Hydraulic loading test device for rotary reducer and method of using same

Abstract

The present application relates to rotary speed reducer loading test technical field, disclose a kind of hydraulic loading test device of rotary speed reducer and its use method, including fixed frame, adjustment module, positioning buffer module, hydraulic test module and hydraulic control system, hydraulic test module sets up side top, axial, side pull three hydraulic cylinders, axial load and overturning moment can be separately or synchronously applied, also can realize load stepless continuous regulation, adjustment module uses coaxial rotation upper and lower connecting plate, cooperate annular groove and positioning structure to realize full circumferential angle adjustment and quick positioning, positioning buffer module is built-in elastic buffer structure, can absorb the circumferential impact of start and load mutation, the whole structure of the present application is compact, load can be stepless continuously regulated, can complete reproduction real situation compound stress working condition, solve the problem that traditional counterweight type device occupies large area, operation is complicated, axial load cannot be independently applied, improve test efficiency and test accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rotary reducer loading test technology, and in particular to a hydraulic loading test device for rotary reducers and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Slewing reducers are core transmission components for slewing operations in fields such as engineering machinery, mining equipment, and wind power equipment. During operation, they must simultaneously bear the combined effects of axial load, overturning moment, and transmission torque. Their load-bearing performance and operational reliability directly determine the operational safety and service life of the entire machine. Load testing is a core process in the research and development verification and factory inspection of slewing reducers. As industrial equipment continues to develop towards heavy-duty and high-precision directions, the industry has put forward higher requirements for the load control accuracy, working condition reproduction, and testing efficiency of testing equipment.

[0003] Currently, the loading test of rotary reducers mainly uses a counterweight loading scheme, but improved forms of hydraulic loading are gradually emerging. Among them, the utility model patent with publication number CN224109058U discloses a rotary reducer overturning moment testing device with adjustable torque. The device fixes the rotary reducer to be tested on the operating platform, and the output end of the reducer is connected to a horizontally arranged boom. The force is applied by the vertically set lifting push rod below the boom, thereby providing the overturning moment for the rotary reducer. The drive of the reducer can complete the load-bearing performance test. Compared with the traditional counterweight structure, the space occupied by the device is reduced to a certain extent.

[0004] However, existing loading devices still have several prominent defects: First, the load coverage is insufficient, only able to apply a single overturning moment, unable to independently output pure axial load, and unable to accurately and synchronously control the composite loading of axial load and overturning moment, unable to fully reproduce the composite force conditions of the actual operation of the rotary reducer, and the load adjustment gradient is limited, unable to achieve stepless continuous control, the test results deviate significantly from the actual working conditions, and the test accuracy is insufficient; Second, the circumferential test range is limited, unable to achieve rapid adjustment and locking of the 360° full circumferential test angle, can only complete the loading test in a fixed direction, unable to cover the force detection requirements of the full circumferential rotation of the rotary reducer, the angle adjustment operation is cumbersome and the positioning is time-consuming; Third, the impact resistance is poor, the loading connection part is a rigid fit structure, the circumferential impact generated when the reducer starts and the load changes will be directly transmitted to the hydraulic actuator and frame, which can easily cause problems such as push rod deformation and seal failure, the components wear out quickly, and the overall service life of the device is short. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer and its method of use, in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer, used for testing the rotary reducer, comprising a fixed frame, an adjustment module, a positioning buffer module, a hydraulic test module, and a hydraulic control system;

[0007] A rotary reducer is fixedly installed at the upper end of the fixed frame, with the output end of the rotary reducer facing downwards. A rotary bearing is fixedly installed at the lower end of the fixed frame, and a transition plate is fixedly installed on the inner ring of the rotary bearing.

[0008] The adjustment module includes an upper connecting plate and a lower connecting plate. The upper connecting plate of the adjustment module is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary reducer. The upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate are coaxially rotated together. The lower connecting plate is annular. An annular sliding groove is coaxially formed on the upper surface of the lower connecting plate. An outer limiting ring and an inner limiting ring are set above the sliding groove. Multiple arc-shaped positioning grooves are evenly formed in a circular array below the outer limiting ring and the inner limiting ring. A sliding gap is set between the outer limiting ring and the inner limiting ring. The sliding gap and the sliding groove together form an inverted "T"-shaped annular groove.

[0009] The positioning buffer module is set between the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate. The positioning buffer module includes multiple adjusting bolts. The adjusting bolts are threaded with the upper connecting plate. The tail end of the adjusting bolt passes through the sliding gap and is set in the sliding groove. A snap-fit ​​block is fixedly set at the tail end of the adjusting bolt. A buffer block is set in the positioning groove. The lower surface of the buffer block is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove that matches the snap-fit ​​block. The snap-fit ​​block slides with the sliding groove.

[0010] The hydraulic test module (4) is fixedly mounted on the transition plate. The hydraulic test module (4) includes a hydraulic cylinder (41) that applies a thrust or pull force to the lower connecting plate.

[0011] The hydraulic testing module is connected to the hydraulic control system via pipelines.

[0012] Furthermore: multiple outer positioning notches are evenly provided along the circumference of the inner ring of the lower surface of the outer limiting ring, and multiple inner positioning notches corresponding to the positions of the outer positioning notches are evenly provided along the circumference of the outer ring of the lower surface of the inner limiting ring. Each outer positioning notch and the corresponding inner positioning notch together form a positioning groove.

[0013] Furthermore: the buffer block is slidably engaged with the positioning groove. The buffer block includes two sliders that are slidably engaged with the outer positioning notch and the inner positioning notch, respectively. Both ends of the two sliders of the buffer block are provided with elastic elements. One end of the elastic element is fixedly connected to one end of the buffer block, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning groove.

[0014] The snap-fit ​​block is a truncated cone with an upward-sloping surface, and the snap-fit ​​groove is a truncated cone with an arc-shaped groove.

