A device and method for collecting and monitoring sediment from slope runoff

Abstract

The application relates to a device and a method for collecting and monitoring sediment of slope runoff. The device comprises a sand collecting assembly arranged on a slope surface for collecting runoff and sediment of the slope surface; a supporting assembly connected with the sand collecting assembly for supporting the sand collecting assembly; a flow control assembly communicated with an outlet of the sand collecting assembly for switching the flow direction; a runoff measuring assembly communicated with a first outlet of the flow control assembly for measuring the runoff and sediment parameters during rainfall; and a dry sand collecting assembly communicated with a second outlet of the flow control assembly for collecting dry sand during non-rainfall period. The method comprises the following steps: installing the sand collecting assembly on the slope surface and fixing the sand collecting assembly through the supporting assembly; during rainfall, the flow control assembly guides the runoff and sediment collected by the sand collecting assembly to the runoff measuring assembly for measurement; and after rainfall stops, the dry sand collected by the sand collecting assembly is guided to the dry sand collecting assembly for collection. The application has the functions of portability and flexible application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring technology, specifically to a slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The collection and monitoring of slope runoff sediment is an important basic means for studying soil erosion patterns, evaluating the benefits of soil and water conservation, and monitoring the agricultural production environment. The accuracy and continuity of the data directly affect the reliability of relevant scientific conclusions and management decisions.

[0003] Existing slope runoff monitoring facilities are typically large, fixed structures, which are costly to construct, complex to install, and difficult to dismantle and relocate once built, making them inflexible for monitoring slopes of different regions and slope types. Furthermore, these facilities primarily collect and measure runoff and sediment during rainfall periods, lacking specialized structures for effectively collecting and separating dry sand generated by wind and gravity erosion during non-rainfall periods. This results in dry sand samples being susceptible to quality changes due to evaporation, wind erosion, and animal disturbance under natural conditions, making it difficult to obtain accurate erosion data. The inventors, through their creative efforts, discovered that the root cause of these deficiencies lies in the lack of a separation and collection mechanism that can automatically switch the fluid flow direction based on rainfall conditions, and the lack of an adjustable and detachable slope runoff and sediment collection and monitoring device adapted to slope conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device and method to solve the technical problems of existing slope runoff sediment observation facilities, such as high cost, complex installation, difficulty in adapting to different slope terrains, and inability to effectively separate and collect runoff sediment during rainfall and dry sand during non-rainfall periods. It has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong adaptability, reliable sample separation and not easily contaminated.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, which adopts the following technical solution: A slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device includes: A sand collection component, installed on a slope, is used to collect runoff and sediment from the slope. A support component, which is connected to the sand collection component, is used to support and fix the sand collection component; The diversion control component is connected to the outlet of the sand collection component and is used to switch the fluid flow direction according to the rainfall status; A runoff measurement component, which is connected to the first outlet of the diversion control component, is used to measure runoff sediment parameters during the rainfall period; A dry sand collection component, which is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control component, is used to collect dry sand during non-rainy periods.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the sand collection component is set on the slope to collect runoff and sediment. The support component is connected to the sand collection component, which not only supports and fixes the sand collection component, but also makes it very convenient to assemble and disassemble from the slope, and can be flexibly applied to the observation needs of different regions. The diversion control component is connected to the outlet of the sand collection component to switch the fluid flow direction according to the rainfall status. The runoff measurement component is connected to the first outlet of the diversion control component to measure the runoff and sediment parameters during the rainfall period. The dry sand collection component is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control component to collect dry sand during the non-rainfall period. Optionally, the sand collection component includes: The sand collection trough and sand collection pipe are arranged at an inclination. The sand collection trough is located on the slope and its inlet is used to collect slope runoff. The two ends of the sand collection pipe are respectively sealed to the outlet of the sand collection trough and the inlet of the diversion control component. The sand collection assembly also includes an angle adjustment component, which is disposed at the connection between the sand collection pipe and the sand collection trough or on a section of the sand collection pipe, for adjusting the tilt angle of the sand collection pipe relative to the sand collection trough.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the sand collection component connects to the slope runoff through an inclined sand collection trough and sand collection pipe, relying on gravity to achieve smooth gravity-flow transport of sediment without the need for an external power source. This simplifies the overall structure and significantly reduces manufacturing costs. An angle adjustment component is installed between the sand collection pipe and the sand collection trough, allowing the inclination angle of the sand collection pipe to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual slope of the slope. This ensures that the inlet end of the sand collection pipe is always adjusted to an inclined position slightly lower than the outlet of the sand collection trough, promoting smooth flow of sediment into subsequent components under gravity and effectively avoiding the problem of sediment accumulation and blockage in the pipe due to slope angle differences.

