A tension detection machine based on cable production
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611348854.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-30
AI Technical Summary
[0003]现有技术中，对电缆进行检测时，一般需要使用拉力检测机，在实际检测过程中，需要先将待测电缆试样的两端分别夹持于检测机的固定夹持端和移动夹持端，然后，通过驱动机构带动移动夹持端沿远离固定夹持端的方向移动，使待测电缆逐渐受到轴向拉伸载荷后，通过拉力检测元件获取拉伸过程中的载荷变化情况，然而，随着拉伸载荷持续增大，电缆自身以及检测设备中的部分受力结构会产生一定的弹性变形，并储存弹性能，当电缆达到极限承载状态后，电缆可能会发生突然断裂，此时，原有的轴向拉力会在较短时间内快速下降，电缆中储存的弹性性能也会随之释放，并且，由于移动夹持端及与其连接的部件仍具有一定惯性，可能会产生瞬时冲击、振动及附加位移，瞬时冲击可能会经移动夹持端传递至拉力检测元件，在长期使用后可能加剧连接部位磨损，并影响传动部件及检测元件的工作稳定性，还可能会在一定程度上缩短设备的整体使用寿命，对电缆拉伸检测结果的准确性与设备运行的可靠性造成不利影响
1、本发明通过在安装座上设置缓冲组件，使待测电缆在达到承载极限并发生断裂后，移动板相对于安装座沿缓冲方向移动时，移动板可对第一缓冲杆施加作用力，使第一缓冲杆内部的活塞部件产生相对移动，并同步压缩弹簧件以及工作腔内的油液，利用弹簧件的弹性变形吸收部分冲击能量，同时使受压油液经连接管向第二缓冲杆输送，借助油液在输送过程中的流动阻力进一步吸收冲击能量，使夹持组件在电缆断裂后的冲击作用得到分阶段释放，同时，随着移动板产生缓冲位移，移动块上的磁铁与磁块逐渐靠近，利用二者之间同磁极产生的磁性排斥作用对移动板的运动形成进一步阻碍，进一步降低电缆断裂时瞬时冲击传递的程度，减小检测元件受到突变载荷影响的可能性，降低移动板及夹持组件的瞬时运动幅度，提高电缆拉力检测机在断裂工况下的运行稳定性，并在一定程度上延长检测元件及相关安装部件的使用寿命；
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Figure CN123008484A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of tensile testing equipment technology, specifically a tensile testing machine based on cable production. Background Technology
[0002] During production, installation, and use, cables typically need to withstand axial loads such as traction, suspension, and tension. Their tensile properties directly affect the mechanical reliability of cables during laying and long-term service. Therefore, during cable factory inspection, type testing, and performance evaluation, tensile testing equipment is usually used to perform axial tension on the cable to obtain parameters such as the cable's maximum tensile force, breaking tensile force, and corresponding tensile deformation.
[0003] In existing technologies, cable testing typically requires a tensile testing machine. During the actual testing process, the two ends of the cable sample are clamped to the fixed and movable clamping ends of the testing machine, respectively. Then, a drive mechanism moves the movable clamping end away from the fixed clamping end, gradually subjecting the cable to axial tensile load. The load change during the tensile process is then captured by a tensile testing element. However, as the tensile load increases, the cable itself and some of the load-bearing structures in the testing equipment undergo elastic deformation and store elastic energy. When the cable reaches its ultimate load-bearing capacity, it may suddenly break. At this point, the original axial tensile force will rapidly decrease within a short time, and the stored elastic energy in the cable will be released. Furthermore, because the movable clamping end and its connected components still possess a certain inertia, instantaneous impacts, vibrations, and additional displacements may occur. These instantaneous impacts may be transmitted to the tensile testing element via the movable clamping end. Over long-term use, this may exacerbate wear on the connection points and affect the operational stability of the transmission components and testing element. It may also shorten the overall service life of the equipment to some extent, adversely affecting the accuracy of the cable tensile test results and the reliability of the equipment operation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a tensile testing machine based on cable production to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tensile testing machine based on cable production, comprising a main body, wherein two sets of buffer assemblies are symmetrically mounted on the front surface of the main body, each buffer assembly including a mounting base, wherein a testing element is mounted on the top of one set of mounting bases, a movable plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting base, and a clamping assembly is provided on the lower surface of the movable plate, wherein the clamping assembly includes two sets of symmetrically arranged clamping rods, and an adjustment assembly is provided on one side of each clamping rod.
