Optical design method and system of high color gamut backlight LED for vehicle display screen

Abstract

The application discloses an optical design method and system for a high-color-gamut backlight LED of a vehicle-mounted display screen. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model comprising a parabolic reflecting bowl, an LED chip and an initial fluorescent powder colloid layer; performing light ray tracing in the model, extracting light paths that are reflected by the parabolic reflecting bowl and directly emitted, calculating effective light paths of the light rays penetrating the fluorescent powder layer and spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewing angle; based on the coordinates, taking elimination of spatial color tolerance between central and edge emission viewing angles as a target, taking the parabolic curvature parameter and the three-dimensional thickness topology parameter of each region of the fluorescent powder layer as strong coupling variables, performing iterative optimization of collaborative deformation and light path compensation; until the color tolerance converges and meets a high-color-gamut target interval, outputting optimal parameters for mold manufacturing and dispensing process. The application fuses and optimizes the macroscopic reflecting surface and the microscopic colloid morphology, can effectively eliminate spatial chromaticity non-uniformity and significantly improve the vehicle-mounted display quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical design technology, specifically to an optical design method and system for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED. Background Technology

[0002] As smart automotive displays evolve towards higher color gamuts, higher demands are placed on the optical performance of their backlight LED devices. Currently, the industry commonly uses a cup structure with parabolic reflective sidewalls. By placing LED chips on the bottom of the cup and coating the outside of the chips with a phosphor colloid layer, the requirements for white light emission and a 120° wide viewing angle can be achieved.

[0003] However, existing designs face a serious problem of uneven spatial color. Specifically, when the light emitted by the LED chip penetrates the phosphor layer, there are two main light paths: direct and reflected. The direct light from the center viewing angle has a shorter penetration path, while the light from the edges of the wide viewing angle has a longer path after parabolic reflection. This significant difference in effective optical path results in highly inconsistent excitation levels of the phosphor at different viewing angles. The edge light path at wide viewing angles exhibits a yellowish-green tint due to over-excitation, while the center direct light path exhibits a bluish tint due to relatively insufficient excitation, thus producing a "yellow halo" phenomenon that severely damages the color uniformity of the screen.

[0004] To address the aforementioned spatial color tolerance issue, traditional optical design methods typically separate the design of the reflective surface from the dispensing process. This means designers first independently fix the geometric parameters of the parabolic surface, then rely on subsequent physical manufacturing to iteratively adjust the phosphor thickness. This uncoupled, sequential design approach fails to integrate the macroscopic curved surface with the microscopic colloidal morphology during the early simulation phase to achieve dynamic optical path compensation. This not only leads to long development cycles and high trial-and-error costs but also makes it difficult to effectively eliminate spatial color tolerance between the center and edge viewpoints, necessitating improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to address at least one of the technical defects mentioned in the background art, the present invention aims to provide an optical design method and system for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED.

[0006] This invention provides an optical design method for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED, the method comprising: A three-dimensional initial optical model is established, which includes a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip set on the bottom surface, and an initial phosphor colloidal layer coated on the outside of the LED chip. The spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloidal layer are then imported. In the three-dimensional initial optical model, full-view ray tracing is performed to extract the reflected light path after parabolic reflection and the direct light path that is directly emitted. The effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles is calculated. Based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data, the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle are calculated. Based on the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewpoint, with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the central emission viewpoint and the edge emission viewpoint, the curvature parameter of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are used as strongly coupled variables to perform iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation. When the spatial color tolerance converges to the preset minimum value and the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range, the iteration stops, and the optimal parabolic curvature parameters for mold manufacturing and the optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data for guiding the dispensing process are output.

[0007] The present invention also provides an optical design system for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED, the system comprising: The model building module is used to build a three-dimensional initial optical model, which includes a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip set on the bottom surface, and an initial phosphor colloidal layer coated on the outside of the LED chip, and imports the spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloidal layer. The ray tracing and calculation module is used to perform full-view ray tracing in the three-dimensional initial optical model, extract the reflected light path after parabolic reflection and the direct light path after direct emission, calculate the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles, and calculate the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data. The iterative optimization module is used to perform iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation based on the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewpoint, with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the central emission viewpoint and the edge emission viewpoint. The curvature parameters of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are used as strongly coupled variables. The results output module is used to stop the iteration when the spatial color tolerance converges to a preset minimum value and the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range, and outputs the optimal parabolic curvature parameters for mold manufacturing and the optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data for guiding the dispensing process.

[0008] This invention integrates the macroscopic curved surface design of the reflective cup with the microscopic colloidal morphology of the phosphor layer as a strongly coupled optimization variable. In the early simulation stage, it achieves dynamic compensation for the optical path difference between the large-view reflected light path and the central direct light path, thereby effectively eliminating the spatial color uniformity phenomenon (i.e., "yellow halo phenomenon") of automotive backlight LEDs in the entire viewing angle range. It can significantly improve the color uniformity, high color gamut display quality and optical device yield of automotive displays. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main flow of an optical design method for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for calculating the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process for calculating the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each exit angle based on the effective optical path and spectral response data, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optical design system for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0011] In automotive display applications, backlight LEDs typically employ a cup-shaped structure with parabolic reflective sidewalls, combined with a phosphor colloid layer coated on the outside of the LED chip, to achieve white light emission and a 120° wide viewing angle. The light emitted from the LED chip has two typical propagation paths: a direct path that penetrates the phosphor colloid layer directly along the central viewing angle, and a reflected path that penetrates the colloid layer at the edge of the wide viewing angle, undergoes parabolic reflection, and then re-penetrates the colloid layer. The effective optical path length of the light within the phosphor colloid layer differs significantly between these two paths. Specifically, the reflected path is much longer than the direct path, resulting in inconsistent phosphor excitation levels at different emission angles. This leads to a bluish tint at the central viewing angle due to insufficient excitation, and a yellowish-green tint at the edge of the wide viewing angle due to over-excitation, a phenomenon known as a "yellow halo," which severely compromises the color uniformity and high color gamut display quality of the automotive display.