[0015] Furthermore: the adjusting bolt has a clockwise threaded area on the side near the head and a counterclockwise threaded area at the tail end. The upper connecting plate has multiple threaded adjusting holes. The clockwise threaded area of ​​the adjusting bolt is threadedly engaged with the adjusting hole. A threaded hole is provided at the center of the upper end face of the snap-fit ​​block. The counterclockwise threaded area of ​​the adjusting bolt is threadedly fixed to the snap-fit ​​block.

[0016] Furthermore: the fixed frame includes a top plate, a top ring, a bottom ring, and multiple channel steels. The multiple channel steels are arranged vertically below the top plate in a circumferential array. The upper end of each channel steel is fixedly connected to the top ring, and the lower end of each channel steel is fixedly connected to the bottom ring. The top plate is fixedly connected to the top ring, the outer ring of the slewing bearing is fixed on the bottom ring, and the fixed end of the slewing reducer is fixedly installed at the center position of the lower surface of the top plate.

[0017] The hydraulic test module includes three hydraulic cylinders arranged in a linear array. The hydraulic cylinders are all mounted on the transition plate. The three hydraulic cylinders are divided into a side-top hydraulic cylinder, an axial hydraulic cylinder, and a side-pull hydraulic cylinder. The axial hydraulic cylinder is located at the center of the transition plate. The side-top hydraulic cylinder and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial hydraulic cylinder. The output ends of the side-top hydraulic cylinder and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder are fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate. The output end of the axial hydraulic cylinder passes through the lower connecting plate and abuts against the lower surface of the upper connecting plate. The lower end of each hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the transition plate.

[0018] Furthermore: a hydraulic rotary joint is provided at the center of the lower surface of the transition plate, and an oil circuit divider is provided at the head of the hydraulic rotary joint. The hydraulic rotary joint is fixedly connected to the transition plate through the oil circuit divider. The oil circuit divider divides out multiple hydraulic pipes, which are respectively connected to three hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic rotary joint is connected to the hydraulic control system.

[0019] Furthermore: the rotary reducer includes a housing, within which a worm and a worm wheel are rotatably mounted, meshing and driving each other. An inner rotating wheel is fixedly connected inside the housing, with a raceway between the inner rotating wheel and the worm wheel containing multiple balls. A transition disc is fixedly connected to the end of the worm wheel facing outward from the housing. A connecting frame is provided below the rotary reducer, with the transition disc fixedly connected to the connecting frame. The housing and the inner rotating wheel of the rotary reducer are both fixedly connected to a top plate. The rotary reducer is fixedly connected to an upper connecting plate via the connecting frame. A hydraulic motor is provided at the end of the worm, and the hydraulic motor is connected to a hydraulic control system.

[0020] Furthermore, guide components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder. The guide components include guide rods and guide sleeves. The guide rods are fixedly connected to the transition plate, and the guide sleeves are fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate. The guide rods and guide sleeves are slidably engaged.

[0021] Furthermore: the channel steel is rotatably connected to a locking bolt on the side near the top, and the top plate and the top ring are both provided with locking grooves with radially outward openings. The locking bolts are slidably engaged with the locking grooves, and locking nuts are threaded onto the locking bolts.

[0022] The top plate has multiple reinforcing ribs arranged in a circular array on its upper surface, and the reinforcing ribs are radially distributed. Multiple supporting feet are fixedly installed below the bottom ring, and the supporting feet are arranged in a circular array.

[0023] A method for using a hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Loosen the fastener between the top plate and the top ring, and remove the top plate from the top of the device;

[0025] S2: Fix the rotary reducer to be tested at the center of the upper connecting plate surface;

[0026] S3: Replace the top plate on top of the device and secure the top ring to the top plate.

[0027] S4: Fix the rotary reducer to the center position of the lower surface of the top plate;

[0028] S5: Tighten the adjusting bolt to move the locking block away from the current positioning slot until the locking block moves downward into the sliding slot;

[0029] S6: Lower the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder so that it does not contact the lower surface of the upper connecting plate, and then rotate the lower connecting plate to a certain angle. At this time, the locking block slides in the sliding groove until the locking block is aligned with the next positioning groove.

[0030] S7: Tighten the adjusting bolt to move the snap-fit ​​block upward and into the new positioning groove until the snap-fit ​​block snaps into the snap-fit ​​groove of the buffer block in the positioning groove.

[0031] S8: Raise the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder to abut the lower surface of the upper connecting plate, then start the axial hydraulic cylinder, side-top hydraulic cylinder and side-pull hydraulic cylinder to apply axial load and overturning moment to the rotary reducer individually or simultaneously. The hydraulic control system automatically controls the loading according to the preset pressure to test the load on the rotary reducer, and start the rotary reducer to test the rotation of the rotary reducer when it is under axial load and overturning moment. When the rotary reducer starts to rotate, the adjusting bolt in the positioning groove corresponding to the locking block drives the buffer block to slide a certain distance to one side.

[0032] S9: After completing the test at this angle, shut down the hydraulic test module and the rotary reducer, and then repeat the above operations S5-S8 until the test of each circumferential angle of the rotary reducer is completed.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The system employs an axial hydraulic cylinder, a side-top hydraulic cylinder, and a side-pull hydraulic cylinder, along with an independently controlled hydraulic control system. This system can apply axial loads and overturning moments to the rotary reducer individually or simultaneously. The load can be continuously adjusted steplessly, fully replicating real-world composite stress conditions. Compared to traditional counterweight loading devices, this system reduces the floor space required and allows for multi-gradient loading tests without disassembling or adjusting the counterweight, effectively improving test efficiency and load control accuracy.