[0006] Preferably, a first buffer rod is connected at the center of the upper surface of the movable plate, a spring is sleeved on the inner wall of the first buffer rod, and the internal cavity of the first buffer rod is filled with oil.
[0007] Preferably, the lower surface of the movable plate is connected to a second buffer rod on both sides of the clamping assembly. The second buffer rod is connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the mounting base. The two sets of second buffer rods are connected to the first buffer rod by a connecting pipe. The internal cavity of the second buffer rod and the inside of the connecting pipe are filled with oil.
[0008] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes an electric telescopic rod installed on the lower surface of the moving plate, a U-shaped seat connected to the lower surface of the moving plate, and a fixing block connected to the bottom end of the U-shaped seat, with the top ends of the two sets of clamping rods rotatably connected to the side wall of the fixing block.
[0009] Preferably, a connecting block is provided below the fixing block, the output end of the electric telescopic rod passes through the fixing block and is connected to the connecting block, the side wall of the clamping rod is provided with a slot, and the two ends of the connecting block are rotatably connected to connecting rods, and the connecting rods are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the slot.
[0010] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes two sets of positioning rods slidably connected to the inner wall of the slot, a mounting plate is connected to the bottom end of the mounting base, a bidirectional threaded rod is rotatably connected to one side surface of the mounting plate, and the ends of the two sets of positioning rods are threadedly connected to the outer wall of the bidirectional threaded rod.
[0011] Preferably, a first piston rod is fixedly connected to one side surface of the mounting plate, one end of the first piston rod is connected to a positioning rod, and the internal cavity of the first piston rod is filled with oil.
[0012] Preferably, the upper surface of the movable plate is slidably connected to movable blocks on both sides of the first buffer rod, and magnetic sheets are installed on the upper surface of both sets of movable blocks. Magnetic blocks are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the top of the mounting base, and the movable blocks and magnetic blocks are arranged alternately.
[0013] Preferably, a second piston rod is connected to one side surface of the movable block, and a delivery pipe is connected between the second piston rod and the first piston rod. Both the internal cavity of the second piston rod and the inside of the delivery pipe are filled with oil.
[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects: 1. This invention, by setting a buffer assembly on the mounting base, allows the moving plate to apply force to the first buffer rod when the cable under test breaks after reaching its load limit. This causes relative movement of the piston component inside the first buffer rod, simultaneously compressing the spring component and the oil in the working chamber. The elastic deformation of the spring component absorbs part of the impact energy, while the pressurized oil is transported to the second buffer rod through the connecting pipe. The flow resistance of the oil during transport further absorbs the impact energy, allowing the impact of the clamping assembly after the cable breaks to be released in stages. At the same time, as the moving plate generates buffer displacement, the magnet and magnetic block on the moving block gradually approach each other. The magnetic repulsion generated by the common magnetic poles between them further hinders the movement of the moving plate, further reducing the degree of instantaneous impact transmission when the cable breaks, reducing the possibility of the detection element being affected by sudden load, reducing the instantaneous movement amplitude of the moving plate and clamping assembly, improving the operational stability of the cable tensile testing machine under fracture conditions, and extending the service life of the detection element and related mounting components to a certain extent. 2. This invention utilizes the interplay of a bidirectional threaded rod, a positioning rod, and a first piston rod to test cables of different outer diameters. By rotating a knob at the end of the bidirectional threaded rod to adjust the distance between the two sets of positioning rods, the positioning rods can move to the corresponding positioning position according to the outer diameter of the cable. During the movement of the positioning rods, the piston component inside the first piston rod experiences relative displacement, and the internal oil is transported to the internal cavity of the second piston rod via a delivery pipe. The transmission effect of the oil drives the second piston rod to produce a corresponding displacement, thereby adjusting the position of the moving block. This changes the initial position and effective relative area of the magnetic sheet on the moving block relative to the magnetic block, allowing the initial working state of the magnetic sheet on the moving block to change synchronously with the adjustment of the positioning rod. Thus, while completing the radial positioning of the cable under test, the pre-adjustment of the magnetic sheet position is also achieved, improving the adaptability of the buffer assembly to cables of different specifications. This, to a certain extent, improves the ease of use and consistency of buffer state adjustment when testing cables of different specifications. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a first-view perspective three-dimensional schematic diagram of part of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a second-view perspective three-dimensional schematic diagram of part of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clamping component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 6This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the buffer component and part of the adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first buffer rod structure of the present invention.