[0012] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment incorporates the macroscopic surface design of the parabolic surface and the microscopic three-dimensional thickness distribution of the phosphor colloidal layer into a unified optimization framework. By using the curvature parameters of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topology parameters of each region of the phosphor colloidal layer as strongly coupled variables for synchronous iterative optimization, the effective optical path difference between the large-view reflected light path and the central direct light path is dynamically compensated during the optimization process, thereby effectively improving spatial chromaticity inhomogeneity at the device level.

[0013] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides an optical design method for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Establish a three-dimensional initial optical model, which includes a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip set on the bottom surface, and an initial phosphor colloid layer coated on the outside of the LED chip, and import the spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloid layer. In this embodiment, a three-dimensional initial optical model is established in optical simulation software (such as LightTools, TracePro, or Code V). The model includes at least a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip disposed on the bottom surface of the reflective cup, and an initial phosphor colloid layer coated on the outside of the LED chip.

[0014] The parabolic reflector cup reflects the large-angle light emitted by the LED chip, directing it towards the light outlet and improving overall light extraction efficiency. The bottom surface supports the LED chip and provides electrical connections and a heat conduction path. An initial phosphor colloid layer is coated on the outside of the LED chip to convert a portion of the wavelength of the substrate light source (e.g., blue light or near-ultraviolet light) emitted by the LED chip into longer wavelength light (e.g., yellow light or red light), which mixes with the unabsorbed substrate light source to form white light emission.

[0015] After completing the geometric modeling, the spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloidal layer are imported into the optical simulation software. This spectral response data includes the energy distribution of the LED chip's substrate light source emission spectrum, as well as parameters such as the excitation spectrum, emission spectrum, absorption coefficient, and quantum efficiency of phosphors at different wavelengths in the phosphor colloidal layer. It should be understood that this spectral response data can be obtained through spectral testing of actual samples, provided by phosphor suppliers, or obtained from publicly available literature databases. By importing the spectral response data, the spectral changes of each ray interacting with the phosphor colloidal layer during subsequent ray tracing can be calculated based on real physical parameters, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the simulation results.

[0016] S2, perform full-view ray tracing in the three-dimensional initial optical model, extract the reflected light path after parabolic reflection and the direct light path that is directly emitted, calculate the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles, and calculate the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data. In this embodiment, after establishing the initial three-dimensional optical model and importing the spectral response data, a full-view ray tracing operation is further performed. The ray tracing process is roughly as follows: Multiple sampled light rays are emitted from the surface or volumetric light-emitting area of ​​the LED chip. Each ray follows the laws of geometric optics (reflection and refraction) during propagation. When the light rays encounter the interface between different media (such as the inner or outer surface of the phosphor colloidal layer, a parabolic reflective surface, or an air interface), they are reflected, refracted, or absorbed. The simulation software tracks the complete propagation path of each light ray from the LED chip until it exits the model or its energy attenuates below a preset threshold. It also records the coordinates of the intersection points, direction vectors, energy changes, and spectral information of the light rays with each geometric surface during propagation.

[0017] After completing ray tracing across the entire viewing angle, based on whether the light rays are reflected by the parabolic surface of the reflective cup during propagation, all outgoing rays are divided into reflected light paths (reflected by the parabolic surface) and direct light paths (not reflected by the parabolic surface). It can be understood that the light in the direct light path typically corresponds to light emitted from the LED chip that directly penetrates the phosphor colloid layer and exits through the light outlet; its path through the phosphor colloid layer is relatively short. In contrast, the light in the reflected light path must first be emitted from the LED chip, penetrate the phosphor colloid layer to reach the parabolic surface, be reflected by the parabolic surface, penetrate the phosphor colloid layer again, and exit through the light outlet; its path through the phosphor colloid layer is typically longer. Because the reflected and direct light paths have different path lengths within the phosphor colloid layer, the optical path lengths for interaction between the light and phosphor differ at different exit angles, thus affecting the spectral composition and chromaticity coordinates at each angle.

[0018] Based on this, the effective optical path length of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles is calculated. As an example, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the effective optical path of light passing through the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different exit angles is calculated, including: S21, obtain the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point of each target ray in the reflected light path and the direct light path with the inner surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point with the outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Specifically, during the ray tracing process, each target ray, upon penetrating the initial phosphor colloid layer, first encounters the inner surface of the phosphor colloid layer (i.e., the surface closer to the LED chip) and is refracted into the interior of the colloid layer. The simulation software records the position of this incident point as the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point. Then, the ray propagates in an approximately straight path inside the phosphor colloid layer (ignoring the slight directional deflection caused by scattering particles within the colloid layer), and finally exits from the outer surface of the phosphor colloid layer (i.e., the surface farther from the LED chip). The simulation software records the position of this exit point as the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point.

[0019] For the reflected light path, the light needs to penetrate the phosphor colloidal layer twice, and the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point and the second spatial intersection point are recorded independently for each penetration.

[0020] S22, calculate the straight-line distance between the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point corresponding to the same target ray, and use it as the single effective optical path of the target ray penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Specifically, since the interior of the phosphor colloidal layer is usually a homogeneous or nearly homogeneous medium, light propagates in a straight line within the colloidal layer. Therefore, the Euclidean distance between the first and second spatial intersections can be taken as the single effective optical path of the light ray in the colloidal layer. For a direct light path, the light ray penetrates the colloidal layer only once, and this single effective optical path is the effective optical path of the light ray. For a reflected light path, the light ray needs to penetrate the colloidal layer twice. The single effective optical path corresponding to each penetration is calculated separately, and the sum of the two is taken as the effective optical path of the target light ray.

