers, the device needs to be raised and lowered multiple times, which is time-consuming and easily disturbs the water column in the borehole, causing water from different layers to mix. At the same time, as water is pumped or over time, the water level in the borehole changes dynamically, so the water level-water quality data obtained at different times are not the same hydrological moment, making it difficult to truly reflect the instantaneous state of each aquifer and seriously affecting the accuracy and representativeness of the stratification evaluation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device and method that can be deployed into a well at once to simultaneously complete high-precision measurements of multiple water levels and in-situ collection of corresponding surface and deep water samples, in order to support the development of hydrogeological exploration towards higher timeliness and higher resolution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey device and method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is as follows: On the one hand, a high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey device is provided, including: A winding mechanism for lowering and raising the rope; A floating sampler, fitted onto the rope, is used to sample surface groundwater. An underwater sampling mechanism is located at the bottom of the rope; A water level contact sensor is installed on the underwater sampling mechanism to output a water contact signal.

[0007] Furthermore, the float sampler is annular with a through hole in the middle for the rope to pass through; the float sampler includes an upper buoyancy storage chamber and a lower sampling chamber; The float sampler has an inlet at its lower part that communicates with the sampling chamber. The buoyancy storage chamber has a connecting pipe inside for balancing air pressure. The connecting pipe connects the buoyancy storage chamber to the outside of the float sampler.

[0008] Furthermore, a sliding cover is provided on the inner wall of the water inlet cavity corresponding to the water inlet; when the sliding cover slides up, the water inlet opens, and vice versa. The sampling chamber is equipped with a buoyancy lever, and a float is provided at the top of the buoyancy lever. The buoyancy lever is configured such that when the float is floated by the water, its bottom presses down on the sliding cover to close it.

[0009] Furthermore, the power arm corresponding to the buoy in the buoyancy lever is greater than the resistance arm corresponding to the sliding cover.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom of the float sampler is provided with a limiting cone hole, and the top of the underwater sampling mechanism is provided with a limiting cone platform.

[0011] Furthermore, the sliding cover is magnetic; The underwater sampling mechanism is provided with an annular permanent magnet ring at the top; the annular permanent magnet ring and the sliding cover have magnetic attraction; There is always a clearance gap between the sliding cover and the annular permanent magnet ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the underwater sampling mechanism includes a mounting plate, a sampling sleeve, a counterweight, and a counterweight disposed below the mounting plate; The sampling sleeve includes an outer sleeve and a piston movably disposed inside the sleeve. The sleeve is mounted on a first connecting rod below the mounting plate, and the piston is slidably mounted on a second connecting rod below the mounting plate. The piston is provided with a piston rod, and the piston rod is provided with a rack, which meshes with the gear of the electric mechanism below the mounting plate.

[0013] Furthermore, an eccentric adjustment assembly is provided between the sampling sleeve and the counterweight, the eccentric adjustment assembly including an abutment frame, a fixing plate and an adjustment frame; The fixed plate is hinged to a ball joint with a hinge rod running through it from top to bottom. The center ball joint of the abutment frame is hinged to the upper end of the hinge rod, and the ball joint of the adjustment frame is hinged to the lower end of the hinge rod. The abutting frame includes several abutting rods spaced apart circumferentially. The end of each abutting rod facing away from the center is provided with a first roller. The abutting rod is connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate by a first spring. The adjusting frame includes several adjusting rods spaced apart circumferentially. The end of each adjusting rod facing away from the center is provided with a second roller. The adjusting rod is connected to the lower wall of the fixed plate by a second spring. The length of the abutment rod is greater than the length of the adjusting rod.

[0014] Furthermore, a counterweight adjustment block is provided at the bottom of the adjustment frame; The counterweight has a clearance hole at its center, and the counterweight adjustment block is suspended in the clearance hole.

[0015] On the other hand, a high-precision method for hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey is also provided, which is implemented using the aforementioned survey equipment, including: Step 1: The rope equipped with the underwater sampling mechanism and the floating sampler is lowered into the borehole through the winding mechanism; Step 2: When the water level contact sensor detects the first electrical signal, raise the rope and lower it again. When the electrical signal is detected again, confirm the actual water surface position and record the length of the rope lowered at this time. Calculate the absolute water level elevation by combining the elevation of the wellhead reference point. Step 3: Continue lowering the rope. The underwater sampling mechanism enters below the water surface, while the float sampler floats above the water surface due to buoyancy. Under its own weight, the lower end of the buoyancy rod naturally moves away from the sliding cover. At this time, the water flows into the sampling chamber through the inlet. As the amount of water in the sampling chamber increases, the float rises under the action of buoyancy, and the lower end of the buoyancy rod presses down on the sliding cover to achieve closure. Step four: The electric mechanism drives the piston to draw water from the lower layer to achieve water extraction; Step 5: The winding mechanism rises. When passing over the water surface, the limiting cone hole and the limiting cone platform cooperate to achieve the limiting. The permanent magnet ring and the sliding cover generate magnetic attraction to ensure the sealing of the water inlet.