[0016] In the diagram: 1. Main body; 21. Mounting base; 211. Mounting plate; 22. Moving plate; 23. First buffer rod; 231. Spring component; 24. Second buffer rod; 25. Connecting pipe; 26. Moving block; 27. Magnetic block; 31. Electric telescopic rod; 32. Fixing block; 33. Connecting block; 34. Clamping rod; 35. Slot; 41. Positioning rod; 42. Bidirectional threaded rod; 43. First piston rod; 44. Conveying pipe; 45. Second piston rod. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.
[0018] A tensile testing machine based on cable production, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the device includes a main body 1. Two sets of buffer components are symmetrically installed on the front surface of the main body 1. By setting the buffer components, the impact force generated on the detection element when the cable breaks can be buffered, thereby preventing damage to the detection element. Each buffer component includes a mounting base 21. A detection element is installed at the top of one set of mounting bases 21. The tensile load during cable testing can be detected and recorded in real time through the detection element, thereby obtaining the load change of the cable under test during the tensile process. A movable plate 22 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting base 21. A clamping component is provided on the lower surface of the movable plate 22. The clamping component includes two sets of symmetrically arranged clamping rods 34. An adjustment component is provided on one side of the clamping rods 34.
[0019] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 It can be seen that a first buffer rod 23 is connected at the center of the upper surface of the movable plate 22. A spring 231 is sleeved on the inner wall of the first buffer rod 23. The cavity inside the first buffer rod 23 is filled with oil. Part of the impact energy can be absorbed by the elastic deformation ability of the spring 231. The lower surface of the movable plate 22 is connected to the second buffer rods 24 on both sides of the clamping assembly. The second buffer rods 24 are connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the mounting base 21. The two sets of second buffer rods 24 are connected to the first buffer rod 23 by a connecting pipe 25. The internal cavity of the second buffer rod 24 and the inside of the connecting pipe 25 are filled with oil. After being pressurized, the oil in the internal cavity of the first buffer rod 23 is transported to the second buffer rod 24 through the connecting pipe 25. Under the combined action of the oil flow resistance and the displacement of the moving parts inside the second buffer rod 24, the impact energy of the clamping assembly can be absorbed.
[0020] See Figures 2-4 It is known that the clamping assembly includes an electric telescopic rod 31 installed on the lower surface of the movable plate 22, a U-shaped seat connected to the lower surface of the movable plate 22, and a fixing block 32 connected to the bottom end of the U-shaped seat. The top ends of the two sets of clamping rods 34 are rotatably connected to the side wall of the fixing block 32. The cable can be fixedly clamped by the clamping rods 34, which facilitates subsequent tensile testing.
[0021] A connecting block 33 is provided below the fixing block 32. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 31 passes through the fixing block 32 and is connected to the connecting block 33. The side wall of the clamping rod 34 has a slot 35. The two ends of the connecting block 33 are rotatably connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the slot 35. After the electric telescopic rod 31 drives the connecting block 33 to move, the clamping rod 34 can be rotated by cooperating with the connecting rod, which facilitates the clamping and fixing of cables of different specifications and sizes.
[0022] See Figure 5 It is known that the adjustment component includes two sets of positioning rods 41 that are slidably connected to the inner wall of the slot 35. The bottom end of the mounting base 21 is connected to the mounting plate 211. A bidirectional threaded rod 42 is rotatably connected to one side surface of the mounting plate 211. The ends of the two sets of positioning rods 41 are threaded to the outer wall of the bidirectional threaded rod 42. A knob is connected to the end of the bidirectional threaded rod 42. By rotating the knob, the position between the two sets of positioning rods 41 can be adjusted, thereby pre-positioning cables of different sizes. To a certain extent, this can prevent the eccentricity caused by the initial skew of the cable under test.
[0023] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 It is known that a first piston rod 43 is fixedly connected to one side surface of the mounting plate 211. One end of the first piston rod 43 is connected to the positioning rod 41. The internal cavity of the first piston rod 43 is filled with oil. When the positioning rod 41 moves, it can synchronously drive the moving parts inside the first piston rod 43 to move.
