Quantum inversion method, device and equipment for temperature rise of reactor partial discharge and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides an electric reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion method, device, equipment and storage medium, and belongs to the field of ultra-high voltage electrical equipment monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the phase-locked output of ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 two resonance branches in a diamond NV color center ODMR spectrum; sequentially performing baseline deduction, rotating according to a reference phase to concentrate effective frequency shifts in in-phase components, gain unification and frequency sensitivity calibration on each branch to generate equivalent frequency shift observation; constructing a differential mode response quantity and a common mode response quantity according to the equivalent frequency shift observation of the two branches to respectively invert a local discharge induced magnetic field and a local transient temperature rise. The application separates the magnetic response and the temperature rise response from the same quantum sensing signal by constructing the differential mode and the common mode response quantity, solves the problem of mutual crosstalk between temperature drift and discharge magnetic response, and improves the explainability and anti-crosstalk ability of early identification of ultra-high voltage electric reactor insulation defects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of ultra-high voltage electrical equipment monitoring, and in particular relates to a quantum inversion method, device, equipment and storage medium for partial discharge temperature rise of reactors. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-high voltage reactors are key equipment in AC power transmission systems, responsible for reactive power compensation, limiting switching overvoltages, and improving the stability of power grid operation. If sharp defects, foreign matter attachments, or insulation damage occur in the internal oil-paper insulation, winding ends, outgoing line devices, or local air gaps, it may initially manifest as weak partial discharge. As discharges occur repeatedly, local energy deposition will further cause temperature rise and dielectric degradation, eventually developing into high-energy electric arcs, pressure surges, structural stress on the tank, and the risk of combustion and explosion.

[0003] Current partial discharge and arc monitoring typically rely on signals such as ultra-high frequency (UHF), ultrasound, optics, pressure, oil chromatography, or electromagnetic pulses. While these signals are valuable for engineering diagnostics, they also have limitations: optical signals may be blocked by windings, cores, or insulation structures; pressure waves experience propagation delays and are susceptible to reflections from the tank structure; UHF and electromagnetic pulses are easily interfered with by external electromagnetic environments and other discharge types; temperature measurements usually reflect heat accumulation and are difficult to capture transient magnetic field information from early, weak discharges. Diamond NV color centers (NV centers) offer the advantages of room-temperature operation, optical initialization, and fluorescence readout. The transient magnetic field generated by the partial discharge current in the NV-sensitive region can alter the positions of the two ODMR resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, through Zeeman interactions; the transient temperature rise caused by discharge energy deposition induces a unidirectional drift of the two resonant branches by changing the zero-field splitting parameter. Therefore, the same quantum sensing signal simultaneously contains magnetic field and temperature information. If only a single ODMR operating point or a single fluorescence amplitude threshold is used for judgment, it is easy to misjudge temperature drift as electromagnetic response, or to misjudge background magnetic disturbance as temperature rise change.

[0004] Existing technologies related to NV color centers mostly focus on probe structure, magnetic field measurement, temperature measurement, or general common-mode suppression. For example, some technologies improve field adaptability through probe structure integration, some use two ODMR peaks for temperature or magnetic field measurement, and some use differential calculation to suppress common-mode interference in other application scenarios. These solutions do not address the issue of co-source coupling between weak partial discharge and transient temperature rise in UHV reactors, nor do they establish a joint inversion method based on dual-resonance branch phase-locked output and using partial discharge events and temperature rise comparisons as verification paths. Therefore, existing technologies cannot separate the partial discharge electromagnetic response and temperature rise response from the same quantum sensing signal, resulting in significant signal crosstalk under electro-thermal coupling conditions, a lack of independent comparisons for event determination, and a lack of error evaluation in temperature rise inversion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method, apparatus, device and storage medium for quantum inversion of partial discharge temperature rise in reactors.

[0006] This application provides a quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise in reactors, including: The phase-locked outputs of the two resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, in the ODMR spectral line of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit are obtained. The phase-locked output of each branch includes in-phase components and quadrature components. Baseline subtraction is performed on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component after offset subtraction. Based on the in-phase component after bias subtraction and the quadrature component after bias subtraction, a phase rotation is performed according to the reference phase to generate a rotated in-phase component and a rotated quadrature component; the phase rotation causes the effective frequency shift response to be concentrated in the rotated in-phase component; Based on the rotated in-phase component, gain unification is performed to generate a normalized in-phase component; Based on the normalized in-phase component, frequency sensitivity calibration is performed to generate an equivalent frequency shift observation. Based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, differential mode response and common mode response are constructed; the differential mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches. The partial discharge induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are respectively inverted based on the differential mode response and the common mode response.

[0007] Optionally, the baseline subtraction includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is continuously acquired for a duration not less than a predetermined time. The average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period is calculated, and the average value is determined as the zero-point bias. For the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch, the corresponding zero-point bias is subtracted from each sampling point.

[0008] Optionally, the phase rotation includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the ODMR spectrum of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is scanned respectively, and the phase-locked operating point of each branch is determined according to the spectrum. The phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component is recorded at the phase-locked operating point, and the phase relationship is determined as the reference phase. The in-phase component and the quadrature component after bias subtraction are rotated according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component.

[0009] Optionally, the gain uniformization includes: A known magnetic field is applied to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, and the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 are recorded respectively. The response slopes are determined as the calibration slopes of each branch. The rotated in-phase component is normalized according to the calibration slopes to generate the normalized in-phase component.

[0010] Optionally, the frequency sensitivity calibration includes: The diamond NV center quantum sensing unit is calibrated by applying a standard magnetic field, or by using the known physical constant of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficient to obtain the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1; the normalized in-phase component is converted into the equivalent frequency shift observation using the frequency sensitivity coefficient.

