Three-dimensional display device and method based on aerosol halo refraction

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of naked-eye stereoscopic display, and particularly discloses a three-dimensional stereoscopic display device and method based on aerosol halo refraction, which comprises a sealed imaging cavity, a medium sorting unit, a multi-waveband light source unit, a spatial light modulation unit, a light path beam combining and calibration unit and a main control unit. The device forms a stable smooth aerosol cloud group in the imaging cavity by electrostatic sorting and laminar flow secondary purification of ambient air; relying on the double mechanism of natural dispersion stratification of RGB light and active depth modulation of the light beam, a voxelized three-dimensional image with a real physical depth is constructed. The system can adaptively monitor and compensate environmental and medium parameters to ensure imaging stability. The application discards the traditional diffuse scattering imaging mode, does not need artificial consumables, has the advantages of clear image quality, pure color, no viewing distortion, low consumption safety, wide adaptation scene and the like, and effectively solves the problems of traditional suspended imaging, such as lack of depth of field, poor image quality and high operation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of naked-eye stereoscopic display technology, specifically to a three-dimensional stereoscopic display device and method based on aerosol halo refraction. Background Technology

[0002] Naked-eye aerial stereoscopic imaging technology is an important development direction in the display field. Its core objective is to eliminate physical carriers such as screens and projection screens, generating directly observable suspended stereoscopic images in free space. However, current mainstream imaging devices all have significant shortcomings in practical applications: 1. Water mist fog screen imaging device: It relies on water mist diffuse scattering imaging, requires continuous water supply and ventilation equipment, is large in size and consumes a lot of power. The high humidity of the operating environment can easily cause hardware corrosion and circuit failure. The imaging is essentially a two-dimensional planar projection, with blurred edges and severe ghosting. It has no real physical depth of field and a narrow viewing angle, and can only be used in specific indoor scenarios.

[0003] 2. Laser plasma imaging device: It relies on high-energy femtosecond lasers to break down the air and generate plasma luminous points. The power of a single device can reach kilowatt level, which is extremely energy-intensive and expensive. Lasers pose optical radiation risks and are not safe enough for civilian use. In addition, the imaging color is monotonous, flickering is obvious, and the imaging range is extremely small, making it impossible to achieve color dynamic high-definition imaging.

[0004] 3. Optical holographic imaging devices: rely on physical recording media such as holographic films and spatial light modulators, and cannot achieve pure air suspension imaging; have strict requirements for environmental vibration and air cleanliness, are difficult to debug, have high mass production costs, and are severely limited in field of view and imaging size.

[0005] 4. Existing aerosol-related imaging devices generally adopt diffuse scattering imaging mechanism, merely using aerosols as a substitute for general projection screens, without accurately screening the optical quality of particles, resulting in excessive stray light and poor image clarity; moreover, there are no stereoscopic display devices based on the refraction and dispersion mechanism of natural micro-dust halos and with a complete medium purification architecture, indicating a clear technological gap in the industry.

[0006] In summary, existing devices generally suffer from problems such as reliance on artificial media, poor image quality, weak 3D effects, high power consumption and cost, and poor scene adaptability. There is an urgent need for a 3D stereoscopic display device based on a new imaging mechanism, with a simplified structure, and stable mass production capability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional stereoscopic display device and method based on aerosol halo refraction. Relying on the core imaging mechanism of AHR-SI, it achieves true three-dimensional suspended stereoscopic display with no physical screen, low material consumption, and high image quality through a three-in-one medium purification architecture and layered light field modulation technology. This solves the pain points of existing devices, such as strong dependence on media, poor imaging quality, and insufficient three-dimensional effect, and promotes the civilian application of naked-eye stereoscopic imaging technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: a three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction, comprising a sealed imaging cavity, a medium sorting unit, a multi-band light source unit, a spatial light modulation unit, an optical path beam combining and calibration unit, and a main control unit; (1) Imaging cavity: It adopts a light-transmitting structure with a visible light transmittance of ≥85%, and the main body is made of optical glass or high-transmittance acrylic material; the inner wall of the imaging cavity is fully covered with a low surface energy anti-stick coating with a surface energy of ≤20mN / m. The surface of the anti-stick coating is arranged with micro-nano protrusions, which can reduce the adhesion of smooth particles to the wall and trap rough dust. A pull-out dust collection chamber is set at the bottom of the imaging cavity to collect large particles of impurities that settle; a return air filter module is set at the top, which, together with the bottom air intake rectification layer, forms a closed-loop internal circulation air path to reduce the intrusion of external impurities. The imaging area of ​​the imaging cavity has an aerosol concentration sensor and a forward scattering light intensity detector built in, which collect media parameters in real time and feed them back to the main control unit.