[0035] 2. The upper and lower connecting plates are set up with coaxial rotational fit, and with the inverted T-shaped ring groove, circumferential array positioning groove and adjusting bolt structure with snap-fit ​​block, it can realize 360° full circumferential angle adjustment and quick locking, covering the full circumferential test angle requirements; the positioning groove is equipped with a buffer block with elastic element, which can absorb the circumferential impact when the rotary reducer starts and the load changes suddenly, avoids the rigid impact from being directly transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder and other components, reduces the risk of component damage, and extends the service life of the device.

[0036] 3. The fixed frame adopts a circumferential array of channel steel in conjunction with the top and bottom rings to form an integral load-bearing structure. The load is evenly distributed, and the frame has strong resistance to deformation and structural stability. The transition plate rotates with the bottom ring through a slewing bearing, and is equipped with a bottom hydraulic rotary joint and oil circuit distributor. This ensures smooth and unobstructed rotation under heavy loads and solves the problem of hydraulic pipeline entanglement during test rotation, achieving stable oil circuit connection at any circumferential angle. The hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a guide component to ensure accurate loading force direction, improving loading operation stability and test result accuracy.

[0037] 4. The top plate adopts a quick-connect structure with locking bolts and locking grooves, which makes disassembly and assembly convenient and simplifies the assembly and disassembly process of the rotary reducer to be tested. It is equipped with an adaptable connecting frame structure that can match rotary reducers of different specifications, thus improving the universality and adaptability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the invention from a top view.

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the invention from a lower viewpoint;

[0041] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A sectional view along the middle aa direction;

[0044] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section C;

[0045] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section D;

[0046] Figure 9 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section E in the middle;

[0047] Figure 10 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section F in the middle;

[0048] Figure 11 for Figure 5 A sectional view along the middle (bb) direction;

[0049] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of section M;

[0050] Figure 13 The top view of the exploded view of the adjustment module and positioning buffer module structure;

[0051] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of section N;

[0052] Figure 15 To adjust the bottom view of the exploded view of the module and positioning buffer module structure;

[0053] Figure 16 for Figure 15 Enlarged view of section P in the middle;

[0054] Figure 17 A cross-sectional view of the positioning buffer module;

[0055] Figure 18 The top view of the schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the buffer block, the snap-fit ​​block, the adjusting bolt, and the elastic element;

[0056] Figure 19 The bottom view of the schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the buffer block, the snap-fit ​​block, the adjusting bolt, and the elastic element;

[0057] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the outer limiting ring.

[0058] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the inner limiting ring.

[0059] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning buffer module when it is in the angle adjustment state.

[0060] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic control system.

[0061] Figure 24 This is a system diagram of hydraulic pumps and valves in a hydraulic control system.

[0062] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic loading test for a rotary reducer.

[0063] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0064] 1. Fixed frame; 11. Top plate; 111. Reinforcing rib; 112. Top ring; 113. Locking groove; 12. Channel steel; 121. Locking bolt; 122. Locking nut; 13. Bottom ring; 14. Support foot; 15. Slewing bearing; 151. Outer rotating ring; 152. Inner rotating ring; 16. Transition plate; 2. Adjustment module; 21. Upper connecting plate; 211. Adjusting hole; 22. Lower connecting plate; 221. Outer limiting ring; 222. Inner limiting ring; 223. Sliding groove; 224. Sliding clearance; 23. Positioning groove; 231. Outer positioning notch; 232. Inner positioning notch; 3. Positioning buffer module; 31. Adjusting bolt; 311. Locking block; 312. Clockwise threaded area; 313. Counterclockwise threaded area; 32. Buffer block 321. Snap-fit ​​groove; 33. Elastic element; 4. Hydraulic test module; 41. Hydraulic cylinder; 411. Side-top hydraulic cylinder; 412. Axial hydraulic cylinder; 413. Side-pull hydraulic cylinder; 42. Guide assembly; 421. Guide rod; 422. Guide sleeve; 43. Hydraulic rotary joint; 431. Oil circuit divider; 432. Hydraulic pipe; 5. Hydraulic control system; 51. Electrical contact pressure gauge; 52. Cartridge solenoid valve; 53. Stacked hydraulic lock; 54. Throttle valve; 55. Solenoid directional valve; 56. Stacked relief valve; 57. Hydraulic pump; 58. Suction filter; 6. Rotary reducer; 61. Housing; 62. Inner rotating wheel; 63. Worm gear; 631. Hydraulic motor; 64. Worm wheel; 65. Transition plate; 66. Connecting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] A hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer 6 is provided for testing the rotary reducer 6. It can simulate the axial load and overturning moment experienced by the rotary reducer 6 under actual working conditions, and comprehensively verify its load-bearing performance and operational reliability.

[0068] This device includes a fixed frame 1, an adjustment module 2, a positioning buffer module 3, a hydraulic test module 4, and a hydraulic control system 5.

[0069] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fixed frame 1 includes a top plate 11, a top ring 112, a bottom ring 13, and multiple channel steels 12. The multiple channel steels 12 are arranged vertically and evenly in a circular array below the top plate 11. This circular array arrangement can evenly distribute the test load borne by the top plate 11, effectively improving the overall deformation resistance and structural stability of the frame. The upper end of each channel steel 12 is fixedly connected to the top ring 112, and the lower end of each channel steel 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom ring 13. The top ring 112 and the bottom ring 13 connect the dispersed channel steels 12 into an integral load-bearing structure, significantly improving the overall strength of the fixed frame 1. The top plate 11 is fixedly connected to the top ring 112, and a transition plate 16 is provided below the top plate 11. Figure 10 As shown, a slewing bearing 15 is provided between the transition plate 16 and the bottom ring 13. The transition plate 16 and the bottom ring 13 are coaxially rotated through the slewing bearing 15. The slewing bearing 15 adopts a rolling friction structure, which can ensure that the transition plate 16 rotates flexibly and smoothly while bearing heavy reaction forces, and avoids rotation jamming during the test. The fixed end of the slewing reducer 6 is fixedly installed at the center position of the lower surface of the top plate 11, ensuring that the force center of the slewing reducer 6 is completely coincident with the rotation center of the device, and avoiding additional eccentric load interference with the test.

