Seismic wave excitation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a seismic wave exciting device and method. The device comprises a controller, a load driving device, an exciting mechanism and a signal receiver. The controller is used for sending a seismic wave exciting signal to the load driving device and sending a device starting signal to the exciting mechanism and the signal receiver when receiving an energy storage completion signal of the load driving device and a position arrival signal of the exciting mechanism. The load driving device is used for generating and transmitting a current pulse signal to the exciting mechanism according to seismic wave exciting parameters when receiving the seismic wave exciting signal sent by the controller. The exciting mechanism is used for starting itself when receiving the device starting signal and exciting a vibration signal to the ground based on the current pulse signal when receiving the current pulse signal, so as to generate a seismic wave signal. The signal receiver is used for starting itself when receiving the device starting signal and receiving the seismic wave signal when detecting the seismic wave signal of the ground.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a seismic wave excitation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, surface surveys for oil and gas exploration typically employ methods such as explosive low-refraction and micro-logging. However, these methods pose significant risks to personal safety and damage vegetation and the environment, thus restricting their use in oil fields, mines, cultural relics sites, villages, and tourist areas. Subsequently, non-explosive pulse seismic sources were further investigated, yielding some exploration results and geological data.

[0003] Currently available non-explosive pulse seismic source equipment includes hammer seismic sources, electromagnetic seismic sources, mud gun seismic sources, and electric spark seismic sources. Although these types of equipment have provided excitation methods and technical accumulation for solving complex surface seismic exploration at a certain period of time, they still have excitation defects of varying degrees. The two most common defects are low excitation energy and poor excitation control capability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a seismic wave excitation device and method to improve the excitation energy and excitation control capability of seismic waves.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a seismic wave excitation device is provided, the device comprising: a controller, a load driving device, an excitation mechanism, and a signal receiver, wherein the controller is communicatively connected to the load driving device, the excitation mechanism, and the signal receiver; the load driving device is electrically connected to the excitation mechanism; wherein,

[0006] The controller is configured to send a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device and a position arrival signal to the excitation mechanism when it receives the energy storage completion signal of the load drive device and the position arrival signal of the excitation mechanism; and to send a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver; the seismic wave excitation signal includes seismic wave excitation parameters;

[0007] The load driving device is used to generate and transmit a current pulse signal to the excitation mechanism according to the seismic wave excitation parameters when it receives the seismic wave excitation signal sent by the controller.

[0008] The excitation mechanism is used to start its own device when it receives the device start signal, and to excite a vibration signal to the ground based on the current pulse signal when it receives the current pulse signal, so as to generate a seismic wave signal.

[0009] The signal receiver is used to activate its own device when it receives the device activation signal, and to receive the seismic wave signal when it detects the seismic wave signal on the ground.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a seismic wave excitation method is provided, applied to a seismic excitation device, the seismic excitation device comprising a controller, a load driving device, an excitation mechanism, and a signal receiver, wherein the controller is communicatively connected to the load driving device, the excitation mechanism, and the signal receiver respectively; the load driving device is electrically connected to the excitation mechanism; the method includes:

[0011] When the controller receives the energy storage completion signal from the load drive device and the position arrival signal from the excitation mechanism, it sends a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device and a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver; the seismic wave excitation signal contains seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0012] When the load drive device receives the seismic wave excitation signal sent by the controller, it generates and transmits a current pulse signal to the excitation mechanism according to the seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0013] Upon receiving the device start signal, the excitation mechanism activates its own device and, upon receiving the current pulse signal, excites a vibration signal into the ground based on the current pulse signal to generate a seismic wave signal.

[0014] Upon receiving the device start signal, the device activates itself and receives the seismic wave signal when it detects a seismic wave signal on the ground.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention automatically determines the seismic wave excitation parameters by a controller, and controls the load-driven device to drive the excitation mechanism to excite seismic waves based on the seismic wave excitation parameters. Pulsed power technology is used throughout the excitation process, enabling energy to be stored for a relatively long time, then rapidly compressed and converted, and finally effectively released to the load, thereby achieving the goal of maximizing excitation energy throughout the entire excitation process. Simultaneously, during the excitation process, the seismic wave excitation parameters used for excitation are automatically determined based on surface parameters, achieving controllability of the seismic wave excitation process and automatically adjusting the excitation effect for different surface conditions.