[0016] The hydrogeological equipment and method for high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey disclosed in this application can simultaneously complete three core functions—high-precision water level measurement, surface water sampling, and deep water sampling—through a single well-running operation. This avoids the problems of water disturbance within the borehole and water mixing between layers caused by multiple equipment raising and lowering operations in traditional step-by-step operations. At the same time, it ensures that water level data and water sample data correspond to the same hydrological time, significantly improving the operational efficiency and data matching accuracy of multi-layer groundwater survey, and providing a reliable in-situ data foundation for aquifer hydraulic connection analysis and water quality stratification evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 4 This is a top view of the float sampler in this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of a portion of point C in the middle; Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the float sampler in this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater sampling mechanism in this application; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of part of D; Figure 10 This is a front view of the underwater sampling mechanism used in this application; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of point E in the middle.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Winding mechanism; 10. Rope; 2. Float sampler; 20. Buoyancy reserve chamber; 21. Connecting pipe; 22. Sampling chamber; 23. Buoyancy lever; 24. Buoy; 25. Inlet; 26. Sliding cover; 27. Sliding column; 270. Baffle; 28. Limiting cone hole; 29. ​​Through hole; 3. Underwater sampling mechanism; 30. Mounting plate; 31. Limiting cone; 32. Annular permanent magnet ring; 33. Counterweight; 331. Clearance hole; 332. 34. Electric mechanism; 340. Gear; 350. Sleeve; 351. Piston rod; 352. First connecting rod; 353. Second connecting rod; 40. Abutting rod; 400. First roller; 4000. Abutting frame; 41. First spring; 42. Fixed plate; 420. Fourth connecting rod; 43. Hinge rod; 44. Adjusting rod; 4400. Adjusting frame; 45. Second roller; 46. Second spring; 47. Counterweight adjusting block. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present application, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present application.

[0020] like Figure 1-11 As shown, on the one hand, a high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey device is provided, including: The winding mechanism 1 is used to lower and raise the rope 10. As the lifting drive unit of the whole set of equipment, the winding mechanism 1 realizes the lowering and raising of the equipment by winding and raising the rope 10. It can precisely control the lowering length and running speed of the rope 10, and provide stable power support for well exploration and recovery operations.

[0021] The float sampler 2 is mounted on the rope 10 and is used to sample the surface water of the groundwater. The float sampler 2 is movably mounted on the rope 10 and can slide freely along the axis of the rope 10. During operation, it is suspended on the surface of the groundwater by the buoyancy of the water and is used to collect surface groundwater samples at the water level in situ.

[0022] The underwater sampling mechanism 3 is located at the bottom of the rope 10. The underwater sampling mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rope 10 and is lowered synchronously with the rope 10 to the target depth below the water surface to collect deep groundwater samples from aquifers at different depths.

[0023] A water level contact sensor is installed on the underwater sampling mechanism 3 to output a water contact signal.

[0024] The water level contact sensor is located on the top of the underwater sampling mechanism 3. It can output a trigger electrical signal the moment it contacts the water surface, which serves as the reference trigger point for water level elevation calculation.

[0025] This overall architecture can simultaneously complete three core functions—high-precision water level measurement, surface water sampling, and deep water sampling—through a single well-running operation. It avoids the problems of water disturbance within the borehole and water mixing between layers caused by multiple equipment lifting and lowering operations in traditional step-by-step operations. At the same time, it ensures that water level data and water sample data correspond to the same hydrological time, which greatly improves the operational efficiency and data matching accuracy of multi-layer groundwater exploration, and provides a reliable in-situ data foundation for aquifer hydraulic connection analysis and water quality stratification evaluation.

