A mine ecological restoration vegetation survival rate monitoring device

Abstract

The application relates to a mine ecological restoration vegetation survival rate monitoring device and relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring.The device comprises a mounting frame, a multi-view monitoring unit, a cleaning unit and a water and soil loss monitoring unit; the mounting frame is fixedly arranged on a slope body through an anchor rod; the multi-view monitoring unit is arranged at the upper portion of the mounting frame and is used for collecting image data of slope vegetation at multiple angles; the cleaning unit is arranged at the upper portion of the mounting frame and is used for cleaning and maintaining the multi-view monitoring unit; and the water and soil loss monitoring unit is arranged on the slope body and is used for monitoring the water and soil loss amount of the slope surface. The application has the effect of realizing the automatic and continuous monitoring of the survival rate of mine slope vegetation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring, and in particular to a monitoring device for the survival rate of vegetation in mine ecological restoration. Background Technology

[0002] The vegetation survival rate monitoring device for mine ecological restoration belongs to the field of monitoring technology for mine ecological restoration projects. It is a special monitoring equipment used in ecological restoration projects of damaged mountain slopes and rock slopes in mines for long-term monitoring of vegetation survival status and slope soil and water conservation effects. By combining multi-view image acquisition, environmental parameter sensing and quantitative monitoring of soil and water loss, it can grasp the dynamics of vegetation growth and slope erosion in the restoration area in real time, providing data support for ecological restoration effect assessment and subsequent maintenance decisions. It is widely used in long-term tracking and monitoring scenarios of various ecological restoration projects such as abandoned mines, quarries, and industrial and mining slopes.

[0003] Currently, the survival rate monitoring of vegetation after mine ecological restoration mostly adopts the conventional method of regular on-site surveys combined with quadrat investigations. Staff set up fixed monitoring quadrats along the slope, periodically count the number of surviving plants, measure plant height, and record growth status on-site to estimate the overall survival rate. In some restoration areas with better conditions, fixed single-point monitoring cameras are installed on the slope to remotely collect slope images to help judge the vegetation growth. Soil and water loss is mostly estimated by manually sampling and weighing in simple runoff ponds.

[0004] Existing methods for monitoring vegetation survival rates in mines have significant drawbacks: First, manual on-site monitoring is inefficient and time-consuming, making real-time continuous monitoring impossible. Furthermore, mine slopes are often steep and have complex road conditions, making it difficult for personnel to reach the site under adverse weather conditions, resulting in poor data timeliness and hindering the timely detection of vegetation degradation and slope erosion. Second, there is a lack of automated lens cleaning and maintenance mechanisms. When lenses become dirty, manual cleaning at heights is required, leading to high maintenance costs and operational risks. Long-term neglect of maintenance can cause monitoring equipment to gradually fail. Third, vegetation growth monitoring and soil erosion monitoring are independent of each other, making simultaneous data collection and correlation analysis impossible. This makes it difficult to accurately quantify the impact of soil erosion on vegetation survival and to provide comprehensive data support for the overall assessment of restoration effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve automated and continuous monitoring of vegetation survival rate on mine slopes, reduce on-site operation and maintenance costs, and realize the linkage analysis of vegetation growth monitoring and soil erosion monitoring, this application provides a monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration.

[0006] This application provides a monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration, which adopts the following technical solution: A monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration includes a mounting frame, a multi-view monitoring unit, a cleaning unit, and a soil erosion monitoring unit. The mounting frame is fixed to the slope by anchor bolts. The multi-view monitoring unit is located on the upper part of the mounting frame and is used to collect image data of the slope vegetation from multiple angles. The cleaning unit is located on the upper part of the mounting frame and is used to clean and maintain the multi-view monitoring unit. The soil erosion monitoring unit is located on the slope and is used to monitor the amount of soil erosion on the slope.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the mounting frame is anchored to the mine slope to be monitored using anchor bolts. During daily operation, the multi-view monitoring unit collects images of the slope at a set cycle, the cleaning unit starts at preset intervals to clean and maintain the monitoring lenses, and the soil and water loss monitoring unit continuously receives slope runoff and monitors sediment accumulation. A single device can simultaneously complete vegetation growth monitoring, lens self-maintenance, and quantitative monitoring of soil and water loss, eliminating the need for frequent on-site surveys and equipment cleaning. It can achieve long-term unattended continuous operation, significantly improving the timeliness of monitoring data, reducing on-site operation and maintenance costs and the risks of working at heights. At the same time, vegetation monitoring and soil and water loss data are collected from the same source and can be correlated for analysis, providing complete data support for the evaluation of mine ecological restoration effects.