[0009] (2) Medium sorting unit: Integrated inside the imaging cavity, it is composed of an electrostatic generation component and a laminar airflow component. It is used to screen smooth aerosol microparticles with a particle size of 0.5μm to 5μm and a surface roughness Ra < 20nm from the ambient air and form a stable suspended aerosol cloud in the imaging cavity.

[0010] Electrostatic generator assembly: includes electrode plates symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the cavity and a low-voltage electrostatic generator. The output electrostatic field voltage is stable at 5kV to 15kV. It utilizes the difference in particle charge-to-mass ratio to achieve the initial separation of smooth particles and rough dust, so that smooth particles are stably kept in the central imaging area, while rough particles are offset towards the cavity wall and intercepted by the coating.

[0011] Laminar flow airflow assembly: including a rectifier duct, a honeycomb rectifier mesh and a low-speed fan located at the bottom of the cavity, outputting an upward uniform laminar airflow with a flow velocity controlled between 0.1m / s and 0.5m / s. It utilizes the Stokes settling principle to lift light and smooth particles, causing large-mass agglomerated dust to settle to the bottom collection chamber for secondary purification.

[0012] (3) Multi-band light source unit: Located on the side or top of the imaging cavity, it provides a full-gamut color light source for the system, including three independently controllable collimated light sources: red, green, and blue. Laser or high-brightness LED modules can be used. The wavelengths of the three light sources are 630–640nm for red, 515–530nm for green, and 440–450nm for blue, respectively. The single-channel output divergence angle is ≤0.1°, and the brightness supports 256 levels of independent grayscale adjustment, enabling full-gamut color imaging. Each light source has a built-in constant temperature control and heat dissipation structure to ensure the long-term stability of output power and wavelength.

[0013] (4) Spatial light modulation unit: Located on the outgoing light path of the multi-band light source unit, it is used to perform spatial patterning modulation and angle scanning of the incident beam, projecting the light field information of the target's three-dimensional image onto the aerosol cloud. The following two implementation schemes can be adopted: Galvanometer scanning scheme: A two-dimensional high-speed galvanometer module is used, with a scanning rate of ≥30Kpps and an angle control accuracy of ≤0.01°. Through high-speed deflection scanning on the X / Y axis, a planar pattern dot matrix is ​​formed within the aerosol cloud, which, in conjunction with the persistence of human vision, generates a continuous image.

[0014] DMD projection solution: It adopts DMD digital micromirror array and uses pixel-level light intensity modulation to directly project the preset image onto the corresponding depth layer of the aerosol cloud, resulting in higher image detail and adaptability to static images and high-definition video scenes.

[0015] (5) Optical path beam combining calibration unit: Located between the light source unit and the spatial light modulation unit, it consists of a collimating mirror, a beam splitter, a beam combiner, and a fine-tuning mirror mount. It is used to correct the coaxiality and light intensity consistency of the RGB three-color optical paths, accurately couple the three beams into a coaxial output, control the beam convergence error to ≤2mm, and ensure that the imaging area has uniform color, no ghosting, and no color deviation.

[0016] (6) Main control unit: It adopts an embedded industrial control motherboard, which is electrically connected to the media sorting unit, multi-band light source unit, spatial light modulation unit and various sensors respectively, and uniformly controls the entire process of media sorting, beam output and light field modulation. It has built-in ambient light sensor and temperature sensor, which can monitor environmental parameters in real time and perform adaptive compensation to maintain imaging stability.