[0021] S23, extract the exit angle of each target ray when it finally exits the three-dimensional initial optical model, and establish the mapping relationship between each single effective optical path and the corresponding exit angle, so as to obtain the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different exit angles.

[0022] Specifically, the simulation software records the spatial direction vector of each target ray when it is finally emitted from the light outlet of the three-dimensional initial optical model, and the angle between this direction vector and the central axis of the model (i.e., the axis perpendicular to the bottom surface of the LED chip and passing through the center of the light outlet of the cup) is taken as the emission angle of the ray.

[0023] For each target ray emitted from the light outlet, it carries two attributes: the effective optical path value and the emission angle value directly recorded by the simulation software. Since each target ray contains the above two attribute information, a correspondence between the effective optical path and the emission angle is established, and each ray contributes a "emission angle - effective optical path" data point.

[0024] By statistically analyzing and interpolating the effective optical path lengths of each emitted ray within the full field of view, a distribution curve showing the continuous variation of the effective optical path length with the emission angle can be obtained. This distribution curve represents the effective optical path length data under different emission angles, including complete field of view information from the center emission angle (0°) to the edge emission angle (e.g., ±60° or ±90°, depending on the geometric design of the bowl-shaped light outlet).

[0025] After obtaining the effective optical path length at different exit angles, the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each exit angle are further calculated based on the effective optical path length and the spectral response data. As an example, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each exit angle are calculated based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data, including: S24, Analyze the spectral response data to extract the intrinsic spectra of phosphors of different wavelengths in the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and construct a spectral interference model that reflects the secondary excitation absorption effect between short-wavelength phosphors and long-wavelength phosphors. To achieve high color rendering index and wide color gamut coverage, phosphor components of multiple wavelengths are often used simultaneously in the phosphor colloidal layer. For example, short-wavelength yellow-green phosphor with an emission peak near 520 nm and long-wavelength red phosphor with an emission peak near 650 nm. In a direct optical path with a short effective optical path, the phosphors of different wavelengths can be approximated as working independently, and their spectral contributions can be approximated by linear superposition.

[0026] However, in reflected light paths with long effective optical paths, spectral behavior changes significantly. Specifically, the primary excitation light (yellow-green light) generated by the short-wavelength phosphor after being excited by the substrate light source may have its short-wavelength photon energy reabsorbed by the long-wavelength phosphor along its long propagation path, thus exciting the long-wavelength phosphor to generate secondary excitation light (red light). This secondary excitation absorption effect is cumulative under long optical path conditions; the longer the optical path, the higher the proportion of the emitted light from the short-wavelength phosphor being reabsorbed by the long-wavelength phosphor. Ultimately, the short-wavelength component in the emitted spectrum is relatively reduced, while the long-wavelength component is relatively increased, resulting in spectral distortion. Traditional spectral calculation methods only perform independent calculations of each phosphor component and then linearly superimpose them, which cannot describe the spectral distortion effect caused by the aforementioned secondary excitation absorption. This leads to significant errors in chromaticity calculations at large viewing angles.

[0027] To address the aforementioned issues, this step analyzes the imported spectral response data to derive the intrinsic spectral parameters of each phosphor component, including the normalized excitation spectrum, normalized emission spectrum, absorption coefficient, and fluorescence quantum efficiency of each phosphor. Based on this, a spectral interference model is constructed. This model describes the physical process by which the emitted light from the short-wavelength phosphor is absorbed by the long-wavelength phosphor and re-emitted along its propagation path, by introducing the coupling coefficient between the phosphor components.

[0028] In the specific modeling, the phosphor colloidal layer is discretized into multiple micro-layers along the thickness direction, and the light flux transfer between each micro-layer is solved using a layer-by-layer recursive method. For the th The residual spectral energy of the substrate light source in each micro-layer. Spectral energy of the substrate light source incident on this micro-element layer The following recurrence relation applies between them:

[0029] in, For the first Each phosphor component within a microlayer has a wavelength The sum of the absorption coefficients at each location, The thickness of the micro-element layer is given. This formula reflects the energy attenuation of the substrate light source within each micro-element layer due to absorption by the phosphor.

[0030] For the A number of phosphors (arranged in order of emission wavelength from shortest to longest) are listed in the first... The primary excitation spectral energy generated within each microlayer Expressed by the following formula:

[0031] in, For the first The quantum efficiency of a phosphor For this phosphor at wavelength Normalized excitation spectrum value at that location, This represents the normalized emission spectrum value of the phosphor. This formula indicates the emission spectrum of the substrate light source affected by the first... The portion of energy absorbed by the phosphor is converted into primary excitation light emission of the phosphor with quantum efficiency.

[0032] It should be noted that in the above expression... The integral variable represents the incident light at wavelength. The phosphor absorbs the energy at a given point, and the integral sign is used to traverse all possible excitation wavelengths to accumulate the total energy absorbed by the phosphor. The result variable represents the wavelength at which the phosphor is excited. The emission spectral energy is at a certain wavelength, which is a specific position in the final emitted spectrum.

