A multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of ion trap control, and discloses a multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration, which uses the measured response of trapped ions as in-situ calibration information, online corrects the electrode action matrix under the condition of limited perturbation, and re-solves the multi-electrode driving voltage according to the correction result, so as to realize dynamic reconstruction of the potential well parameters. Compared with the prior art, the application is used for an ion trap system with multiple independently controlled electrodes, can be used in ion equilibrium position adjustment, vibration mode control, potential well parameter reconstruction and ion transport processes, and can be applied to ion trap quantum information processing, precision measurement and related experimental control systems. The application can update the control model according to the actual state change of the device, and is helpful to improve the adaptability of the multi-electrode ion trap to model deviation and state change.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of ion trap control and quantum information technology, and in particular to a method for dynamic reconstruction of a multi-electrode potential trap based on ion response self-calibration. Background Technology

[0002] Ion traps achieve spatial confinement of charged ions through radio frequency electric fields and electrostatic control fields, and adjust parameters such as the potential trap center, confinement strength, and vibrational modes using multiple control electrodes. In applications such as quantum information processing, precision measurement, and ion transport, it is usually necessary to establish a potential model based on the electrode geometry to obtain the interaction relationship between each control electrode and the local potential trap parameters, and then solve for the multi-electrode driving voltage.

[0003] Existing methods generally use the electrode interaction matrix obtained from numerical simulation or initial calibration as a fixed basis for subsequent control. However, due to factors such as micro / nano fabrication errors, surface stray charges, dielectric charging, and device state drift, the actual electric field distribution may gradually deviate from the theoretical model, making it difficult for the original interaction matrix to continuously and accurately describe the correspondence between the electrode voltage and the actual potential well parameters. If control continues to be based on a fixed model, phenomena such as ion equilibrium position shifts, vibrational mode frequency changes, and deviations from the expected potential well constraint state may occur.

[0004] Traditional methods can compensate electrode voltages manually or through feedback based on observations such as ion positions. However, such compensation primarily corrects the final driving quantity and does not directly correct the electrode interaction relationship itself that causes deviations. Under multi-electrode coupling conditions, relying solely on the response of a single position makes it difficult to accurately identify changes in the actual action of each electrode. If all electrodes are recalibrated one by one, the number of measurements becomes excessive, and the control disturbance becomes large, which is not conducive to continuous use under online operating conditions.

[0005] Based on the above problems, it is necessary to use the measured response of the ions themselves as in-situ calibration information to identify and correct the actual electrode interaction relationship online under limited perturbation conditions, and to resolve the multi-electrode cooperative driving parameters based on the corrected interaction matrix to realize the dynamic reconstruction of the potential well, thereby enhancing the adaptability of potential well control under actual device state changes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problem that discrepancies exist between the theoretical electrode interaction relationships and the actual device state in multi-electrode ion traps, making it difficult for a fixed electrode interaction matrix to consistently and accurately describe the correspondence between electrode voltages and local potential trap parameters. To address this issue, a dynamic reconstruction method for multi-electrode potential traps based on ion response self-calibration is proposed. This method utilizes the measured response of trapped ions as in-situ calibration information, corrects the electrode interaction matrix online under constrained perturbation conditions, and resolves the multi-electrode driving voltage based on the correction results, thereby achieving dynamic reconstruction of the potential trap parameters.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A dynamic reconstruction method for multi-electrode potential wells based on ion response self-calibration includes: S01, Establish the control electrode set and initial theoretical electrode action matrix based on the ion trap electrode structure. And obtain the initial response state of the trapped ions; S02, select a perturbation target based on the identifiability of the ion response of each control electrode or electrode combination in the control electrode set, and apply a restricted perturbation voltage to the selected perturbation target. ; S03, obtain the ion equilibrium position and vibration mode frequency before and after the perturbation, and obtain the measured ion response change vector. ; S04. Based on multiple sets of constrained perturbation voltages and the corresponding measured ion response change vectors, identify the local response matrix under the current device state. ; S05, the local response matrix Theoretical local response matrix corresponding to the initial electrode model By comparison, the response deviation of the actual electrode interaction relationship relative to the theoretical interaction relationship is obtained; S06, Determine the electrode action matrix correction amount based on the response deviation. And the initial theoretical electrode action matrix Incremental updates are performed to obtain the correction electrode action matrix. ; S07, according to the correction electrode action matrix The ion response under test perturbation conditions is predicted to obtain the predicted response of the correction model, and the predicted response of the correction model is compared with the corresponding measured ion response to evaluate the effect of the action matrix correction. S08, when the effect of the action matrix correction meets the preset requirements, according to the target potential well parameters and the correction electrode action matrix... Solve for the multi-electrode reconfiguration voltage; S09, apply the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage to the corresponding control electrode, obtain the reconstructed ion measured response and evaluate the potential well reconstruction result; when the potential well reconstruction result does not meet the preset requirements, re-execute the confined perturbation, ion response measurement and action matrix incremental correction.