[0016] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a seismic wave excitation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an excitation mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a seismic wave excitation method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic wave excitation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the automated excitation of seismic waves with controllable energy. Figure 1As shown, the seismic wave excitation device includes: a controller 11, a load drive device 12, an excitation mechanism 13, and a signal receiver 14. The controller 11 is communicatively connected to the load drive device 12, the excitation mechanism 13, and the signal receiver 14; the load drive device 12 is electrically connected to the excitation mechanism 13; wherein:

[0025] The controller 11 is configured to send a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device 12 and a position arrival signal to the excitation mechanism 13 when it receives the energy storage completion signal from the load drive device 12 and the position arrival signal from the excitation mechanism 13; and to send a device start signal to the excitation mechanism 13 and the signal receiver 14; the seismic wave excitation signal contains seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0026] The load drive device 12 is used to generate and transmit current pulse signals to the excitation mechanism 13 according to the seismic wave excitation parameters when it receives the seismic wave excitation signal sent by the controller 11.

[0027] The excitation mechanism 13 is used to start its own equipment when it receives the equipment start signal, and to excite vibration signals to the ground based on the current pulse signal when it receives the current pulse signal, so as to generate seismic wave signals.

[0028] The signal receiver 14 is used to start its own device when it receives a device start signal, and to receive seismic wave signals when it detects seismic wave signals on the ground.

[0029] Among them, the load drive device 12 is used to drive the pulsed power, and its specific form can be a pulsed power cabinet.

[0030] The energy storage completion signal can be a signal sent to the controller after the load-driven device completes the energy storage action. The position arrival signal can be a signal sent to the controller after the excitation mechanism reaches the designated excitation position. The seismic wave excitation parameters can include the excitation energy magnitude and pulse width, which can be automatically generated based on the actual seismic excitation requirements and surface parameter information.

[0031] Signal receivers are used to receive seismic wave signals. They are deployed on the ground or underground, and there can be one or more receivers. The specific location and quantity relationships can be predetermined according to actual needs. The distance between the signal receivers and the excitation mechanism and load drive equipment meets the preset safety distance. The excitation mechanism is used to generate seismic wave signals by pulse excitation towards the ground.

[0032] The controller 11 sends a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device 12. This seismic wave excitation signal contains seismic wave excitation parameters. When the load drive device 12 receives the seismic wave excitation signal from the controller 11, it can generate a current pulse signal based on the excitation capability and pulse width in the seismic wave excitation parameters. The specific function of this current pulse signal is to directionally transmit the stored high-density electrical energy to the excitation mechanism 13 in pulse form.

[0033] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of an excitation mechanism. The excitation mechanism 13 includes a first electromagnetic drive module 3, a second electromagnetic drive module 2, and a counterweight 5. The first electromagnetic drive module 3, the second electromagnetic drive module 2, and the counterweight 5 are stacked sequentially in a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic drive module 3 and the second electromagnetic drive module 2 have opposing first and second ends in a second direction. The first direction is the thickness direction of the excitation mechanism; the second direction is the extension direction of the first electromagnetic drive module 3 and / or the second electromagnetic drive module 2.

[0034] The first electromagnetic drive module 3 is used to receive current pulse signals at its first end, and the second electromagnetic drive module 2 is used to receive current pulse signals at its second end, so that the magnetic poles of the first electromagnetic drive module 3 and the second electromagnetic drive module 2 are opposite, generating electromagnetic forces in opposite directions, so as to control the first electromagnetic drive module 3 to push the hammer 5 to make an upward throwing motion along the first direction, and control the second electromagnetic drive module 2 to generate vibration signals downward along the first direction.

[0035] The purpose of setting the magnetic poles of the first electromagnetic drive module 3 and the second electromagnetic drive module 2 in opposite directions is to generate electromagnetic forces in opposite directions after receiving a current pulse signal. Specifically, the internal magnetic field of the first electromagnetic drive module 3 is directed vertically upward along the first direction; the internal magnetic field of the second electromagnetic drive module 2 is directed vertically downward along the first direction.

