A concrete form adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building engineering construction, in particular to a concrete formwork self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method, which comprises the following steps: setting pressurization execution elements and detection elements on the outer side of the formwork; a control system adjusts the pressurization execution elements to a preset initial pressure and records an initial displacement reference value; current pressure values and displacement values of each monitoring point are obtained in real time during pouring; the control system takes the preset initial pressure as a target, outputs a first adjusting amount to corresponding positions according to pressure deviation to adjust the pressure; target compensation displacement amounts are determined according to displacement deviation and updated pressure values, a second adjusting amount is output to reversely compensate formwork deformation, and the reference value is updated after compensation; and the pressure is gradually reduced according to the change of the concrete strength during solidification until the formwork is removed. Through closed-loop control of linkage of pressure feedback and displacement compensation, the application realizes self-adaptive adjustment and dynamic compensation of deformation of the formwork in the whole process, and improves the forming quality and construction safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a construction method for adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation of concrete formwork. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, concrete formwork construction is a crucial step in the molding of concrete structures in building engineering. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and stability of the formwork directly affect the molding quality and construction safety of the concrete structure. In traditional concrete formwork construction, the stress state of the formwork relies primarily on the experience of construction workers, lacking real-time and accurate monitoring methods. This results in an opaque stress state and difficulty in timely detection of stress anomalies. Furthermore, the pressure parameters of the formwork in traditional construction methods are fixed after being set before concrete pouring, failing to adapt to real-time load changes and the dynamic evolution of the concrete state during pouring. From pouring to solidification, the lateral pressure of concrete undergoes a complete cycle of rapid increase, peak maintenance, and gradual decrease, which fixed pressure parameters cannot match. In addition, the formwork undergoes elastic or plastic deformation under lateral pressure. Monitoring formwork deformation in traditional construction methods is severely delayed, often only being detected after deformation has occurred and caused quality defects. Moreover, there is a lack of automatic compensation mechanisms after deformation, requiring manual intervention, which is not only inefficient but also makes it difficult to guarantee compensation accuracy. Due to the aforementioned problems such as opaque stress state, fixed pressure parameters, delayed deformation monitoring, and lack of compensation mechanisms, there are safety risks such as formwork instability and formwork bursting during concrete formwork construction. Furthermore, there are significant differences in construction quality between different construction sections and different operators, resulting in high dispersion in concrete forming quality. This makes it difficult to meet the high standards of construction quality and safety requirements of modern large-scale and complex concrete structures.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN120291702A discloses a construction method for a support system for tall formwork engineering, belonging to the field of building engineering technology. It includes the following steps: Step 1, arranging intelligent nodes in the tall formwork support system to achieve information sharing and group collaborative control between nodes; Step 2, dividing the support system into multiple interconnected load control zones and setting differentiated load control parameters; Step 3, automatically optimizing the pouring path; Step 4, when the concrete strength reaches a preset threshold, automatically adjusting the support stiffness or reserving deformation according to a preset program, allowing the concrete structure to gradually bear its own weight; Step 5, automatically compensating for temporary loads, and triggering a load redistribution mechanism and reinforcement device when the load exceeds a safety threshold, simultaneously activating an alarm and pushing abnormal data; Step 6, continuously optimizing control parameters, accumulating construction data, constructing a digital construction record and knowledge base, and achieving intelligent iterative upgrades of the construction method.