[0008] Optionally, the cross-section of the sand collection trough is V-shaped or U-shaped, and a guide plate for inserting into the slope is provided on the side of the sand collection trough near the slope. Splash baffles are provided on both sides above the inlet of the sand collection trough.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the cross-section of the sand collection trough is V-shaped or U-shaped, which allows runoff and sediment to naturally converge towards the center of the trough bottom, preventing sediment from accumulating at the edge of the trough. The guide plate is inserted into the slope, which not only fits closely to the slope soil but also effectively guides the slope runoff into the sand collection trough, reducing sediment leakage from below. The splash guards are set on both sides above the inlet of the sand collection trough, which can delineate the sediment in the measured area, ensuring that only sediment or dry sand in the monitored area is collected during both rainy and non-rainy periods.

[0010] Optionally, the support component includes: A triangular support frame, which is connected to the sand collection trough; Anchors, located at the bottom of the support frame, are used to fix the support frame to the ground.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the support frame and the guide plate together form a complete triangular structure, utilizing the principle of triangle stability to provide stable support for the sand collection trough under sloping terrain conditions. At the same time, the anchors fix the support frame to the slope, enhancing the device's resistance to overturning under external forces such as wind. When it is necessary to observe other areas or slopes, the entire device can be easily moved to the area or slope to be observed after removing the anchors, guide plates, and splash guards.

[0012] Optionally, the support frame is made of stainless steel tubing and includes hollow horizontal and vertical tubes, which are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the sand collection trough. The horizontal pipe is connected to the sand collection pipe and can flush the sand collection pipe. The horizontal pipe is equipped with an anti-clogging component to prevent mud and sand from flowing back into the horizontal pipe.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the horizontal pipe is connected to the sand collection pipe, allowing external flushing fluid to be injected into the sand collection pipe through the horizontal pipe for reverse flushing, thereby removing the mud and sand deposits attached to the inner wall of the pipe and keeping the pipe unobstructed. The anti-clogging component installed in the horizontal pipe does not obstruct the forward flow of fluid under normal transport conditions. However, when the mud and sand flow back due to gravity or pressure difference, the fixed plate and the rotating plate together form a blocking reaction force under the action of mud and sand backflow, preventing the mud and sand from entering the interior of the horizontal pipe and avoiding the horizontal pipe from being blocked and failing.

[0014] Optionally, the anti-clogging component includes multiple fixed plates fixedly connected to the inner wall of the horizontal tube, and multiple rotating plates rotatably connected to the inner wall of the horizontal tube. Each of the fixed plates and each of the rotating plates are spaced apart, and the fixed plates and the rotating plates together form a cone; When the silt flows back onto the anti-clogging component, the fixed plate and the rotating plate together form a blocking reaction force that causes the silt to flow back into the horizontal pipe.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the anti-clogging component installed inside the horizontal pipe does not obstruct the forward flow of fluid under normal conveying conditions. However, when silt flows back due to gravity or pressure difference, the rotating plate and the fixed plate exert radial pressure on each other and press them together to form a sealing reaction force, preventing silt from entering the interior of the horizontal pipe and avoiding the horizontal pipe from becoming clogged and failing.