[0036] The vertically upward electromagnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic drive module 3 can propel the hammer 5 to make an upward throwing motion along the first direction; the vertically downward electromagnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic drive module 2 can generate an underground excitation vibration signal along the first direction.

[0037] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of an excitation mechanism. The excitation mechanism 13 also includes a plate 1; the plate 1 is located on the side of the second electromagnetic drive module 2 facing the ground; the projection of the plate 1 on the ground coincides with the projection of the second electromagnetic drive module 2 on the ground, and the projection area of ​​the plate 1 on the ground is larger than the projection area of ​​the second electromagnetic drive module 2 on the ground.

[0038] like Figure 2The diagram shows a schematic of an excitation mechanism. The first electromagnetic drive module 3 includes a first electromagnetic actuator 32 and a first current coil 31 that is in contact with the first electromagnetic actuator 32; the second electromagnetic drive module 2 includes a second electromagnetic actuator 22 and a second current coil 21 that is in contact with the second electromagnetic actuator 2.

[0039] The positional relationship between the current coil (including the first current coil and the second current coil) and the electromagnetic actuator (including the first electromagnetic actuator and the second electromagnetic actuator) is such that the current coil is attached to the electromagnetic actuator. Specifically, the current coil may be located on the surface of the electromagnetic actuator. Preferably, the current coil may also be wound around the outer surface of the electromagnetic actuator.

[0040] If the number of turns and the winding direction of the first current coil 31 around the first electromagnetic actuator 32 are the same as the number of turns and the winding direction of the second current coil 21 around the second electromagnetic actuator 22, then the current pulse signals from the load drive device to the first current coil 31 and the second current coil 32 are pre-set to be opposite, thereby ensuring that the magnetic field directions are opposite, and consequently, the electromagnetic force directions are opposite. If the number of turns and the winding direction of the first current coil 31 around the first electromagnetic actuator 32 are different from the number of turns and the winding direction of the second current coil 21 around the second electromagnetic actuator 22, then the current pulse signals from the load drive device 12 to the first current coil 31 and the second current coil 21 are pre-set to be the same, thereby ensuring that the magnetic field directions are opposite, and consequently, the electromagnetic force directions are opposite.

[0041] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of the structure of an excitation mechanism. The excitation mechanism 13 also includes a central guide limiting member 4; the central guide limiting member 4 includes a limiting part and a connecting part that are integrally connected; the limiting part is located above the hammer; the connecting part passes through the hammer, the first electromagnetic drive module 3 and the second electromagnetic drive module 3 in sequence along the first direction and is fixedly connected to the plate 1; the central guide limiting member 4 is used to limit the movement trajectory of the hammer 5 during the movement process to always maintain it in the first direction.

[0042] It should be noted that due to the complex geographical environment caused by seismic waves, the horizontal placement of the plate 1 on the ground may be at a certain angle. Under the action of the electromagnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic drive module 3, the hammer 5 is thrown upwards along the first direction and then falls freely when it reaches a certain height. To prevent the hammer 5 from deviating during its upward and free-fall motions due to the tilt of the plate 1, the central guide limiter 4 can be used to limit the angle of deviation of the hammer 5, thereby ensuring that the hammer 5 remains in the first direction during its movement, whether it is in free fall or upward throwing.

[0043] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of an excitation mechanism. The excitation mechanism 13 also includes a first buffer 61 and a second buffer 62, which are located on opposite sides of the weight 5 in the first direction, and one end of the first buffer 61 and the second buffer 62 in the second direction are fixed to the plate 1. The first buffer 61 and the second buffer 62 are used to control the weight 5 to slow down its fall speed during free fall.

[0044] The first buffer 61 and the second buffer 62 can be pneumatic buffers, hydraulic buffers, spring buffers, rubber buffers, etc. The types of the first buffer 61 and the second buffer 62 can be the same or different, and can be preset according to actual needs.

[0045] The load drive device 12 is also used to send an energy storage completion signal to the controller 11 after completing its own energy storage operation; the excitation mechanism 13 is also used to send a position reached signal to the controller 11 after the controller adjusts the first electromagnetic drive module 3 and the second electromagnetic drive module 2 to a preset safe distance.