[0004] However, existing technologies still have the following problems: The lack of an independent real-time feedback and linkage compensation mechanism for pressure and displacement deviations at various monitoring points on the template surface makes it impossible to achieve refined adaptive adjustment of the stress state at each point and dynamic compensation for deformation at each point throughout the entire template construction process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this, the present invention provides a construction method for adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation of concrete formwork, which overcomes the problem in the prior art that there is no independent real-time feedback and linkage compensation mechanism for pressure deviation and displacement deviation at each monitoring point on the formwork surface, and that it is impossible to achieve refined adaptive adjustment of the stress state at each point and point-by-point dynamic compensation of deformation during the entire construction process of the formwork.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation of concrete formwork. It includes: Step S1: Set up pressure actuators and corresponding detection elements on the outside of the concrete formwork. Adjust each pressure actuator to a preset initial pressure through the control system so that an initial clamping force is formed between the formwork and the concrete to be poured, and record the initial displacement reference value of each monitoring point. Step S2: During the concrete pouring process, the current pressure value and current displacement value of each monitoring point are acquired in real time through the detection element and transmitted to the control system. Step S3: The control system takes the preset initial pressure as the target, and outputs a first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position according to the difference between the current pressure value at each monitoring point and the target, and uses the adjusted actual pressure value as the updated current pressure value. Step S4: The control system determines the displacement deviation of each monitoring point based on the initial displacement reference value and the current displacement value, and determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value. Based on the target compensation displacement, the control system outputs a second adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position to reverse the deformation of the template. After the compensation is completed, the initial displacement reference value is updated with the compensated actual displacement value, and the current pressure value is updated with the compensated actual pressure value. Step S5: During the concrete solidification process, the control system starts with the updated current pressure value and gradually reduces the current pressure value of each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength until the current pressure value of each monitoring point reaches the demolding condition.

[0007] Further, in step S3, outputting a first adjustment amount to the pressure actuator at the corresponding position includes: Step S31: The control system compares the current pressure value at each monitoring point with the preset initial pressure and calculates the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point. Step S32: The control system determines whether the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point is within the preset pressure tolerance range; Step S33: When the current pressure deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset pressure tolerance range, the control system determines the first adjustment amount corresponding to the monitoring point based on the current pressure deviation value at that monitoring point.

[0008] Further, in step S4, the control system determines the displacement deviation of each monitoring point based on the initial displacement reference value and the current displacement value, and determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value, including: Step S41: The control system compares the current displacement value of each monitoring point with the corresponding initial displacement reference value, and calculates the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point. Step S42: The control system determines whether the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point is within the preset displacement tolerance range; Step S43: When the displacement deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system obtains the updated current pressure value at that monitoring point. Step S44: The control system determines the target compensation displacement corresponding to the monitoring point based on the displacement deviation value and the updated current pressure value.

[0009] Further, in step S5, the control system uses the updated current pressure value as the starting value and gradually reduces the current pressure value at each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength until the current pressure value at each monitoring point reaches the demolding condition, including: Step S51: The control system acquires the current strength value of the concrete and determines the target pressure value for the current stage corresponding to each monitoring point based on the current strength value. Step S52, the control system compares the current pressure value of each monitoring point with the corresponding target pressure value for the current stage; Step S53: When the current pressure value of any monitoring point is higher than the corresponding target pressure value of the current stage, the control system outputs a release adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point to reduce the current pressure value of the monitoring point to the target pressure value of the current stage. Step S54: The control system monitors the change in concrete strength, and when the concrete strength reaches the next preset strength level, it updates the current stage target pressure value to the next stage target pressure value, until the current pressure values ​​of each monitoring point meet the demolding conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, the detection element further includes a strain sensor, which is located at the same monitoring point as the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S4, after the control system outputs a second adjustment amount to the pressure actuator at the corresponding position to compensate for the template deformation in reverse, the step also includes a compensation effect verification step: After the pressurizing actuator completes the output action of the second adjustment amount, the control system re-acquires the current displacement value of the monitoring point and compares the re-acquired current displacement value with the initial displacement reference value. If the deviation still exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system recalculates and outputs the supplementary adjustment amount until the current displacement value of the monitoring point is within the preset displacement tolerance range, or until the number of repeated compensation attempts reaches the preset maximum number of attempts. When the preset maximum number of attempts is reached, the control system issues a compensation failure warning.