[0008] Preferably, the ion response includes at least the ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency, and constitutes an ion response vector: , Where x, y, and z are the equilibrium positions of the ion in the three spatial directions. This represents the vibration mode frequency in the corresponding direction.

[0009] Preferably, the confined perturbation voltage When applied under conditions that maintain stable ion confinement, its single perturbation voltage component satisfies: , in, Let be the constrained perturbation voltage corresponding to the j-th selected control electrode. The maximum perturbation voltage amplitude is defined as follows: the perturbation object is determined to be identifiable based on the amplitude of the change in ion response caused by the candidate control electrode or electrode combination, the distinguishability between different response components, and the measurement noise level, and is selected based on the degree of identifiability.

[0010] Preferably, the ion response change vector is constructed based on the changes in ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency before and after the confined perturbation: , Where Δx, Δy, and Δz represent the changes in the equilibrium positions of the ion in the three spatial directions before and after the confined perturbation, respectively, and Δωx, Δωy, and Δωz represent the changes in the vibrational mode frequencies in the corresponding directions before and after the confined perturbation, respectively. And a local response relationship is established based on multiple sets of confined perturbation voltages and the corresponding measured ion response changes: , in, To measure noise and unmodeled disturbances.

[0011] Preferably, under the same test perturbation conditions, the theoretically predicted response change is calculated based on the theoretical local response matrix corresponding to the initial electrode model: , And based on the measured change in ion response Compared with the theoretically predicted change in response Calculate the response deviation: , The electrode action matrix correction amount is determined based on the response deviation corresponding to different perturbation electrodes or electrode combinations. .

[0012] Preferably, while retaining the initial theoretical electrode action matrix Based on the electrode action matrix correction amount Perform incremental updates: , in, The correction electrode action matrix reflects the current state of the device.

[0013] Preferably, the weighted error is calculated based on the predicted response of the calibration model and the measured ion response: , in, To correct the model's predicted response, This is the weighting matrix corresponding to different ion response components; when When, it enters the multi-electrode potential well reconstruction; when At that time, the perturbation object is reselected and local response calibration and action matrix incremental correction are performed. A preset error threshold for judging the effect of the action matrix correction.

[0014] Preferably, based on the center of the target potential well Target vibration mode frequency and principal axis parameters of the target potential well The target potential well parameter vector is formed as follows: , The multi-electrode reconfiguration voltage is then solved through constraint optimization based on the correction electrode action matrix. , in, and These are the weighting coefficients. It is the multi-electrode driving voltage vector to be solved. This is the multi-electrode driving voltage corresponding to the previous control cycle.

[0015] Preferably, when the number of control electrodes exceeds the number of independent potential well control targets, resulting in redundant control degrees of freedom, the null space adjustment of the correction electrode action matrix is ​​used while satisfying the target potential well parameters. : , in, To meet the basic drive voltage requirements for the main potential well reconstruction, To correct the zero-space basis of the electrode action matrix, This is a redundant degree-of-freedom adjustment vector; by adjusting the redundant degree-of-freedom adjustment vector, constraints are imposed on the driving voltage amplitude, unnecessary coupling between electrodes, or the use of control electrodes for abnormal response.