[0026] Furthermore, the float sampler 2 is annular with a through hole 29 in the middle for the rope 10 to pass through; the float sampler 2 includes a buoyancy storage chamber 20 located above and a sampling chamber 22 located below. The bottom of the float sampler 2 is provided with an inlet 25 that communicates with the sampling chamber 22. The buoyancy storage chamber 20 is provided with a connecting pipe 21 for balancing air pressure. The connecting pipe 21 connects the buoyancy storage chamber 20 and the outside of the float sampler 2.

[0027] The float sampler 2 has an overall ring-shaped structure with a through hole 29 in the center. The rope 10 is inserted through the through hole 29 to limit the motion freedom of the float sampler 2, so that it can only float up and down along the axis of the rope 10, and avoids radial deviation and jamming under the action of water flow in the hole.

[0028] The interior of the float sampler 2 is divided into two independent chambers along the axial direction: the upper chamber is the buoyancy storage chamber 20, and the lower chamber is the sampling chamber 22.

[0029] The buoyancy reserve chamber 20 is a sealed cavity that can be filled with air or low-density buoyancy material to provide core buoyancy for the float sampler 2, ensuring that it can float stably on the water surface when it is unloaded or when the sampling chamber 22 is fully loaded.

[0030] Sampling chamber 22 is a water sample storage chamber used to hold the collected surface groundwater samples.

[0031] The bottom of the float sampler 2 is provided with an inlet 25 that is connected to the sampling chamber 22, serving as a channel for surface water to enter the sampling chamber 22; the buoyancy storage chamber 20 is provided with a connecting pipe 21, one end of which is connected to the inside of the buoyancy storage chamber 20, and the other end extends to the external environment of the float sampler 2, in order to balance the internal and external air pressure of the buoyancy storage chamber 20, avoid obstruction of water inlet to the sampling chamber 22, and ensure normal drainage of the sampling chamber 22.

[0032] The structure with upper and lower chambers makes the buoyancy function and sampling function independent, which not only ensures the floating reliability of the float, but also realizes the in-situ preservation of surface water samples.

[0033] There are three connecting pipes 21 in all directions.

[0034] Furthermore, a sliding cover 26 is provided on the inner wall of the water inlet chamber corresponding to the water inlet 25; when the sliding cover 26 slides up, the water inlet 25 opens, and vice versa. The sampling chamber 22 is equipped with a buoyancy lever 23, and a float 24 is provided on the top of the buoyancy lever 23. The buoyancy lever 23 is configured to close the sliding cover 26 by pressing down its bottom when the float 24 is floated by the water.

[0035] Corresponding to the position of the inlet 25, a sliding cover 26 is provided on the inner wall of the sampling chamber 22. The sliding cover 26 can slide axially along the inner wall of the sampling chamber 22 and maintain a sealed fit with the chamber wall. When the sliding cover 26 slides upward, the inlet 25 opens, and groundwater can flow into the sampling chamber 22 through the inlet 25. When the sliding cover 26 slides downward to the sealed position, the inlet 25 is completely blocked.

[0036] The sampling chamber 22 is also equipped with a buoyancy lever 23 mechanism. The rod of the buoyancy lever 23 is hinged to the fulcrum on the inner wall of the sampling chamber 22. A float 24 is fixedly installed at the top of the lever, and the bottom end is arranged facing the upper surface of the sliding cover 26. In the initial state without water, the weight of the float 24 and the buoyancy lever 23 causes the float 24 to sink around the fulcrum, and the bottom end of the lever to rise accordingly. The sliding cover 26 is not subjected to downward pressure and can slide freely upward under the action of water, keeping the inlet 25 open. When the water level in the sampling chamber 22 gradually rises and the float 24 is immersed in the water, the float 24 is subjected to upward buoyancy and rises with the water level, driving the buoyancy lever 23 to rotate around the fulcrum. This causes the bottom end of the buoyancy lever 23 to swing downward and press down on the sliding cover 26, ultimately pushing the sliding cover 26 down to the sealing position, realizing the automatic closure of the inlet 25.

[0037] This structure uses water buoyancy as the trigger power source for sealing, eliminating the need for additional electrical control components and underwater power supply lines. It features a simple structure and reliable operation, making it suitable for complex underwater survey environments. Simultaneously, it can automatically complete the sealing before the sampling chamber 22 is filled, ensuring that the collected water sample is in-situ surface water at the water level. This prevents water from other depths from mixing into the sampling chamber 22 during equipment lifting, thus avoiding sample contamination and ensuring the accuracy of the surface water sample's stratum.