[0046] The controller 11 can automatically determine the seismic wave excitation parameters, thereby generating a seismic wave excitation signal based on these parameters. These parameters include the excitation capability and pulse width. Since the seismic wave excitation signal is determined based on these parameters, the excitation capability is controllable, thus ensuring that the generated electromagnetic force is controllable. Furthermore, because the load drive device 12 can release high-power electrical energy in a very short time through energy storage elements, the seismic excitation process is characterized by high instantaneous energy and high power density.

[0047] It is understandable that, due to the different geological characteristics of the seismic wave excitation scenarios and the different requirements for seismic wave excitation tests, the geological characteristics of the scenario and the excitation test requirements can be comprehensively considered during the process of selecting seismic wave excitation parameters. This ensures the accuracy of the selection of seismic wave excitation parameters and enables the generation of controllable and condition-satisfying electromagnetic forces based on the seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0048] In one optional embodiment, the seismic wave excitation parameters are generated by: acquiring the surface information to be excited and the seismic excitation requirement information; and determining the seismic wave excitation parameters based on the surface information to be excited and the seismic excitation requirement information.

[0049] For example, a parameter library can be pre-built to store the mapping relationship between different geological parameters or surface parameters and energy pulse size and pulse width. For instance, the excitation energy size corresponding to sandstone strata is 10 kJ, and the pulse width is 50 ms. The excitation energy size corresponding to alluvial deposits is 6 kJ, and the pulse width is 30 ms. The seismic excitation demand information can include the specific required excitation capacity and pulse width. The surface information to be excited can include geological information, such as soil hardness and rock layer distribution. If the difference between the first excitation parameter obtained based on the surface information to be excited, according to the stored relationship recorded in the parameter library, and the second excitation parameter recorded in the seismic excitation demand information, is within a preset difference range, then the first excitation parameter is used as the seismic wave excitation parameter. If the difference between the first and second excitation parameters exceeds the preset difference range, then the average excitation parameter between the first and second excitation parameters is determined, and this average excitation parameter is used as the seismic wave excitation parameter.

[0050] Furthermore, to further calibrate the seismic wave excitation parameters, further analysis can be performed based on the seismic wave signal received by the signal receiver 14. Optionally, the signal receiver 14 is also used to: perform signal analysis on the seismic wave signal, obtain the seismic wave analysis results, and feed the seismic wave analysis results back to the controller 11 so that the controller 11 can adjust the seismic wave excitation parameters according to the seismic wave analysis results.

[0051] Specifically, seismic wave signals can be analyzed from multiple dimensions or based on various factors, depending on actual needs. This includes analysis of aspects such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range, frequency components, and amplitude characteristics. For example, the SNR should meet a preset threshold range. Dynamic range represents the amplitude range between the maximum and minimum resolvable signal. A larger dynamic range allows the instrument to simultaneously record weak and strong signals, resulting in richer waveform details and higher clarity. Insufficient dynamic range may cause strong signals to saturate (clipping), while weak signals may be submerged by noise. The dynamic range must be determined, and it must be confirmed whether it meets a preset dynamic threshold range. Frequency components represent the distribution of different frequency components in the seismic wave. If the signal energy is concentrated in a specific frequency band and separated from the noise band, the seismic wave is clearer. Amplitude characteristics can be analyzed from multiple angles, such as the sharpness of the first arrival, amplitude stability, and energy attenuation patterns. For example, a sharp first arrival is easier to identify than a steep P-wave first arrival with obvious amplitude abrupt changes.

[0052] Seismic wave signal analysis is performed from the multiple dimensions described above to determine whether the judgment conditions for the corresponding dimensions are satisfied. If not, the seismic wave excitation parameters are readjusted and the seismic wave excitation test is carried out again until the preset parameter optimization condition is satisfied. The parameter optimization condition may be that the seismic wave signal analysis result meets the judgment condition of the corresponding dimension, or may be that the number of seismic wave excitation parameter optimizations or the number of seismic wave excitation tests reaches a set number threshold.