[0011] Optionally, the partial discharge-induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are inverted based on the differential-mode response and the common-mode response, respectively, including: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the differential mode response and the common mode response are continuously collected, and their respective noise standard deviation and mean are calculated. The differential mode threshold is set based on the mean of the differential mode response and the standard deviation of the noise, and the common mode threshold is set based on the mean of the common mode response and the standard deviation of the noise. The partial discharge induced magnetic field is inverted based on the differential mode response only when the differential mode response exceeds the differential mode threshold. Local transient temperature rise is inverted based on the common-mode response only when the common-mode response exceeds the common-mode threshold.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes: Under multiple operating conditions, the differential mode response, the common mode response, the UHF partial discharge reference signal, and the reference temperature measurement data were recorded respectively to establish a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise reference sample library. The differential mode threshold and the common mode threshold are updated based on the statistical characteristics in the partial discharge time window sample library, and the temperature sensitivity coefficient used for inversion is updated based on the statistical characteristics in the temperature rise comparison sample library.

[0013] This application also provides a reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device, comprising: The acquisition module acquires the phase-locked outputs of the two resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, in the ODMR spectral lines of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit. The phase-locked output of each branch includes in-phase components and quadrature components. The subtraction module performs baseline subtraction on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component after subtraction of the offset. The rotation module performs phase rotation according to the reference phase based on the in-phase component after offset subtraction and the quadrature component after offset subtraction, generating rotated in-phase component and rotated quadrature component; the phase rotation causes the effective frequency shift response to be concentrated in the rotated in-phase component; The normalization module performs gain unification based on the rotated in-phase component to generate a normalized in-phase component. The calibration module performs frequency sensitivity calibration based on the normalized in-phase component and generates an equivalent frequency shift observation. The module constructs a differential-mode response and a common-mode response based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches; the differential-mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common-mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches. The inversion module inverts the partial discharge induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise based on the differential mode response and the common mode response, respectively.

[0014] Optionally, the baseline subtraction includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is continuously acquired for a duration not less than a predetermined time. The average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period is calculated, and the average value is determined as the zero-point bias. For the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch, the corresponding zero-point bias is subtracted from each sampling point.

[0015] Optionally, the phase rotation includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the ODMR spectrum of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is scanned respectively, and the phase-locked operating point of each branch is determined according to the spectrum. The phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component is recorded at the phase-locked operating point, and the phase relationship is determined as the reference phase. The in-phase component and the quadrature component after bias subtraction are rotated according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component.

[0016] Optionally, the gain uniformization includes: A known magnetic field is applied to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, and the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 are recorded respectively. The response slopes are determined as the calibration slopes of each branch. The rotated in-phase component is normalized according to the calibration slopes to generate the normalized in-phase component.

[0017] Optionally, the frequency sensitivity calibration includes: The diamond NV center quantum sensing unit is calibrated by applying a standard magnetic field, or by using the known physical constant of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficient to obtain the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1; the normalized in-phase component is converted into the equivalent frequency shift observation using the frequency sensitivity coefficient.

[0018] Optionally, the partial discharge-induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are inverted based on the differential-mode response and the common-mode response, respectively, including: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the differential mode response and the common mode response are continuously collected, and their respective noise standard deviation and mean are calculated. The differential mode threshold is set based on the mean of the differential mode response and the standard deviation of the noise, and the common mode threshold is set based on the mean of the common mode response and the standard deviation of the noise. The partial discharge induced magnetic field is inverted based on the differential mode response only when the differential mode response exceeds the differential mode threshold. Local transient temperature rise is inverted based on the common-mode response only when the common-mode response exceeds the common-mode threshold.

[0019] Optionally, it also includes: Under multiple operating conditions, the differential mode response, the common mode response, the UHF partial discharge reference signal, and the reference temperature measurement data were recorded respectively to establish a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise reference sample library. The differential mode threshold and the common mode threshold are updated based on the statistical characteristics in the partial discharge time window sample library, and the temperature sensitivity coefficient used for inversion is updated based on the statistical characteristics in the temperature rise comparison sample library.

[0020] This application also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements a reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion method as described above.

[0021] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the above-described reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion method.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this application are: This application provides a quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise in reactors, comprising: acquiring the phase-locked outputs of two resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, in the ODMR spectral line of a diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, wherein the phase-locked output of each branch includes an in-phase component and a quadrature component; performing baseline subtraction on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate an in-phase component and a quadrature component after bias subtraction; performing phase rotation according to the in-phase component and the quadrature component after bias subtraction, based on a reference phase, to generate a rotated in-phase component and a rotated quadrature component; the phase rotation... The effective frequency shift response is concentrated on the rotated in-phase component; gain unification is performed based on the rotated in-phase component to generate a normalized in-phase component; frequency sensitivity calibration is performed based on the normalized in-phase component to generate an equivalent frequency shift observation; differential-mode response and common-mode response are constructed based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches; the differential-mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common-mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches; the partial discharge induced magnetic field and local transient temperature rise are inverted based on the differential-mode response and the common-mode response, respectively. This application, by constructing differential-mode and common-mode response and inverting the partial discharge induced magnetic field and local transient temperature rise, achieves the separation of magnetic response and temperature rise response from the same quantum sensing signal, solving the problem of crosstalk between temperature drift and electromagnetic discharge response in the prior art, and improving the interpretability and anti-crosstalk capability of early identification of insulation defects in UHV reactors. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the quantum inversion process for partial discharge temperature rise of the reactor in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the common-mode to differential-mode decoupling of the dual-resonance branch in this application; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification of the transient temperature rise inversion error in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the experimental data supporting the quantum inversion method of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the differential mode response trend under the discharge condition of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be provided in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is to be understood that the various forms of disclosure should not be limited to the embodiments set forth in this application. Rather, the embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0025] This application provides a quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of reactors, which is applied to the cross-technical field of online monitoring of ultra-high voltage electrical equipment and solid-state quantum sensing. It is used to solve the problems of significant crosstalk in existing single-channel quantum measurement under electrothermal coupling conditions, lack of independent comparison for event judgment, and lack of error evaluation in temperature rise inversion.

[0026] This application falls within the intersection of the fields of online monitoring technology for ultra-high voltage electrical equipment and solid-state quantum precision measurement technology, specifically involving application scenarios such as early weak discharge of internal insulation defects in ultra-high voltage reactors, continuous discharge heat accumulation, and discharge development status assessment.