[0012] Furthermore, when calculating the first adjustment amount and the target compensation displacement amount, the control system performs temperature drift correction on the current pressure value and the current displacement value based on the current temperature value at each monitoring point. The temperature drift correction is performed based on the temperature drift characteristic curves of each sensor pre-stored in the control system.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, when the control system outputs the first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position, it also executes a pressure equalization adjustment strategy: The control system acquires the current pressure values ​​of all monitoring points on the same horizontal level, calculates the average pressure value of the horizontal level, and compares the current pressure values ​​of each monitoring point on the horizontal level with the average pressure value. When the deviation between the current pressure value of any monitoring point and the average pressure value exceeds the preset balance tolerance range, the control system outputs an additional balance adjustment amount for that monitoring point.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S5, while the control system is gradually reducing the current pressure value at each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength, it also simultaneously performs a displacement monitoring step: After each reduction of the current pressure value, the control system monitors the change in the current displacement value of each monitoring point. If the current displacement value of any monitoring point rebounds and increases after the current pressure value is reduced, and the rebound amount exceeds the preset rebound tolerance range, it is determined that the concrete at that monitoring point has not yet reached a stable hardening state. The control system then suspends the pressure reduction operation at that monitoring point and restores the previous pressure value at that monitoring point until the current displacement value of that monitoring point is detected to be stable, and then attempts to reduce the pressure again.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a system self-diagnosis step, which is executed after step S1 is completed or at a preset cycle during construction: The control system outputs test adjustment quantities to the pressurization actuators at each monitoring point and obtains response feedback values ​​through the corresponding detection elements. The response feedback values ​​are compared with the expected response values. When the deviation between the response feedback values ​​and the expected response values ​​exceeds the preset diagnostic tolerance range, the control system marks the detection element or pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point as a fault state. In subsequent steps, the data of the faulty monitoring point is automatically masked, and the interpolated detection data of the adjacent normal monitoring points is used to replace the detection data of the faulty monitoring point in the control calculation.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are that, by independently setting pressure tolerance judgment and corresponding adjustment mechanisms at each monitoring point, the embodiments of this invention achieve refined and independent control of pressure in each area of ​​the template surface. Compared with the traditional overall pressure adjustment method, this embodiment can provide differentiated compensation for the actual force deviation at different monitoring points, avoiding over-adjustment or under-adjustment caused by overall adjustment due to local pressure anomalies. By establishing a positive correlation between the amount by which the current pressure deviation value exceeds the tolerance range and the first adjustment amount, the adjustment amplitude is matched with the actual deviation degree, ensuring both adjustment efficiency and avoiding adjustment oscillations. Simultaneously, by storing the pressure deviation values ​​in a time-stamped sequence, a complete data foundation is provided for subsequent construction quality traceability and adjustment strategy optimization, significantly improving the accuracy and adaptability of template pressurization control.

[0017] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention determines the target compensation displacement by combining the displacement deviation value with the updated current pressure value, thus realizing a pressure-displacement coupled compensation mechanism. Compared with compensation based solely on displacement deviation, this embodiment fully considers the impact of the current actual pressure state on the deformation and springback capability of the template. It increases the compensation margin when the pressure is high to prevent insufficient compensation and reduces the compensation amount when the pressure is low to avoid over-compensation, significantly improving compensation accuracy and adaptability. Simultaneously, by independently determining and compensating for each monitoring point, ineffective intervention in undeformed areas is avoided, resulting in higher compensation efficiency and more accurate positioning. The establishment of displacement deviation time-series records also provides data support for subsequent compensation strategy optimization and template system stiffness assessment.

[0018] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention directly links changes in concrete strength with the formwork pressure release process, achieving precise control and automated management of pressure unloading before formwork removal. Compared to the traditional method of relying on construction personnel's experience to judge the timing of formwork removal and manually unloading pressure, this embodiment automatically matches the target pressure values ​​for each stage based on the real-time acquired concrete strength values, releasing formwork pressure step by step and in stages. This avoids concrete structure damage caused by premature unloading or low formwork turnover efficiency caused by delayed unloading. Simultaneously, by independently performing pressure comparison and release operations at each monitoring point, the synchronicity and balance of pressure unloading in different areas of the formwork are ensured, preventing uneven concrete surfaces or cracking caused by uneven local pressure release. The establishment of pressure release process records also provides complete data support for construction quality traceability and formwork removal process optimization, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the formwork removal process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the output of the first adjustment amount in the self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the output of the second adjustment amount in the self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the data in this embodiment are all derived from a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of historical data from the six months prior to this determination and the corresponding historical determination results by the system described in this invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the system described in this invention can determine the above-mentioned parameters for a single item by selecting the value with the highest proportion based on the data distribution as the preset standard parameter, using weighted summation to obtain the value as the preset standard parameter, substituting each historical data point into a specific formula and using the value obtained by that formula as the preset standard parameter, or other selection methods, as long as the system described in this invention can clearly define different specific situations in the single-item determination process through the obtained values.