[0053] In a specific implementation manner of seismic wave excitation, before carrying out the seismic wave test, each device is first tested. The first current coil 31 and the second current coil 21 of the excitation mechanism 13 are respectively connected to the load driving device 12 through cables. In the controller 11, preliminary selection of seismic wave excitation parameters is performed according to the information of the surface to be excited and the seismic excitation requirement information. The signal receiver 14 is buried at a corresponding position for seismic wave signal detection, and signal reception and storage are performed by a signal receiving box matched with the signal receiver 14.

[0054] After completing the energy storage operation of its own device, the load driving device 12 sends an energy storage completion signal to the controller 11. After controlling to adjust the first electromagnetic driving module 3 and the second electromagnetic driving module 2 to a preset safe distance, the excitation mechanism 13 sends a position arrival signal to the controller 11.

[0055] After receiving the energy storage completion signal and the position arrival signal, the controller 11 sends a seismic wave excitation signal and a device start signal to the load driving device, and sends a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver, so that the load driving device, the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver complete the startup and operation of their own devices after receiving the device start signal. After receiving the seismic wave excitation signal, the load driving device generates a current pulse signal according to the seismic wave excitation parameters in the seismic wave excitation signal, and sends the current pulse signal to the excitation mechanism, so that the excitation mechanism performs single pulse excitation to excite a vibration signal underground to generate a seismic wave signal. The buffer in the excitation mechanism that receives the current pulse signal starts to work, moves following the heavy hammer 5, so that the heavy hammer 5 can slowly fall back to the initial position after reaching the highest point, thereby protecting the excitation mechanism to complete one excitation operation. Optionally, the excitation effect for different surface conditions can be further adjusted by changing the mass of the heavy hammer.

[0056] After receiving the feedback seismic wave signal from the ground, the signal receiver 14 collects and exports seismic wave data, which is analyzed by the controller 11, so as to adjust the pulse excitation energy magnitude and pulse width in the seismic wave excitation parameters based on the data analysis result, making them more suitable for the specific condition of the current surface. The adjusted seismic wave excitation parameters are re-input to the controller 11, and the excitation process is restarted until the parameter update condition is satisfied.

[0057] The technical solution of this invention automatically determines the seismic wave excitation parameters by a controller, and controls the load-driven device to drive the excitation mechanism to excite seismic waves based on the seismic wave excitation parameters. Pulsed power technology is used throughout the excitation process, enabling energy to be stored for a relatively long time, then rapidly compressed and converted, and finally effectively released to the load, thereby achieving the goal of maximizing excitation energy throughout the entire excitation process. Simultaneously, during the excitation process, the seismic wave excitation parameters used for excitation are automatically determined based on surface parameters, achieving controllability of the seismic wave excitation process and automatically adjusting the excitation effect for different surface conditions.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a seismic wave excitation method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the automated excitation of energy-controllable seismic waves. The method can be executed by the seismic wave excitation device described in the above embodiment. The seismic excitation device includes a controller, a load driving device, an excitation mechanism, and a signal receiver; wherein the controller is communicatively connected to the load driving device, the excitation mechanism, and the signal receiver; the load driving device is electrically connected to the excitation mechanism. Figure 3 As shown, the method includes:

[0060] S110. When the controller receives the energy storage completion signal of the load drive device and the position arrival signal of the excitation mechanism, it sends a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device and sends a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver; the seismic wave excitation signal contains seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0061] S120. When the load-driven device receives the seismic wave excitation signal sent by the controller, it generates and transmits a current pulse signal to the excitation mechanism according to the seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0062] S130. Upon receiving a device start signal, the excitation mechanism starts its own device and, upon receiving a current pulse signal, excites a vibration signal into the ground based on the current pulse signal to generate a seismic wave signal.

[0063] S140. When a device start signal is received, the device starts itself and receives seismic wave signals when seismic wave signals are detected on the ground.

[0064] Among them, the load drive device is used to drive the pulsed power, and its specific form can be a pulsed power cabinet.

[0065] The energy storage completion signal can be a signal sent to the controller after the load-driven device completes the energy storage action. The position arrival signal can be a signal sent to the controller after the excitation mechanism reaches the designated excitation position. The seismic wave excitation parameters can include the excitation energy magnitude and pulse width, which can be automatically generated based on the actual seismic excitation requirements and surface parameter information.