[0008] Optionally, the multi-view monitoring unit includes a mounting box, a drive motor, and a rotating rod; a controller is mounted on the mounting frame; the mounting box is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame; the drive motor is fixedly mounted inside the mounting box, and a drive gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor; the rotating rod is rotatably inserted into the mounting box, and a camera acquisition device is fixedly mounted at the top of the rotating rod. The camera acquisition device is used to take pictures of the slope vegetation and is electrically connected to the controller. A driven gear is fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod, and the driven gear meshes with the drive gear.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, during use, the controller sends a forward rotation command to the drive motor according to the preset inspection cycle. The drive gear rotates synchronously with the motor output shaft, and after being reduced in speed and torque by the large-diameter driven gear, it drives the rotating rod to rotate. The camera acquisition unit at the top of the rotating rod rotates sequentially with the rod to each preset monitoring point. After reaching the position, the motor stops, and the camera acquisition unit completes the acquisition of vegetation images of the corresponding area. Then it continues to rotate to the next point until the inspection of the entire slope is completed. This realizes the cyclical automatic inspection of multiple points on the slope. The coverage of a single device is wide, and the shooting angle can be precisely controlled by the number of rotations of the motor. The repeated shooting angles at each point are consistent, which is convenient for the later comparison and analysis of vegetation status.

[0010] Optionally, a soil sensor is installed on the mounting bracket. The soil sensor is inserted into the soil of the slope and electrically connected to the controller. The soil sensor is used to collect soil moisture and compaction parameters.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when in use, the soil sensor is inserted into the soil in the root zone of the vegetation on the slope along with the lower part of the mounting frame, continuously collecting environmental parameters such as soil moisture and compaction, and transmitting the data to the controller in real time; thus, soil environmental data of vegetation growth can be obtained simultaneously, and when combined with slope image data, the influencing factors of vegetation survival status can be analyzed more comprehensively, improving the dimensionality of monitoring data and the accuracy of evaluation results.