[0016] Preferably, after completing the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage update, the measured ion response is reacquired, and the reconstruction error is calculated: , in, The reconstructed measured ion response. For the target response; when Maintain the current multi-electrode driving state when Then, the confined perturbation, ion response measurement, and incremental correction of the action matrix are re-executed, and the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage is resolved based on the updated correction electrode action matrix. This is a preset reconstruction error threshold.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes the multidimensional responses of ions, such as their equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency, to perform in-situ self-calibration of the actual electrode interaction relationship, allowing for updates to the control model based on changes in the actual device state. Through constrained perturbation and incremental matrix correction, the need for complete recalibration of all control electrodes is reduced, and additional disturbances to the ion trapping state during calibration are minimized. Constrained reconstruction using the corrected interaction matrix and redundant degrees of freedom across multiple electrodes allows for the restoration of target potential well parameters while limiting the driving voltage amplitude and voltage fluctuations. Through the reconstructed ion response verification and recalibration mechanism, a continuously updated closed-loop potential well reconstruction process is formed, contributing to improved adaptability of multi-electrode ion traps to model deviations and changes in operating state. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-electrode ion trap and ion response self-calibration structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the confined perturbation and ion multidimensional response of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the online incremental correction of the electrode action matrix of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a scatter plot comparing the predicted and measured responses of the model before and after correction according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the online incremental correction of the electrode action matrix and the dynamic reconstruction of the multi-electrode potential well in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] This invention establishes an initial theoretical electrode interaction matrix based on the ion trap electrode structure. This describes the theoretical interaction between the voltages of each control electrode and the potential well parameters of the target region. Measurable parameters such as ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency are used to construct the ion response vector. , Where x, y, and z are the equilibrium positions of the ion in the three spatial directions. This represents the vibration mode frequency in the corresponding direction.

[0021] Under the condition of maintaining stable ion confinement, the perturbation target is selected based on the distinguishability of the ion response of different candidate electrodes or electrode combinations, and a restricted perturbation voltage is applied to the selected control electrode. Obtain the vector of ion response change before and after perturbation. Based on multiple sets of perturbation voltages and corresponding measured ion responses, a local response relationship is established: , in, The local response matrix, identified based on the measured ion response, is used to characterize the correspondence between minute voltage changes in the control electrode and changes in ion response under the current device state. To measure noise and unmodeled perturbations, the perturbation voltage is constrained by amplitude and ion state changes, enabling the perturbation process to obtain response information for electrode interaction calibration while maintaining stable ion confinement.

[0022] The identified local response matrix With the initial theoretical electrode action matrix The theoretical local response matrix obtained by linearization at the current operating point By comparison, the local response deviation of the actual electrode interaction relationship relative to the theoretical interaction relationship is obtained. The electrode interaction matrix correction amount is then determined based on this response deviation. And the initial theoretical electrode action matrix Perform incremental correction: , in, This is the initial theoretical electrode interaction matrix established based on the ion trap electrode structure. This is a correction amount for the electrode action matrix determined based on the measured ion response. This is a calibration electrode interaction matrix that reflects the current actual state of the device. By retaining the initial theoretical model and incrementally updating the changed electrode interaction relationships based on the measured ion response, the amount of measurement required for complete recalibration can be reduced.

[0023] Further define the target potential well parameter vector: , in, Indicates the center of the target potential well. Indicates the target vibration mode frequency. This represents the principal axis parameters of the target potential well. The multi-electrode driving voltage is solved based on the corrected electrode interaction matrix. , The first term is used to constrain the actual potential well to approach the target state, the second term is used to limit the overall driving voltage amplitude, and the third term is used to suppress excessive changes in electrode voltage within adjacent control cycles. For the corresponding weighting coefficients, It is the multi-electrode driving voltage vector to be solved.

[0024] When a multi-electrode system has redundant control degrees of freedom, further adjustments can be made using the null space of the electrode interaction matrix, while still satisfying the target potential well parameters. : , in, To meet the driving voltage requirements for the main potential well reconstruction, Denotes the null basis of the correction action matrix. This is a redundant degree-of-freedom adjustment vector to reduce voltage amplitude, reduce unnecessary coupling between electrodes, or avoid control electrodes with abnormal responses.