[0017] The three-dimensional effect of this device is achieved through a dual mechanism, possessing realistic physical depth of field and providing distortion-free and seamless viewing from all angles. 1. Natural dispersion layering: RGB light undergoes halo refraction on the surface of smooth aerosol particles, producing different characteristic deflection angles due to wavelength differences: blue light about 40°, green light about 41°, and red light about 42°, naturally corresponding to the three spatial depth levels of near field, mid field, and far field, forming the basic spatial depth light field.

[0018] 2. Active Depth Modulation: The spatial light modulation unit, in conjunction with axial zoom or multi-plane scanning, slices the target 3D image into multiple planar light fields according to depth information, and projects them sequentially to the corresponding spatial depth. This is superimposed with the natural dispersion layering effect to form a continuous voxelized true 3D stereoscopic image.

[0019] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional stereoscopic display method based on the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps: S1. The system is powered on and initialized. The main control unit performs hardware self-tests of each module, optical path reference calibration and sensor zero-point calibration. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, it enters standby mode.

[0020] S2. Start the medium sorting unit and simultaneously turn on the electrostatic field and laminar airflow. Through the synergistic effect of electrostatic sorting, airflow settling and wall interception, aerosol particles that meet the particle size and roughness standards are screened in the imaging cavity and gradually form a steady-state suspended aerosol cloud.

[0021] S3. Import the target 3D image data, decompose it into near, middle and far multi-layer planar light fields according to the depth information, and generate corresponding modulation control commands.

[0022] S4. The multi-band light source unit outputs RGB three-color collimated parallel beams, which are then coaxially corrected and intensity matched by the optical path beam combining and calibration unit before being incident on the spatial light modulation unit.

[0023] S5. The spatial light modulation unit dynamically adjusts the spatial trajectory and intensity of the light beam according to the layered light field data, and projects the planar light fields of each layer to the corresponding depth region of the aerosol cloud in sequence.

[0024] S6. When a beam of light irradiates aerosol microparticles, it causes halo refraction and dispersion. Light of different wavelengths forms colored light spots at corresponding depth layers. After multiple light spots are superimposed, a three-dimensional levitation image with real physical depth of field is formed.

[0025] S7. The main control unit monitors aerosol concentration, uniformity and ambient light intensity in real time through sensors, dynamically adjusts sorting parameters and light source brightness, compensates for light field deviation caused by environmental changes, and maintains long-term imaging stability.

[0026] The steady-state determination condition in step S2 is: the normalized concentration variance of the aerosol cloud in the imaging area is <0.08, and the continuous steady-state duration is ≥300s; after the condition is met, the main control unit triggers the optical path output and imaging process.

[0027] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. Excellent image quality: It adopts the aerosol halo refraction mechanism to replace the traditional diffuse scattering scheme, resulting in sharp and clear image edges, high color saturation, and weak stray light interference, with image quality significantly better than ordinary fog screen projection.

[0028] 2. Extremely low media cost: The three-in-one purification architecture directly filters imaging media from ambient air, eliminating the need for continuous supply of consumables such as water mist and artificial particles, resulting in low operation and maintenance costs and environmental friendliness.

[0029] 3. Realistic 3D effect: The combination of natural dispersion layering and active depth modulation mechanisms generates images with realistic physical depth of field, with horizontal and vertical field of view ≥60°, and no distortion, ghosting, or discontinuity when viewed from multiple angles.

[0030] 4. Safe and low power consumption: It does not require high-energy ionizing lasers or high-speed rotating mechanical structures, the whole machine has low power consumption, no optical radiation or mechanical safety hazards, and is suitable for a variety of civilian scenarios.

[0031] 5. Strong scene adaptability: The imaging size can be flexibly scaled, adapting to everything from small desktop displays to large cultural and tourism exhibitions; the modular structure can be configured with light modulation units of different precision according to needs, covering multiple levels of application requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path layout of the multi-band light source and the optical path beam combining calibration unit.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a magnified schematic diagram of optical coupling for the refraction of aerosol halo in the imaging region.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall workflow of a three-dimensional stereoscopic display method based on aerosol halo refraction according to the present invention.