[0066] Signal receivers are used to receive seismic wave signals. They are deployed on the ground or underground, and there can be one or more receivers. The specific location and quantity relationships can be predetermined according to actual needs. The distance between the signal receivers and the excitation mechanism and load drive equipment meets the preset safety distance. The excitation mechanism is used to generate seismic wave signals by pulse excitation towards the ground.

[0067] The controller sends a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device. This seismic wave excitation signal contains seismic wave excitation parameters. When the load drive device receives the seismic wave excitation signal from the controller, it can generate a current pulse signal based on the excitation capability and pulse width in the seismic wave excitation parameters. The specific function of this current pulse signal is to directionally transmit the stored high-density electrical energy to the excitation mechanism in pulse form.

[0068] The controller 11 can automatically determine the seismic wave excitation parameters, thereby generating a seismic wave excitation signal based on these parameters. These parameters include the excitation capability and pulse width. Since the seismic wave excitation signal is determined based on these parameters, the excitation capability is controllable, thus ensuring that the generated electromagnetic force is controllable. Furthermore, because the load drive device 12 can release high-power electrical energy in a very short time through energy storage elements, the seismic excitation process is characterized by high instantaneous energy and high power density.

[0069] It is understandable that, due to the different geological characteristics of the seismic wave excitation scenarios and the different requirements for seismic wave excitation tests, the geological characteristics of the scenario and the excitation test requirements can be comprehensively considered during the process of selecting seismic wave excitation parameters. This ensures the accuracy of the selection of seismic wave excitation parameters and enables the generation of controllable and condition-satisfying electromagnetic forces based on the seismic wave excitation parameters.

[0070] In one optional embodiment, the seismic wave excitation parameters are generated by: acquiring the surface information to be excited and the seismic excitation requirement information; and determining the seismic wave excitation parameters based on the surface information to be excited and the seismic excitation requirement information.

[0071] For example, a parameter library can be pre-built to store the mapping relationship between different geological parameters or surface parameters and energy pulse size and pulse width. For instance, the excitation energy size corresponding to sandstone strata is 10 kJ, and the pulse width is 50 ms. The excitation energy size corresponding to alluvial deposits is 6 kJ, and the pulse width is 30 ms. The seismic excitation demand information can include the specific required excitation capacity and pulse width. The surface information to be excited can include geological information, such as soil hardness and rock layer distribution. If the difference between the first excitation parameter obtained based on the surface information to be excited, according to the stored relationship recorded in the parameter library, and the second excitation parameter recorded in the seismic excitation demand information, is within a preset difference range, then the first excitation parameter is used as the seismic wave excitation parameter. If the difference between the first and second excitation parameters exceeds the preset difference range, then the average excitation parameter between the first and second excitation parameters is determined, and this average excitation parameter is used as the seismic wave excitation parameter.

[0072] Furthermore, to further calibrate the seismic wave excitation parameters, further analysis can be performed based on the seismic wave signal received by the signal receiver 14. Optionally, the signal receiver 14 is also used to: perform signal analysis on the seismic wave signal, obtain the seismic wave analysis results, and feed the seismic wave analysis results back to the controller 11 so that the controller 11 can adjust the seismic wave excitation parameters according to the seismic wave analysis results.

[0073] Specifically, seismic wave signals can be analyzed from multiple dimensions or based on various factors, depending on actual needs. This includes analysis of aspects such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range, frequency components, and amplitude characteristics. For example, the SNR should meet a preset threshold range. Dynamic range represents the amplitude range between the maximum and minimum resolvable signal. A larger dynamic range allows the instrument to simultaneously record weak and strong signals, resulting in richer waveform details and higher clarity. Insufficient dynamic range may cause strong signals to saturate (clipping), while weak signals may be submerged by noise. The dynamic range must be determined, and it must be confirmed whether it meets a preset dynamic threshold range. Frequency components represent the distribution of different frequency components in the seismic wave. If the signal energy is concentrated in a specific frequency band and separated from the noise band, the seismic wave is clearer. Amplitude characteristics can be analyzed from multiple angles, such as the sharpness of the first arrival, amplitude stability, and energy attenuation patterns. For example, a sharp first arrival is easier to identify than a steep P-wave first arrival with obvious amplitude abrupt changes.