[0038] Specifically, the sliding cover 26 is implemented by a sliding column 27 set in the sampling chamber 22, and the corresponding sliding cover 26 is provided with a sliding hole; the top of the sliding column 27 can be provided with a baffle 270.

[0039] Two sets of water inlet holes and buoyancy levers 23 are symmetrically arranged.

[0040] Furthermore, the power arm corresponding to the float 24 in the buoyancy lever 23 is greater than the resistance arm corresponding to the sliding cover 26.

[0041] In the buoyancy lever 23, the length of the power arm corresponding to the end where the float 24 is located is greater than the length of the resistance arm corresponding to the end of the sliding cover 26. That is, the vertical distance from the line of action of the force of the float 24 to the fulcrum of the buoyancy lever 23 is greater than the vertical distance from the line of action of the force of the sliding cover 26 to the fulcrum of the buoyancy lever 23. According to the lever torque balance principle, the buoyancy lever 23 only requires a small buoyancy force from the float 24 to generate sufficient downward pressure to drive the sliding cover 26 to complete the seal. This improves the trigger sensitivity of the inlet 25 closure, ensuring that the sampling chamber 22 can quickly respond and complete the seal when the water level reaches the preset height. It also reduces the volume of the float 24 and the amount of liquid discharged, optimizes the overall structural dimensions of the float sampler 2, and reduces the disturbance amplitude of the water column in the hole during the equipment lowering process.

[0042] Meanwhile, the force amplification effect of the buoyancy lever 23 can offset adverse factors such as frictional resistance and water flow impact resistance between the sliding cover 26 and the cavity wall, ensuring reliable sealing under complex water flow conditions such as turbulence and water level fluctuations, and improving the environmental adaptability of the equipment.

[0043] Furthermore, the bottom of the float sampler 2 is provided with a limiting cone hole 28, and the top of the underwater sampling mechanism 3 is provided with a limiting cone 31.

[0044] A limiting cone hole 28 is provided at the bottom center of the float sampler 2. The diameter of the limiting cone hole 28 gradually increases downward along the axial direction to form an inner cone-shaped mating surface.

[0045] A limiting cone 31 is provided at the top center of the underwater sampling mechanism 3. The outer diameter of the cone gradually decreases upward along the axial direction to form an outer conical mating surface that matches the taper of the limiting cone hole 28.

[0046] When the winding mechanism 1 drives the rope 10 to rise and the underwater sampling mechanism 3 moves upward to the bottom of the float sampler 2, the limiting cone 31 first embeds into the limiting cone hole 28. Through the self-centering effect of the cone surface, the underwater sampling mechanism 3 and the float sampler 2 automatically complete coaxial alignment, avoiding radial offset and hard collision between the two.

[0047] The conical limiting structure can limit the relative position of the float sampler 2 and the underwater sampling mechanism 3 during the lifting process, preventing the float sampler 2 from swaying significantly along the rope 10 and causing water sample leakage. On the other hand, it can ensure the axial coaxiality of the two, providing a precise position reference for the subsequent auxiliary sealing structure and ensuring the stability of the auxiliary sealing effect. In addition, when the equipment is lowered, the limiting cone 31 can also form a bottom limiting block for the float sampler 2, preventing the float sampler 2 from slipping off the bottom of the rope 10.

[0048] Furthermore, the sliding cover 26 is magnetic; The top of the underwater sampling mechanism 3 is provided with an annular permanent magnet ring 32; the annular permanent magnet ring 32 and the sliding cover 26 have magnetic attraction; There is always a clearance gap between the sliding cover 26 and the annular permanent magnet ring 32.

[0049] The sliding cover 26 has magnetic properties and can be made of magnetic material in one piece, or a permanent magnet can be embedded in the bottom; the top end face of the underwater sampling mechanism 3 is provided with an annular permanent magnet ring 32, and the position of the annular permanent magnet ring 32 corresponds vertically to the position of the sliding cover 26.

[0050] After the limiting cone 31 and the limiting cone hole 28 are engaged and limited, a stable axial gap is maintained between the annular permanent magnet ring 32 and the sliding cover 26, i.e., the clearance and attraction gap. The two never make direct mechanical contact. At the same time, the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet ring 32 can apply an axial magnetic attraction force to the sliding cover 26.

[0051] The magnetic attraction acts on the sliding cover 26, forming a pressing force towards the sealing position of the inlet 25. Together with the downward pressure of the buoyancy lever 23, it forms a double sealing system, further improving the sealing reliability of the inlet 25 and preventing the sliding cover 26 from being accidentally opened due to water flow impact or equipment shaking during the equipment lifting process.