[0036] As shown in the figure: 1. Imaging cavity, 2. Medium sorting unit, 3. Multi-band light source unit, 4. Optical path beam combining and calibration unit, 5. Spatial light modulation unit, 6. Control unit, 7. Anti-stick coating, 8. Aerosol cloud, 9. Dust collection chamber, 10. Three-dimensional image. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0039] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0040] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] The following is a detailed description of the three-dimensional display device and method based on aerosol halo refraction according to the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Combined with appendix Figure 1-4 This invention will be described in detail below.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction, including an imaging cavity 1, a medium sorting unit 2, a multi-band light source unit 3, an optical path beam combining and calibration unit 4, a spatial light modulation unit 5, and a control unit 6.

[0046] (1) Imaging cavity 1 The imaging cavity 1 is a sealed cuboid cavity, with the main body made of high-transmittance optical glass or acrylic material, and a visible light transmittance of ≥85%. The entire inner wall of the imaging cavity 1 is coated with an anti-stick coating 7, which is a low surface energy fluorine coating with a surface energy of ≤20mN / m. The surface of the anti-stick coating 7 is covered with micro-nano protrusions, which can reduce the wall adhesion loss of smooth aerosol particles and trap rough dust particles. A dust collection chamber 9 is set at the bottom of the imaging cavity 1 to collect large agglomerated dust particles that have settled, and can be periodically extracted and cleaned. A concentration sensor is installed on the side wall of the imaging area of ​​the imaging cavity 1 to collect aerosol concentration and smoothness data in the imaging area in real time.

[0047] (2) Media sorting unit 2 The media sorting unit 2 is integrated inside the imaging cavity 1 and includes an electrostatic generation component and a laminar flow airflow component, which work together to complete the sorting and purification of natural gas aerosol particles. The electrostatic generator assembly includes a pair of symmetrically arranged electrode plates and a low-voltage electrostatic generator. The electrode plates are vertically installed on the inner walls of the left and right sides of the imaging cavity 1. The output voltage range of the electrostatic generator is 5kV to 15kV, which can form a uniform transverse electrostatic field in the imaging cavity 1. Based on the difference in particle charge-to-mass ratio, smooth aerosol particles are kept in the imaging area in the center of the imaging cavity 1, while rough and agglomerated particles are deflected toward the cavity wall and trapped by the anti-stick coating 7.

[0048] Laminar airflow assembly: Located at the bottom of the imaging cavity 1, it includes a honeycomb rectifier mesh, a rectifier duct and a low-speed fan, which can output an upward uniform laminar airflow with an airflow velocity control range of 0.1m / s to 0.5m / s. Based on the Stokes sedimentation principle, light and smooth particles are lifted and suspended in the imaging area by the airflow, while large and coarse particles settle into the dust collection chamber 9 at the bottom.

[0049] (3) Multi-band light source unit 3 The multi-band light source unit 3 is located in the bottom base of the imaging cavity 1, and includes three independently controllable collimated light source modules for red, green, and blue light. The center wavelengths of the three light sources are 630-640nm for red light, 515-530nm for green light, and 440-450nm for blue light, respectively. The divergence angle of a single output is ≤0.1°, and the brightness supports 256 levels of independent grayscale adjustment, enabling the output of a color collimated beam covering the entire color gamut. Each light source module has a built-in constant temperature control circuit and heat dissipation structure to ensure the long-term stability of output power and wavelength.

[0050] (4) Optical path beam combining calibration unit 4 like Figure 2As shown, the optical path beam combining calibration unit 4 is set on the output optical path of the multi-band light source unit 3, and consists of a collimating lens, a beam splitter, a beam combiner and a three-dimensional fine-tuning mirror mount; it is used to correct the three independent RGB beams into a coaxial output beam, control the beam convergence error ≤2mm, eliminate the position deviation and color shift of the three color optical paths, and ensure that the imaging area has uniform color and no ghosting.

[0051] (5) Spatial light modulation unit 5 The spatial light modulation unit 5 is located on the output side of the optical path beam combining and calibration unit 4, at the bottom center of the imaging cavity 1, and can be a two-dimensional high-speed galvanometer module or a DMD digital micromirror array. When a two-dimensional high-speed galvanometer is used, the scanning rate is ≥30Kpps and the angle control accuracy is ≤0.01°. Through high-speed deflection scanning of the X / Y axis, the light field information of the target image is projected point by point into the aerosol cloud 8, which, together with the persistence of human vision, forms a continuous picture.