[0012] Optionally, the cleaning unit includes a synchronization part and a cleaning part; the synchronization part and the cleaning part are located on the mounting box, and the synchronization part is used to drive the cleaning part and the rotating rod to work synchronously; the synchronization part includes an inner ratchet, a pawl, a transmission gear, a central gear, a transmission gear ring, and an isolation sealing frame; the rotating rod has a receiving groove; the inner ratchet is coaxially sleeved on the rotating rod and located above the mounting box; the pawl is rotatably disposed in the receiving groove and meshes with the inner ratchet, and a return spring is provided between the pawl and the inner wall of the receiving groove; the transmission gear is fixedly sleeved on the inner ratchet; the central gear is rotatably mounted above the mounting box and meshes with the transmission gear; the transmission gear ring is located above the mounting box and meshes with the central gear; the isolation sealing frame is located on the mounting box, and the central gear and the transmission gear ring are both located inside the isolation sealing frame, and the isolation sealing frame is fixedly connected to the transmission gear ring.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, during routine inspection, the drive motor rotates forward, and the rotating rod rotates synchronously forward. The inclined surface of the inner teeth of the inner ratchet continuously presses the pawl into the receiving groove. The return spring is in a compressed state, and there is a sliding contact between the pawl and the inner ratchet. The inner ratchet remains stationary, and the entire cleaning unit does not move with the rotating rod, thus not interfering with image acquisition. When the preset cleaning cycle is reached, the controller controls the drive motor to rotate in the reverse direction, and the rotating rod rotates synchronously in the reverse direction. The return spring rebounds, pushing the pawl out of the receiving groove, so that the pawl is engaged in the tooth groove of the inner ratchet, and the two form a meshing state. The inner ratchet rotates synchronously with the rotating rod; power is transmitted to the transmission gear ring via the transmission gear and the intermediate gear, driving the transmission gear ring and the isolation sealing frame to rotate synchronously in the forward direction, providing power to the cleaning section; thus, relying on the unidirectional transmission characteristics of the ratchet and pawl, the drive motor used for inspection is reused as the cleaning power source, eliminating the need for additional drive components, resulting in a more compact overall structure and lower power consumption; the two working conditions of forward inspection and reverse cleaning do not interfere with each other, and the isolation sealing frame can enclose the synchronization section inside, preventing slope mud and dust from entering the transmission pair, reducing the risk of jamming failure, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0014] Optionally, the cleaning unit includes a supporting housing, a sliding rod, and a slope guide ring; the supporting housing is fixed on the isolation sealing frame, and a vertical guide groove is formed on the inner wall of the supporting housing; the sliding rod is slidably inserted into the supporting housing, and a guide block is fixed on the side wall of the sliding rod, the guide block being embedded in the guide groove; a fiber velvet cloth is provided on the side of the sliding rod near the camera acquisition element; the slope guide ring is fixedly mounted on the mounting box, the top surface of the slope guide ring is a continuous undulating slope, and the bottom of the guide block abuts against the top surface of the slope guide ring.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when in use, the isolation sealing frame drives the bearing housing and sliding rod to revolve around the axis of the rotating rod; the guide block is circumferentially limited by the guide groove inside the bearing housing and revolves synchronously with the bearing housing, and the bottom of the guide block always abuts against the top surface of the fixed slope guide ring. During the revolution, the guide block gradually climbs up the inclined slope of the guide ring, pushing the sliding rod to extend towards the camera acquisition device. When the guide block reaches the straight section at the top of the slope, the sliding rod extends to its maximum stroke, and the fiber cloth is stably attached to the mirror surface of the camera acquisition device. It slides forward along the mirror surface with the revolution, completing the entire wiping process. When the guide block passes the straight section and falls back along the other side of the slope, the sliding rod retracts simultaneously, and the fiber cloth detaches from the mirror surface, completing the storage and reset. In this way, by relying on the height change of the fixed slope, the revolution motion is directly converted into the extension and retraction of the sliding rod. The complete cleaning process of "extending and attaching → wiping operation → retraction and storage" can be achieved with only one set of rotary transmission. During the non-cleaning stage, the cleaning device is retracted and stored without obstructing the shooting view, thus balancing the cleaning effect and the independence of the monitoring operation.

[0016] Optionally, a cleaning brush is also provided on the side of the sliding rod near the camera acquisition unit.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, during the wiping process, the cleaning brush contacts the mirror surface before the fiber cloth, sweeping away large particles of dust. Then, the fiber cloth adheres to the mirror surface to wipe away residual fine dust. This forms a double-layer cleaning process of sweeping first and then wiping, avoiding large particles of sand directly rubbing against the mirror surface and causing scratches to the coating. This improves the cleaning effect while extending the service life of the lens.