[0052] The design of the clearance gap ensures the effective use of magnetic attraction while avoiding hard collisions and wear between the sliding cover 26 and the annular permanent magnet ring 32, thus extending the service life of the sealing structure. At the same time, the non-contact magnetic assisted sealing does not require ultra-high precision mechanical matching, reducing the difficulty of processing and assembling parts. Most importantly, it can prevent the annular permanent magnet ring 32 from interfering with the sliding cover 26, i.e., from contacting the sliding cover 26 and pushing it up.

[0053] The clearance for suction can be achieved through this structure: the thickness of the effective sealing part of the sliding cover 26 is thinner than the axial thickness of the inlet 25.

[0054] Furthermore, the underwater sampling mechanism 3 includes a mounting plate 30, a sampling sleeve, a counterweight 33, and a counterweight 33 disposed below the mounting plate 30; The sampling sleeve includes an outer sleeve 350 and a piston that is movably disposed inside the sleeve 350. The sleeve 350 is mounted on a first connecting rod 352 below the mounting plate 30, and the piston is slidably mounted on a second connecting rod 353 below the mounting plate 30. The piston is provided with a piston rod 351, and the piston rod 351 is provided with a rack. The rack meshes with the gear 340 of the electric mechanism 34 below the mounting plate 30.

[0055] The underwater sampling mechanism 3 mainly consists of a mounting plate 30, a sampling sleeve, a counterweight 33, and an electric mechanism 34. The mounting plate 30 is located at the top of the underwater sampling mechanism 3, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the rope 10. It also serves as the mounting base for the limiting cone 31 and the annular permanent magnet ring 32.

[0056] The counterweight 33 is located in the lower part of the underwater sampling mechanism 3 to provide sufficient downward force for the equipment, overcome the buoyancy of the water and the resistance of the water flow, and ensure that the equipment can be lowered vertically along the borehole to the target depth.

[0057] The sampling sleeve includes an externally fixed sleeve 350 and an internally movable piston. The sleeve 350 is fixedly suspended below the mounting plate 30 by a first connecting rod 352. The piston is slidably sleeved on a second connecting rod 353. The second connecting rod 353 is axially fixed below the mounting plate 30 parallel to the sleeve 350, providing guide support for the reciprocating sliding of the piston.

[0058] A piston rod 351 extends from the piston, and a rack is mounted on the piston rod 351. An electric mechanism 34 is fixedly mounted below the mounting plate 30, and the output gear 340 of the electric mechanism 34 meshes with the rack.

[0059] During operation, the electric mechanism 34 outputs rotational power, which drives the rack to rotate through the meshing transmission of the gear 340 and the rack. The rack and the piston rod 351 are connected by a threaded transmission pair to convert the rotational motion into the axial linear motion of the piston rod 351, which in turn drives the piston to slide upward along the inner wall of the sleeve 350, creating a negative pressure environment inside the sleeve 350, drawing deep groundwater into the sleeve 350, and completing the quantitative collection of deep water samples.

[0060] This piston-type sampling structure can precisely control the piston stroke by controlling the number of rotations of the electric mechanism 34, thereby accurately controlling the sampling volume and ensuring strong controllability of sampling accuracy. At the same time, the "vacuum" seal between the sleeve 350 and the piston can effectively isolate external water bodies, ensuring that the collected deep water samples are not contaminated by water bodies in other layers, and have strong in-situ representativeness.

[0061] The counterweight 33 is connected to the mounting plate 30 via the third connecting rod 332. Furthermore, an eccentric adjustment assembly is provided between the sampling sleeve and the counterweight 33. The eccentric adjustment assembly includes an abutment frame 4000, a fixed plate 42, and an adjustment frame 4400. The fixed plate 42 is hinged with a ball joint and a hinge rod 43 that runs through it from top to bottom. The center ball joint of the abutment frame 4000 is hinged to the upper end of the hinge rod 43, and the ball joint of the adjusting frame 4400 is hinged to the lower end of the hinge rod 43. The abutment frame 4000 includes a plurality of abutment rods 40 spaced apart circumferentially. The end of the abutment rod 40 facing away from the center is provided with a first roller 400. The abutment rod 40 is connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate 42 by a first spring 41. The adjustment frame 4400 includes a plurality of adjustment rods 44 spaced apart circumferentially. The end of the adjustment rod 44 facing away from the center is provided with a second roller 45. The adjustment rod 44 is connected to the lower wall of the fixed plate 42 by a second spring 46. The length of the abutment rod 40 is greater than the length of the adjusting rod 44.