[0027] This application sets phase-locked operating points around the two ODMR resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 respectively, and obtains the phase-locked outputs of the two branches through small-amplitude microwave frequency modulation and phase-sensitive detection; the outputs are then subjected to phase correction, gain unification, baseline subtraction, and frequency shift calibration to obtain... and ; Reconstruct the differential response and common mode response Among them, the partial discharge-induced magnetic field causes the two branches to produce frequency shifts in opposite directions, mainly entering... The transient temperature rise causes the two branches to shift in the same direction, mainly entering... .

[0028] The relationship between differential mode response and local magnetic field disturbance is calibrated by standard magnetic field source, magnetic field of current-carrying conductor or displacement of permanent magnet; the relationship between zero field splitting parameter and temperature change is calibrated by controllable temperature rise test; the partial discharge pulse moment is recorded by UHF sensor as event reference, and thermocouple, fiber optic temperature measurement or infrared temperature measurement is used as temperature reference, thus forming a complete inversion and verification path.

[0029] The key to this application lies in the fact that the protected object is not the specific packaging, excitation, readout, frequency tracking hardware, or field-fixed structure of the NV color center probe, but rather a dual-branch quantum signal decoupling, calibration, matching, and error evaluation method for the coupled partial discharge and transient temperature rise conditions of UHV reactors. Compared with device-type schemes that detect partial discharge solely through quantum sensor modules, this application further defines the phase correction, gain unification, equivalent frequency shift conversion, differential-mode / common-mode inversion, and verification with the same time base as UHF and reference temperature measurement signals for the dual-branch phase-locked output. Compared with schemes that obtain the electric field intensity change rate based on the microwave frequency of the ODMR trough and determine partial discharge based on a threshold, this application does not use the electric field intensity change rate as the criterion, but instead uses Zeeman reverse frequency shift and zero-field splitting in the same direction drift to invert the discharge response and transient temperature rise respectively. Compared with differential frequency tracking or differential magnetic acquisition systems, the technical focus of this application is not on eliminating temperature drift to obtain a single magnetic field quantity, but on retaining and separating the temperature common-mode component, thereby forming a joint evaluation result of partial discharge and temperature rise.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps of the method described in this application include: S101. Obtain the phase-locked output of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 in the ODMR spectrum of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit. The phase-locked output of each branch includes in-phase components and quadrature components.

[0031] In an ultra-high voltage reactor or its equivalent discharge test structure, a diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is used to obtain the phase-locked output of the ms=0→+1 resonance branch and the ms=0→-1 resonance branch in the ODMR spectrum.

[0032] The phase-locked output includes the in-phase output of each resonant branch. and orthogonal output , Pick or ,in and The quadrature voltage components are obtained by phase-sensitive detection of the fluorescence signal modulated by the lock-in amplifier in the corresponding resonant branch. Alternating or synchronous modulation is performed near the linear frequency discrimination operating points of the two resonant branches (ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1) by a microwave source. The fluorescence intensity is collected by a photodetector and the X / Y components are output by the lock-in amplifier.

[0033] The phase-locked output provides the raw data foundation for subsequent signal processing.

[0034] The NV quantum sensing unit referred to in this application refers to a sensing unit that can generate ODMR spectral lines and output signals related to the changes in the resonant frequency of the NV color center. It can be an existing diamond NV color center probe, a laboratory quantum sensing platform, or an engineered packaging module. This application does not limit its specific packaging, excitation, readout, or mounting structure.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the NV quantum sensing unit is arranged in the vicinity of the needle-needle or needle-plate equivalent defect structure.

[0036] Before the experiment, ODMR spectra were scanned under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature to determine the center frequency, linewidth, and phase-locked operating point of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1. Subsequently, small-amplitude frequency modulations were applied near the two branches, and in-phase output X and quadrature output Y were acquired respectively. The effective frequency shift response was rotated to the in-phase channel using a reference phase, and the noise standard deviation was recorded as the basis for subsequent threshold calculations.

[0037] S102. Perform baseline subtraction on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component after subtracting the offset.

[0038] The baseline subtraction includes: continuously acquiring the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, with an acquisition time of not less than 30s; calculating the average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period, and determining the average value as the zero-point bias; and subtracting the corresponding zero-point bias from the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch at each sampling point.

[0039] Specifically, under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, dual-branch ODMR spectra, phase-locked output baseline, and noise standard deviation are continuously acquired for no less than 30 seconds. The initial bias is the average value of the phase-locked output or the average value of the equivalent frequency shift of each branch during the stable acquisition period. In subsequent data processing, each sampling point of the same branch is fully subtracted to reduce the influence of optical link gain differences, static background magnetic field, and initial ambient temperature on the inversion results.

[0040] Baseline subtraction can effectively eliminate the inherent zero-point offset of the system.

[0041] S103. Based on the in-phase component after bias subtraction and the quadrature component after bias subtraction, perform phase rotation according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component; the phase rotation causes the effective frequency shift response to be concentrated on the rotated in-phase component.

[0042] The phase rotation includes: under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, scanning the ODMR spectrum of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, and determining the phase-locked operating point of each branch based on the spectrum.

[0043] The phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component is recorded at the phase-locked loop (PLL) operating point, and the phase relationship is determined as the reference phase. The in-phase component and the quadrature component after offset subtraction are rotated according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component.

[0044] In specific calculations, for each resonant branch Record the locked phase components respectively and orthogonal components Reference phase obtained during the stable baseline period After rotating, we get: .

[0045] in, For the first The in-phase components of each branch, For the first The orthogonal components of the branch, For the first The reference phase of the branch, This refers to the in-phase component after rotation.

[0046] Meanwhile, the rotated positive traffic channel is used as a quality evaluation metric for phase mismatch, transmission delay, and residual noise.

[0047] The purpose of this step is to concentrate the effective frequency shift response onto the in-phase channel, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0048] in, Pick or , representing the resonant branch ms=0→+1 and the resonant branch ms=0→-1, respectively.