[0024] Moving blocks 26 are slidably connected to both sides of the first buffer rod 23 on the upper surface of the moving plate 22. Magnetic sheets are installed on the upper surfaces of both sets of moving blocks 26. Magnetic blocks 27 are symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the top of the mounting base 21. The moving blocks 26 and magnetic blocks 27 are arranged alternately. The magnetic sheets on the surface of the moving blocks 26 and the magnetic blocks 27 have the same magnetic poles. Under the magnetic action of the magnet, the buffering effect can be further improved through the mutual cooperation of the magnetic sheets on the surface of the moving blocks 26 and the magnetic blocks 27.
[0025] A second piston rod 45 is connected to one side surface of the movable block 26. A delivery pipe 44 connects the second piston rod 45 and the first piston rod 43. Both the internal cavity of the second piston rod 45 and the delivery pipe 44 are filled with oil. When the oil inside the first piston rod 43 is squeezed into the internal cavity of the second piston rod 45, the movable block 26 can be moved synchronously under the action of the second piston rod 45. The overlapping area between the magnet on the movable block 26 and the magnetic block 27 can be adjusted synchronously according to the size of the cable to achieve the buffering effect.
[0026] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When performing tensile testing on the cable under test, firstly, one end of the cable under test is placed between two sets of positioning rods 41 on one set of mounting bases 21. By rotating the knob at the end of the bidirectional threaded rod 42, the two sets of positioning rods 41 move synchronously relative to each other, and are initially positioned from both sides of the cable under test. Subsequently, the two sets of positioning rods 41 on the other set of mounting bases 21 are adjusted in the same way so that the other end of the cable under test is in the corresponding positioning position. The positioning rods 41 on the two sets of mounting bases 21 are used to radially position both ends of the cable under test, so that the axis of the cable under test is aligned with the preset tensile strength. The extension direction is kept consistent to complete the initial positioning and axis correction of the cable under test. Then, the electric telescopic rods 31 on the two sets of mounting bases 21 are started respectively. The electric telescopic rods 31 drive the corresponding connecting blocks 33 to move. After the connecting blocks 33 move, the two sets of clamping rods 34 can be driven to rotate synchronously. The position of the two sets of clamping rods 34 is adjusted so that the two sets of clamping rods 34 clamp the two ends of the cable under test respectively, thereby completing the positioning and fixing of the cable under test before testing. To a certain extent, this can reduce the eccentric force caused by the initial skew of the cable under test and improve the stability of the clamping state of the cable under test during the subsequent tensile test. After clamping the cable under test, the drive assembly drives one set of mounting seats 21 to move relative to the other set of mounting seats 21 along the axial direction of the cable under test, so that the distance between the two sets of mounting seats 21 gradually increases, so as to apply an axial tensile load to the cable under test. During the tensile process, the detection element set on the main body 1 performs real-time detection and recording of the tensile load in the force transmission path, thereby obtaining the load change of the cable under test during the tensile process, and providing a test basis for judging the tensile performance of the cable under test. As the cable under test is continuously subjected to tension, when the cable under test reaches its bearing limit and breaks, the axial tensile force originally acting on the clamping assembly decreases rapidly. The clamping assembly and the moving plate 22 connected to the clamping assembly generate impact displacement under their own inertia, causing the moving plate 22 to move relative to the mounting base 21 along the corresponding buffer direction. During the movement of the moving plate 22, axial pressure is applied to the first buffer rod 23, causing the piston component inside the first buffer rod 23 to move relative to each other and compress the spring 231. At the same time, the oil in the working chamber of the first buffer rod 23 is squeezed. The spring 231 absorbs part of the impact energy through elastic deformation. Under pressure, the oil is transported to the second buffer rod 24 through the connecting pipe 25. Under the combined action of the oil flow resistance and the displacement of the moving parts inside the second buffer rod 24, the impact energy of the clamping assembly is further absorbed, thereby reducing the instantaneous impact transmitted from the moving plate 22 to the mounting base 21 and the main body 1. This can, to a certain extent, perform graded buffering of the impact motion generated by the clamping assembly after the cable under test breaks, reducing the degree of impact load transmitted to the detection element. During the buffering process, as the moving plate 22 and the clamping assembly generate buffer displacement, the relative position between the magnet on the moving block 26 and the magnetic block 27 changes accordingly. When the two approach each other, since the magnet on the moving block 26 and the magnetic block 27 have the same magnetic poles on opposite sides, a magnetic repulsion effect is generated between them that changes with their relative position. Through the magnetic repulsion effect, the impact of the clamping assembly can be resisted, and together with the cooperation of the first buffer rod 23 and the second buffer rod 