[0074] Seismic wave signals are analyzed from multiple dimensions to determine if they meet the corresponding criteria. If not, the seismic wave excitation parameters are readjusted and the seismic wave excitation test is conducted again until the preset parameter optimization conditions are met. These parameter optimization conditions can be that the seismic wave signal analysis results meet the criteria for the corresponding dimension, or that the number of seismic wave excitation parameter optimizations or the number of seismic wave excitation tests reaches a set threshold.

[0075] In a specific seismic wave excitation method, before conducting seismic wave experiments, each piece of equipment is tested. The first and second current coils of the excitation mechanism are connected to the load drive device via cables. In the controller, the seismic wave excitation parameters are initially selected based on the surface information to be excited and the seismic excitation requirements. A signal receiver is buried at the corresponding location for seismic wave signal detection, and the signal is received and stored by a matching signal receiving box.

[0076] After completing its own energy storage operation, the load drive device sends an energy storage completion signal to the controller. After adjusting the first and second electromagnetic drive modules to a preset safe distance, the excitation mechanism sends a position arrival signal to the controller.

[0077] Upon receiving the energy storage completion signal and the position arrival signal, the controller sends a seismic wave excitation signal and a device start signal to the load drive device, as well as a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver. This allows the load drive device, excitation mechanism, and signal receiver to start and operate upon receiving the device start signal. After receiving the seismic wave excitation signal, the load drive device generates a current pulse signal based on the seismic wave excitation parameters and sends it to the excitation mechanism. The excitation mechanism then performs a single-pulse excitation, generating a vibration signal from the ground to produce a seismic wave signal. The buffer in the excitation mechanism that receives the current pulse signal activates, following the movement of the weight, allowing the weight to slowly return to its initial position after reaching its highest point, thus protecting the excitation mechanism and completing one excitation cycle. Optionally, the excitation effect can be further adjusted by changing the weight mass to suit different surface conditions.

[0078] After receiving the feedback seismic wave signal from the ground, the signal receiver collects and exports the seismic wave data. The controller analyzes the data and adjusts the pulse excitation energy and pulse width in the seismic wave excitation parameters based on the analysis results to better adapt them to the specific surface conditions. The adjusted seismic wave excitation parameters are then re-inputted to the controller, and the excitation process restarts until the parameter update conditions are met.

[0079] The technical solution of this invention automatically determines the seismic wave excitation parameters by a controller, and controls the load-driven device to drive the excitation mechanism to excite seismic waves based on the seismic wave excitation parameters. Pulsed power technology is used throughout the excitation process, enabling energy to be stored for a relatively long time, then rapidly compressed and converted, and finally effectively released to the load, thereby achieving the goal of maximizing excitation energy throughout the entire excitation process. Simultaneously, during the excitation process, the seismic wave excitation parameters used for excitation are automatically determined based on surface parameters, achieving controllability of the seismic wave excitation process and automatically adjusting the excitation effect for different surface conditions.

[0080] The technical solution of this invention employs electromagnetic pulse excitation to generate seismic waves, which offers a degree of controllability compared to existing methods such as hammer excitation. In contrast, existing excitation methods often result in significant energy variations between each excitation, leading to inconsistent ground responses and poor repeatability of the seismic wave signal. This invention, through electromagnetic pulse excitation, directly acts on the ground to generate a pulsed force. This pulsed force is precisely controllable, exhibiting smaller energy variations and allowing for precise control compared to existing methods.