[0022] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-3 As shown, Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the output of the first adjustment amount in the self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the output of the second adjustment amount in the self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork of the present invention.

[0026] The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to embodiments of the present invention includes: Step S1: Set up pressure actuators and corresponding detection elements on the outside of the concrete formwork. Adjust each pressure actuator to a preset initial pressure through the control system so that an initial clamping force is formed between the formwork and the concrete to be poured, and record the initial displacement reference value of each monitoring point. Step S2: During the concrete pouring process, the current pressure value and current displacement value of each monitoring point are acquired in real time through the detection element and transmitted to the control system. Step S3: The control system takes the preset initial pressure as the target, and outputs a first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position according to the difference between the current pressure value at each monitoring point and the target, and uses the adjusted actual pressure value as the updated current pressure value. Step S4: The control system determines the displacement deviation of each monitoring point based on the initial displacement reference value and the current displacement value, and determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value. Based on the target compensation displacement, the control system outputs a second adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position to reverse the deformation of the template. After the compensation is completed, the initial displacement reference value is updated with the compensated actual displacement value, and the current pressure value is updated with the compensated actual pressure value. Step S5: During the concrete solidification process, the control system starts with the updated current pressure value and gradually reduces the current pressure value of each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength until the current pressure value of each monitoring point reaches the demolding condition.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, multiple pressure-applying actuators are arranged at predetermined intervals along the vertical and horizontal directions on the outside of the concrete formwork. Each pressure-applying actuator is preferably a hydraulic jack or an electric push rod. Each pressure-applying actuator is equipped with a corresponding detection element, which includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor. The pressure sensor is installed between the force-applying end of the pressure-applying actuator and the back of the formwork, while the displacement sensor is installed on the outer surface of the formwork, avoiding the force-applying area of ​​the pressure-applying actuator. The pressure sensor and displacement sensor are connected to the control system via signal cables. The control system sends a start command to each pressure-applying actuator according to the initial clamping force required by the design. Each pressure-applying actuator extends synchronously and pushes against the back of the formwork, so that a uniform initial clamping force is formed between the inner surface of the formwork and the designed contour surface of the concrete to be poured. During the operation of the pressurizing actuator, the pressure sensor feeds back the current pressure value to the control system in real time. The control system compares the current pressure value at each monitoring point with the preset initial pressure. When the current pressure value reaches the preset initial pressure, the operation of the pressurizing actuator at that monitoring point is stopped. After the current pressure values ​​at all monitoring points have reached the preset initial pressure, the control system records the displacement values ​​measured by the displacement sensors at each monitoring point as the initial displacement reference value and stores the initial displacement reference value in the storage unit of the control system.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, after concrete pouring begins, the control system continuously collects the detection signals from pressure sensors and displacement sensors at each monitoring point at a predetermined sampling frequency. The sampling frequency is set according to the concrete pouring speed; a higher sampling frequency is used when the pouring speed is faster, and a lower sampling frequency is used when the pouring speed is slower. The pressure sensor detects the current pressure value applied to the back of the formwork by the pressurizing actuator in real time, and the displacement sensor detects the current displacement value of the outer surface of the formwork relative to its initial position in real time. The analog signals collected by each sensor are amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning circuit, converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital converter, and transmitted to the data processing unit of the control system. The control system classifies and stores the received current pressure and displacement values ​​of each monitoring point according to the monitoring point number, and establishes a dynamic data record with a timestamp for each monitoring point. This dynamic data record is continuously updated until the concrete reaches the demolding condition.