[0033] For the secondary excitation absorption effect, the first A type of phosphor (short wavelength) in the first Before the primary excitation light generated within the micro-element layer exits the micro-element layer, the short-wavelength portion of its energy is absorbed by the first... Phosphors (long wavelength, Absorbed again, the first The secondary excitation spectrum contribution of the phosphor is as follows:

[0034] in, For the first The first fluorescent powder for the first The absorption coefficient of light emitted by a phosphor, which is obtained through the first... The excitation spectrum of the first phosphor and the second The formula is calculated by combining the overlap integral of the emission spectra of the phosphors with the phosphor concentration. This formula quantitatively describes the physical process in which the primary excitation light of a short-wavelength phosphor is reabsorbed and re-emitted by a long-wavelength phosphor along its propagation path. It should be understood that in this formula... and The meanings are consistent with those mentioned earlier; the former describes the wavelength position of absorption, while the latter describes the wavelength position of re-emission.

[0035] Therefore, the first The total spectral energy output from each microlayer to the next microlayer This is the sum of the remaining energy of the substrate light source, the primary excitation energy of each phosphor, and the contributions from all secondary excitations:

[0036] The above recursive relationship, starting from the first micro-element closest to the LED chip and calculating layer by layer to the last micro-element closest to the light outlet, yields the final spectral energy distribution of light after it passes through the entire phosphor colloidal layer. It should be understood that the spectral interference model constructed in this way can accurately describe the nonlinear spectral coupling effect between phosphors of different wavelengths due to differences in optical path length, thus ensuring accurate calculation of spectral distortion and spatial chromaticity coordinates at large viewing angles.

[0037] S25, substitute the effective optical path corresponding to each emission angle into the spectral interference model, calculate the spectral absorption attenuation of the substrate light source emitted by the LED chip, and the spectral distortion caused by the secondary excitation absorption of the primary excitation light within the effective optical path, thereby reconstructing the final emission spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle. Specifically, the effective optical path lengths corresponding to the different exit angles obtained above are used as input parameters and substituted one by one into the constructed spectral interference model for solution.

[0038] First, the spectral absorption attenuation of the substrate light source (i.e., the original spectrum emitted by the LED chip without wavelength conversion) as it penetrates the initial phosphor colloidal layer is calculated. As the substrate light source propagates within the colloidal layer, the energy of each wavelength component gradually decreases exponentially with increasing effective optical path length. The substrate light source, after traversing the total effective optical path... Residual spectral energy after This can be expressed as:

[0039] in, This represents the initial spectral energy distribution when the substrate light source enters the phosphor colloidal layer. This represents the total effective optical path of the light ray penetrating the colloidal layer at the given exit angle. For each phosphor component at wavelength The sum of the absorption coefficients at each wavelength. This formula is a quantitative expression of the spectral absorption attenuation, and the degree of attenuation depends on the wavelength. The sum of the absorption coefficients of each phosphor component is multiplied by the effective optical path. After the substrate light source is absorbed by the phosphor, a portion of the corresponding energy is converted into primary excitation light emission of each wavelength phosphor according to the aforementioned primary excitation formula.

[0040] Next, the spectral distortion caused by secondary excitation absorption during the subsequent propagation of the primary excitation light is calculated. Specifically, after emission, the primary excitation light of the short-wavelength phosphor continues to propagate outward in the same direction. Before penetrating the colloidal layer, a portion of its short-wavelength energy is absorbed again by the long-wavelength phosphor, exciting the long-wavelength phosphor to generate secondary excitation light. This secondary excitation absorption effect causes a spectral distortion in the primary excitation light of the short-wavelength phosphor, i.e., a decrease in energy on the short-wavelength side and a relative increase in energy on the long-wavelength side. The longer the optical path, the more significant this distortion effect.

[0041] The spectral interferometry model solves the absorption, emission, reabsorption, and re-emission processes within each micro-element layer simultaneously according to the recursive relationship in step S24, calculating the spectral absorption attenuation distribution of the substrate light source and the spectral distortion distribution of the primary excitation light. Based on this, the total effective optical path is given... The recursive results of the infinitesimal layers are accumulated along the entire optical path, and the difference between the final spectrum considering the secondary excitation absorption effect and that without considering this effect is taken as the spectral distortion variable. This allows for the quantitative determination of the degree of spectral distortion at that emission angle.

[0042] Finally, by superimposing the remaining spectral energy of the substrate light source, the primary excitation spectral energy of each phosphor, and the secondary excitation spectral energy point by point according to wavelength, the final emitted spectral energy distribution at the corresponding emission angle can be reconstructed. It should be understood that this final emitted spectral energy distribution already includes all nonlinear spectral coupling effects caused by the effective optical path difference, and can truly reflect the actual spectral composition of the emitted light at that angle.

[0043] S26, the final emitted spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle is integrally solved using a color matching function to obtain the spatial chromaticity coordinates corresponding to each emission angle.

[0044] Specifically, for each exiting angle, the final exiting spectral energy distribution obtained from the aforementioned reconstruction is integrally calculated using wavelength integration with the standard chromaticity observer color matching function specified by the CIE standard chromaticity system. The color matching function consists of three sets of standard spectral response curves specified by the CIE, each corresponding to one of the three types of cone cells in the human eye. The final exiting spectral energy distribution is then multiplied by each of the three color matching functions and integrated over the entire visible light wavelength range to obtain the tristimulus values ​​corresponding to that spectral distribution. , , The tristimulus values ​​contain all the color information of the emitted spectrum. Further normalization of the tristimulus values ​​is then performed... , This allows us to obtain the chromaticity coordinates of the exit angle on the CIE chromaticity diagram. .

[0045] For each viewing angle ranging from the center to the edge, the above calculation is repeated to obtain the spatial chromaticity coordinate distribution corresponding to all viewing angles. This spatial chromaticity coordinate distribution reflects the color uniformity of the backlight LED across the entire viewing angle range, serving as a quantitative basis for subsequent iterative optimization aimed at eliminating the spatial color tolerance between the center and edge viewing angles.