[0016] Optionally, the shunt control component includes: A rainfall detection unit, used to detect rainfall status and generate rainfall signals; The control unit is signal-connected to the rainfall detection unit and is used to receive the rainfall signal and output a switching command; An electric valve unit is electrically connected to the control unit. The inlet of the electric valve unit is connected to the sand collection pipe. The first outlet of the electric valve unit is connected to the runoff measuring component. The second outlet of the electric valve unit is connected to the dry sand collection component. The electric valve unit connects the inlet to the first outlet or the second outlet according to the command of the control unit.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the diversion control component senses the rainfall status in real time through the rainfall detection unit and generates a rainfall signal. The control unit outputs a switching command accordingly, and the electric valve unit responds to the switching command to open the corresponding path, realizing the automatic switching of the flow path during the rainfall period and the non-rainfall period without the need for manual on-site intervention, thus ensuring the automated operation of the device under long-term unattended conditions in the field.

[0018] Optionally, the rainfall detection unit includes a rain gauge and an infrared sensor disposed inside the rain gauge. The control unit includes a time delay relay electrically connected to the infrared sensor. The electric valve unit is an electric two-way valve. The time delay relay is used to control the electric two-way valve to switch to open the inlet and the second outlet after the infrared sensor detects that the rainfall has stopped and a preset time has elapsed.

[0019] Optionally, the dry sand collection component includes: A sand collection bucket, which is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control component; A sealing cap is provided at the top opening of the sand collection bucket, and the sealing cap is provided with a flow hole for fluid to flow in; A sampling valve, located at the bottom of the sand collection bucket, is used to drain the fluid inside the bucket or extract samples.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the sealing cap is placed at the top opening of the sand collection bucket, which can effectively prevent the dry sand sample inside the bucket from losing moisture due to evaporation, being mixed with impurities due to wind and sand blowing in, and being disturbed by animal touch during non-rainy periods, thus ensuring the originality and representativeness of the dry sand sample; the sampling valve is located at the bottom of the sand collection bucket, which facilitates the discharge of excess fluid or the extraction of samples without disturbing the sediment inside the bucket, improving the convenience of sampling operations and the accuracy of samples.

[0021] Secondly, this application provides a method for collecting and monitoring slope runoff sediment, using the aforementioned slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, and employing the following technical solution: A method for collecting and monitoring sediment from slope runoff includes: Installation steps: Install the sand collection component on the slope and fix it with the support component; Rainfall period measurement steps: During rainfall, the diversion control component guides the runoff and sediment collected by the sediment collection component to the runoff measurement component for measurement; Dry sand collection steps: After the rainfall stops, the diversion control component delays for a preset time and then guides the dry sand collected by the sand collection component to the dry sand collection component for collection.

[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. In the slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device and method provided by this invention, the sediment collection component is directly installed on the slope. Runoff and sediment enter through the inlet of the sediment collection component and then enter the diversion control component through the outlet. The diversion control component switches the fluid flow direction according to the rainfall status. During rainfall, the runoff and sediment are guided to the runoff measuring component connected to the first outlet for real-time measurement. During non-rainfall periods, the dry sand is guided to the dry sand collection component connected to the second outlet for sealed collection. Thus, the device, through the state switching function of the diversion control component, realizes the automatic diversion and separation collection of runoff sediment during rainfall and dry sand during non-rainfall periods. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies that can only monitor rainfall erosion but cannot obtain wind erosion and gravity erosion data. At the same time, it avoids the pollution of dry sand samples due to exposure to the natural environment, such as evaporation, wind and sand, and animal interference, ensuring the purity of erosion samples and the integrity of data at different times. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view illustrating the slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal tube of the slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device embodying this application; Figure 3 It is a manifestation Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the interceptor component embodied in this application.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Sand collection assembly; 11. Sand collection trough; 12. Sand collection pipe; 111. Guide plate; 112. Splash guard; 20. Support components; 21. Support frame; 211. Horizontal tube; 212. Vertical tube; 22. Anchors; 30. Flow diversion control assembly; 31. Electric valve unit; 40. Runoff measurement components; 50. Dry sand collection assembly; 51. Sand collection bucket; 52. Sealing cover; 60. Anti-blocking component; 61. Fixing plate; 62. Rotating plate; 621. Wedge-shaped surface; 622. Overlapping part; 611. Wedge-shaped surface; 612. Bearing part. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following will refer to the appendices in the embodiments of this application. Figures 1-4 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described.