[0018] Optionally, the soil and water loss monitoring unit includes a sediment collection chamber and an isolation telescopic rod. The sediment collection chamber is fixed to the lower part of the slope and is used to collect sediment eroded by slope runoff. A sediment-bearing support plate is inclinedly installed inside the sediment collection chamber. A weight sensor is installed on the inner bottom wall of the sediment collection chamber. The weight sensor is located below the sediment-bearing support plate and is used to detect the weight of sediment carried on the sediment-bearing support plate. The weight sensor is electrically connected to the controller and transmits the detection signal to the controller. The controller controls the camera to start image acquisition according to the sediment weight threshold. A sediment discharge port is opened on one side of the sediment collection chamber. The isolation telescopic rod is set on the side wall of the sediment collection chamber. An isolation plate is fixed to the movable end of the isolation telescopic rod. The isolation plate is used to control the opening and closing of the sediment discharge port.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, during operation, slope runoff carrying sediment flows downwards and converges into the sediment collection bin at the foot of the slope. The sediment accumulates layer by layer on the sediment-bearing support plate. Weight sensors detect the load-bearing weight of the sediment-bearing support plate in real time and transmit the data to the controller. When the sediment weight reaches a preset threshold, the controller triggers the multi-view monitoring unit to initiate a full-slope image acquisition, simultaneously verifying the current vegetation survival status of the slope. When the accumulated sediment is discharged, the isolation telescopic rod drives the isolation plate to retract outwards, opening the sediment discharge port. The sediment is discharged out of the bin by its own weight. After the sediment discharge is completed, the isolation telescopic rod drives the isolation plate to reset and close the sediment discharge port. In this way, the amount of soil and water loss on the slope is quantitatively monitored by weighing, and the data is accurate and stable. When soil and water loss is abnormal, vegetation image acquisition can be automatically triggered to accurately capture the vegetation status under special conditions such as heavy rainfall and slope erosion, without the need for manual on-site verification. The automatic sediment discharge structure can reduce the frequency of manual dredging and is suitable for unattended operation.

[0020] Optionally, a rock-blocking frame is provided on the top of the mud collection bin. The rock-blocking frame is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mud collection bin via a connecting rod. The rock-blocking frame is used to intercept gravel and dead branches and debris rolling down the slope.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when large-volume debris such as gravel, dead branches and leaves rolling down the slope flow down with the runoff, they are first intercepted by the top retaining frame, and only fine particles of mud and sand enter the sediment collection bin with the runoff. This can prevent large-volume debris from falling into the sediment collection bin and interfering with the accuracy of weight detection, thereby improving the accuracy of soil and water loss monitoring data and the stability of equipment operation.

[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By integrating multi-view monitoring units and soil erosion monitoring units, the system enables simultaneous monitoring and joint analysis of vegetation growth and slope erosion, allowing for unattended continuous operation and significantly improving the timeliness and data integrity of mine ecological restoration monitoring. 2. By setting up a cleaning unit with unidirectional transmission, the inspection power source is reused to achieve automatic lens cleaning. No additional drive components are required. The structure is compact and has low power consumption, which effectively reduces the operation and maintenance costs and operational risks of mining field equipment. 3. By setting threshold-triggered linkage acquisition logic, the slope vegetation status can be automatically checked when soil erosion is abnormal, accurately capturing vegetation survival data under special working conditions, and providing more comprehensive support for the assessment of restoration effect. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal ratchet in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Slope; 2. Mounting frame; 21. Controller; 22. Soil sensor; 3. Multi-view monitoring unit; 31. Mounting box; 32. Drive motor; 321. Drive gear; 33. Rotating rod; 331. Camera acquisition unit; 332. Driven gear; 333. Receiving groove; 4. Cleaning unit; 41. Synchronization part; 411. Inner ratchet; 412. Pawl; 4121. Return spring; 413. Transmission gear; 414. Intermediate gear; 415. 416. Transmission gear ring; 42. Isolation sealing frame; 42. Cleaning section; 421. Bearing housing; 4211. Guide groove; 422. Sliding rod; 4221. Guide block; 4222. Fiber cloth; 4223. Cleaning brush; 423. Slope guide ring; 5. Soil and water loss monitoring unit; 51. Mud collection bin; 511. Mud support plate; 512. Weight sensor; 513. Mud discharge port; 52. Isolation telescopic rod; 521. Isolation plate; 53. Stone retainer; 531. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 This application will be described in further detail.