[0025] After completing the voltage update, the actual ion response is measured again, and the reconstruction error is calculated: , in, The reconstructed measured ion response. For the target response, This is the weighting matrix for each response. When... When the set threshold is exceeded, the local perturbation calibration and action matrix update are retried, thus forming a closed-loop control process that combines ion response measurement, action matrix correction, multi-electrode reconstruction, and response verification.

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention: like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-electrode ion trap includes multiple independent control electrodes. Each control electrode is given a corresponding driving voltage, forming a multi-electrode driving voltage vector: , Ions are confined within a local potential well region formed by multiple control electrodes. The equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency of the ions are obtained through imaging detection and vibrational mode measurement, forming the ion response vector: , Where x, y, and z represent the equilibrium positions of the ion in the three spatial directions. This represents the vibrational mode frequency in the corresponding direction. An initial theoretical electrode interaction matrix is ​​established based on the ion trap electrode geometry and the initial potential model. The measured ion response is fed back to the action matrix correction and potential well dynamic reconstruction process. The electrode action relationship is updated according to the current device state, and the multi-electrode driving voltage is regenerated, thus forming a closed-loop control structure with the ion's own response as in-situ feedback information.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, during the self-calibration of the interaction matrix, the initial equilibrium positions of the ions without applied perturbation are recorded. And the corresponding vibrational mode frequency. Under the condition of maintaining stable ion confinement, the perturbation target is selected according to the distinguishability of the ion response of the candidate control electrode or electrode combination, and a restricted perturbation voltage is applied to the selected control electrode. A single perturbation voltage component satisfies: , in, Let be the perturbation voltage corresponding to the j-th selected control electrode. This represents the maximum perturbation voltage amplitude allowed. The perturbation amplitude is set to a range that produces a measurable ion response without disrupting the stable trapped state.

[0028] After applying a perturbation, the ion equilibrium position changes from Change to Simultaneously, the corresponding vibration mode frequency is generated. The change in ion response before and after the perturbation is thus obtained: , By changing the selected perturbation electrode or electrode combination and obtaining multiple sets of perturbation voltage and response changes, a local response relationship is established: , in, This is the local response matrix identified based on the measured ion response. This represents measurement noise and unmodeled disturbances. The local response matrix reflects the actual effect of minute voltage changes of each measured control electrode on the multidimensional ion response under the current device state.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the local response matrix obtained from the measured ion response is compared with the theoretical local response matrix corresponding to the initial electrode model. By comparison, the deviation between the actual response and the theoretical response is obtained. For the same test perturbation voltage, the theoretically predicted change in response can be expressed as: , The deviation between the measured response and the theoretical predicted response is: , The electrode action matrix correction amount is determined based on the response deviation corresponding to different control electrodes or electrode combinations. And incremental updates are performed while retaining the initial theoretical model: , in, This is a correction electrode interaction matrix that reflects the current device state. This method avoids rebuilding a complete electrode model after each device state change; instead, it uses the measured ion response to locally update the changed electrode interaction relationships.

[0030] Figure 3 The lower section further illustrates the relationship between the theoretically predicted response, the observed response, and the calibrated model's predicted response under the same perturbation conditions. Before the action matrix correction, there was a certain deviation between the theoretical model's predicted response and the observed ion response; after incremental correction, the predicted response obtained from the calibrated action matrix approached the observed response. By comparing the response deviations before and after correction, the correction effect of the current action matrix can be evaluated.

[0031] Figure 3 The incremental correction process is illustrated using the action matrix components corresponding to the ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency as an example. For other potential well parameters that can be further characterized or identified by the ion response, the corresponding action matrix components can be extended in the same way.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, under the same test conditions, the model prediction responses before and after correction are compared with the measured ion responses. The correspondence between the corrected prediction response and the measured response is closer to the ideal consistency relationship and can be used to characterize the change in response consistency before and after the action matrix correction.