[0070] like Figure 6 As shown, the adjustment module 2 is fixedly connected to the output end of the lower surface of the rotary reducer 6, and is used to adjust the circumferential angle of the test, covering the actual force direction of the rotary reducer 6 one revolution. The adjustment module 2 includes an upper connecting plate 21 and a lower connecting plate 22. The upper connecting plate 21 and the lower connecting plate 22 are coaxially rotated to achieve relative rotation between the upper and lower connecting plates and quickly switch between different test angles.

[0071] like Figure 13As shown, the lower connecting plate 22 is annular, and an annular sliding groove 223 is coaxially formed on the upper surface of the lower connecting plate 22. The annular structure is adapted to the circumferential rotation requirement. An outer limiting ring 221 and an inner limiting ring 222 are provided above the sliding groove 223. Multiple arc-shaped positioning grooves 23 are evenly formed in a circular array below the outer limiting ring 221 and the inner limiting ring 222. A sliding gap 224 is provided between the outer limiting ring 221 and the inner limiting ring 222. The sliding gap 224 and the sliding groove 223 together form an inverted "T"-shaped annular groove. The "T"-shaped groove structure can restrict the snap-fit ​​block 311 between the lower connecting plate 22, the outer limiting ring 221, and the inner limiting ring 222 to prevent it from coming off when under load and improve the load-bearing reliability.

[0072] like Figure 9 As shown, the positioning buffer module 3 is disposed between the upper connecting plate 21 and the lower connecting plate 22. It is used to lock the relative angle of the upper and lower connecting plates after angle adjustment, and simultaneously buffer the impact load at the start and loading of the test. The positioning buffer module 3 includes multiple adjusting bolts 31, which are threadedly engaged with the upper connecting plate 21. The multi-point bolt arrangement can evenly distribute the locking force, preventing excessive force at a single point from causing deformation and failure of the upper connecting plate 21 and the adjusting bolts 31. The tail end of the adjusting bolt 31 passes through the sliding gap 224 and is disposed within the sliding groove 223 for adjustment. A snap-fit ​​block 311 is fixedly installed at the tail end of the bolt 31. A buffer block 32 is installed in the positioning groove 23. The lower surface of the buffer block 32 is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove 321 that matches the snap-fit ​​block 311. The snap-fit ​​block 311 slides in conjunction with the sliding groove 223. When the angle is adjusted, the snap-fit ​​block 311 slides smoothly along the sliding groove 223. After the angle is in place, the adjusting bolt 31 is rotated to make the snap-fit ​​block 311 rise into the snap-fit ​​groove 321 to complete the positioning. At the same time, the buffer block 32 can absorb the rigid impact force of the rotary reducer 6 at the moment of starting, so as to avoid impact damage to the specimen and the internal components of the device.

[0073] like Figure 6As shown, the hydraulic test module 4 is located below the adjustment module 2, serving as the core of the loading power to provide precise and controllable force for the test. The hydraulic test module 4 includes three hydraulic cylinders 41 arranged in a linear array: a side-top hydraulic cylinder 411, an axial hydraulic cylinder 412, and a side-pull hydraulic cylinder 413. The output ends of the side-top hydraulic cylinder 411 and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder 413 are fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate 22. Their coordinated reverse action can generate overturning moments of different magnitudes, accurately simulating the stress conditions of the rotary reducer 6 during actual operation. The output of the axial hydraulic cylinder 412... The end passes through the lower connecting plate 22 and abuts against the lower surface of the upper connecting plate 21, allowing for independent application of pure axial loads to meet the specific testing requirements for single axial force. The lower ends of each hydraulic cylinder 41 are fixedly connected to the transition plate 16. The axial hydraulic cylinder 412 is located at the center of the transition plate 16, while the side-top hydraulic cylinder 411 and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder 413 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial hydraulic cylinder 412. The three hydraulic cylinders 41 can work individually or synchronously, fully replicating the composite force condition of axial load and overturning moment superposition, making the test results more consistent with the actual use of the equipment.

[0074] The hydraulic test module 4 is connected to the hydraulic control system 5 through pipelines. The hydraulic control system 5 can precisely control the output pressure, loading speed and holding time of each hydraulic cylinder 41, realize stepless continuous adjustment of load, and complete multi-gradient loading test without disassembling and assembling the weight, which greatly improves the test efficiency and automation.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown, 12 outer positioning notches 231 are evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the lower surface of the outer limiting ring 221, and 12 inner positioning notches 232 are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the lower surface of the inner limiting ring 222, corresponding one-to-one with the positions of the outer positioning notches 231. Each outer positioning notch 231 and the corresponding inner positioning notch 232 together form a positioning groove 23. The 12 positioning grooves 23 are evenly distributed 360° around the lower connecting plate 22, so that the minimum step angle for angle adjustment can reach 30°, which can completely cover the standard test angle requirements of the entire circumference. The corresponding notch structure inside and outside can form a bidirectional circumferential limit for the buffer block 32, preventing the buffer block 32 from circumferentially shifting when subjected to force.