[0049] S104. Based on the rotated in-phase component, perform gain unification to generate a normalized in-phase component.

[0050] The gain uniformity includes applying a known magnetic field to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, recording the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 respectively, determining the response slope as the calibration slope of each branch, and normalizing the rotated in-phase component according to the calibration slope to generate the normalized in-phase component.

[0051] After deducting the initial bias and according to gain After normalization, the correction amount is obtained: .

[0052] in, The in-phase component after rotation. For the first The initial bias of the branch, For the first The calibrated slope of each branch road, This refers to the normalized in-phase component.

[0053] Used to eliminate inconsistencies between two resonant branches caused by differences in optical link gain.

[0054] S105. Based on the normalized in-phase component, perform frequency sensitivity calibration and generate equivalent frequency shift observations.

[0055] The frequency sensitivity calibration includes applying a standard magnetic field to the diamond NV center quantum sensing unit for calibration, or using the known physical constant of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficient for conversion to obtain the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 respectively; and using the frequency sensitivity coefficients to convert the normalized in-phase component into the equivalent frequency shift observation.

[0056] Using frequency sensitivity coefficient The conversion yields: .

[0057] in, For the first Frequency sensitivity coefficient of the branch circuit The normalized in-phase components, For the first Equivalent frequency shift observations for each branch. in Corresponding to the resonant branch where ms=0→+1 The corresponding resonant branch is ms=0→-1.

[0058] This calculation sequence ensures that phase error, channel gain difference, and frequency sensitivity difference have been uniformly corrected before entering the common-mode / differential-mode calculation.

[0059] S106. Based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, construct the differential mode response and the common mode response; the differential mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches.

[0060] according to Construct the differential response; according to Construct the common-mode response; in, The equivalent frequency shift observation for the resonant branch from ms=0 to +1 is given. The equivalent frequency shift observation for the resonant branch from ms=0 to -1 is given. For differential mode response, This is the common-mode response.

[0061] The differential mode response represents the reverse frequency shift of the two resonant branches and is used to extract one or more features from the amplitude of the partial discharge induced magnetic field, the rate of change of the magnetic field, the duration, the intensity of the repetitive discharge electromagnetic response, and the envelope of the discharge magnetic field; the common mode response represents the same frequency shift of the two resonant branches and is used to extract one or more features from the peak temperature rise, the rate of temperature rise, the degree of heat accumulation, the temperature recovery time, and the temperature drift trend.

[0062] Partial discharge induced a magnetic field that caused opposite frequency shifts in the two branches, mainly entering... The transient temperature rise causes the two branches to shift in the same direction, mainly entering... .

[0063] S107. The partial discharge induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are inverted based on the differential mode response and the common mode response, respectively.

[0064] Based on the differential-mode response and the common-mode response, the partial discharge-induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are inverted, including: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the differential mode response and the common mode response are continuously collected, and their respective noise standard deviation and mean are calculated. The differential mode threshold is set based on the mean of the differential mode response and the standard deviation of the noise, and the common mode threshold is set based on the mean of the common mode response and the standard deviation of the noise. The partial discharge induced magnetic field is inverted based on the differential mode response only when the differential mode response exceeds the differential mode threshold. Local transient temperature rise is inverted based on the common-mode response only when the common-mode response exceeds the common-mode threshold.

[0065] The magnetic field sensitivity coefficient between the differential mode response and local magnetic field disturbance is established through tests using a standard magnetic field source, a current-carrying conductor's magnetic field, or a permanent magnet displacement test; the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the zero-field splitting parameter as a function of temperature is established through a controlled temperature rise test; and then, the magnetic field sensitivity coefficient and the temperature sensitivity coefficient are used to... and This is converted into a partial discharge induced magnetic field and a local transient temperature rise.

[0066] When the phase-locked detection bandwidth is lower than the characteristic frequency of a single partial discharge transient magnetic disturbance, the differential mode response is output as the equivalent partial discharge magnetic field strength, average discharge response, or discharge magnetic field envelope characteristics within the phase-locked integration time window; when the detection link bandwidth, sampling rate, and signal-to-noise ratio meet the transient resolution requirements, the peak value, rise time, and decay time of the single discharge magnetic field are further output.

[0067] The transient analysis requirements include: the sampling interval is not greater than 1 / 10 of the effective time window width, the phase-locked loop time constant is not greater than 1 / 3 of the rise time to be output, the detection link -3dB bandwidth covers the main frequency band of the pulse to be analyzed, and the differential mode peak value is not less than 3 times the standard deviation of the discharge baseline noise or the signal-to-noise ratio is not less than 6dB.

[0068] The inversion includes establishing the magnetic field sensitivity coefficient between the differential mode response and the local magnetic field disturbance through a standard magnetic field source, a magnetic field of a current-carrying conductor, or a displacement test of a permanent magnet, and establishing the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the zero-field splitting parameter as a function of temperature through a controllable temperature rise test.

[0069] In magnetic field calibration, a known magnetic field disturbance can be generated using a standard magnetic field coil, a current-carrying straight conductor, or a controllable displacement permanent magnet, and the disturbances are recorded accordingly. , Sum and difference mode response ,Establish The linear or piecewise linear relationship between the local magnetic field components in the NV axis direction and the magnetic field components in the NV axis direction.

[0070] During temperature calibration, a constant temperature platform, local heating elements, or a controlled heating structure can be used to change the temperature of the NV-sensitive area and record the common-mode response. The temperature sensitivity coefficient is obtained by analyzing the relationship between the temperature and the control temperature.

[0071] The inversion process also includes matching the differential mode response with the UHF partial discharge control signal under the same time base to obtain the partial discharge detection result.

[0072] Using the partial discharge pulse times recorded by the UHF sensor as a reference, an effective time window is set near each partial discharge pulse.