[0033] Figure 4 The scatter plots shown represent the correspondence between predicted and measured values ​​for different ion response components or under different test conditions. The horizontal axis represents the measured response, and the vertical axis represents the theoretical and predicted responses before and after correction, respectively. The dashed line represents the ideal consistency state where the predicted and measured responses are equal. This schematic result is used to illustrate the change in response consistency before and after the action matrix correction, without limiting the specific response values.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, the multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction process of the present invention includes steps S1 to S11.

[0035] S1, Initialization. Establish the control electrode set based on the ion trap electrode structure, and create an initial theoretical electrode interaction matrix. The initial equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency of the ions are obtained to form the initial ion response state.

[0036] S2, Select the perturbation electrode and apply a constrained perturbation. Select the current perturbation target based on the identifiability of the ion response to the candidate control electrode or electrode combination, and apply a perturbation voltage that satisfies the amplitude constraint to the selected electrode. By selecting perturbation objects with high response information, the need for a complete scan of all control electrodes is reduced. The degree of distinguishability can be evaluated based on the amplitude of response changes caused by candidate perturbations, the distinguishability between different response components, and the measurement noise level, with priority given to control electrodes or electrode combinations that can produce measurable and mutually distinguishable responses.

[0037] S3, Acquire the ion response. Obtain the ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency before and after the perturbation, and calculate the corresponding changes in ion response. .

[0038] S4. Identify the local response matrix. Based on multiple sets of perturbation voltages and their corresponding measured ion response changes, identify the local response matrix under the current device state. The actual local interaction relationship between the selected control electrode and the multidimensional response of ions is obtained.

[0039] S5, Calculate the response deviation. Calculate the theoretical response under the same perturbation conditions using the initial theoretical model, and compare it with the measured ion response to obtain the response deviation of the actual electrode interaction relationship relative to the theoretical interaction relationship.

[0040] S6, Construct the deviation matrix. Based on the response deviations corresponding to different perturbation electrodes or electrode combinations and their correspondence with each control electrode, combine the response deviations according to the electrode dimension, and then use the local response matrix... Relative to the theoretical local response matrix The change in local response is mapped to the initial theoretical electrode action matrix. Correction amount .

[0041] S7, Update the action matrix. Adjust the initial theoretical electrode action matrix based on the action matrix correction. Perform incremental updates: , Obtain the correction electrode action matrix under the current device state. .

[0042] S8. Comparative Analysis and Consistency Assessment. The ion response under the test perturbation conditions is predicted using the corrected action matrix and compared with the measured response. The consistency between the predicted and measured responses can be evaluated using weighted response error. , in, To correct the model's predicted response, This is the weighting matrix corresponding to different response components.

[0043] S9, assess the correction effect. Set the correction error... With preset correction threshold Compare. When: , When the current correction action matrix is ​​considered to satisfy the subsequent potential well reconstruction requirements, proceed to step S10; when If the perturbation object is selected again and the local response is calibrated, the result of the action matrix correction is evaluated again.

[0044] S10, Solve for the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage. Construct the target potential well parameter vector based on the target potential well center, target vibration mode frequency, and target potential well principal axis parameters: , In the correction action matrix Based on this, the fundamental reconfiguration voltage is solved through constraint optimization: , The first term is used to reduce the deviation between the current potential well parameters and the target potential well parameters; the second term is used to limit the overall driving voltage amplitude; and the third term is used to limit the voltage variation between adjacent control cycles. and These are the corresponding weighting coefficients.

[0045] When the number of control electrodes exceeds the number of independent potential well control targets, resulting in redundant control degrees of freedom, it can be set as follows: Furthermore, the null space adjustment of the correction action matrix is ​​utilized. : , in, To correct the null basis of the action matrix, This is a vector for adjusting redundant degrees of freedom. By adjusting... This allows for further limitation of the driving voltage amplitude, reduction of unnecessary electrode coupling, or decrease of dependence on electrodes that respond abnormally, while maintaining the main potential well reconstruction objective.