[0077] like Figure 17 and Figure 18As shown, the buffer block 32 slides into the positioning groove 23. The buffer block 32 includes two sliders that slide into the outer positioning notch 231 and the inner positioning notch 232 respectively. The double slider structure is inserted into the inner and outer positioning notches respectively, which can disperse the circumferential impact force on the buffer block 32, improve the overall shear bearing capacity of the buffer structure, and avoid the movement path of the adjusting bolt 31 when adjusting the angle. The angle adjustment of the tested rotary reducer 6 can be achieved without completely pulling out the adjusting bolt 31. Both ends of the buffer block 32 are provided with elastic elements 33. The elastic elements 33 are springs. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the buffer block 32, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning groove 23. When the rotary reducer 6 starts or the rotational load changes suddenly, the buffer block 32 can slide along the positioning groove 23, compressing the spring on the corresponding side. The impact energy is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the spring, avoiding the lateral impact load from being directly transmitted to the lower hydraulic cylinder 41 and causing component damage. At the same time, after the load stabilizes, the buffer block 32 is pushed to automatically reset, reducing component wear caused by rigid collision and effectively extending the overall service life of the device.

[0078] like Figure 19 As shown, the snap-fit ​​block 311 is a truncated cone with an upward bevel, and the snap-fit ​​groove 321 is a truncated cone with an arc groove. The conical bevel structure can achieve automatic guidance and centering during the snap-fit ​​process, reducing the difficulty of angle alignment. At the same time, the conical surface fit can effectively increase the contact area, making the locking force more uniform and avoiding local stress concentration that could cause the component to crush and deform.

[0079] like Figure 14 As shown, the adjusting bolt 31 has a clockwise threaded area 312 on the side near the head and a counterclockwise threaded area 313 at the tail end. This bidirectional thread structure prevents the locking block 311 from falling off the tail end of the adjusting bolt 31 when the adjusting bolt 31 is turned to move the locking block 311 up and down. The upper connecting plate 21 has multiple threaded adjusting holes 211. The clockwise threaded area 312 of the adjusting bolt 31 is threadedly engaged with the adjusting hole 211. A threaded hole is provided at the center of the upper end face of the locking block 311. The counterclockwise threaded area 313 of the adjusting bolt 31 is threadedly fixed to the locking block 311. The threaded connection structure is easy to assemble.

[0080] like Figure 7As shown, the rotary reducer 6 includes a housing 61, which serves as external protection and a mounting base, providing a sealed working space and reliable structural support for the internal transmission components. A worm 63 and a worm wheel 64 are rotatably mounted inside the housing 61. The worm 63 and worm wheel 64 mesh and transmit power, achieving low-speed, high-torque power output through the large reduction ratio of the worm wheel 64 and worm 63, matching the core operating characteristics of the rotary reducer 6. An inner rotating wheel 62 is fixedly connected inside the housing 61, and a raceway is provided between the inner rotating wheel 62 and the worm wheel 64. Multiple balls are arranged in the raceway, forming a rolling support structure, significantly reducing the frictional resistance of the worm wheel 64 during rotation, while improving its load-bearing capacity and rotary running accuracy. A transition disc 65 is fixedly connected to the end of the worm wheel 64 facing outwards from the housing 61. The transition disc 65 can evenly transmit the torque output by the worm wheel 64, avoiding local stress concentration that could damage the transmission components. A connecting frame 66 is provided below the rotary reducer 6, and the transition plate 65 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 66. When changing the rotary reducer 6 of different specifications, only the corresponding connecting frame 66 needs to be adapted, which effectively improves the universality and adaptability of the test device. The housing 61 and the inner rotating wheel 62 of the rotary reducer 6 are fixedly connected to the top plate 11, so that the fixed part of the rotary reducer 6 and the test frame form a rigid whole, ensuring that the applied load acts directly on the rotating parts and improving the accuracy of the test. The rotary reducer 6 is fixedly connected to the upper connecting plate 21 through the connecting frame 66, so as to stably transmit the load generated by hydraulic loading to the rotating parts such as the worm gear 64, and truly simulate the stress state of the actual operation of the equipment. A hydraulic motor 631 is provided at the end of the worm 63. The hydraulic motor 631 is connected to the hydraulic control system 5, and the speed and direction are uniformly controlled by the hydraulic control system to drive the rotary reducer 6 to complete the load-bearing operation test according to the test requirements.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, a hydraulic rotary joint 43 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the transition plate 16. The hydraulic rotary joint 43 can rotate freely 360 degrees while maintaining continuous oil circuit connection, perfectly solving the problem of hydraulic pipeline entanglement when the transition plate 16 rotates with the specimen, ensuring that the hydraulic system can work stably and normally at any test angle. The head of the hydraulic rotary joint 43 is provided with an oil circuit divider 431. The hydraulic rotary joint 43 is fixedly connected to the transition plate 16 through the oil circuit divider 431. The oil circuit divider 431 divides the flow into multiple hydraulic pipes 432, which are connected to three hydraulic cylinders 41 respectively, providing an independent hydraulic power path for each hydraulic cylinder 41, realizing individual control and collaborative loading control of each hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic rotary joint 43 is connected to the hydraulic control system 5. The high-pressure oil output by the hydraulic control system 5 is delivered to each hydraulic cylinder 41 through the hydraulic rotary joint 43 and the oil circuit divider 431, completing the stable transmission and precise distribution of power.

[0082] like Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, guide components 42 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder 41. The guide components 42 can provide precise guidance for the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 41, ensuring that the direction of the loading force is perpendicular and avoiding load deviation from affecting the final test results. The guide components 42 include a guide rod 421 and a guide sleeve 422. The guide rod 421 is fixedly connected to the transition plate 16, and the guide sleeve 422 is fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate 22. The guide rod 421 and the guide sleeve 422 slide together, which limits the lateral displacement of the lower connecting plate 22 and improves the motion stability and structural rigidity of the entire loading mechanism.