[0029] Specifically, in step S3, outputting a first adjustment amount to the pressure actuation element at the corresponding position includes: Step S31: The control system compares the current pressure value at each monitoring point with the preset initial pressure and calculates the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point. Step S32: The control system determines whether the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point is within the preset pressure tolerance range; Step S33: When the current pressure deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset pressure tolerance range, the control system determines the first adjustment amount corresponding to the monitoring point based on the current pressure deviation value at that monitoring point.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, step S31 specifically includes: the control system reads the preset initial pressure value of each monitoring point from the storage unit, and performs a difference calculation between the current pressure value of each monitoring point obtained in real time in step S2 and the corresponding preset initial pressure value to obtain the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point. The current pressure deviation value is the current pressure value minus the preset initial pressure value. A positive value indicates that the current pressure is higher than the initial set pressure, and a negative value indicates that the current pressure is lower than the initial set pressure. The control system stores the current pressure deviation value of each monitoring point in association with the monitoring point number and the corresponding timestamp to form a pressure deviation time sequence record.

[0031] Step S32 specifically includes: The control system reads the preset pressure tolerance range from the storage unit. The preset pressure tolerance range is a continuous interval including a zero point, with a positive upper tolerance value and a negative lower tolerance value. The method for determining the preset pressure tolerance range is as follows: Based on the measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor, the adjustment resolution of the control system, and the requirements for the uniformity of stress on the template in the construction quality acceptance specifications, the calibration error value of the pressure sensor is first obtained. Then, the maximum allowable pressure fluctuation percentage on the template surface is determined according to the design requirements. The sensor error value and the allowable pressure fluctuation value are superimposed and rounded to obtain the positive upper tolerance value and the negative lower tolerance value, forming the preset pressure tolerance range. The control system compares the current pressure deviation value calculated at each monitoring point with the preset pressure tolerance range one by one to determine whether the absolute value of the current pressure deviation value is within the numerical range defined by the preset pressure tolerance range. If the current pressure deviation value is within the preset pressure tolerance range, the current pressure state of the monitoring point is determined to be normal and no adjustment is required; if the current pressure deviation value exceeds the preset pressure tolerance range, the current pressure state of the monitoring point is determined to be abnormal and adjustment is required.

[0032] Step S33 specifically includes: when the current pressure deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset pressure tolerance range, the control system determines the first adjustment amount corresponding to the monitoring point based on the magnitude and direction of the current pressure deviation value at that monitoring point. If the current pressure deviation value is positive and exceeds the upper limit of the positive tolerance, the first adjustment amount is determined to be a negative adjustment amount, that is, instructing the pressurizing actuator to reduce the output pressure. The absolute value of the first adjustment amount is positively correlated with the amount by which the current pressure deviation value exceeds the upper limit of the positive tolerance, and its proportional coefficient is determined based on the pressure output resolution of the pressurizing actuator to ensure that a single adjustment does not exceed the safe stroke range of the actuator. If the current pressure deviation value is negative and exceeds the lower limit of the negative tolerance, the first adjustment amount is determined to be a positive adjustment amount, that is, instructing the pressurizing actuator to increase the output pressure. The absolute value of the first adjustment amount is positively correlated with the amount by which the current pressure deviation value exceeds the lower limit of the negative tolerance, and its proportional coefficient is also determined based on the pressure output resolution of the pressurizing actuator. The control system converts the determined first adjustment amount into a corresponding control command and sends it to the pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point. The pressurization actuator performs the corresponding extension or retraction action according to the control command until the current pressure deviation value of the monitoring point is back within the preset pressure tolerance range.

[0033] This invention achieves precise and independent pressure control in different areas of the template surface by independently setting pressure tolerance judgment and corresponding adjustment mechanisms at each monitoring point. Compared with the traditional overall pressure adjustment method, this embodiment can provide differentiated compensation for the actual force deviation at different monitoring points, avoiding over-adjustment or under-adjustment caused by overall adjustment due to local pressure anomalies. By establishing a positive correlation between the amount by which the current pressure deviation exceeds the tolerance range and the first adjustment amount, the adjustment range is matched with the actual deviation, ensuring both adjustment efficiency and avoiding adjustment oscillations. Simultaneously, by storing the pressure deviation values ​​in a time-stamped sequence, a complete data foundation is provided for subsequent construction quality traceability and adjustment strategy optimization, significantly improving the accuracy and adaptability of template pressurization control.