[0052] When using a DMD digital micromirror array, pixel-level light intensity modulation directly projects a preset layered planar image onto the corresponding depth region of the aerosol cloud 8, resulting in a more detailed image that is suitable for high-definition still images and video scenes.

[0053] (6) Control Unit 6 The control unit 6 adopts an embedded industrial control motherboard, which is electrically connected to the media sorting unit 2, the multi-band light source unit 3, the spatial light modulation unit 5, the optical path beam combining and calibration unit 4, and the concentration sensor respectively, to uniformly control the operation sequence, parameter adjustment and status monitoring of the entire system; it has built-in ambient light sensor and temperature sensor, which can automatically perform imaging compensation according to environmental parameters.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also provides a three-dimensional stereoscopic display method based on the above-mentioned device, the working process of which is as follows: S1. After the system is powered on, the control unit 6 performs a full module hardware self-test, optical path reference calibration and sensor zero-point calibration. After confirming that there are no faults, it enters the standby state. S2, Control Unit 6 starts the medium sorting unit 2, and simultaneously turns on the electrostatic generator and laminar airflow assembly. After the ambient air enters the imaging cavity 1, through the synergistic effect of electrostatic sorting, airflow settling and wall interception, smooth aerosol particles with a particle size of 0.5μm to 5μm and a surface roughness Ra < 20nm are screened out, and gradually form a stable suspended aerosol cloud 8 in the center of the cavity. S3. When the concentration sensor detects that the normalized concentration variance of aerosol cloud 8 is <0.08 and the continuous steady-state duration is ≥300s, the control unit 6 triggers the optical path output. S4. The multi-band light source unit 3 outputs an RGB three-color collimated beam, which is then coaxially corrected and intensity matched by the optical path beam combining and calibration unit 4 before being incident on the spatial light modulation unit 5. S5, the spatial light modulation unit 5 dynamically adjusts the spatial trajectory and light intensity of the beam according to the preset three-dimensional image layered light field data, and projects the multi-layer planar light field sequentially to the corresponding depth region of the aerosol cloud 8. S6, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the light beam irradiates the aerosol microparticles, halo refraction and dispersion occur. Light of different wavelengths forms different deflection angles due to the difference in refractive index (about 40° for blue light, about 41° for green light, and about 42° for red light), forming colored light spots in the corresponding depth layers. After multiple light spots are superimposed, a three-dimensional stereoscopic image with real physical depth of field is formed 10. S7 and Control Unit 6 collect aerosol parameters and ambient light data in real time, dynamically adjust sorting parameters and light source brightness, compensate for light field deviations caused by environmental changes, and maintain long-term imaging stability.

[0055] The specific implementation process of the three-dimensional stereoscopic display device and method based on aerosol halo refraction of the present invention is as follows: Example 1: Small desktop 3D stereoscopic display device This embodiment is a desktop-level small imaging device with overall dimensions of 400mm×300mm×200mm, suitable for desktop displays, cultural and creative products, science popularization demonstrations and other scenarios.

[0056] 1. Hardware Configuration Sealed imaging cavity: Made of high-transparency acrylic material with visible light transmittance ≥88%, the inner wall is coated with a fluorine low surface energy coating with surface energy ≤18mN / m; the effective imaging area is 200mm×200mm×200mm.

[0057] Medium sorting unit: Dual-sided electrode plates with dimensions of 200mm×150mm and electrostatic voltage adjustment range of 5kV~12kV; bottom laminar flow duct with built-in honeycomb rectifier mesh, and airflow velocity adjustable from 0.1m / s to 0.3m / s.

[0058] Multi-band light source unit: adopts RGB three-color laser module, single channel power 3W, wavelengths of 635nm, 520nm and 450nm respectively, divergence angle ≤0.08°.

[0059] Spatial light modulation unit: It adopts a two-dimensional high-speed galvanometer with a scanning rate of 35Kpps and a deflection angle of ±22°, and achieves dynamic image output in conjunction with visual persistence.