[0046] S3, based on the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle, with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the central emission angle and the edge emission angle, uses the curvature parameter of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer as strongly coupled variables to perform iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation. In this embodiment, after obtaining the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewpoint, an iterative optimization operation is further performed with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the center emission viewpoint and the edge emission viewpoint.

[0047] Spatial color tolerance is used to quantitatively characterize the degree of difference between chromaticity coordinates under different emission angles. It is calculated as follows: the chromaticity coordinates of the center emission angle (usually defined as the direction with an emission angle of 0°) and the edge emission angle (e.g., the direction with an emission angle of 60°) are respectively converted to the CIE1976 uniform chromaticity space to obtain the corresponding uniform chromaticity coordinates. Then, the Euclidean distance between the two is calculated as the spatial color tolerance value. The smaller this value, the smaller the color difference between different viewing angles, and the better the display uniformity.

[0048] To achieve the aforementioned optimization objectives, this step does not employ the traditional step-by-step independent optimization method. Instead, it synchronously adjusts the curvature parameter of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topology parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer as strongly coupled variables. The curvature parameter of the parabolic surface describes the geometry of the reflective bowl-shaped parabolic surface. Specifically, it may include at least one of the following: focal length, half-aperture, eccentricity, or polynomial coefficients describing the surface shape of the parabolic surface. These parameters collectively determine the degree of curvature of the parabolic surface and the directional distribution of reflected light. The three-dimensional thickness topology parameters describe the height distribution of the outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer in three-dimensional space. This can be achieved by setting the height values ​​of multiple control points on the outer surface of the colloidal layer as design variables and using interpolation algorithms (such as bicubic spline interpolation or radial basis function interpolation) to generate a continuous, smooth surface, thereby achieving a parameterized expression of the thickness of each region of the colloidal layer.

[0049] The curvature parameter of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of the phosphor colloidal layer are physically strongly coupled. Specifically, the curvature parameter of the parabolic surface determines the positional and angular distribution of light rays emitted from the LED chip and reflected by the parabolic surface before entering the phosphor colloidal layer. Different curvature parameters will cause reflected light rays to pass through the colloidal layer at different positions and angles. The thickness of the phosphor colloidal layer at different positions determines the effective optical path length of each reflected light ray when it penetrates at that location. To compensate for the difference in effective optical path length between the reflected and direct light paths, the curvature of the parabolic surface needs to be matched with the thickness distribution of the colloidal layer. For example, when the curvature of the parabolic surface increases, causing more light rays to strike the edge region of the colloidal layer at large angles, the thickness of the colloidal layer in the edge region needs to be adjusted accordingly to control its effective optical path. There is no independent, sequentially determinable optimal solution between the two; only by incorporating both into the same optimization variable space for synchronous iteration can a globally optimal matching combination be found in the full parameter space. Therefore, this step treats both as strongly coupled variables for coordinated deformation, synchronously updating the curvature parameters of the parabola and the thickness topology parameters of each region of the colloidal layer in each iteration, and automatically seeking the optimal matching relationship between the two through the global search mechanism of the optimization algorithm.

[0050] In the specific implementation of iterative optimization, intelligent optimization methods such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithms, or differential evolution algorithms can be used for parameter space search. Taking PSO as an example, the algorithm first initializes multiple particles in the parameter space, each carrying a set of candidate parameter combinations (including parabolic curvature parameters and 3D thickness topological parameters of the colloidal layer). Then, for each set of parameter combinations, the 3D model is updated in optical simulation software, and ray tracing is performed to calculate the angular coordinates of each outgoing viewpoint under the current parameter combination and the spatial color tolerance value. Subsequently, the velocity and position of each particle are updated according to the magnitude of the spatial color tolerance value, moving towards a better solution. Through multiple iterations, the algorithm gradually approximates the parameter combination that minimizes the spatial color tolerance.

[0051] During the iterative optimization process, the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are constrained by preset manufacturability boundary constraints to ensure that the optimization results can be realized in actual manufacturing processes. As an example, the manufacturability boundary constraints include: limiting the three-dimensional topological outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer to a continuous smooth surface, and limiting the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the direct light path region to always be greater than the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the reflected light path region.

[0052] The constraint of the three-dimensional topological outer surface is a continuous smooth surface, which is intended to prevent the optimization algorithm from generating severe unevenness or discontinuous structure (such as step-like or peak-like morphology) that cannot be achieved in actual dispensing process, and to ensure that the optimized colloidal morphology can be manufactured by conventional fluid dispensing or molding process.

[0053] Furthermore, there is a constraint that the colloid thickness in the direct light path region (i.e., the region directly above the LED chip) is always greater than the colloid thickness in the reflected light path region (i.e., the region near the sidewall of the bowl-shaped parabolic surface). It should be noted that the effective optical path of light passing through the colloid in the direct light path is relatively short. Increasing the colloid thickness in this region can increase the optical path of the light rays at the central viewing angle, making it more consistent with the longer optical path of the light rays in the reflected light path, thus providing a physical justification for compensating for spatial color tolerance.

[0054] The two constraints mentioned above can work together to ensure that the optimization results balance optical performance and manufacturability.