[0081] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0082] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A seismic wave excitation device, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a controller, a load drive device, an excitation mechanism, and a signal receiver, wherein the controller is communicatively connected to the load drive device, the excitation mechanism, and the signal receiver; the load drive device is electrically connected to the excitation mechanism; wherein... The controller is configured to send a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device and a position arrival signal to the excitation mechanism when it receives the energy storage completion signal of the load drive device and the position arrival signal of the excitation mechanism; and to send a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver; the seismic wave excitation signal includes seismic wave excitation parameters; The load driving device is used to generate and transmit a current pulse signal to the excitation mechanism according to the seismic wave excitation parameters when it receives the seismic wave excitation signal sent by the controller. The excitation mechanism is used to start its own device when it receives the device start signal, and to excite a vibration signal to the ground based on the current pulse signal when it receives the current pulse signal, so as to generate a seismic wave signal. The signal receiver is used to activate its own device when it receives the device activation signal, and to receive the seismic wave signal when it detects a seismic wave signal on the ground.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation mechanism includes a first electromagnetic drive module, a second electromagnetic drive module, and a counterweight; the first electromagnetic drive module, the second electromagnetic drive module, and the counterweight are stacked sequentially in a first direction; the first electromagnetic drive module and the second electromagnetic drive module each include a first end and a second end opposite to each other in a second direction; wherein, the first direction is the thickness direction of the excitation mechanism; the second direction is the extension direction of the first electromagnetic drive module and / or the second electromagnetic drive module. The first electromagnetic drive module is used to receive the current pulse signal using the first end, and the second electromagnetic drive module is used to receive the current pulse signal using the second end, so that the magnetic poles of the first electromagnetic drive module and the second electromagnetic drive module are opposite, generating electromagnetic forces in opposite directions, so as to control the first electromagnetic drive module to push the hammer to make an upward throwing motion along the first direction, and control the second electromagnetic drive module to generate a vibration signal downward along the first direction.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The excitation mechanism further includes a plate; the plate is located on the side of the second electromagnetic drive module facing the ground; the projection of the plate on the ground coincides with the projection of the second electromagnetic drive module on the ground, and the projection area of ​​the plate on the ground is larger than the projection area of ​​the second electromagnetic drive module on the ground.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first electromagnetic drive module includes a first electromagnetic actuator and a first current coil that is in contact with the first electromagnetic actuator; the second electromagnetic drive module includes a second electromagnetic actuator and a second current coil that is in contact with the second electromagnetic actuator.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The excitation mechanism further includes a central guide limiting component; the central guide limiting component includes a limiting part and a connecting part integrally connected; the limiting part is located above the weight; the connecting part passes through the weight, the first electromagnetic drive module and the second electromagnetic drive module in sequence along the first direction and is fixedly connected to the plate; The central guide limiter is used to restrict the movement trajectory of the weight during the movement process to always remain in the first direction.

6. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The excitation mechanism further includes a first buffer and a second buffer, which are located on opposite sides of the weight in the first direction, and one end of each buffer in the second direction is fixed to the plate. The first and second buffers are used to control the weight to slow down its descent speed during free fall.

7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the load driving device is further configured to send an energy storage completion signal to the controller after completing its own energy storage operation; and the excitation mechanism is further configured to send a position reached signal to the controller after the first electromagnetic drive module and the second electromagnetic drive module are adjusted to a preset safe distance.

8. A method for generating seismic waves, characterized in that, The method is applied to the seismic excitation device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the seismic excitation device includes a controller, a load driving device, an excitation mechanism, and a signal receiver, wherein the controller is communicatively connected to the load driving device, the excitation mechanism, and the signal receiver; the load driving device is electrically connected to the excitation mechanism; the method includes: When the controller receives the energy storage completion signal from the load drive device and the position arrival signal from the excitation mechanism, it sends a seismic wave excitation signal to the load drive device and a device start signal to the excitation mechanism and the signal receiver; the seismic wave excitation signal contains seismic wave excitation parameters. When the load drive device receives the seismic wave excitation signal sent by the controller, it generates and transmits a current pulse signal to the excitation mechanism according to the seismic wave excitation parameters. Upon receiving the device start signal, the excitation mechanism activates its own device and, upon receiving the current pulse signal, excites a vibration signal into the ground based on the current pulse signal to generate a seismic wave signal. Upon receiving the device start signal, the device activates itself and receives the seismic wave signal when it detects a seismic wave signal on the ground.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The seismic wave excitation parameters are generated in the following way: Acquire information on the surface to be stimulated and information on seismic stimulation requirements; Based on the surface information to be excited and the seismic excitation requirement information, the seismic wave excitation parameters are determined.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The signal receiver is also used for: The seismic wave signal is analyzed to obtain the seismic wave analysis results, which are then fed back to the controller so that the controller can adjust the seismic wave excitation parameters based on the seismic wave analysis results.

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