[0026] To help those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, specific embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments represent only a part of the present invention, and not all of it. All other implementations obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Furthermore, the directional or positional terms used in this article, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," are used only for ease of description and simplification and do not imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation or position.

[0028] This application discloses a slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device includes a sediment collection component 10, a support component 20, a diversion control component 30, a runoff measurement component 40, and a dry sand collection component 50. The sediment collection component 10 is installed on the slope, with its inlet end close to the slope surface, and is used to collect runoff and sediment generated on the slope. The support component 20 is fixedly connected to the sediment collection component 10, and its bottom is fixed to the ground, providing stable support and positioning for the sediment collection component 10. The inlet of the diversion control component 30 is sealed to the outlet of the sediment collection component 10 via a pipe. This diversion control component 30 is used to detect the external rainfall status in real time and automatically switch the flow direction of the internal fluid according to whether there is rainfall. The runoff measurement component 40 is connected to the first outlet of the diversion control component 30 via a pipeline, and is used to measure parameters of runoff sediment samples generated during rainfall. The dry sand collection component 50 is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control component 30 via a pipeline, and is used to specifically collect dry sand generated by wind erosion and gravity erosion during non-rainfall periods.

[0030] During rainfall, the diversion control component 30 opens the first outlet, guiding the sediment mixed with runoff to the runoff measuring component 40 for real-time online monitoring. After the rainfall stops for a period of time, the diversion control component 30 automatically switches and opens the second outlet, guiding the dry sand that subsequently slides into the sand collection component 10 to the dry sand collection component 50 for sealed storage. This solves the problem that traditional fixed monitoring plots cannot distinguish between dry and wet erosion samples, and that dry sand samples are easily subject to secondary contamination. At the same time, the overall structure is modularly assembled, and the components can be detached and connected, greatly facilitating relocation and deployment at multiple different slope locations.

[0031] In one embodiment, the sand collection assembly 10 specifically includes a generally elongated sand collection trough 11 and a sand collection pipe 12. The sand collection trough 11 is inclined and installed on a slope to collect runoff and sediment from the upper slope, with its lower end serving as the outlet. The inlet end of the sand collection pipe 12 is sealed to the outlet end of the sand collection trough 11, and the outlet end of the sand collection pipe 12 is sealed to the inlet end of the diversion control assembly 30, thereby forming a continuous fluid transport channel.

[0032] To further adapt to different slope inclinations and ensure that sediment flows smoothly from the collection trough 11 into the collection pipe 12 under gravity, the collection assembly 10 is also equipped with an angle adjustment component. This angle adjustment component is located at the connection between the collection pipe 12 and the collection trough 11, or on a section of the collection pipe 12 itself. For example, the angle adjustment component can be a corrugated flexible hose section with a locking function, or a rotatable locking connector with an angle scale. When the device is installed on slopes of different inclinations, the operator can adjust the angle adjustment component to change the pitch angle of the collection pipe 12 relative to the collection trough 11, thereby ensuring that the inlet section of the collection pipe 12 is always approximately parallel to or slightly lower than the slope, preventing sediment from accumulating at the connection point and causing blockage due to sudden angle changes. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional fixed devices that cannot adapt to complex terrain, giving the device a high degree of adaptability—it's "plug and play."