[0026] This application discloses a device for monitoring the survival rate of vegetation in mine ecological restoration. (Refer to...) Figure 1A monitoring device for monitoring the survival rate of vegetation in mine ecological restoration includes an installation frame 2, a multi-view monitoring unit 3, a cleaning unit 4, and a soil and water loss monitoring unit 5. The entire device is anchored to the slope 1 to be restored in the mine via the installation frame 2 and is used for long-term monitoring of the survival status of vegetation on the slope and the soil and water loss on the slope.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 The mounting frame 2 is a vertically arranged metal frame, with its bottom secured to the slope 1 soil by multiple anchor rods. The upper part of the mounting frame 2 supports the multi-view monitoring unit 3 and the cleaning unit 4. A controller 21 is fixedly installed on the rod of the mounting frame 2, serving as the control core of the entire device. The lower part of the mounting frame 2 extends into the slope soil, where a soil sensor 22 is fixedly installed. The probe of the soil sensor 22 is inserted into the soil in the rhizosphere area of ​​the vegetation to collect environmental parameters such as soil moisture and compaction. The soil sensor 22 is electrically connected to the controller 21, transmitting the collected data to the controller 21 in real time.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The multi-view monitoring unit 3 includes a mounting box 31, a drive motor 32, and a rotating rod 33. The mounting box 31 is a sealed rectangular metal box and is fixed to the top of the mounting bracket 2. The drive motor 32 is fixedly mounted on the inner bottom wall of the mounting box 31, and a drive gear 321 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 32. The rotating rod 33 rotatably passes through the mounting box 31. A driven gear 332 is coaxially fixedly sleeved on the lower part of the rotating rod 33. The driven gear 332 meshes with the drive gear 321, and the diameter of the drive gear 321 is smaller than the diameter of the driven gear 332, forming a reduction transmission structure.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 A camera acquisition unit 331 is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating rod 33. The camera acquisition unit 331 rotates synchronously with the rotating rod 33 and is used to acquire images of the slope vegetation. The camera acquisition unit 331 is electrically connected to the controller 21 and is controlled by the controller 21 to start, stop and take pictures. A receiving groove 333 is opened on the rod wall above the mounting box 31 of the rotating rod 33 for installing the clutch component of the cleaning unit 4.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 The cleaning unit 4 is located above the mounting box 31 and is used to clean and maintain the camera acquisition component 331 of the multi-view monitoring unit 3. The cleaning unit 4 includes a synchronization unit 41 and a cleaning unit 42. The synchronization unit 41 is used to drive the cleaning unit 42 to form a one-way transmission cooperation with the rotating rod 33, and the cleaning unit 42 is used to perform lens wiping operations.

[0031] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The synchronization unit 41 includes an inner ratchet 411, a pawl 412, a transmission gear 413, a central gear 414, a transmission gear ring 415, and an isolation sealing frame 416. The inner ratchet 411 is coaxially sleeved on the rotating rod 33, located above the top surface of the mounting box 31, with its internal teeth facing the rotating rod 33. The pawl 412 is hinged inside the receiving groove 333, and a return spring 4121 is fixedly installed between the pawl 412 and the inner wall of the receiving groove 333. Under normal conditions, the return spring 4121 pushes the pawl 412 outward, causing the end of the pawl 412 to abut against the inner wall of the inner ratchet 411. When the rotating rod 33 rotates in the forward direction, the tooth surface of the inner ratchet 411 presses the pawl 412 back into the receiving groove 333, and the two slide in contact, with the inner ratchet 411 remaining stationary; when the rotating rod 33 rotates in the reverse direction, the pawl 412 engages in the tooth groove of the inner ratchet 411, causing the inner ratchet 411 to rotate synchronously with the rotating rod 33.