[0073] The ultra-high frequency sensor includes an external or internal UHF partial discharge sensor with a frequency band of 300MHz to 1500MHz, an HFCT-100 type high-frequency current transformer, or a reference acquisition device with equivalent sampling bandwidth and trigger accuracy. If the differential mode response exceeds the discharge-free baseline noise threshold within the time window, and the time of occurrence of the differential mode response is within the allowable time deviation range of the ultra-high frequency partial discharge pulse, then the NV quantum sensing unit is determined to have detected a partial discharge event within the window. The allowable time deviation range is ±50μs to ±200μs, preferably ±100μs, or determined according to the combined uncertainty of the phase-locked loop time constant, sampling period, and UHF trigger jitter.

[0074] In practice, the high-voltage power supply output is gradually increased to induce repetitive, weak partial discharges in the needle tip defect area. Simultaneously, the NV dual-branch phase-locked output, UHF partial discharge signal, and reference temperature signal are acquired. During data processing, the data is first... and Perform gain homogenization and baseline subtraction, then calculate separately. and .

[0075] like If the discharge noise threshold is exceeded within the effective time window near the UHF partial discharge pulse, and the response time meets the allowable time deviation, then the quantum sensor is determined to have detected a partial discharge event within that window.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown, in the temperature rise inversion, The temperature rise curve is converted from the temperature sensitivity coefficient to an NV inversion curve, and point-by-point comparisons are performed using valid control points that coincide with the sampling time of thermocouples or fiber optic temperature measurements. The quality of the temperature rise inversion can be evaluated using average relative error, root mean square error, or maximum absolute error. If partial discharge recurs within a short period of time, It can represent the intensity of the repetitive discharge electromagnetic response or the envelope of the discharge magnetic field; It can represent the degree of heat accumulation and the temperature recovery process.

[0077] The inversion process also includes matching the temperature rise inversion result corresponding to the common-mode response with reference data from thermocouples, fiber optic thermometry, or infrared thermometry point by point to obtain the temperature rise inversion error. Specifically, under continuous discharge or controlled heating conditions, an effective temperature rise reference point is selected that coincides with the sampling time of the reference temperature measurement device. The NV inversion temperature rise value at the same time is compared with the reference temperature rise value point by point, and the accuracy of the temperature rise inversion is evaluated by the average relative error, root mean square error, or maximum absolute error.

[0078] The inversion process also includes establishing a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise control sample library under multiple sets of discharge voltage, tip spacing, sensor unit distance, discharge duration, and temperature rise stage; the sample library establishment process includes: Under each operating condition, a no-discharge baseline was first acquired, followed by the UHF trigger time and the dual-branch data. Differential Mode Response Common mode response The temperature values ​​and the reference temperature values ​​are entered into the database according to the operating condition number, timestamp, valid window, detection label, and error label. The discharge voltage is preferably 13kV to 19kV, the needle tip spacing is preferably 1mm to 10mm, the sensing unit distance is preferably 20mm to 300mm, and there are no less than 50 effective partial discharge windows for each operating condition. Differential threshold Preferred by Confirmed, among which Take 3 to 5, and These are the mean and standard deviation of the baseline without discharge, respectively; Common mode threshold Preferred by Determined, where the common-mode threshold is... Take 2 to 4; The magnetic field sensitivity coefficient is calculated based on the standard magnetic field calibration or the NV axis frequency shift coefficient of 28kHz / μT. The temperature sensitivity coefficient is preferably taken as -70kHz / K to -80kHz / K or a controllable temperature rise calibration value is adopted. The differential mode threshold, common mode threshold, magnetic field sensitivity coefficient, temperature sensitivity coefficient, and time window matching parameters are updated based on the sample library.

[0079] In practice, the above steps are repeated for different discharge voltages, needle tip spacing, sensor unit distances, discharge durations, and temperature rise stages to form a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise control sample library.

[0080] Preferably, the discharge voltage is set to 13kV, 16kV and 19kV, the needle tip spacing is set to 1mm to 10mm, and the sensing unit distance is set to 20mm to 300mm; for each operating condition, a no-discharge baseline of no less than 30s is collected first, and then no less than 50 UHF trigger effective windows and no less than 30 temperature rise control points are collected.

[0081] The threshold can be expressed as the mean of the no-discharge baseline plus k times the noise standard deviation, where the differential mode threshold k is 3 to 5 and the common mode threshold k is 2 to 4. Alternatively, a statistical threshold that satisfies the target false alarm rate and false negative rate can be used.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 2As shown, this application uses the phase-locked output of the dual-resonance branch as the original input, and uses the differential-mode channel and the common-mode channel to carry the partial discharge magnetic response and temperature rise response respectively, and completes the verification with independent sensing signals, which can form a quantum sensing inversion method for weak insulation defects in UHV reactors.

[0083] Finally, the partial discharge magnetic field characteristics, transient temperature rise characteristics, and corresponding reliability evaluation results are output.

[0084] This application has at least the following beneficial effects: First, by utilizing the anisotropic and cotropic response relationships of the two ODMR branches to magnetic field and temperature, the local discharge electromagnetic response and temperature rise response are separated at the signal level, reducing the crosstalk of temperature drift to discharge identification.

[0085] Second, by providing a comparison using ultra-high frequency partial discharge signals and independent temperature measurement signals, the method can not only output the inversion results, but also the partial discharge detection rate and temperature rise error, making the method verifiable.

[0086] Third, when the phase-locked loop bandwidth is insufficient to resolve a single discharge transient, the result is defined as the equivalent magnetic field strength or the discharge magnetic field envelope to avoid over-interpretation beyond the capabilities of the measurement link and improve the sufficiency of disclosure and technical credibility of the application documents.

[0087] Fourth, this application does not limit the specific hardware structure of the NV probe and can be used in conjunction with different forms of NV quantum sensing units, which facilitates complementarity with existing hardware patents.

[0088] The data in Table 1 below are from the quantum sensing system packaging test, ODMR reference spectrum test, dynamic response test and 13kV to 19kV discharge condition test in the technical report. They are used to illustrate the feasibility of this application, the basis for threshold setting and the verification boundary; the specific values ​​do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection.