[0083] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, a locking bolt 121 is rotatably connected to the side of the channel steel 12 near the top. Both the top plate 11 and the top ring 112 have radially outward-facing locking grooves 113. The locking bolt 121 slides into the locking groove 113, and a locking nut 122 is threaded onto the locking bolt 121. This locking connection structure makes the top plate 11 easier to install and remove. During installation, the locking bolt 121 is inserted into the locking groove 113, and the nut 122 is tightened to complete the fixation. During disassembly, the nut 122 is loosened, and the locking bolt 121 is slid out of the locking groove 113 to remove the top plate 11, greatly simplifying the installation process. The assembly and disassembly process of the rotary reducer 6 is simplified, improving the efficiency of the test. Multiple reinforcing ribs 111 are arranged in a circumferential array on the upper surface of the top plate 11. The reinforcing ribs 111 are radially distributed, which can significantly improve the bending strength and structural rigidity of the top plate 11 and prevent the top plate 11 from bending and deforming when subjected to load and reaction force. Multiple support feet 14 are fixedly installed below the bottom ring 13. The support feet 14 are arranged in a circumferential array, which can evenly transfer the weight of the device and the test load to the ground, while raising the bottom space of the device, which facilitates the layout and connection of hydraulic pipelines and the daily maintenance and repair of the bottom components.

[0084] like Figure 10 As shown, the slewing bearing 15 includes an outer rotating ring 151 and an inner rotating ring 152. A raceway is provided between the outer rotating ring 151 and the inner rotating ring 152, and multiple balls are arranged in the raceway. During installation, the outer rotating ring 151 is fixedly connected to the bottom ring 13, and the inner rotating ring 152 is fixedly connected to the transition plate 16. The balls roll in the raceway to achieve relative rotation between the two. This rolling friction method has low frictional resistance, flexible rotation, and strong load-bearing capacity, which can meet the rotation requirements under heavy load conditions.

[0085] like Figure 23 and Figure 24As shown, the hydraulic control system 5 includes three separate control oil circuits, which independently control the side-top hydraulic cylinder 411, the axial hydraulic cylinder 412, and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder 413. Each oil circuit includes an electric contact pressure gauge 51, a cartridge solenoid valve 52, a stacked hydraulic lock 53, a throttle valve 54, a solenoid directional valve 55, a stacked relief valve 56, a hydraulic pump 57, and a suction filter 58. During the loading test, by controlling the switching of the solenoid directional valve 55, the extension, retraction, or stopping action of each corresponding hydraulic cylinder 41 can be realized. The stacked hydraulic lock 53 can lock the hydraulic cylinder oil circuit when the solenoid directional valve 55 is in the neutral position to prevent surging due to load changes during loading and achieve long-term stable pressure maintenance. The throttle valve 54 adjusts the extension and retraction speed of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder 41 to accurately control the loading rate of axial load and overturning moment. The electric contact pressure gauge 51 provides real-time feedback of system pressure and, together with the cartridge solenoid valve 52, realizes automatic pressure protection of the system and rapid unloading after the test is completed.

[0086] The hydraulic control system 5 also includes a sub-control branch for controlling the hydraulic motor 631. This branch is also equipped with an electromagnetic directional valve 55, a stacked relief valve 56, a hydraulic pump 57, and a suction filter 58. By controlling the reversing of the electromagnetic directional valve 55, the hydraulic motor 631 can be rotated forward, reversed, and stopped. This drives the worm 63 of the rotary reducer 6 to rotate the worm wheel 64, completing the adjustment of the test angle or the operation test under load. The stacked relief valve 56 limits the maximum working pressure of the hydraulic motor during forward and reverse rotation to prevent the motor from being damaged by overload.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] A method for using a hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer includes the following steps:

[0089] S1: Loosen the fixing between the top plate 11 and the top ring 112, loosen the locking nuts 122 on each channel steel 12 in sequence, turn the locking bolts 121 out of the corresponding locking grooves 113 to release the connection constraints, and steadily remove the top plate 11 from the top of the device to expose the internal installation position, so as to reserve sufficient operating space for the hoisting of the rotary reducer 6 to be tested.

[0090] S2: After adjusting the rotary reducer 6 to be tested to the center alignment, fix the worm gear 64 and transition plate 65 of the rotary reducer 6 to the center of the upper surface of the upper connecting plate 21 with bolts to ensure that the output shaft of the specimen is completely coincident with the rotation center of the device, so as to avoid generating additional eccentric loads that affect the test accuracy.

[0091] S3: Replace the top plate 11 on top of the device, adjust the circumferential position so that the locking bolt 121 is aligned with the locking groove 113 and inserted, tighten the locking nut 122 to complete the fixed connection between the top ring 112 and the top plate 11, and restore the overall rigid load-bearing structure of the fixed frame 1.

[0092] S4: The housing 61 and inner rotating wheel 62 of the rotary reducer 6 are fixedly connected to the center position of the lower surface of the top plate 11 by bolts, so that the fixed part of the rotary reducer 6 and the fixed frame 1 form a rigid whole, ensuring that the subsequent load can be directly applied to the rotating parts of the rotary reducer 6.

[0093] S5: Tighten the adjusting bolt 31. The clockwise threaded area 312 on the upper part of the adjusting bolt 31 engages with the adjusting hole 211 of the upper connecting plate 21, causing the locking block 311 to move downward relative to the upper connecting plate 21, leaving the locking groove 321 of the buffer block 32 in the current positioning groove 23, until the locking block 311 is completely inserted into the sliding groove 223, thus completely releasing the circumferential lock between the upper connecting plate 21 and the lower connecting plate 22.

[0094] S6: Lower the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder 412 so that it does not contact the lower surface of the upper connecting plate 21. Then rotate the lower connecting plate 22 in 30° increments to the preset test circumferential angle. At this time, the locking block 311 slides smoothly along the circular track in the sliding groove 223, always maintaining a fixed relative position with the upper connecting plate 21, until the locking block 311 is aligned with the next positioning groove 23, thus completing the positioning of the test angle.