[0034] Specifically, in step S4, the control system determines the displacement deviation of each monitoring point based on the initial displacement reference value and the current displacement value, and determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value, including: Step S41: The control system compares the current displacement value of each monitoring point with the corresponding initial displacement reference value, and calculates the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point. Step S42: The control system determines whether the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point is within the preset displacement tolerance range; Step S43: When the displacement deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system obtains the updated current pressure value at that monitoring point. Step S44: The control system determines the target compensation displacement corresponding to the monitoring point based on the displacement deviation value and the updated current pressure value.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, step S41 specifically includes: the control system reads the initial displacement reference value of each monitoring point from the storage unit. This initial displacement reference value is the displacement value of the template in its initial state recorded in step S1. The control system performs a difference calculation between the current displacement value of each monitoring point acquired in real time in step S2 and the corresponding initial displacement reference value to obtain the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point. The displacement deviation value is the current displacement value minus the initial displacement reference value; a positive value indicates that the template is deformed outwards, and a negative value indicates that the template is deformed inwards. The control system associates and stores the displacement deviation value of each monitoring point with the corresponding timestamp according to the monitoring point number, forming a displacement deviation time sequence record.

[0036] Step S42 specifically includes: The control system reads the preset displacement tolerance range from the storage unit. The preset displacement tolerance range is a continuous interval including a zero point, with a positive upper tolerance value and a negative lower tolerance value. The method for determining the preset displacement tolerance range is as follows: It is comprehensively determined based on the structural stiffness, span size, and flatness acceptance standards of the formwork and the concrete forming surface. First, the theoretical elastic deformation of the formwork under standard load is calculated according to the formwork design drawings. Then, combined with the allowable value of the appearance dimension deviation of the cast-in-place concrete structure in the construction quality acceptance code for concrete structure engineering, the smaller value between the theoretical elastic deformation and the allowable deviation value in the code is multiplied by a set safety factor to determine the positive upper tolerance value and the negative lower tolerance value, thus forming the preset displacement tolerance range. The range of the safety factor is determined according to the importance of the formwork and the construction accuracy requirements. The control system compares the displacement deviation value calculated at each monitoring point with the preset displacement tolerance range one by one to determine whether the absolute value of the displacement deviation value is within the numerical range defined by the preset displacement tolerance range. If the displacement deviation value is within the preset displacement tolerance range, the current displacement state of the monitoring point is determined to be normal and no compensation is required; if the displacement deviation value exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the current displacement state of the monitoring point is determined to be abnormal and compensation operation is required.

[0037] Step S43 specifically includes: when the displacement deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system reads the updated current pressure value at that monitoring point from the storage unit. This updated current pressure value is the actual pressure value at the monitoring point after pressure adjustment. The control system also acquires the current temperature value at that monitoring point for subsequent temperature correction.

[0038] Step S44 specifically includes: The control system determines the target compensation displacement corresponding to the monitoring point based on the displacement deviation value and the updated current pressure value. The direction of the target compensation displacement is opposite to the direction of the displacement deviation value; that is, when the displacement deviation value is positive, the target compensation displacement is negative, and when the displacement deviation value is negative, the target compensation displacement is positive. The absolute value of the target compensation displacement is determined comprehensively based on the magnitude of the absolute value of the displacement deviation value and the degree to which the updated current pressure value deviates from the preset initial pressure. When the updated current pressure value is higher than the preset initial pressure, an additional pressure compensation coefficient is added to the displacement deviation value. This additional pressure compensation coefficient is determined based on the elastic modulus and pressure-bearing area of ​​the template and is used to offset the additional elastic compression caused by the high pressure. When the updated current pressure value is lower than the preset initial pressure, the additional pressure compensation coefficient is reduced based on the displacement deviation value. This additional pressure compensation coefficient is also determined based on the elastic modulus and pressure-bearing area of ​​the template. The control system converts the determined target compensation displacement into a corresponding control command and sends it to the pressure actuator corresponding to the monitoring point. The pressure actuator performs the corresponding extension or retraction action according to the control command to push the template to move in the opposite direction and compensate for the deformation that has occurred.