[0033] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the sand collection trough 11 is V-shaped or U-shaped. This inward-curving trough structure can utilize gravity to naturally guide the runoff and sediment entering the trough and collect them at the center line of the trough bottom, avoiding sediment accumulation at the edges of the trough and improving collection efficiency. An inclined guide plate 111 is integrally extended or fixedly connected to the upper edge of the inlet of the sand collection trough 11 near the slope. This guide plate 111 is thin-bladed, facilitating tight insertion into the shallow soil of the slope. During installation, pressing the guide plate 111 into the soil not only helps to fix the sand collection trough 11 but also effectively eliminates the gap between the inlet of the sand collection trough 11 and the slope, guiding all the slope runoff and sediment into the trough, preventing water and sand from seeping from below the trough, and ensuring sample integrity. Furthermore, a splash guard 112 is erected on each side above the inlet of the sand collection trough 11. The splash guard 112 can delineate the mud and sand in the measured area, ensuring that only mud and sand or dry sand of the monitored area is collected during both rainy and non-rainy periods.

[0034] In one embodiment, the support assembly 20 includes a triangular support frame 21 and anchors 22. The support frame 21 is a frame structure, with its top fixedly connected to the bottom of the sand collection trough 11, providing a stable installation foundation for the sand collection trough 11. The triangular frame structure utilizes the principle of triangle stability in structural mechanics, providing reliable support for the entire sand collection assembly 10 on uneven slopes and preventing it from tilting under its own weight or wind force. The anchors 22 are rod-shaped objects with pointed ends, fixed at the bottom corners of the support frame 21. During installation, the anchors 22 are hammered into the slope to a certain depth, firmly locking the support frame 21 onto the slope, further enhancing the device's ability to resist strong winds and animal disturbance, and ensuring the stability of long-term field monitoring.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the support frame 21 is preferably made of lightweight and rust-resistant stainless steel tubing. The base of its triangular frame is a hollow horizontal tube 211, and the vertical sides can be hollow or solid longitudinal tubes 212. One end of the horizontal tube 211 and one end of the longitudinal tube 212 are respectively fixed to the left and right ends of the sand collection trough 11. The other end of the horizontal tube 211 and the other end of the longitudinal tube 212 are fixedly connected, and one end of the anchor 22 is vertically fixed at the base angle of the triangular face formed by the horizontal tube 211 and the longitudinal tube 212. The horizontal tube 211, as part of the support structure, also functions as a fluid passage. One end of the horizontal tube 211 is connected to an external water source or pressurized gas interface, and the other end is connected to the sand collection pipe 12. When maintenance is required, clean water or compressed gas can be injected from the end of the horizontal pipe 211. The fluid enters the sand collection pipe 12 through the internal channel of the horizontal pipe 211 and performs reverse flushing of the sand collection pipe 12 from the inside out to remove the sediment deposited in the pipe, thus achieving the purpose of cleaning without disassembly.

[0036] However, during normal transport, the sediment in the sand collection pipe 12 may flow back into the horizontal pipe 211 due to gravity or internal pressure fluctuations, causing the horizontal pipe 211 to become blocked and fail. To address this, an anti-blocking component 60 is installed at the interface between the horizontal pipe 211 and the sand collection pipe 12.

[0037] In one embodiment, the anti-clogging component 60 includes multiple arc-shaped fixed plates 61 and multiple arc-shaped rotating plates 62. The multiple fixed plates 61 are arranged in a fan-shaped array, with their roots fixedly connected to the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 211; the multiple rotating plates 62 are also arranged in a fan-shaped array, but their roots are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the horizontal pipe 211 via a rotating shaft. All the fixed plates 61 and rotating plates 62 are arranged at intervals, together forming a cone shape with its tip pointing towards the sand collection pipe 12. When fluid flows back from the sand collection pipe 12 to the horizontal pipe 211, the silt will first impact the tip of the cone, and exert outward pressure on the surrounding fixed plates 61 and rotating plates 62. At this time, each rotating piece 62 rotates around the axis under the pressure of the mud and sand and moves closer to each other, forming a closed cone surface together with the fixed piece 61. Each piece abuts and constrains each other, and the outward expanding circumferential force cancels each other out between adjacent pieces, forming a continuous circumferential clamping effect. The overall bearing stiffness is improved, thereby generating a sealing reaction force, which physically prevents the mud and sand from continuing to enter the interior of the horizontal pipe 211.