24, the impact displacement of the moving plate 22 is reduced, further improving the buffering effect, reducing the instantaneous movement amplitude of the clamping assembly after the cable breaks, and improving the stability of the buffering process to a certain extent. When performing tensile testing on cables with different outer diameters, the distance between the two sets of positioning rods 41 is adjusted by the knob at the end of the bidirectional threaded rod 42, so that the two sets of positioning rods 41 adapt to the outer diameter of the cable under test. During the movement of the positioning rods 41, the positioning rods 41 act synchronously on the first piston rod 43, causing the piston components inside the first piston rod 43 to move relative to each other. This allows the oil in the internal cavity of the first piston rod 43 to be transported through the delivery pipe 44 to the internal cavity of the second piston rod 45, driving the second piston rod 45 to produce a corresponding displacement. At this time, under the action of the second piston rod 45, the moving block 26 can be moved. This allows the effective relative area between the magnetic sheet on the moving block 26 and the magnetic block 27 to be changed, enabling the magnetic buffer assembly to undergo corresponding pre-adjustment as the positioning rod 41 is adjusted. For cables under test with different outer diameters, the initial working position of the magnetic sheet on the moving block 26 can be adaptively changed, thereby improving the adaptability of the buffer assembly to cables of different specifications to a certain extent. After the test is completed, the components on the mounting base 21 are restored to their initial positions, which facilitates the installation and testing of the next cable under test. The contents not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art.
[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A tensile testing machine based on cable production, comprising a main body (1), characterized in that: Two sets of buffer components are symmetrically installed on the front surface of the main body (1). Each buffer component includes a mounting base (21). A detection element is installed at the top of one set of mounting bases (21). A moving plate (22) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting base (21). A clamping component is provided on the lower surface of the moving plate (22). The clamping component includes two sets of symmetrically arranged clamping rods (34). An adjustment component is provided on one side of the clamping rods (34).
2. The tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first buffer rod (23) is connected to the center of the upper surface of the movable plate (22). A spring (231) is sleeved on the inner wall of the first buffer rod (23). The cavity inside the first buffer rod (23) is filled with oil.
3. The tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the movable plate (22) is connected to the second buffer rod (24) on both sides of the clamping assembly. The second buffer rod (24) is connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the mounting base (21). The two sets of second buffer rods (24) are connected to the first buffer rod (23) by a connecting pipe (25). The internal cavity of the second buffer rod (24) and the internal cavity of the connecting pipe (25) are both filled with oil.
4. A tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes an electric telescopic rod (31) installed on the lower surface of the movable plate (22). A U-shaped seat is connected to the lower surface of the movable plate (22), and a fixing block (32) is connected to the bottom end of the U-shaped seat. The top ends of the two sets of clamping rods (34) are rotatably connected to the side wall of the fixing block (32).
5. A tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting block (33) is provided below the fixed block (32). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (31) passes through the fixed block (32) and is connected to the connecting block (33). A slot (35) is provided on the side wall of the clamping rod (34). A connecting rod is rotatably connected to both ends of the connecting block (33), and the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the slot (35).
6. A tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes two sets of positioning rods (41) that are slidably connected to the inner wall of the slot (35). The bottom end of the mounting base (21) is connected to a mounting plate (211). A bidirectional threaded rod (42) is rotatably connected to one side surface of the mounting plate (211). The ends of the two sets of positioning rods (41) are threadedly connected to the outer wall of the bidirectional threaded rod (42).
7. A tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first piston rod (43) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the mounting plate (211). One end of the first piston rod (43) is connected to the positioning rod (41), and the internal cavity of the first piston rod (43) is filled with oil.
8. A tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the movable plate (22) is slidably connected to both sides of the first buffer rod (23) with movable blocks (26). The upper surfaces of the two sets of movable blocks (26) are equipped with magnetic sheets. The inner wall of the top of the mounting base (21) is symmetrically fixed with magnetic blocks (27). The movable blocks (26) and magnetic blocks (27) are staggered.
9. A tensile testing machine based on cable production according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moving block (26) has a second piston rod (45) connected to one side surface. The second piston rod (45) and the first piston rod (43) are connected by a delivery pipe (44). The internal cavity of the second piston rod (45) and the delivery pipe (44) are both filled with oil.