[0039] This invention achieves a pressure-displacement coupled compensation mechanism by combining the displacement deviation value with the updated current pressure value to determine the target compensation displacement. Compared with compensation based solely on displacement deviation, this embodiment fully considers the impact of the current actual pressure state on the deformation and springback capability of the template. It increases the compensation margin to prevent undercompensation when the pressure is high and reduces the compensation amount to avoid overcompensation when the pressure is low, significantly improving compensation accuracy and adaptability. Furthermore, by independently determining and compensating for each monitoring point, it avoids ineffective intervention in undeformed areas, resulting in higher compensation efficiency and more precise positioning. The establishment of displacement deviation time-series records also provides data support for subsequent compensation strategy optimization and template system stiffness assessment.

[0040] Specifically, in step S5, the control system uses the updated current pressure value as the starting value and gradually reduces the current pressure value at each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength until the current pressure value at each monitoring point reaches the demolding condition, including: Step S51: The control system acquires the current strength value of the concrete and determines the target pressure value for the current stage corresponding to each monitoring point based on the current strength value. Step S52, the control system compares the current pressure value of each monitoring point with the corresponding target pressure value for the current stage; Step S53: When the current pressure value of any monitoring point is higher than the corresponding target pressure value of the current stage, the control system outputs a release adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point to reduce the current pressure value of the monitoring point to the target pressure value of the current stage. Step S54: The control system monitors the change in concrete strength, and when the concrete strength reaches the next preset strength level, it updates the current stage target pressure value to the next stage target pressure value, until the current pressure values ​​of each monitoring point meet the demolding conditions.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, step S51 specifically includes: the control system acquiring the current strength value of the concrete in real time. The current strength value is obtained directly by a strength sensor embedded in the concrete, or by combining the hydration heat temperature change data collected by a temperature sensor with a pre-stored strength-temperature maturity curve. Based on the acquired current strength value and a strength-pressure correspondence table pre-stored in the storage unit, the control system determines the target pressure value for each monitoring point at the current stage. The method for determining the strength-pressure correspondence table is as follows: based on the strength development curve in the concrete mix design document, the entire process of concrete strength increasing from zero to demolding strength is divided into multiple preset strength levels according to the principle of equal strength increment. The target pressure value corresponding to each preset strength level is determined based on the relationship between the formwork design lateral pressure and the concrete lateral pressure as strength increases. When the concrete strength is zero, the target pressure value is equal to the preset initial pressure; when the concrete strength reaches the demolding strength, the target pressure value is zero. The target pressure values ​​for each intermediate stage are determined by linear interpolation or curve fitting. The method for determining the demolding strength is as follows: based on the demolding strength requirements specified in the Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Concrete Structures, and combined with the strength test results of specimens cured under the same conditions, it is comprehensively determined.

[0042] Step S52 specifically includes: the control system reads the current pressure value of each monitoring point updated in step S4 from the storage unit, and compares the current pressure value of each monitoring point with the corresponding target pressure value of the current stage determined in step S51, calculates the pressure excess at each monitoring point, and the pressure excess is the current pressure value minus the target pressure value of the current stage. A positive value indicates that the current pressure is higher than the target pressure value of the current stage and pressure needs to be released. A zero value or a negative value indicates that the current pressure is not higher than the target pressure value of the current stage and no pressure release operation is required.

[0043] Step S53 specifically includes: When the current pressure value at any monitoring point is higher than the corresponding target pressure value for the current stage, the control system determines a release adjustment amount based on the pressure excess at that monitoring point. The direction of the release adjustment amount is negative, and its absolute value is positively correlated with the pressure excess. Its proportional coefficient is determined based on the pressure release response characteristics of the pressurizing actuator. The control system converts the determined release adjustment amount into a corresponding control command and sends it to the pressurizing actuator corresponding to the monitoring point, instructing the pressurizing actuator to perform a retraction action to reduce the output pressure. During the operation of the pressurizing actuator, the control system continuously acquires the current pressure value at the monitoring point. When the current pressure value at the monitoring point drops to the target pressure value for the current stage or falls within the allowable fluctuation range of the target pressure value for the current stage, the control system issues a stop command to the pressurizing actuator, completing the pressure release operation for that monitoring point. The allowable fluctuation range is determined based on the measurement resolution of the pressure sensor and the adjustment accuracy of the control system, taking the sum of the pressure sensor resolution and the control accuracy.