[0046] S11, Perform potential well reconstruction and verify the response. Apply the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage obtained in step S10 to the corresponding control electrode to reconstruct the actual potential well to the target state. After completing the voltage update, remeasure the ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency to obtain the reconstructed measured ion response. And calculate its response relative to the target response. Reconstruction error: , Let the preset reconstruction error threshold be... When satisfied When, maintain the current multi-electrode driving state; when If the condition is met, return to step S2, re-execute the confined perturbation, ion response measurement, and incremental correction of the interaction matrix, and solve for the reconstructed voltage again based on the updated interaction matrix. This forms a closed-loop dynamic reconstruction process that combines ion response measurement, interaction matrix correction, multi-electrode potential well reconstruction, and response verification.

[0047] The following is a specific embodiment, using an ion trap with eight independent control electrodes as an example to illustrate the implementation process of the present invention. The following parameters are used to illustrate the execution process of the method and do not constitute a limitation on the parameter range of actual devices. An initial theoretical interaction matrix is ​​established based on the electrode geometry. The initial equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequencies in three directions of the trapped ions are measured to form the initial response vector. .

[0048] While maintaining stable ion confinement, a restricted perturbation was applied to an electrode with a high degree of identifiability among eight control electrodes. For example, the amplitude of a single perturbation voltage was limited to within 20 mV, and the changes in ion position and vibrational mode frequency before and after the perturbation were recorded sequentially to form multiple sets. and Identify the local response matrix based on the collected data. and with the theoretical local response matrix By comparison, the response deviation is obtained, and the correction amount of the action matrix is ​​determined accordingly. ,get: , The correction results are verified using the same test perturbation. When the error between the corrected predicted response and the measured response does not exceed a preset threshold, the correction is successful. Perform potential well reconstruction.

[0049] For example, a target displacement is set for the center of the potential well along the x-direction, while maintaining the positions in the y and z directions and the frequency of the main vibration mode within a set range. The multi-electrode reconstruction voltage is then calculated based on the target potential well parameters. Furthermore, when redundant control degrees of freedom exist, the voltage combination is further adjusted using the zero space. The resulting voltage is applied to the corresponding control electrode, and the ion response is measured again. The following calculations are then performed: , when Maintain the current refactoring state; when Then, the restricted perturbation and the incremental correction of the action matrix are re-executed.

[0050] This invention is applicable to ion trap systems with multiple independent control electrodes and can be used for processes such as ion equilibrium position adjustment, vibration mode control, potential trap parameter reconstruction, and ion transport. It can also be applied to ion trap quantum information processing, precision measurement, and related experimental control systems.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic reconstruction of a multi-electrode potential well based on ion response self-calibration, characterized in that, include: S01, Establish the control electrode set and initial theoretical electrode action matrix based on the ion trap electrode structure. And obtain the initial response state of the trapped ions; S02, select a perturbation target based on the identifiability of the ion response of each control electrode or electrode combination in the control electrode set, and apply a restricted perturbation voltage to the selected perturbation target. ; S03, obtain the ion equilibrium position and vibration mode frequency before and after the perturbation, and obtain the measured ion response change vector. ; S04. Based on multiple sets of constrained perturbation voltages and the corresponding measured ion response change vectors, identify the local response matrix under the current device state. ; S05, the local response matrix Theoretical local response matrix corresponding to the initial electrode model By comparison, the response deviation of the actual electrode interaction relationship relative to the theoretical interaction relationship is obtained; S06, Determine the electrode action matrix correction amount based on the response deviation. And the initial theoretical electrode action matrix Incremental updates are performed to obtain the correction electrode action matrix. ; S07, according to the correction electrode action matrix The ion response under test perturbation conditions is predicted to obtain the predicted response of the correction model, and the predicted response of the correction model is compared with the corresponding measured ion response to evaluate the effect of the action matrix correction. S08, when the effect of the action matrix correction meets the preset requirements, according to the target potential well parameters and the correction electrode action matrix... Solve for the multi-electrode reconfiguration voltage; S09, apply the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage to the corresponding control electrode, obtain the reconstructed ion measured response and evaluate the potential well reconstruction result; when the potential well reconstruction result does not meet the preset requirements, re-execute the confined perturbation, ion response measurement and action matrix incremental correction.