[0089] Table 1:

[0090] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown in Table 1, under the condition of no external field disturbance, the system obtains two ODMR resonant branches at 2.862234 GHz and 2.872203 GHz, with an average center frequency of 2.867219 GHz, an interpeak split of approximately 9.969 MHz, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 5.71 MHz and 5.431 MHz, respectively.

[0091] The dual-branch data is differential mode. With common mode The construction provides a basis for repeatable spectral lines.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 5As shown, under discharge conditions of 13kV, 16kV, and 19kV, the phase-locked output is approximately 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. 4 ns to 6.0×10 4 A resolvable transient response appears near the ns time window, and the response amplitude increases with increasing voltage. This phenomenon can serve as experimental support for partial discharge time window matching and differential mode threshold setting.

[0093] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, this application also provides a reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device, including: acquisition module 201, subtraction module 202, rotation module 203, normalization module 204, calibration module 205, construction module 206 and inversion module 207.

[0094] The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire the phase-locked outputs of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 in the ODMR spectrum of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit. The phase-locked output of each branch includes in-phase components and quadrature components.

[0095] The acquisition module 201 includes a diamond NV center quantum sensing unit, a microwave source, a photodetector, and a lock-in amplifier. The diamond NV center quantum sensing unit is used to generate ODMR spectral lines and output optical signals related to the changes in the NV center resonance frequency. It can be an existing diamond NV center probe, a laboratory quantum sensing platform, or an engineered packaged module. This application does not limit its specific packaging, excitation, readout, or mounting structure.

[0096] The microwave source is used for alternating or synchronous modulation near the linear frequency discrimination operating points of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1.

[0097] The photodetector is used to collect fluorescence intensity and convert it into an electrical signal.

[0098] The lock-in amplifier is used to perform phase-sensitive detection on the modulated fluorescence signal and outputs in-phase output X_s(t) and quadrature output Y_s(t) for each resonant branch, where s takes the value + or -.

[0099] In the embodiment, the NV quantum sensing unit is arranged in the vicinity of the needle-needle or needle-plate equivalent defect structure. Before the experiment begins, the ODMR spectrum is scanned under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature to determine the center frequency, spectral linewidth and phase-locked operating point of the two resonant branches.

[0100] The subtraction module 202 is connected to the acquisition module 201 and is used to perform baseline subtraction on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component after subtraction of the offset.

[0101] The deduction module 202 includes a data acquisition unit and a calculation unit.

[0102] The data acquisition unit is used to continuously acquire the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, with an acquisition time of not less than 30 seconds. The calculation unit is used to calculate the average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period, determine the average value as the zero-point bias, and subtract the corresponding zero-point bias from the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch at each sampling point to reduce the influence of optical link gain differences, static background magnetic field, and initial ambient temperature on the inversion results.

[0103] The rotation module 203 is connected to the subtraction module 202 and is used to perform phase rotation according to the reference phase based on the in-phase component after subtraction and the quadrature component after subtraction, so as to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component; the phase rotation causes the effective frequency shift response to be concentrated on the rotated in-phase component.

[0104] The rotation module 203 includes a spectral line scanning unit and a rotation transformation unit.

[0105] The spectral scanning unit is used to scan the ODMR spectral lines of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit under the condition of no partial discharge and stable temperature. The phase-locked operating point of each branch is determined according to the spectral lines, and the phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component is recorded at the phase-locked operating point. The phase relationship is determined as the reference phase.

[0106] The rotation transformation unit is used to perform rotation transformation on the in-phase component after offset subtraction and the quadrature component after offset subtraction according to the reference phase, to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component, and at the same time, the rotated quadrature channel is used as a quality evaluation metric for phase mismatch, transmission delay and residual noise.

[0107] The normalization module 204 is connected to the rotation module 203 and is used to perform gain normalization based on the rotated in-phase component to generate a normalized in-phase component.

[0108] The normalization module 204 includes a calibration slope measurement unit and a normalization calculation unit.

[0109] The calibration slope measurement unit is used to apply a known magnetic field to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, and record the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 respectively, and determine the response slope as the calibration slope of each branch.

[0110] The normalization operation unit is used to normalize the rotated in-phase component according to the calibration slope, and generate the normalized in-phase component to eliminate the inconsistency between the two resonant branches caused by the difference in optical link gain.

[0111] The calibration module 205 is connected to the normalization module 204 and is used to perform frequency sensitivity calibration based on the normalized in-phase component and generate an equivalent frequency shift observation.

[0112] The calibration module 205 includes a frequency sensitivity coefficient acquisition unit and a frequency shift conversion unit. The frequency sensitivity coefficient acquisition unit is used to apply a standard magnetic field to the diamond NV center quantum sensing unit for calibration, or to convert the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, using the known physical constants of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficients.

[0113] The frequency shift conversion unit is used to convert the normalized in-phase component into the equivalent frequency shift observation using the frequency sensitivity coefficient, where u +(t) corresponds to the resonance branch of ms=0→+1, u -(t) corresponds to the resonance branch of ms=0→-1.

[0114] The construction module 206 is connected to the calibration module 205 and is used to construct the differential mode response and the common mode response based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches; the differential mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches.

[0115] The building module 206 includes a differential mode operation unit and a common mode operation unit.

[0116] The differential operation unit is used to calculate R_d(t)=[u +(t)-u The differential mode response is constructed using R_c(t) / 2, and the common mode operation unit is used to construct the differential mode response based on R_c(t)=[u +(t)+u -(t)] / 2 constructs the common mode response.

[0117] The differential mode response represents the reverse frequency shift of the two resonant branches and is used to extract one or more features from the amplitude of the partial discharge induced magnetic field, the rate of change of the magnetic field, the duration, the intensity of the repetitive discharge electromagnetic response, and the envelope of the discharge magnetic field; the common mode response represents the same frequency shift of the two resonant branches and is used to extract one or more features from the peak temperature rise, the rate of temperature rise, the degree of heat accumulation, the temperature recovery time, and the temperature drift trend.