[0032] The transmission gear 413 is coaxially fixedly sleeved on the top of the inner ratchet 411 and rotates synchronously with the inner ratchet 411. The intermediate gear 414 is rotatably mounted on the top surface of the mounting box 31, located outside the transmission gear 413, and meshes with the transmission gear 413. The transmission gear ring 415 is an annular gear ring, coaxially sleeved on the outside of the intermediate gear 414, and meshes with the intermediate gear 414. The power of the inner ratchet 411 is transmitted to the transmission gear ring 415 through the transmission gear 413 and the intermediate gear 414, driving the transmission gear ring 415 to rotate. The isolation sealing frame 416 is an annular cover with an open bottom, coaxially fixed on the top of the transmission gear ring 415, and rotates synchronously with the transmission gear ring 415, covering the transmission gear 413, the intermediate gear 414, and the transmission gear ring 415 inside, preventing slope dust and mud from entering the transmission pair.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The cleaning unit 42 includes a supporting housing 421, a sliding rod 422, and a slope guide ring 423. The supporting housing 421 is a vertical rectangular housing, fixedly installed on the top outer side of the isolation sealing frame 416, and revolves synchronously with the isolation sealing frame 416. A vertical guide groove 4211 is formed on the inner wall of the supporting housing 421, extending along the height direction of the supporting housing 421. The sliding rod 422 is vertically inserted into the supporting housing 421, and a guide block 4221 is fixed on the side wall of the sliding rod 422. The guide block 4221 is embedded in the guide groove 4211, so that the sliding rod 422 can only slide vertically along the guide groove 4211. A fiber cloth 4222 is fixed on the end face of the sliding rod 422 near the camera acquisition element 331, and a cleaning brush 4223 is also provided on the same side of the sliding rod 422. The slope guide ring 423 is a ring-shaped component, coaxially fixed on the top surface of the mounting box 31, and located inside the isolation sealing frame 416. The slope guide ring 423 remains fixed and does not rotate. The top surface of the slope guide ring 423 is a continuous undulating slope, including a climbing section, a straight top section and a falling section. The bottom of the guide block 4221 always abuts against the top surface of the slope guide ring 423.

[0034] As the carrier housing 421 revolves with the isolation sealing frame 416, the guide block 4221 slides along the top surface of the slope guide ring 423. When climbing up the slope, it pushes the sliding rod 422 outward, so that the cleaning brush 4223 and the fiber cloth 4222 successively adhere to the mirror surface of the camera acquisition component 331. When it reaches the top straight section, the sliding rod 422 maintains its maximum extension, and the cleaning component sweeps across the mirror surface to complete the wiping as it revolves. When it slides down the return section, the sliding rod 422 retracts inward, and the cleaning component detaches from the mirror surface to complete the storage.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6The soil and water loss monitoring unit 5 is installed at a corresponding position at the bottom of the slope 1 and is used to monitor the amount of soil and water loss on the slope. The soil and water loss monitoring unit 5 includes a sediment collection chamber 51, an isolation telescopic rod 52, and a rock retainer 53. The sediment collection chamber 51 is a chamber with an open top, fixed at the toe of the slope, with the opening facing the direction of slope runoff, and is used to collect the sediment washed down from the slope. The sediment collection chamber 51 has a sediment-bearing plate 511 installed at an incline inside, and a weight sensor 512 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the sediment collection chamber 51. The weight sensor 512 is located below the sediment-bearing plate 511 and is used to detect the total weight of the sediment carried on the sediment-bearing plate 511. The weight sensor 512 is electrically connected to the controller 21 and transmits the weight data to the controller 21 in real time. A mud discharge port 513 is provided on one side wall of the mud collection bin 51. An isolation telescopic rod 52 is fixed to the outer side wall of the mud collection bin 51, corresponding to the mud discharge port 513. An isolation plate 521 is fixed to the movable end of the isolation telescopic rod 52. The extension and retraction of the isolation telescopic rod 52 can drive the isolation plate 521 to open and close the mud discharge port 513, realizing the automatic discharge of mud accumulated in the bin. A stone retainer 53 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mud collection bin 51 through multiple connecting rods 531. The stone retainer 53 has a grid-like structure and is used to intercept large-volume debris such as gravel, dead branches and leaves rolling down the slope, preventing debris from entering the bin and interfering with weight detection or blocking the mud discharge port 513.