[0038] Please refer to the following: Figure 4 The adjacent rotating plates 62 facing the sand collection pipe 12 are supported by the fixed plates 61. The thickness directions of the two plates first form wedge-shaped surfaces 621 and 611, respectively, and the overlapping part 622 of the rotating plate 62 overlaps on the bearing part 612 of the fixed plate 61. When the sediment flows back, a pressing force perpendicular to the wedge-shaped surfaces is generated between the wedge-shaped surfaces 621 and 611, which makes the adjacent rotating plates 62 and fixed plates 61 tend to open outward, and the wedge surfaces are pressed tighter, generating a self-locking tendency to resist circumferential opening and disengagement.

[0039] When forward flushing is required from the horizontal pipe 211 to the sand collection pipe 12, water flow or air pressure will push the rotating plate 62 to open around the axis from the inside, thereby instantly opening the passage and allowing unobstructed forward flow. This purely mechanical anti-clogging structure requires no electricity or manual control, is highly responsive and stable, and together achieves the dual beneficial effects of preventing backflow clogging and allowing reverse flushing.

[0040] To achieve automated control during rainfall, the diversion control component 30 specifically includes a rainfall detection unit, a control unit, and an electric valve unit 31. The rainfall detection unit is an independent sensor module used to continuously sense whether rainfall is occurring in the external environment and generate corresponding rainfall signals in real time. The control unit establishes a signal connection with the rainfall detection unit, receiving the rainfall signals transmitted from the detection unit and outputting switching commands to the electric valve unit 31 according to preset logic rules. The electric valve unit 31 has one inlet and two outlets. The inlet of the electric valve unit 31 is connected to the outlet of the sand collection pipe 12 via a pipeline; its first outlet is connected to the runoff measurement component 40; and its second outlet is connected to the dry sand collection component 50.

[0041] In one specific implementation, the rainfall detection unit includes an upward-facing rain gauge and an infrared sensor installed inside the rain gauge to detect rainwater flow. The control unit includes a time-delay relay electrically connected to the infrared sensor. When rainfall occurs, raindrops enter the rain gauge and are continuously detected by the infrared sensor, which outputs a rain signal. At this time, the relay does not activate, and the electric valve unit 31 connects the inlet and the first outlet flow path. When the rainfall completely stops and no new rainwater enters the rain gauge, the infrared sensor detects the absence of rain, and the time-delay relay starts timing. After a preset time, if there is no further rainwater signal, the time-delay relay activates, switching the flow path to connect the inlet and the second outlet. Since residual runoff continues to flow out of the slope immediately after rainfall ends, this fluid still belongs to the rainfall period runoff and should be included in the runoff measurement component 40 for measurement. By delaying the switching, the integrity of the rainfall period sample collection is ensured, preventing a small amount of runoff at the end of the rainfall period from being mistakenly mixed into the dry sand collection component 50.

[0042] The dry sand collection assembly 50 is used for high-quality, targeted collection and preservation of dry sand samples during non-rainy periods. Its main body is a standardized sand collection bucket 51, the inlet of which is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control assembly 30 via a pipeline. The top of the sand collection bucket 51 has an opening, which is tightly covered by a sealing cap 52. The edge of the sealing cap 52 is equipped with a flexible sealing ring to prevent free exchange of air between the inside and outside. The sealing cap 52 has a flow hole for fluid from the diversion control assembly 30 to flow in, and the interface of this flow hole is also sealed. Once collection is complete, the entire interior of the sand collection bucket 51 becomes a relatively sealed space. The sealing cap 52 effectively prevents the moisture in the collected dry sand sample from evaporating under natural conditions and also avoids cross-contamination caused by external windblown sand. Furthermore, a sampling port with a valve, i.e., a sampling valve, is provided at the bottom of the sand collection bucket 51. When it is necessary to extract sediment samples from the bucket or drain excess water, the sampling valve can be opened for operation. The entire process does not require opening the top sealing cap 52, thus avoiding disturbing the original sedimentary state of the mud and sand inside the bucket and greatly improving the accuracy and convenience of sampling.