[0118] The inversion module 207 is connected to the construction module 206 and is used to invert the partial discharge-induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise based on the differential-mode response and the common-mode response, respectively. The inversion module 207 includes a threshold setting unit, a magnetic field inversion unit, and a temperature rise inversion unit. The threshold setting unit is used to continuously collect the differential-mode response and the common-mode response under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, calculate their respective noise standard deviations and means, and set a differential-mode threshold based on the mean and noise standard deviation of the differential-mode response, and set a common-mode threshold based on the mean and noise standard deviation of the common-mode response.

[0119] The magnetic field inversion unit is used to invert the partial discharge induced magnetic field based on the differential mode response only when the differential mode response exceeds the differential mode threshold; the temperature rise inversion unit is used to invert the local transient temperature rise based on the common mode response only when the common mode response exceeds the common mode threshold.

[0120] The inversion module 207 also includes a magnetic field calibration unit and a temperature calibration unit.

[0121] The magnetic field calibration unit is used to establish the magnetic field sensitivity coefficient between the differential mode response and the local magnetic field disturbance through a standard magnetic field source, a current-carrying conductor magnetic field, or a permanent magnet displacement test. A known magnetic field disturbance can be generated using a standard magnetic field coil, a current-carrying straight conductor, or a controllable displacement permanent magnet.

[0122] The temperature calibration unit is used to establish the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the zero-field splitting parameter as a function of temperature through a controllable temperature rise test. The temperature of the NV sensitive area can be changed by using a constant temperature platform, local heating element or controlled temperature rise structure.

[0123] Optionally, the baseline subtraction includes: continuously acquiring the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, with an acquisition duration of not less than a predetermined time length; calculating the average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period, and determining the average value as the zero-point bias; and subtracting the corresponding zero-point bias from the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch at each sampling point.

[0124] Optionally, the phase rotation includes: scanning the ODMR spectrum of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, and determining the phase-locked operating point of each branch based on the spectrum; recording the phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component at the phase-locked operating point, and determining the phase relationship as the reference phase; and performing a rotation transformation on the bias-subtracted in-phase component and the bias-subtracted quadrature component according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component.

[0125] Optionally, the gain uniformity includes: applying a known magnetic field to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, recording the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 respectively, and determining the response slopes as the calibration slopes of each branch; normalizing the rotated in-phase component according to the calibration slopes to generate the normalized in-phase component.

[0126] Optionally, the frequency sensitivity calibration includes: applying a standard magnetic field to the diamond NV center quantum sensing unit for calibration, or using the known physical constant of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficient for conversion to obtain the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 respectively; and using the frequency sensitivity coefficients to convert the normalized in-phase component into the equivalent frequency shift observation.

[0127] Optionally, the partial discharge-induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are retrieved based on the differential-mode response and the common-mode response, respectively, including: continuously acquiring the differential-mode response and the common-mode response under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, and calculating their respective noise standard deviation and mean; setting a differential-mode threshold based on the mean and noise standard deviation of the differential-mode response, and setting a common-mode threshold based on the mean and noise standard deviation of the common-mode response; retrieving the partial discharge-induced magnetic field based on the differential-mode response only when the differential-mode response exceeds the differential-mode threshold; and retrieving the local transient temperature rise based on the common-mode response only when the common-mode response exceeds the common-mode threshold.

[0128] Optionally, the device further includes a sample library management module, used to record the differential-mode response, common-mode response, UHF partial discharge reference signal, and reference temperature measurement data under multiple operating conditions, respectively, to establish a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise reference sample library; and to update the differential-mode threshold and common-mode threshold according to the statistical characteristics in the partial discharge time window sample library, and update the temperature sensitivity coefficient used for inversion according to the statistical characteristics in the temperature rise reference sample library. The sample library management module includes a data storage unit and a parameter update unit. The data storage unit is used to store data according to the operating condition number, timestamp, effective window, detection label, and error label. The parameter update unit is used to dynamically adjust the differential-mode threshold, common-mode threshold, magnetic field sensitivity coefficient, temperature sensitivity coefficient, and time window matching parameters according to the statistical characteristics in the sample library.

[0129] The device may also include an ultra-high frequency sensor and a reference temperature measuring device.

[0130] The ultra-high frequency sensor is used to record the partial discharge pulse moment as an event reference. It includes an external or internal UHF partial discharge sensor with a frequency band of 300MHz to 1500MHz, an HFCT-100 type high-frequency current transformer, or a reference acquisition device with equivalent sampling bandwidth and triggering accuracy.

[0131] The reference temperature measurement device is used to provide a temperature reference, including one or more of thermocouples, fiber optic temperature measurement devices, or infrared temperature measurement devices. The inversion module 207 is also connected to the UHF sensor and the reference temperature measurement device, and is used to match the differential mode response with the UHF partial discharge reference signal under the same time base within a time window to obtain the partial discharge detection result; and to match the temperature rise inversion result corresponding to the common mode response with the reference temperature measurement data point by point to obtain the temperature rise inversion error.

[0132] The device may also include a data processing and control unit for coordinating the working timing, data flow and parameter configuration of each module to achieve automated operation of the entire inversion process.

[0133] This application also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements a reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion method as described above.

[0134] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform the above-described reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion method.

[0135] The above embodiments are provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and apply this application. Those skilled in the art will readily make various modifications to the above embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made to this application based on the disclosure thereof should be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise in reactors, characterized in that, include: The phase-locked outputs of the two resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, in the ODMR spectral line of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit are obtained. The phase-locked output of each branch includes in-phase components and quadrature components. Baseline subtraction is performed on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component after offset subtraction. Based on the in-phase component after bias subtraction and the quadrature component after bias subtraction, a phase rotation is performed according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component. The phase rotation causes the effective frequency shift response to be concentrated in the in-phase component after the rotation; Based on the rotated in-phase component, gain unification is performed to generate a normalized in-phase component; Based on the normalized in-phase component, frequency sensitivity calibration is performed to generate an equivalent frequency shift observation. Based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, differential mode response and common mode response are constructed; the differential mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches. The partial discharge induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise are respectively inverted based on the differential mode response and the common mode response.