[0055] Furthermore, during the iterative optimization process, it is also necessary to ensure that the overall light output flux of the reflection cup does not significantly decrease due to an excessive pursuit of chromaticity uniformity. Therefore, as an example, iterative optimization involving coordinated deformation and optical path compensation is performed, including: S31, construct a multi-objective evaluation function that includes a first weighted penalty term for spatial color tolerance and a second weighted penalty term for the overall luminous flux of the reflection bowl; In iterative optimization, focusing solely on minimizing spatial color tolerance may lead to extreme parameter combinations. For example, excessively increasing the colloidal layer thickness can significantly increase the optical path length across all viewing angles. While this reduces spatial color tolerance, it drastically decreases the overall light output flux due to a sharp increase in absorption loss, causing the device to fail to meet the brightness requirements of automotive displays. Therefore, this step constructs a multi-objective evaluation function with two penalty terms to seek the optimal trade-off between chromaticity uniformity and light output efficiency. The mathematical form of this evaluation function can be expressed as:

[0056] in, This represents a parameter vector composed of the parabolic curvature parameter and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameter of the colloidal layer; This is the first weighted penalty term, and its value is positively correlated with the spatial color tolerance value under the current parameter combination. This is the second weighted penalty term, whose value increases with the increase of flux loss when the overall luminous flux output is lower than the preset luminous efficacy threshold. and These are the weighting coefficients for the first and second weighting penalty items, respectively, which can be set according to the product's performance priorities. It should be understood that when the product has higher requirements for color uniformity, these coefficients can be appropriately increased. The relative value; when the product has higher requirements for brightness efficiency, it can be appropriately increased. The relative value of the evaluation function. The smaller the value, the better the overall performance of the current parameter combination.

[0057] S32, in the process of synchronously adjusting the curvature parameter and three-dimensional thickness topology parameter of the parabolic surface to seek the minimization of spatial color tolerance, the multi-objective evaluation function is used to eliminate parameter combinations that cause the overall light output flux to be lower than the preset luminous efficacy threshold.

[0058] Specifically, in each iteration, for each candidate parameter combination generated by the optimization algorithm, the 3D model is updated using optical simulation software, and ray tracing is performed to obtain the spatial color tolerance and overall luminous flux under that parameter combination. Then, the multi-objective evaluation function value is calculated. If a candidate parameter combination causes the overall luminous flux to fall below a preset luminous efficacy threshold (e.g., below 80% of the initial model's overall luminous flux), then the second weighted penalty term... This parameter combination is assigned a value far exceeding that of the first weighting penalty term, resulting in a significantly higher overall evaluation function value compared to other feasible parameter combinations. In subsequent particle position updates or selection operations, this parameter combination is excluded due to its excessively high evaluation function value and will not proceed to the next iteration.

[0059] By using the above multi-objective evaluation function, it can be ensured that the iterative optimization process is always carried out within the feasible region that meets the minimum light output efficiency requirement. The final optimal parameter combination can eliminate spatial chromaticity inhomogeneity while maintaining the basic optical efficiency of the device.

[0060] S4. When the spatial color tolerance converges to the preset minimum value and the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range, stop the iteration and output the optimal parabolic curvature parameters for mold manufacturing and the optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data for guiding the dispensing process.

[0061] In this embodiment, when the iterative optimization process meets the following two preset termination conditions, the iteration stops and the optimal parameter combination is extracted and output from the current population or particle swarm.

[0062] 1) Spatial color tolerance converges to a preset minimum value. During the iterative optimization process, as the number of iterations increases, the spatial color tolerance value gradually decreases and tends to stabilize. When the change in the spatial color tolerance value over several adjacent iterations (e.g., 10 consecutive iterations) is less than a preset change threshold (e.g., the change is less than 1% of the initial spatial color tolerance value), or when the absolute value of the current spatial color tolerance is less than a preset tolerance threshold (e.g., the color difference value is less than 0.002), it can be determined that the spatial color tolerance has converged to a preset minimum value.

[0063] It should be understood that this condition is set to ensure that the optimization results have met the design expectations in terms of color uniformity. It should be noted that the specific values ​​of the aforementioned variation threshold and tolerance threshold can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual product's color uniformity requirements and the calculation accuracy of the optical simulation software; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0064] 2) The overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range. Here, the overall chromaticity coordinates refer to the weighted average chromaticity coordinates of the white light emitted by the backlight LED device across the entire viewing angle range. The calculation method is as follows: the final emitted spectral energy distribution of all emission angles obtained in step S2 is weighted and averaged according to the solid angle weights corresponding to each angle to obtain the overall emitted spectral energy distribution. Then, the corresponding chromaticity coordinates are obtained by integral calculation using a color matching function. These overall chromaticity coordinates reflect the comprehensive color performance of the LED device across the entire color space.

[0065] The preset high color gamut target range is pre-set according to the high color gamut display requirements of the vehicle display screen. Optionally, the high color gamut target range can be set so that the x-component of the overall chromaticity coordinates falls within the range of 0.274 to 0.283, and the y-component falls within the range of 0.254 to 0.258. This target range corresponds to the specific color temperature range required by the backlight LED of the vehicle display screen, ensuring that the emitted white light meets the optical standards for high color gamut display. It should be understood that the specific values ​​of the above chromaticity coordinate range are only illustrative examples, and can be adjusted accordingly based on the optical specifications of different vehicle models and different display screen suppliers in specific implementations. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this. The setting of the second termination condition is used to ensure that the optimization result meets the optical specifications of the high color gamut vehicle display screen in terms of color performance, avoiding deviation of the overall chromaticity from the target white point due to excessive pursuit of color uniformity.

[0066] During the iteration process, the spatial color tolerance and overall chromaticity coordinates are recorded and monitored in real time after each iteration. The iteration process stops only when both of the above conditions are met simultaneously. If only the spatial color tolerance converges but the overall chromaticity coordinates exceed the target range, or if the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the target range but the spatial color tolerance has not yet converged, the iteration continues. By setting the above dual termination conditions, it is ensured that the optimization results meet the design expectations in both chromaticity uniformity and color accuracy.