[0095] S7: Tighten the adjusting bolt 31 in the opposite direction to move the locking block 311 upward into the new positioning groove 23. The locking block 311 is automatically guided and aligned by the truncated cone slope. The locking block 311 is fully engaged in the locking groove 321 of the buffer block 32 in the positioning groove 23. The upper and lower connecting plates are tightened to complete the circumferential locking. At this time, the elastic elements 33 at both ends of the buffer block 32 are in the initial equilibrium state, which provides sufficient buffer space for the start of impact buffering.

[0096] S8: Raise the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder 412 so that it abuts against the lower surface of the upper connecting plate 21. Then start the axial hydraulic cylinder 412, the side-push hydraulic cylinder 411, and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder 413. Axial load and overturning moment can be applied to the rotary reducer 6 individually or simultaneously, flexibly matching different needs of single load testing and compound working condition simulation. The hydraulic control system 5 automatically controls the loading process according to the preset pressure to achieve stepless, continuous, and stable adjustment of the load. The load-bearing performance of the rotary reducer 6 is tested, and the rotary reducer 6 is started to test the operating state of the rotary reducer 6 when bearing axial load and overturning moment. At the moment when the rotary reducer 6 starts to rotate, the rotary reducer 6 drives the upper connecting plate 21 to generate a circumferential rotation tendency. 1. The synchronous adjustment bolt 31 and the snap-fit ​​block 311 apply circumferential thrust. The snap-fit ​​block 311 drives the buffer block 32 to slide a certain distance in the positioning groove 23 to the rotation side through the snap-fit ​​groove, compressing the elastic element 33 on the rotation side. The elastic element 33 absorbs the impact torque at the moment of start-up, transforming the original rigid impact into a smooth loading, avoiding the lateral impact load from being directly transmitted to the lower connecting plate 22 and hydraulic cylinder 41. This prevents the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 41 from bending and deforming or the seal from being damaged by the sudden lateral force. After the elastic element 33 is buffered to the force balance position, the load is smoothly transmitted to the lower connecting plate 22, driving the entire hydraulic test module 4 and the transition plate 16 to rotate synchronously and smoothly relative to the fixed frame 1 by relying on the slewing bearing 15.

[0097] S9: After completing the test at this angle, shut down the hydraulic test module 4 and the rotary reducer 6, control each hydraulic cylinder 41 to unload and reset smoothly, and then repeat the above operations S5-S8. Switch different circumferential test angles in 30° increments to complete the corresponding tests until the tests of all circumferential angles of the rotary reducer 6 are completed, so as to fully verify the load-bearing capacity and operational reliability of the specimen in the whole circumferential direction.

Claims

1. A hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer, characterized in that, include: A fixed frame (1) is provided with a rotary reducer (6) fixed at the upper end of the fixed frame (1), with the output end of the rotary reducer (6) facing downwards. A rotary bearing (15) is fixed at the lower end of the fixed frame (1), and a transition plate (16) is fixed on the inner ring of the rotary bearing (15). The adjustment module (2) includes an upper connecting plate (21) and a lower connecting plate (22). The upper connecting plate (21) of the adjustment module (2) is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary reducer (6). The upper connecting plate (21) and the lower connecting plate (22) are coaxially rotated together. The lower connecting plate (22) is annular. The upper surface of the lower connecting plate (22) is coaxially provided with an annular sliding groove (223). An outer limiting ring (221) and an inner limiting ring (222) are provided above the sliding groove (223). Multiple arc-shaped positioning grooves (23) are evenly provided in a circular array below the outer limiting ring (221) and the inner limiting ring (222). A sliding gap (224) is provided between the outer limiting ring (221) and the inner limiting ring (222). The sliding gap (224) and the sliding groove (223) together form an inverted "T"-shaped annular groove. The positioning buffer module (3) is located between the upper connecting plate (21) and the lower connecting plate (22). The positioning buffer module (3) includes multiple adjusting bolts (31). The adjusting bolts (31) are threadedly engaged with the upper connecting plate (21). The tail end of the adjusting bolts (31) passes through the sliding gap (224) and is located in the sliding groove (223). The tail end of the adjusting bolts (31) is fixedly provided with a snap-fit ​​block (311). A buffer block (32) is provided in the positioning groove (23). The lower surface of the buffer block (32) is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove (321) that is compatible with the snap-fit ​​block (311). The snap-fit ​​block (311) is slidably engaged with the sliding groove (223). Hydraulic test module (4) is fixedly mounted on transition plate (16). Hydraulic test module (4) includes hydraulic cylinder (41) which applies thrust or pull force to the lower connecting plate (22). The hydraulic control system (5) and the hydraulic test module (4) are connected to the hydraulic control system (5) through pipelines.

2. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the outer limiting ring (221) has multiple outer positioning notches (231) evenly distributed around the circumference of the inner ring. The lower surface of the inner limiting ring (222) has multiple inner positioning notches (232) evenly distributed around the circumference of the outer ring, corresponding to the positions of the outer positioning notches (231). Each outer positioning notch (231) and the corresponding inner positioning notch (232) together form a positioning groove (23).

3. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer block (32) is slidably engaged with the positioning groove (23). The buffer block (32) includes two sliders that are slidably engaged with the outer positioning notch (231) and the inner positioning notch (232) respectively. Both ends of the two sliders of the buffer block (32) are provided with elastic elements (33). One end of the elastic element (33) is fixedly connected to one end of the buffer block (32), and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the positioning groove (23). The snap-fit ​​block (311) is a truncated cone with an upward sloping surface, and the snap-fit ​​groove (321) is a truncated cone with an arc groove.

4. A hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The adjusting bolt (31) has a clockwise threaded area (312) on the side near the head and a counterclockwise threaded area (313) at the tail end. The upper connecting plate (21) has multiple threaded adjusting holes (211). The clockwise threaded area (312) of the adjusting bolt (31) is threadedly engaged with the adjusting hole (211). The center of the upper end face of the snap-fit ​​block (311) has a threaded hole. The counterclockwise threaded area (313) of the adjusting bolt (31) is threadedly fixed with the snap-fit ​​block (311).

5. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixed frame (1) includes a top plate (11), a top ring (112), a bottom ring (13) and multiple channel steels (12). The multiple channel steels (12) are arranged in a circular array and vertically below the top plate (11). The upper end of each channel steel (12) is fixedly connected to the top ring (112), and the lower end of each channel steel (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom ring (13). The top plate (11) is fixedly connected to the top ring (112). The outer ring of the slewing bearing (15) is fixed on the bottom ring (13). The fixed end of the slewing reducer (6) is fixedly installed at the center of the lower surface of the top plate (11). The hydraulic test module (4) includes three hydraulic cylinders (41) arranged in a linear array. The hydraulic cylinders (41) are all set on the transition plate (16). The three hydraulic cylinders (41) are divided into a side-top hydraulic cylinder (411), an axial hydraulic cylinder (412), and a side-pull hydraulic cylinder (413). The axial hydraulic cylinder (412) is set at the center of the transition plate (16). The side-top hydraulic cylinder (411) and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder (413) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial hydraulic cylinder (412). The output ends of the side-top hydraulic cylinder (411) and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder (413) are fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate (22). The output end of the axial hydraulic cylinder (412) passes through the lower connecting plate (22) and abuts against the lower surface of the upper connecting plate (21). The lower end of each hydraulic cylinder (41) is fixedly connected to the transition plate (16).

6. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hydraulic rotary joint (43) is provided at the center of the lower surface of the transition plate (16). An oil circuit divider (431) is provided at the head of the hydraulic rotary joint (43). The hydraulic rotary joint (43) is fixedly connected to the transition plate (16) through the oil circuit divider (431). The oil circuit divider (431) divides out multiple hydraulic pipes (432) and connects to three hydraulic cylinders (41) respectively. The hydraulic rotary joint (43) is connected to the hydraulic control system (5).

7. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotary reducer (6) includes a housing (61), in which a worm (63) and a worm wheel (64) are rotatably arranged. The worm (63) and the worm wheel (64) mesh and drive each other. An inner rotating wheel (62) is fixedly connected inside the housing (61). A raceway is provided between the inner rotating wheel (62) and the worm wheel (64). Multiple balls are provided in the raceway. A transition plate (65) is fixedly connected to one end of the worm wheel (64) facing the outside of the housing (61). A connecting frame (66) is provided below the rotary reducer (6). The transition plate (65) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (66). The housing (61) and the inner rotating wheel (62) of the rotary reducer (6) are both fixedly connected to the top plate (11). The rotary reducer (6) is fixedly connected to the upper connecting plate (21) through the connecting frame (66). A hydraulic motor (631) is provided at the end of the worm (63). The hydraulic motor (631) is connected to the hydraulic control system (5).

8. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder (41) is symmetrically provided with guide components (42) on both sides. The guide components (42) include guide rods (421) and guide sleeves (422). The guide rods (421) are fixedly connected to the transition plate (16), and the guide sleeves (422) are fixedly connected to the lower connecting plate (22). The guide rods (421) and guide sleeves (422) are slidably engaged.

9. The hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The channel steel (12) is rotatably connected to a locking bolt (121) near the top side. Both the top plate (11) and the top ring (112) are provided with locking grooves (113) with the opening facing outward. The locking bolt (121) and the locking groove (113) are slidably engaged. The locking bolt (121) is threaded with a locking nut (122). The top plate (11) has a plurality of reinforcing ribs (111) arranged in a circular array on its upper surface. The reinforcing ribs (111) are radially distributed. The bottom ring (13) has a plurality of supporting feet (14) fixedly arranged below it. The supporting feet (14) are arranged in a circular array.

10. A method of using a hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer, relating to the hydraulic loading test device for a rotary reducer as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Loosen the fastener between the top plate (11) and the top ring (112) and remove the top plate (11) from the top of the device. S2: Fix the rotary reducer (6) to be tested at the center of the upper surface of the upper connecting plate (21); S3: Replace the top plate (11) on top of the device and fix the top ring (112) to the top plate (11); S4: Fix the rotary reducer (6) to the center position of the lower surface of the top plate (11); S5: Tighten the adjusting bolt (31) to make the locking block (311) leave the current positioning groove (23) until the locking block (311) moves downward into the sliding groove (223); S6: Lower the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder (412) so that it does not contact the lower surface of the upper connecting plate (21), and then rotate the lower connecting plate (22) to a certain angle. At this time, the locking block (311) slides in the sliding groove (223) until the locking block (311) is aligned with the next positioning groove (23). S7: Tighten the adjusting bolt (31) to move the snap block (311) upward and into the new positioning groove (23) until the snap block (311) snaps into the snap groove (321) of the buffer block (32) in the positioning groove (23); S8: Raise the piston rod of the axial hydraulic cylinder (412) so that it abuts against the lower surface of the upper connecting plate (21), and then start the axial hydraulic cylinder (412), the side-top hydraulic cylinder (411) and the side-pull hydraulic cylinder (413) to apply axial load and overturning moment to the rotary reducer (6) individually or simultaneously. The hydraulic control system (5) automatically controls the loading according to the preset pressure to test the load of the rotary reducer (6) and start the rotary reducer (6) to test the rotation of the rotary reducer (6) when it bears axial load and overturning moment. When the rotary reducer (6) starts to rotate, the adjusting bolt (31) drives the buffer block (32) to slide a certain distance to one side in the positioning groove (23) corresponding to the snap block (311). S9: After completing the test at this angle, shut down the hydraulic test module (4) and the rotary reducer (6), and then repeat the above operations S5-S8 until the test of each circumferential angle of the rotary reducer (6) is completed.

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