[0060] Main control unit: Adopts ARM architecture embedded motherboard, integrates aerosol concentration sensor and ambient light sensor, and supports automatic parameter adjustment.

[0061] Workflow: After the equipment is powered on, the main control unit completes self-test and calibration; the media sorting unit is started, and a stable qualified aerosol cloud is formed in the cavity after about 120 seconds; the target three-dimensional model (such as product logo, small three-dimensional pattern) is imported and decomposed into three layers of depth light field; the galvanometer scans at high speed according to the light field data, and after the beam is refracted and dispersed by aerosol particles, a suspended color three-dimensional image is formed in the cavity.

[0062] Imaging effect: The effective imaging size is 150mm×150mm×150mm, the minimum voxel resolution is 0.8mm, the image edges are clear, and the stereo depth is obvious; it can be clearly observed in indoor natural light environment and can operate continuously and stably for more than 8 hours.

[0063] Example 2: Vehicle-mounted 3D stereoscopic display device This embodiment is a miniaturized device specifically designed for vehicle HUDs, integrated inside the vehicle's center console dashboard, suitable for both factory pre-installation and aftermarket modification in passenger vehicles.

[0064] 1. Hardware Configuration Imaging cavity: Made of high-strength optical glass, with shock resistance level meeting vehicle standards, and the inner wall is treated with anti-fog and anti-stick coating; the imaging area is located 1.5m in front of the driver's seat, with an imaging size of 300mm×100mm×80mm.

[0065] Media sorting unit: It adopts a micro electrostatic module and centrifugal fan laminar flow structure, which is compact in size and suitable for installation in small spaces inside the vehicle; it has a humidity compensation function to cope with changes in temperature and humidity inside the vehicle.

[0066] Light source and modulation unit: It adopts a combination of high-brightness LED collimated light source and DMD micromirror array, and the brightness supports automatic dimming to adapt to strong daylight and low-light nighttime environments; the imaging content is mainly vehicle speed, navigation, and driving warning information.

[0067] Main control unit: Connects to the vehicle's CAN bus, synchronizes driving data, and supports ambient light adaptive adjustment and vibration compensation algorithms.

[0068] Application effect: The image floats in front of the vehicle's windshield, without a physical screen obstructing the driver's view; it has a realistic sense of depth, allowing the driver to read information without frequently adjusting their focus; the device's power consumption is ≤15W, meeting the requirements for low power consumption in vehicles.

[0069] Example 3: Large-scale commercial exhibition-style 3D stereoscopic display device This embodiment describes a large-size imaging device for shopping malls, exhibition halls, and cultural and tourism venues, suitable for product displays, digital light and shadow, art installations, and other scenarios.

[0070] 1. Hardware Configuration Imaging cavity: It adopts a spliced ​​high-transparency glass structure with an overall size of 2000mm×1500mm×1800mm and optical observation windows on all four sides; it has multiple built-in media sorting modules to ensure the uniformity of aerosol clouds in a large space.

[0071] Light source and modulation unit: Multiple high-power light source arrays are spliced ​​together, and large-aperture galvanometers or multi-channel DMD projection are used to achieve large-size screen coverage; multiple devices are supported for cascading to expand the imaging range.

[0072] Main control unit: adopts industrial-grade industrial control computer, supports 4K level 3D content rendering and multi-device synchronous control; integrates environmental monitoring system to cope with complex environmental changes in the exhibition hall.

[0073] Application effect: It can generate suspended stereoscopic images up to 1500mm×1000mm×1200mm, supporting the display of product 3D models, dynamic promotional videos, and other content; the visual effect of pure air suspension has a strong sense of technology and appeal, and can be used for long-term continuous commercial operation.