[0067] After the iteration stops, the following output parameters are extracted from the optimal parameter combination: 1) Optimal parabolic curvature parameters, which include at least one of the following: focal length, half-aperture, eccentricity, or polynomial coefficients describing the shape of the parabola.

[0068] The above parameters are output to the mold manufacturing department for making the injection mold for the reflective cup. During the mold design process, the geometry of the parabolic surface of the reflective cup in the mold cavity is determined according to the optimal parabolic curvature parameters. The parabolic cavity consistent with the optimization result is produced by precision machining (such as CNC milling or EDM), thereby ensuring that the mass-produced reflective cup has a macroscopic reflective surface shape consistent with the simulation optimization model.

[0069] 2) Optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data, which describes the optimal height distribution of the outer surface of the phosphor colloidal layer in three-dimensional space in the form of a three-dimensional surface coordinate matrix or contour plot.

[0070] The aforementioned morphological data is output to the dispensing process department to guide the setting of process parameters for the dispensing equipment. In practice, dispensing engineers determine the dispensing path, the dispensing volume distribution in each area, and the curing process parameters based on the optimal colloid layer morphology data. By precisely controlling the movement trajectory and dispensing volume of the dispensing needle, a phosphor colloid layer with an optimal three-dimensional thickness distribution is formed on the outside of the LED chip. For colloid layers with more complex morphologies, a molding process can be combined, using a precision mold that matches the optimal morphology data to press and shape the dispensed colloid layer, ensuring that the three-dimensional morphology of the colloid layer is consistent with the optimization results.

[0071] Please see Figure 4 This invention provides an optical design system 100 for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED, the system comprising: The model building module 101 is used to build a three-dimensional initial optical model, which includes a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip set on the bottom surface, and an initial phosphor colloidal layer coated on the outside of the LED chip, and imports the spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloidal layer. The ray tracing and calculation module 102 is used to perform full-view ray tracing in the three-dimensional initial optical model, extract the reflected light path after parabolic reflection and the direct light path that is directly emitted, calculate the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles, and calculate the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data. The iterative optimization module 103 is used to perform iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation based on the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewpoint, with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the central emission viewpoint and the edge emission viewpoint. The curvature parameters of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are used as strongly coupled variables. The result output module 104 is used to stop the iteration when the spatial color tolerance converges to a preset minimum value and the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range, and outputs the optimal parabolic curvature parameters for mold manufacturing and the optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data for guiding the dispensing process.

[0072] As an example, the ray tracing and calculation module 102 is specifically used for: Obtain the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point between each target ray in the reflected light path and the direct light path and the inner surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point with the outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Calculate the straight-line distance between the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point corresponding to the same target ray, and use it as the single effective optical path of the target ray penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Extract the exit angle of each target ray when it finally exits the three-dimensional initial optical model, and establish the mapping relationship between each single effective optical path and the corresponding exit angle, so as to obtain the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different exit angles.

[0073] As an example, the ray tracing and calculation module 102 is also specifically used for: The spectral response data is analyzed to extract the intrinsic spectra of phosphors of different wavelengths in the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and a spectral interference model reflecting the secondary excitation absorption effect between short-wavelength phosphors and long-wavelength phosphors is constructed. Substitute the effective optical path length corresponding to each emission angle into the spectral interference model to calculate the spectral absorption attenuation of the substrate light source emitted by the LED chip, as well as the spectral distortion caused by the secondary excitation absorption of the primary excitation light within the effective optical path transmission, thereby reconstructing the final emission spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle. The final emitted spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle is integrally solved using a color matching function to obtain the spatial chromaticity coordinates corresponding to each emission angle.

[0074] As an example, the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are constrained by the preset manufacturability boundary constraints during the iterative optimization process; The manufacturability boundary constraints include: limiting the three-dimensional topological outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer to a continuous smooth surface, and limiting the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the direct light path region to always be greater than the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the reflected light path region.

[0075] As an example, the iterative optimization module 103 is specifically used for: Construct a multi-objective evaluation function that includes a first weighted penalty term for spatial color tolerance and a second weighted penalty term for the overall luminous flux emitted by the reflection bowl; In the process of synchronously adjusting the curvature parameters and three-dimensional thickness topology parameters of the parabolic surface to minimize the spatial color tolerance, the multi-objective evaluation function is used to eliminate parameter combinations that cause the overall light output flux to be lower than the preset luminous efficacy threshold.

[0076] It should be understood that the system embodiments described in detail above are corresponding architectural representations of the aforementioned optical design method in physical or virtual execution environments, and both share the same inventive concept. Given that the aforementioned method embodiments have already provided a detailed description of each operational step, this section will not elaborate on the specific workflow at the system level.

[0077] Furthermore, it should be noted that the various embodiments, preferred methods, and technical features included in this disclosure all possess good compatibility and versatility in their overall technical concept. Without violating conventional physical laws and logic, those skilled in the art can flexibly combine, nest, or replace the aforementioned technical features according to actual optical packaging design scenarios and performance indicators. Any technical solutions derived from logical modifications and reorganizations based on these features should also be considered to fall within the protection scope defined in this application.

Claims

1. An optical design method for a high color gamut automotive display screen backlight LED, characterized in that, The method includes: A three-dimensional initial optical model is established, which includes a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip set on the bottom surface, and an initial phosphor colloidal layer coated on the outside of the LED chip. The spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloidal layer are then imported. In the three-dimensional initial optical model, full-view ray tracing is performed to extract the reflected light path after parabolic reflection and the direct light path that is directly emitted. The effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles is calculated. Based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data, the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle are calculated. Based on the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewpoint, with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the central emission viewpoint and the edge emission viewpoint, the curvature parameter of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are used as strongly coupled variables to perform iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation. When the spatial color tolerance converges to the preset minimum value and the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range, the iteration stops, and the optimal parabolic curvature parameters for mold manufacturing and the optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data for guiding the dispensing process are output.