2. The quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baseline subtraction includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is continuously acquired for a duration not less than a predetermined time. The average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period is calculated, and the average value is determined as the zero-point bias. For the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch, the corresponding zero-point bias is subtracted from each sampling point.

3. The quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase rotation includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the ODMR spectrum of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is scanned respectively, and the phase-locked operating point of each branch is determined according to the spectrum. The phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component is recorded at the phase-locked operating point, and the phase relationship is determined as the reference phase. The in-phase component and the quadrature component after bias subtraction are rotated according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component.

4. The quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gain uniformity includes: A known magnetic field is applied to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, and the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 are recorded respectively. The response slopes are determined as the calibration slopes of each branch. The rotated in-phase component is normalized according to the calibration slopes to generate the normalized in-phase component.

5. The quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency sensitivity calibration includes: The diamond NV center quantum sensing unit is calibrated by applying a standard magnetic field, or by using the known physical constant of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficient to obtain the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1; the normalized in-phase component is converted into the equivalent frequency shift observation using the frequency sensitivity coefficient.

6. The quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partial discharge-induced magnetic field and local transient temperature rise are inverted based on the differential mode response and the common mode response, respectively, including: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the differential mode response and the common mode response are continuously collected, and their respective noise standard deviation and mean are calculated. The differential mode threshold is set based on the mean of the differential mode response and the standard deviation of the noise, and the common mode threshold is set based on the mean of the common mode response and the standard deviation of the noise. The partial discharge induced magnetic field is inverted based on the differential mode response only when the differential mode response exceeds the differential mode threshold. Local transient temperature rise is inverted based on the common-mode response only when the common-mode response exceeds the common-mode threshold.

7. The quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Under multiple operating conditions, the differential mode response, the common mode response, the UHF partial discharge reference signal, and the reference temperature measurement data were recorded respectively to establish a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise reference sample library. The differential mode threshold and the common mode threshold are updated based on the statistical characteristics in the partial discharge time window sample library, and the temperature sensitivity coefficient used for inversion is updated based on the statistical characteristics in the temperature rise comparison sample library.

8. A reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module acquires the phase-locked outputs of the two resonant branches, ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1, in the ODMR spectral lines of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit. The phase-locked output of each branch includes in-phase components and quadrature components. The subtraction module performs baseline subtraction on the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component after subtraction of the offset. The rotation module performs phase rotation according to the reference phase based on the in-phase component after deducting the bias and the quadrature component after deducting the bias, generating the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component. The phase rotation causes the effective frequency shift response to be concentrated in the in-phase component after the rotation; The normalization module performs gain unification based on the rotated in-phase component to generate a normalized in-phase component. The calibration module performs frequency sensitivity calibration based on the normalized in-phase component and generates an equivalent frequency shift observation. The module constructs a differential-mode response and a common-mode response based on the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches; the differential-mode response is half the difference between the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches, and the common-mode response is half the sum of the equivalent frequency shift observations of the two branches. The inversion module inverts the partial discharge induced magnetic field and the local transient temperature rise based on the differential mode response and the common mode response, respectively.

9. A reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The baseline subtraction includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge, stable temperature, and stable background magnetic field, the dual-branch phase-locked output of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is continuously acquired for a duration not less than a predetermined time. The average value of the phase-locked output of each branch during the acquisition period is calculated, and the average value is determined as the zero-point bias. For the in-phase component and the quadrature component of each branch, the corresponding zero-point bias is subtracted from each sampling point.

10. A reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The phase rotation includes: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the ODMR spectrum of the two resonant branches of the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit is scanned respectively, and the phase-locked operating point of each branch is determined according to the spectrum. The phase relationship between the in-phase component and the quadrature component is recorded at the phase-locked operating point, and the phase relationship is determined as the reference phase. The in-phase component and the quadrature component after bias subtraction are rotated according to the reference phase to generate the rotated in-phase component and the rotated quadrature component.

11. A reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gain uniformity includes: A known magnetic field is applied to the diamond NV color center quantum sensing unit, and the phase-locked output response slopes of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1 are recorded respectively. The response slopes are determined as the calibration slopes of each branch. The rotated in-phase component is normalized according to the calibration slopes to generate the normalized in-phase component.

12. The reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The frequency sensitivity calibration includes: The diamond NV center quantum sensing unit is calibrated by applying a standard magnetic field, or by using the known physical constant of the NV center axial frequency shift coefficient to obtain the frequency sensitivity coefficients of the two resonant branches ms=0→+1 and ms=0→-1; the normalized in-phase component is converted into the equivalent frequency shift observation using the frequency sensitivity coefficient.

13. The reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The partial discharge-induced magnetic field and local transient temperature rise are inverted based on the differential mode response and the common mode response, respectively, including: Under conditions of no partial discharge and stable temperature, the differential mode response and the common mode response are continuously collected, and their respective noise standard deviation and mean are calculated. The differential mode threshold is set based on the mean of the differential mode response and the standard deviation of the noise, and the common mode threshold is set based on the mean of the common mode response and the standard deviation of the noise. The partial discharge induced magnetic field is inverted based on the differential mode response only when the differential mode response exceeds the differential mode threshold. Local transient temperature rise is inverted based on the common-mode response only when the common-mode response exceeds the common-mode threshold.

14. The reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion device according to claim 13, characterized in that, Also includes: Under multiple operating conditions, the differential mode response, the common mode response, the UHF partial discharge reference signal, and the reference temperature measurement data were recorded respectively to establish a partial discharge time window sample library and a temperature rise reference sample library. The differential mode threshold and the common mode threshold are updated based on the statistical characteristics in the partial discharge time window sample library, and the temperature sensitivity coefficient used for inversion is updated based on the statistical characteristics in the temperature rise comparison sample library.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements a reactor partial discharge temperature rise quantum inversion method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which, when executed in a computer, causes the computer to perform a quantum inversion method for partial discharge temperature rise of a reactor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images