[0036] The implementation principle of the mine ecological restoration vegetation survival rate monitoring device in this application embodiment is as follows: During routine inspections, the controller 21 sends a forward rotation command to the drive motor 32 at a preset cycle. The drive motor 32 drives the drive gear 321 to rotate forward, and after being decelerated by the driven gear 332, it drives the rotating rod 33 to rotate in the forward direction. The camera acquisition unit 331 at the top of the rotating rod 33 rotates sequentially with the rod to each preset monitoring point. After reaching the position, the motor stops, and the camera acquisition unit 331 captures images of the slope vegetation in the corresponding area. After completing the acquisition, it continues to rotate to the next point until the entire slope inspection is completed. During this process, the rotating rod 33 rotates in the forward direction, and the pawl 412 slides along the inner wall of the inner ratchet 411. The inner ratchet 411 and the subsequent cleaning transmission structure remain stationary, and the cleaning unit 4 does not move, so it does not interfere with the image acquisition operation. The soil sensor 22 continuously collects slope soil parameters and transmits them to the controller 21 to complete the synchronous monitoring of environmental data.

[0037] When the preset cleaning cycle is reached, the controller 21 controls the drive motor 32 to rotate in the reverse direction, and the rotating rod 33 rotates in the reverse direction synchronously; the return spring 4121 pushes the pawl 412 into the tooth groove of the inner ratchet 411, causing the inner ratchet 411 to rotate in the reverse direction synchronously with the rotating rod 33; the power is transmitted to the transmission gear ring 415 through the transmission gear 413 and the intermediate gear 414 in sequence, causing the transmission gear ring 415 and the isolation sealing frame 416 to rotate in the forward direction, and the bearing housing 421 and the sliding rod 422 rotate around the axis of the rotating rod 33 synchronously with the isolation sealing frame 416. During the revolution, the guide block 4221 slides along the top surface of the fixed slope guide ring 423, first gradually rising along the climbing section, pushing the sliding rod 422 to extend towards the camera acquisition component 331. The cleaning brush 4223 first contacts the lens to sweep away surface dust, and then the fiber cloth 4222 adheres tightly to the lens surface. When the guide block 4221 moves to the top straight section, the sliding rod 422 remains extended, and the cleaning component sweeps across the entire lens surface with the revolution, completing the wiping operation. Then the guide block 4221 slides down along the falling section, and the sliding rod 422 retracts simultaneously. The cleaning component detaches from the lens surface and returns to the storage position, completing a complete lens cleaning process.

[0038] Under soil and water loss monitoring conditions, rainfall runoff on the slope carries sediment downwards. Large debris is first intercepted by the retaining wall 53, while fine sediment particles flow into the sediment collection bin 51 and accumulate layer by layer on the sediment support plate 511. The weight sensor 512 detects the sediment weight in real time and uploads it to the controller 21. When the sediment weight reaches a set threshold, the controller 21 determines that the slope soil and water loss is abnormal and immediately triggers the multi-view monitoring unit 3 to initiate a full-slope image acquisition, simultaneously verifying the current vegetation survival status on the slope, thus achieving a linkage response between soil and water loss monitoring and vegetation monitoring. When the sediment accumulation in the bin reaches the discharge threshold, the controller 21 controls the retraction of the isolation telescopic rod 52, causing the isolation plate 521 to open the discharge port 513. The sediment is discharged out of the bin by its own weight. After the discharge is completed, the isolation telescopic rod 52 drives the isolation plate 521 to reset and close the discharge port 513.

[0039] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring the survival rate of vegetation in mine ecological restoration, characterized in that: The system includes a mounting frame (2), a multi-view monitoring unit (3), a cleaning unit (4), and a soil erosion monitoring unit (5). The mounting frame (2) is fixed on the slope (1) by anchor bolts. The multi-view monitoring unit (3) is located on the upper part of the mounting frame (2) and is used to collect image data of the slope vegetation from multiple angles. The cleaning unit (4) is located on the upper part of the mounting frame (2) and is used to clean and maintain the multi-view monitoring unit (3). The soil erosion monitoring unit (5) is located on the slope (1) and is used to monitor the amount of soil erosion on the slope.

2. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-view monitoring unit (3) includes a mounting box (31), a drive motor (32), and a rotating rod (33); a controller (21) is mounted on the mounting frame (2); the mounting box (31) is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (2); the drive motor (32) is fixedly mounted inside the mounting box (31), and a drive gear (321) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor (32); the rotating rod (33) is rotatably inserted into the mounting box (31), and a camera acquisition device (331) is fixedly mounted at the top of the rotating rod (33). The camera acquisition device (331) is used to take pictures of the vegetation on the slope and is electrically connected to the controller (21). A driven gear (332) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod (33), and the driven gear (332) meshes with the drive gear (321).

3. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: A soil sensor (22) is installed on the mounting frame (2). The soil sensor (22) is inserted into the soil of the slope (1) and is electrically connected to the controller (21). The soil sensor (22) is used to collect soil moisture and compaction parameters.

4. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning unit (4) includes a synchronization part (41) and a cleaning part (42); the synchronization part (41) and the cleaning part (42) are located on the mounting box (31), and the synchronization part (41) is used to drive the cleaning part (42) and the rotating rod (33) to work synchronously; the synchronization part (41) includes an inner ratchet (411), a pawl (412), a transmission gear (413), a central gear (414), a transmission gear ring (415), and an isolation sealing frame (416); the rotating rod (33) is provided with a receiving groove (333); the inner ratchet (411) is coaxially sleeved on the rotating rod (33) and located above the mounting box (31); the pawl (412) is rotatably disposed in the receiving groove (333) and is connected to the inner ratchet (411) in a convex manner. A ratchet (411) is engaged, and a return spring (4121) is provided between the pawl (412) and the inner wall of the receiving groove (333); the transmission gear (413) is fixedly sleeved on the inner ratchet (411); the intermediate gear (414) is rotatably mounted above the mounting box (31) and meshes with the transmission gear (413); the transmission gear ring (415) is located above the mounting box (31) and meshes with the intermediate gear (414); the isolation sealing frame (416) is located on the mounting box (31), and the intermediate gear (414) and the transmission gear ring (415) are both located inside the isolation sealing frame (416), and the isolation sealing frame (416) is fixedly connected to the transmission gear ring (415).

5. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cleaning unit (42) includes a support housing (421), a sliding rod (422), and a slope guide ring (423). The support housing (421) is fixed on the isolation sealing frame (416), and the inner wall of the support housing (421) is provided with a vertical guide groove (4211). The sliding rod (422) is slidably inserted into the support housing (421), and a guide block (4221) is fixed on the side wall of the sliding rod (422). The guide block (4221) is embedded in the guide groove (4211). A fiber velvet cloth (4222) is provided on the side of the sliding rod (422) near the camera acquisition device (331). The slope guide ring (423) is fixed on the mounting box (31), and the top surface of the slope guide ring (423) is a continuous undulating slope. The bottom of the guide block (4221) abuts against the top surface of the slope guide ring (423).

6. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cleaning brush (4223) is also provided on the side of the sliding rod (422) near the camera acquisition unit (331).

7. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil and water loss monitoring unit (5) includes a sediment collection chamber (51) and an isolation telescopic rod (52). The sediment collection chamber (51) is fixed to the lower part of the slope (1) and is used to collect the sediment eroded by the slope runoff. The sediment collection chamber (51) is inclinedly equipped with a sediment-bearing support plate (511). A weight sensor (512) is installed on the inner bottom wall of the sediment collection chamber (51). The weight sensor (512) is located below the sediment-bearing support plate (511) and is used to detect the weight of the sediment carried on the sediment-bearing support plate (511). Electrically connected to the controller (21), the weight sensor (512) transmits the detection signal to the controller (21). The controller (21) controls the camera acquisition device (331) to start image acquisition according to the sediment weight threshold. A mud discharge port (513) is provided on one side of the mud collection bin (51). The isolation telescopic rod (52) is set on the side wall of the mud collection bin (51). An isolation plate (521) is fixed to the movable end of the isolation telescopic rod (52). The isolation plate (521) is used to control the opening and closing of the mud discharge port (513).

8. The monitoring device for vegetation survival rate in mine ecological restoration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the mud collection bin (51) is provided with a stone retainer (53), which is fixedly connected to the side wall of the mud collection bin (51) by a connecting rod (531). The stone retainer (53) is used to intercept gravel and dead branches and debris rolling down the slope.

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