2. The optical design method for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculate the effective optical path length of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles, including: Obtain the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point between each target ray in the reflected light path and the direct light path and the inner surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point with the outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Calculate the straight-line distance between the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point corresponding to the same target ray, and use it as the single effective optical path of the target ray penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Extract the exit angle of each target ray when it finally exits the three-dimensional initial optical model, and establish the mapping relationship between each single effective optical path and the corresponding exit angle, so as to obtain the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different exit angles.

3. The optical design method for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 2, characterized in that, Calculate the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each exit angle based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data, including: The spectral response data is analyzed to extract the intrinsic spectra of phosphors of different wavelengths in the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and a spectral interference model reflecting the secondary excitation absorption effect between short-wavelength phosphors and long-wavelength phosphors is constructed. Substitute the effective optical path length corresponding to each emission angle into the spectral interference model to calculate the spectral absorption attenuation of the substrate light source emitted by the LED chip, as well as the spectral distortion caused by the secondary excitation absorption of the primary excitation light within the effective optical path transmission, thereby reconstructing the final emission spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle. The final emitted spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle is integrally solved using a color matching function to obtain the spatial chromaticity coordinates corresponding to each emission angle.

4. The optical design method for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are constrained by the preset manufacturability boundary constraints during the iterative optimization process; The manufacturability boundary constraints include: limiting the three-dimensional topological outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer to a continuous smooth surface, and limiting the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the direct light path region to always be greater than the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the reflected light path region.

5. The optical design method for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, Iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation includes: Construct a multi-objective evaluation function that includes a first weighted penalty term for spatial color tolerance and a second weighted penalty term for the overall luminous flux emitted by the reflection bowl; In the process of synchronously adjusting the curvature parameters and three-dimensional thickness topology parameters of the parabolic surface to minimize the spatial color tolerance, the multi-objective evaluation function is used to eliminate parameter combinations that cause the overall light output flux to be lower than the preset luminous efficacy threshold.

6. An optical design system for a high color gamut automotive display backlight LED, characterized in that, The system includes: The model building module is used to build a three-dimensional initial optical model, which includes a reflective cup containing a parabolic surface and a bottom surface, an LED chip set on the bottom surface, and an initial phosphor colloidal layer coated on the outside of the LED chip, and imports the spectral response data of the LED chip and the initial phosphor colloidal layer. The ray tracing and calculation module is used to perform full-view ray tracing in the three-dimensional initial optical model, extract the reflected light path after parabolic reflection and the direct light path after direct emission, calculate the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different emission angles, and calculate the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission angle based on the effective optical path and the spectral response data. The iterative optimization module is used to perform iterative optimization of coordinated deformation and optical path compensation based on the spatial chromaticity coordinates of each emission viewpoint, with the goal of eliminating the spatial chromatic tolerance between the central emission viewpoint and the edge emission viewpoint. The curvature parameters of the parabolic surface and the three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are used as strongly coupled variables. The results output module is used to stop the iteration when the spatial color tolerance converges to a preset minimum value and the overall chromaticity coordinates fall within the preset high color gamut target range, and outputs the optimal parabolic curvature parameters for mold manufacturing and the optimal phosphor colloidal layer morphology data for guiding the dispensing process.

7. The optical design system for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ray tracing and calculation module is specifically used for: Obtain the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point between each target ray in the reflected light path and the direct light path and the inner surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point with the outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Calculate the straight-line distance between the coordinates of the first spatial intersection point and the coordinates of the second spatial intersection point corresponding to the same target ray, and use it as the single effective optical path of the target ray penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer; Extract the exit angle of each target ray when it finally exits the three-dimensional initial optical model, and establish the mapping relationship between each single effective optical path and the corresponding exit angle, so as to obtain the effective optical path of light penetrating the initial phosphor colloidal layer under different exit angles.

8. The optical design system for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ray tracing and calculation module is also specifically used for: The spectral response data is analyzed to extract the intrinsic spectra of phosphors of different wavelengths in the initial phosphor colloidal layer, and a spectral interference model reflecting the secondary excitation absorption effect between short-wavelength phosphors and long-wavelength phosphors is constructed. Substitute the effective optical path length corresponding to each emission angle into the spectral interference model to calculate the spectral absorption attenuation of the substrate light source emitted by the LED chip, as well as the spectral distortion caused by the secondary excitation absorption of the primary excitation light within the effective optical path transmission, thereby reconstructing the final emission spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle. The final emitted spectral energy distribution corresponding to each emission angle is integrally solved using a color matching function to obtain the spatial chromaticity coordinates corresponding to each emission angle.

9. The optical design system for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that, The three-dimensional thickness topological parameters of each region of the initial phosphor colloidal layer are constrained by the preset manufacturability boundary constraints during the iterative optimization process; The manufacturability boundary constraints include: limiting the three-dimensional topological outer surface of the initial phosphor colloidal layer to a continuous smooth surface, and limiting the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the direct light path region to always be greater than the local colloidal thickness corresponding to the reflected light path region.

10. The optical design system for high color gamut automotive display backlight LEDs according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that, The iterative optimization module is specifically used for: Construct a multi-objective evaluation function that includes a first weighted penalty term for spatial color tolerance and a second weighted penalty term for the overall luminous flux emitted by the reflection bowl; In the process of synchronously adjusting the curvature parameters and three-dimensional thickness topology parameters of the parabolic surface to minimize the spatial color tolerance, the multi-objective evaluation function is used to eliminate parameter combinations that cause the overall light output flux to be lower than the preset luminous efficacy threshold.

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