[0043] To ensure the durability and reliability of the sand collection component 10, the materials for the sand collection trough 11 and sand collection pipe 12 can be lightweight and corrosion-resistant stainless steel sheet, rigid PVC, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or lightweight alloys with anti-corrosion treatment. The length of the sand collection trough 11 can be flexibly adjusted according to the width of the monitored slope, with a typical size range of 0.5m to 2m, and the inlet width is recommended to be between 10cm and 30cm. The inner diameter of the sand collection pipe 12 should not be less than 5cm to prevent clogging when large-diameter sediment particles pass through. At the interface between the sand collection pipe 12 and the sand collection trough 11, a coarse filter screen can also be added, with a mesh size larger than the target sediment particle size, to intercept large-volume debris such as stones and fallen leaves that may accidentally mix in. It can be drawer-type or snap-on type for easy disassembly and cleaning. The sand collection bucket 51 is preferably made of lightweight and sturdy engineering plastics such as HDPE. In addition to stainless steel pipes, support frame 21 can also be made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipes or high-strength aluminum alloy pipes to meet the needs of different cost budgets and environmental rust prevention levels.

[0044] This application also provides a method for slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring, which is implemented based on the slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device described in any of the above embodiments. The monitoring device specifically includes the previously described sediment collection component 10, support component 20, diversion control component 30, runoff measurement component 40, and dry sediment collection component 50. The method mainly includes the following steps: Step S101, Installation steps: Insert the guide plate 111 of the sand collection component 10 into and attach it to the slope, and use the anchor 22 of the support component 20 to firmly fix the entire device to the target monitoring point.

[0045] Step S102, Rainfall Measurement Step: During rainfall, the rainfall detection unit in the diversion control component 30 continuously detects rainwater. The control unit controls the valve core of the electric valve unit 31 to keep the flow path between the inlet and the first outlet open, so that all the turbid fluid containing runoff and sediment collected by the sediment collection component 10 is directed to the runoff measurement component 40. The runoff measurement component 40 completes the online real-time measurement of parameters such as sediment content and runoff volume.

[0046] Step S103, Dry Sand Collection Step: After rainfall completely stops, the rainfall detection unit outputs a no-rain signal, and the time-delay relay in the control unit starts timing. After a preset delay time (e.g., 1 hour), it is confirmed that the residual runoff on the slope has basically run off. Then, the valve core of the electric valve unit 31 is switched to open the flow path between the inlet and the second outlet, guiding all the pure dry sand generated by wind erosion and gravity erosion to the dry sand collection component 50, where it falls into the sealed sand collection bucket 51 for storage. This method, by decomposing the hardware actions of the device into several clear and orderly stages, realizes the automated, all-time, multi-type accurate collection and measurement of erosion products of different periods and types on the slope, comprehensively making up for the previous technical limitations of only being able to monitor rainfall erosion.

[0047] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, characterized in that, include: A sand collection component (10) is installed on the slope to collect runoff and sediment from the slope. A support component (20) is connected to the sand collection component (10) and is used to support and fix the sand collection component (10). The diversion control component (30) is connected to the outlet of the sand collection component (10) and is used to switch the fluid flow direction according to the rainfall status; The runoff measurement component (40) is connected to the first outlet of the diversion control component (30) and is used to measure runoff sediment parameters during the rainfall period; A dry sand collection component (50), which is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control component (30), is used to collect dry sand during non-rainy periods.

2. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand collection component (10) includes: A sand collection trough (11) and a sand collection pipe (12) are arranged at an inclination. The sand collection trough (11) is located on the slope and the inlet of the sand collection trough (11) is used to receive the slope runoff. The two ends of the sand collection pipe (12) are respectively sealed and connected to the outlet of the sand collection trough (11) and the inlet of the diversion control component (30). The sand collection assembly (10) also includes an angle adjustment component, which is located at the connection between the sand collection pipe (12) and the sand collection trough (11) or on a section of the sand collection pipe (12), for adjusting the tilt angle of the sand collection pipe (12) relative to the sand collection trough (11).

3. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the sand collection trough (11) is V-shaped or U-shaped. A guide plate (111) for inserting into the slope is provided on the side of the sand collection trough (11) near the slope. Splash baffles (112) are provided on both sides above the inlet of the sand collection trough (11).

4. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support component (20) includes: A triangular support frame (21) is connected to the sand collection trough (11); An anchor (22), which is located at the bottom of the support frame (21), is used to fix the support frame (21) to the ground.

5. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support frame (21) is made of stainless steel tube and includes a hollow horizontal tube (211) and a vertical tube (212), the horizontal tube (211) and the vertical tube (212) being fixedly connected to both ends of the sand collection trough (11); The horizontal pipe (211) is connected to the sand collection pipe (12) and can flush the sand collection pipe (12). The horizontal pipe (211) is provided with an anti-blocking component (60) to prevent mud and sand from flowing back into the horizontal pipe (211).

6. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anti-blocking component (60) includes a plurality of fixed pieces (61) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the horizontal tube (211) and a plurality of rotating pieces (62) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the horizontal tube (211). Each of the fixed pieces (61) and each of the rotating pieces (62) are spaced apart, and the fixed pieces (61) and the rotating pieces (62) together form a cone; When the silt flows back onto the anti-blocking component (60), the fixed plate (61) and the rotating plate (62) together form a blocking reaction force that allows the silt to flow back into the horizontal pipe (211).

7. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shunt control component (30) includes: A rainfall detection unit, used to detect rainfall status and generate rainfall signals; The control unit is signal-connected to the rainfall detection unit and is used to receive the rainfall signal and output a switching command; An electric valve unit (31) is electrically connected to the control unit. The inlet of the electric valve unit (31) is connected to the sand collection pipe (12). The first outlet of the electric valve unit (31) is connected to the runoff measuring component (40). The second outlet of the electric valve unit (31) is connected to the dry sand collection component (50). The electric valve unit (31) connects the inlet to the first outlet or the second outlet according to the instruction of the control unit.

8. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rainfall detection unit includes a rain gauge and an infrared sensor installed inside the rain gauge. The control unit includes a time delay relay electrically connected to the infrared sensor. The electric valve unit (31) is an electric two-way valve. The time delay relay is used to control the electric two-way valve to switch to open the inlet and the second outlet after the infrared sensor detects that the rainfall has stopped and delays for a preset time.

9. The slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry sand collection component (50) includes: A sand collection bucket (51) is connected to the second outlet of the diversion control assembly (30); A sealing cap (52) is provided on the top opening of the sand collection bucket (51), and the sealing cap (52) is provided with a flow hole for fluid to flow in; A sampling valve, located at the bottom of the sand collection bucket (51), is used to discharge fluid from the bucket or extract samples.

10. A method for collecting and monitoring sediment from slope runoff, characterized in that, Using the slope runoff sediment collection and monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: Installation steps: Install the sand collection component (10) on the slope and fix it with the support component (20); Rainfall measurement steps: During rainfall, the diversion control component (30) diverts the runoff and sediment collected by the sediment collection component (10) to the runoff measurement component (40) for measurement; Dry sand collection steps: After the rainfall stops, the diversion control component (30) delays for a preset time and then guides the dry sand collected by the sand collection component (10) to the dry sand collection component (50) for collection.

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