2. The multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ion response includes at least the ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency, and constitutes an ion response vector: ， Where x, y, and z are the equilibrium positions of the ion in the three spatial directions. This represents the vibration mode frequency in the corresponding direction.

3. The multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The confined perturbation voltage When applied under conditions that maintain stable ion confinement, its single perturbation voltage component satisfies: ， in, Let be the constrained perturbation voltage corresponding to the j-th selected control electrode. The maximum perturbation voltage amplitude is allowed; the perturbation object is determined to be identifiable based on the amplitude of the change in ion response caused by the candidate control electrode or electrode combination, the distinguishability between different response components, and the measurement noise level, and is selected based on the identifiability.

4. The multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ion response change vector is constructed based on the changes in ion equilibrium position and vibrational mode frequency before and after the confined perturbation: ， Where Δx, Δy, and Δz represent the changes in the equilibrium positions of the ion in the three spatial directions before and after the confined perturbation, respectively, and Δωx, Δωy, and Δωz represent the changes in the vibrational mode frequencies in the corresponding directions before and after the confined perturbation, respectively. And a local response relationship is established based on multiple sets of confined perturbation voltages and the corresponding measured ion response changes: ， in, To measure noise and unmodeled disturbances.

5. The multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 4, characterized in that, Under the same test perturbation conditions, the theoretically predicted response change is calculated based on the theoretical local response matrix corresponding to the initial electrode model: , And based on the measured change in ion response Compared with the theoretically predicted change in response Calculate the response deviation: ， The electrode action matrix correction amount is determined based on the response deviation corresponding to different perturbation electrodes or electrode combinations. .

6. The method for dynamic reconstruction of a multi-electrode potential well based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that, While retaining the initial theoretical electrode action matrix Based on the electrode action matrix correction amount Perform incremental updates: ， in, The correction electrode action matrix reflects the current state of the device.

7. The multi-electrode potential well dynamic reconstruction method based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The weighted error is calculated based on the predicted response from the calibration model and the measured ion response: ， in, To correct the model's predicted response, This is the weighting matrix corresponding to different ion response components; when When, it enters the multi-electrode potential well reconstruction; when At that time, the perturbation object is reselected and local response calibration and action matrix incremental correction are performed. A preset error threshold for judging the effect of the action matrix correction.

8. The method for dynamic reconstruction of a multi-electrode potential well based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the center of the target potential well Target vibration mode frequency and principal axis parameters of the target potential well The target potential well parameter vector is formed as follows: ， The multi-electrode reconfiguration voltage is then solved through constraint optimization based on the correction electrode action matrix. ， in, and These are the weighting coefficients. It is the multi-electrode driving voltage vector to be solved. This is the multi-electrode driving voltage corresponding to the previous control cycle.

9. The method for dynamic reconstruction of a multi-electrode potential well based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the number of control electrodes exceeds the number of independent potential well control targets, resulting in redundant control degrees of freedom, the null space adjustment of the correction electrode action matrix is ​​utilized while satisfying the target potential well parameters. : ， in, To meet the basic drive voltage requirements for the main potential well reconstruction, To correct the zero-space basis of the electrode action matrix, This is a redundant degree-of-freedom adjustment vector; by adjusting the redundant degree-of-freedom adjustment vector, constraints are imposed on the driving voltage amplitude, unnecessary coupling between electrodes, or the use of control electrodes for abnormal response.

10. The method for dynamic reconstruction of a multi-electrode potential well based on ion response self-calibration according to claim 9, characterized in that, After completing the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage update, the measured ion response is reacquired, and the reconstruction error is calculated: , in, The reconstructed measured ion response. For the target response; when Maintain the current multi-electrode driving state when Then, the confined perturbation, ion response measurement, and incremental correction of the action matrix are re-executed, and the multi-electrode reconstruction voltage is resolved based on the updated correction electrode action matrix. This is the preset reconstruction error threshold.

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