[0062] An eccentric adjustment component is provided between the sampling sleeve and the counterweight 33 to automatically adjust the radial position of the underwater sampling mechanism 3, so that the equipment is always kept in the center area of ​​the borehole and to avoid jamming and uneven wear.

[0063] The eccentric adjustment assembly includes an abutment frame 4000, a fixed plate 42, and an adjustment frame 4400. The fixed plate 42 serves as a fixed base and is coaxially connected to the lower part of the sampling sleeve via a fourth connecting rod 420. A hinge rod 43, which runs through the top and bottom of the fixed plate 42, is installed at the center of the fixed plate 42 via a ball joint structure. The hinge rod 43 can swing in multiple directions around the ball joint.

[0064] The center of the abutment frame 4000 is hinged to the upper end of the hinge rod 43 via a ball joint, and the center of the adjusting frame 4400 is hinged to the lower end of the hinge rod 43 via a ball joint. The abutment frame 4000 includes multiple abutment rods 40 evenly spaced along the circumference. Each abutment rod 40 has a first roller 400 installed at its end facing away from the center. The rod body of the abutment rod 40 is connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate 42 by a first spring 41, which is used to maintain the balance of the abutment frame 4000.

[0065] The adjustment frame 4400 includes multiple adjustment rods 44 evenly spaced along the circumference. Each adjustment rod 44 has a second roller 45 installed at its off-center end. The rod body of the adjustment rod 44 is connected to the lower wall of the fixed plate 42 by a second spring 46, which is used to ensure the balance of the adjustment frame 4400.

[0066] The length of the abutment rod 40 is greater than the length of the adjusting rod 44, making the roller distribution diameter of the upper abutment frame 4000 greater than that of the lower adjusting frame 4400. When the equipment is radially offset, the abutment rod 40 on the offset side is subjected to abutment centripetal movement, which makes the adjusting rod 44 in the adjusting frame 4400 more inclined to move on the offset side, thereby abutting against the well wall and preventing the entire equipment from excessively abutting against the well wall. Then, under the action of the first spring 41 and the second spring 46, adaptive reset is performed, thereby achieving correction.

[0067] Furthermore, a counterweight adjustment block 47 is provided at the bottom of the adjustment frame 4400; The counterweight block 33 has a clearance hole 331 at its center, and the counterweight adjustment block 47 is suspended in the clearance hole 331.

[0068] A counterweight adjustment block 47 is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the adjustment frame 4400. An axially penetrating clearance hole 331 is opened at the center of the counterweight block 33. The counterweight adjustment block 47 is suspended in the internal space of the clearance hole 331, with sufficient swing clearance between it and the hole wall of the counterweight block 33, so that it does not make mechanical contact with the counterweight block 33.

[0069] The weight of the counterweight adjustment block 47 is transmitted to the entire eccentric adjustment assembly through the adjustment frame 4400 and the hinge rod 43, which can lower the overall center of gravity of the underwater sampling mechanism 3, improve the vertical stability of the equipment underwater, and reduce the impact of water flow fluctuations and descent impact on the attitude of the equipment. At the same time, when the equipment tilts, the suspended counterweight adjustment block 47 generates a restoring torque under the action of gravity, which drives the adjustment frame 4400 and the hinge rod 43 to swing synchronously, assisting the eccentric adjustment assembly to complete automatic centering. It complements the spring force centering of the first spring 41 and the second spring 46, further improving the centering capability of the equipment.

[0070] The design of the clearance hole 331 provides ample swing space for the counterweight adjustment block 47, preventing it from interfering with or getting stuck with the counterweight block 33 when it swings with the adjustment frame 4400. At the same time, it does not require additional radial dimensions of the equipment, ensuring that the equipment can be adapted to drill holes with smaller inner diameters.