[0074] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction, characterized in that, include: The imaging cavity is a closed, transparent cavity with a visible light transmittance of ≥85%, and the inner wall of the imaging cavity is provided with a low surface energy anti-stick coating. The medium sorting unit is located inside the imaging cavity and is used to sort smooth aerosol microparticles with a particle size of 0.5μm to 5μm and a surface roughness Ra < 20nm from the ambient air and form a stable suspended aerosol cloud in the center of the cavity. A multi-band light source unit is used to output three independently controllable collimated parallel beams: red, green, and blue. The optical path beam combining calibration unit is set on the output optical path of the multi-band light source unit. It is used to correct the coaxiality and intensity consistency of the three-color beams and couple the multi-beams into a coaxial output. The spatial light modulation unit is located on the output side of the optical path beam combining calibration unit. It is used to perform spatial patterning modulation and angle scanning on the incident beam and project the layered light field of the target three-dimensional image onto the aerosol cloud. The control unit is electrically connected to the media sorting unit, the multi-band light source unit, the optical path beam combining and calibration unit, and the spatial light modulation unit, respectively, and is used to uniformly control the entire process of media sorting, beam output and optical field modulation.

2. The three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium sorting unit includes an electrostatic generator and a laminar flow airflow assembly. The electrostatic generator includes an electrode plate and an electrostatic generator symmetrically arranged on both sides of the imaging cavity, and outputs an electrostatic field voltage of 5kV to 15kV. The laminar flow airflow assembly includes a rectifier duct and a low-speed fan located at the bottom of the cavity, and outputs an upward uniform laminar flow airflow with a flow velocity of 0.1m / s to 0.5m / s.

3. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three light sources of the multi-band light source unit have wavelengths of 630–640nm for red light, 515–530nm for green light, and 440–450nm for blue light, with a single-channel output divergence angle ≤0.1° and brightness that can be independently adjusted in grayscale.

4. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial light modulation unit is a two-dimensional high-speed galvanometer module with a scanning rate ≥30Kpps and an angle control accuracy ≤0.01°. It can form a planar pattern dot matrix within an aerosol cloud by X / Y axis deflection scanning.

5. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial light modulation unit is a DMD digital micromirror array, which projects a preset layered image onto the corresponding depth layer of the aerosol cloud through pixel-level light intensity modulation.

6. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imaging cavity is equipped with an aerosol concentration sensor and a forward scattering light intensity detector in the imaging area to collect medium parameters in real time and feed them back to the control unit.

7. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display device based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface energy of the anti-stick coating is ≤20mN / m, and the surface of the anti-stick coating is provided with micro-nano protrusions; the bottom of the imaging cavity is provided with a pull-out dust collection chamber, and the top is provided with a return air filter module, forming a closed-loop internal circulation air path.

8. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display method based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The system is powered on and initialized. The control unit performs hardware self-tests of each module, optical path reference calibration, and sensor zero-point calibration. S2. Start the medium sorting unit. Through the synergistic effect of electrostatic field and laminar airflow, aerosol particles that meet the particle size and roughness standards are screened in the imaging cavity, and gradually formed a steady-state suspended aerosol cloud. S3. Import the target 3D image data, decompose it into near, middle and far multi-layer planar light fields according to the depth information, and generate corresponding modulation control commands; S4. The multi-band light source unit outputs RGB three-color collimated parallel beams, which are then coaxially corrected and intensity matched by the optical path beam combining and calibration unit before being incident on the spatial light modulation unit. S5. The spatial light modulation unit dynamically adjusts the spatial trajectory and light intensity of the beam according to the layered light field data, and projects the planar light fields of each layer to the corresponding depth region of the aerosol cloud in sequence. S6. When the light beam irradiates the aerosol microparticles, it causes halo refraction and dispersion. Light of different wavelengths forms colored light spots at the corresponding depth layers. After multiple light spots are superimposed, they form a three-dimensional levitation image with real physical depth of field. S7: The control unit monitors aerosol parameters and ambient light parameters in real time, dynamically adjusts sorting parameters and light source brightness, and maintains long-term imaging stability.

9. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display method based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, when the normalized concentration variance of the aerosol cloud in the imaging area is <0.08 and the continuous steady-state duration is ≥300s, the control unit triggers the optical path output and imaging process.

10. A three-dimensional stereoscopic display method based on aerosol halo refraction according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S6, blue light, green light, and red light correspond to characteristic refraction angles of 40°, 41°, and 42°, respectively, which naturally correspond to three depth levels: near field, mid field, and far field. Together with active layered light field modulation, they form a three-dimensional light field.

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