[0071] On the other hand, a high-precision method for hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey is also provided, which is implemented using the aforementioned survey equipment, including: Step 1: The rope 10, equipped with the underwater sampling mechanism 3 and the floating sampler, is lowered into the borehole through the winding mechanism 1; Step 2: When the water level contact sensor detects the first electrical signal, raise rope 10 and lower rope 10 again. When the electrical signal is detected again, confirm the actual water surface position and record the length of rope 10 at this time. Calculate the absolute water level elevation by combining the elevation of the wellhead reference point. Step 3: Continue to lower rope 10. The underwater sampling mechanism 3 enters below the water surface, while the float sampler 2 floats above the water surface due to the buoyancy of the water. Under the action of its own weight, the lower end of the buoyancy rod naturally moves away from the sliding cover 26. At this time, the water flow naturally enters the sampling chamber 22 through the inlet 25. As the amount of water in the sampling chamber 22 increases, the float 24 rises under the action of buoyancy, and the lower end of the buoyancy rod presses down on the sliding cover 26 to achieve closure. Step four: The electric mechanism 34 drives the piston to draw water from the lower layer to achieve water extraction; Step 5: The winding mechanism 1 rises. When passing over the water surface, the limiting cone hole 28 and the limiting cone platform 31 cooperate to achieve the limiting. The permanent magnet ring and the sliding cover 26 generate magnetic attraction to ensure the sealing of the water inlet hole.

[0072] This high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey method is implemented using the above-mentioned survey equipment. The specific operation process and working principle are as follows: First, the rope 10 of the assembled underwater sampling mechanism 3 and floating sampler 2 is installed to the winding mechanism 1. The equipment is lowered into the borehole at a uniform speed through the winding mechanism 1, and the equipment is put into the well in one go, reducing the operation procedures and time consumption.

[0073] During the equipment lowering process, when the water level contact sensor first contacts the water surface and outputs an electrical signal, the winding mechanism 1 controls the rope 10 to rise slightly. After the sensor signal disappears, the rope 10 is slowly and uniformly lowered. When the sensor detects the water contact electrical signal again, the position is determined to be the actual water surface position. The lowering length of the rope 10 at this time is recorded. Combined with the elevation data of the wellhead reference point, the absolute elevation of the water level can be calculated. This measurement method of secondary water contact confirmation can eliminate measurement errors caused by factors such as water surface fluctuations, sensor response delays, and rope 10 deformation, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of water level measurement.

[0074] After confirming the water level, rope 10 is lowered further, and underwater sampling mechanism 3 is submerged below the water surface along with rope 10. Floating sampler 2 floats on the surface under buoyancy. At this time, the bottom of buoyancy lever 23 rises under its own weight, and sliding cover 26 is in the open state. Surface groundwater flows naturally into sampling chamber 22 through inlet 25. As the water volume in sampling chamber 22 gradually increases, float 24 rises under buoyancy, causing buoyancy lever 23 to rotate and press down sliding cover 26, ultimately automatically closing inlet 25 and completing the in-situ collection of surface water samples.

[0075] Once the underwater sampling mechanism 3 reaches the target deep aquifer depth, the electric mechanism 34 is activated to drive the piston to slide within the sleeve 350. Through negative pressure suction, deep groundwater samples at that depth are collected, achieving stratified sampling. After sampling, the winding mechanism 1 drives the rope 10 to rise at a constant speed. When the underwater sampling mechanism 3 reaches the bottom of the floating sampler 2 at the water surface, the limiting cone hole 28 and the limiting cone platform 31 cooperate to achieve coaxial positioning. Simultaneously, a magnetic attraction is generated between the annular permanent magnet ring 32 and the sliding cover 26, assisting in pressing the sliding cover 26 to enhance the sealing effect. This ensures that both surface and deep water samples remain sealed during the lifting process, preventing water mixing between layers. Finally, the entire equipment is lifted to the ground, completing all survey operations.

[0076] This method enables high-precision water level measurement and in-situ collection of multiple water samples to be completed simultaneously in a single well run, ensuring the time synchronization and stratigraphic correspondence of water level and water quality data, and effectively improving the efficiency and data quality of multi-layer groundwater exploration.

[0077] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level surveying device, characterized in that, include: A winding mechanism (1) is used to lower and raise the rope (10). A floating sampler (2) is fitted onto the rope (10) and is used to sample surface water of groundwater. An underwater sampling mechanism (3) is located at the bottom of the rope (10); A water level contact sensor is installed on the underwater sampling mechanism (3) to output a water contact signal.

2. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The float sampler (2) is annular with a through hole (29) in the middle for the rope (10) to pass through; the float sampler (2) includes a buoyancy storage chamber (20) located above and a sampling chamber (22) located below. The float sampler (2) has an inlet (25) connected to the sampling chamber (22) below it. The buoyancy storage chamber (20) has a connecting pipe (21) for balancing air pressure inside it. The connecting pipe (21) connects the buoyancy storage chamber (20) and the outside of the float sampler (2).

3. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, A sliding cover (26) is provided on the inner wall of the water inlet cavity corresponding to the water inlet (25); when the sliding cover (26) slides up, the water inlet (25) opens, and vice versa. The sampling chamber (22) is provided with a buoyancy lever (23) inside, and a float (24) is provided on the top of the buoyancy lever (23). The buoyancy lever (23) is configured to close the sliding cover (26) by pressing down its bottom when the float (24) is floated by the water.

4. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power arm corresponding to the float (24) in the buoyancy lever (23) is greater than the resistance arm corresponding to the sliding cover (26).

5. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the float sampler (2) is provided with a limiting cone hole (28), and the top of the underwater sampling mechanism (3) is provided with a limiting cone (31).

6. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sliding cover (26) is magnetic; The underwater sampling mechanism (3) is provided with an annular permanent magnet ring (32) at the top; the annular permanent magnet ring (32) and the sliding cover (26) have magnetic attraction; There is always a clearance gap between the sliding cover (26) and the annular permanent magnet ring (32).

7. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The underwater sampling mechanism (3) includes a mounting plate (30), a sampling sleeve and a counterweight (33), and a counterweight (33) disposed below the mounting plate (30). The sampling sleeve includes an outer sleeve (350) and a piston movably disposed inside the sleeve (350). The sleeve (350) is mounted on a first connecting rod (352) below the mounting plate (30), and the piston is slidably mounted on a second connecting rod (353) below the mounting plate (30). The piston is provided with a piston rod (351), and the piston rod (351) is provided with a rack, which meshes with the gear (340) of the electric mechanism (34) below the mounting plate (30).

8. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, An eccentric adjustment assembly is provided between the sampling sleeve and the counterweight (33), the eccentric adjustment assembly including an abutment frame (4000), a fixing plate (42) and an adjustment frame (4400). The fixed plate (42) is hinged with a ball joint and a hinge rod (43) that runs through it from top to bottom. The center ball joint of the abutment frame (4000) is hinged to the upper end of the hinge rod (43), and the ball joint of the adjustment frame (4400) is hinged to the lower end of the hinge rod (43). The abutment frame (4000) includes a plurality of abutment rods (40) spaced apart circumferentially. The end of the abutment rod (40) facing away from the center is provided with a first roller (400). The abutment rod (40) is connected to the upper wall of the fixed plate (42) by a first spring (41). The adjustment frame (4400) includes a plurality of adjustment rods (44) spaced apart circumferentially. The end of the adjustment rod (44) facing away from the center is provided with a second roller (45). The adjustment rod (44) is connected to the lower wall of the fixed plate (42) by a second spring (46). The length of the abutment rod (40) is greater than the length of the adjusting rod (44).

9. The high-precision hydrogeological multi-layer groundwater level survey equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the adjustment frame (4400) is provided with a counterweight adjustment block (47). The counterweight (33) has a clearance hole (331) at its center, and the counterweight adjustment block (47) is suspended in the clearance hole (331).

10. A high-precision method for multi-layer groundwater level survey in hydrogeology, characterized in that, Implemented using the surveying equipment described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising: Step 1: The rope (10) equipped with the underwater sampling mechanism (3) and the floating sampler is lowered into the borehole through the winding mechanism (1); Step 2: When the water level contact sensor detects the first electrical signal, raise the rope (10) and lower the rope (10) again. When the electrical signal is detected again, confirm the actual water surface position and record the length of the rope (10) at this time. Combine the elevation of the wellhead reference point to calculate the absolute elevation of the water level. Step 3: Continue to lower the rope (10), the underwater sampling mechanism (3) enters below the water surface, and the float sampler (2) floats above the water surface due to the buoyancy of the water. Under the action of its own weight, the lower end of the buoyancy rod naturally moves away from the sliding cover (26). At this time, the water flow naturally enters the sampling chamber (22) through the inlet (25). As the water volume in the sampling chamber (22) increases, the float (24) rises under the action of buoyancy, and the lower end of the buoyancy rod presses down on the sliding cover (26) to achieve closure. Step four: The electric mechanism (34) drives the piston to draw water from the lower layer to achieve water extraction; Step 5, the winding mechanism (1) rises. When passing the water surface, the limiting cone hole (28) and the limiting cone platform (31) cooperate to achieve the limiting. The permanent magnet ring and the sliding cover (26) generate magnetic attraction to ensure the sealing of the water inlet hole.

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