[0044] Step S54 specifically includes: the control system continuously monitors changes in concrete strength. When the concrete strength reaches the next preset strength level, the control system updates the current target pressure value to the next target pressure value based on the next preset strength level, and repeats the pressure comparison and release operations of steps S52 to S53, gradually reducing the current pressure value at each monitoring point. After each pressure release operation, the control system records the current pressure value and the corresponding concrete strength value at that monitoring point, forming a pressure release process record. When the concrete strength reaches the demolding strength level and the current pressure values ​​at all monitoring points are reduced to below the pressure threshold required for demolding, the control system determines that the demolding conditions have been met, issues a demolding permission signal, and stops the pressure control operation. The pressure threshold required for demolding is determined based on the formwork's self-weight and the safety requirements of the demolding operation. That is, when the concrete strength is sufficient to independently bear its own weight without relying on formwork support, the pressure value at the interface between the formwork and the concrete at this time is determined as the pressure threshold.

[0045] This invention directly links changes in concrete strength with the formwork pressure release process, achieving precise control and automated management of pressure unloading before formwork removal. Compared to traditional methods that rely on construction workers' experience to judge the timing of formwork removal and manually unload pressure, this embodiment automatically matches target pressure values ​​for each stage based on real-time acquired concrete strength values, releasing formwork pressure step by step and in stages. This avoids concrete structural damage caused by premature unloading or low formwork turnover efficiency caused by delayed unloading. Simultaneously, by independently performing pressure comparison and release operations at each monitoring point, the synchronicity and balance of pressure unloading in different areas of the formwork are ensured, preventing uneven concrete surfaces or cracking caused by uneven local pressure release. The establishment of pressure release process records also provides complete data support for construction quality traceability and formwork removal process optimization, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the formwork removal process.

[0046] Specifically, in step S1, the detection element further includes a strain sensor, which is located at the same monitoring point as the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.

[0047] Specifically, in step S4, after the control system outputs a second adjustment amount to the pressure actuator at the corresponding position to compensate for the template deformation in the reverse direction, the step further includes a compensation effect verification step: After the pressurizing actuator completes the output action of the second adjustment amount, the control system re-acquires the current displacement value of the monitoring point and compares the re-acquired current displacement value with the initial displacement reference value. If the deviation still exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system recalculates and outputs the supplementary adjustment amount until the current displacement value of the monitoring point is within the preset displacement tolerance range, or until the number of repeated compensation attempts reaches the preset maximum number of attempts. When the preset maximum number of attempts is reached, the control system issues a compensation failure warning.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the detection element in step S1 further includes a strain sensor. The strain sensor, pressure sensor, and displacement sensor are arranged at the same monitoring point. The strain sensor is attached to and fixed to the outer surface of the template or embedded in the template structure layer, and is used to detect the local strain state of the template at the monitoring point in real time. During the pouring process, the control system continuously acquires the current strain value of each monitoring point and compares the current strain value with the allowable strain value of the template material. The allowable strain value is determined by dividing the yield strength by the elastic modulus and yield strength of the template material and then multiplying by a set safety factor. In step S4, when the control system determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value, the current strain value is simultaneously introduced as a judgment criterion: when the current strain value exceeds the allowable strain value, even if the displacement deviation has not exceeded the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system initiates the compensation operation in advance; when the current strain value is within the normal range but the displacement deviation exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system initiates the compensation operation according to the normal procedure; when both the current strain value and the displacement deviation exceed their respective allowable ranges, the control system increases the target compensation displacement and raises the compensation response priority.

[0049] The specific steps for verifying the compensation effect include: After the pressure actuator completes the output action of the second adjustment amount, the control system re-acquires the current displacement value of the monitoring point and compares the re-acquired current displacement value with the initial displacement reference value to calculate the residual displacement deviation after compensation. The control system determines whether the absolute value of the residual displacement deviation is within the preset displacement tolerance range: if it is within the preset displacement tolerance range, the compensation operation is considered successful, the control system records the process data of the compensation operation and ends the compensation process for the monitoring point; if the absolute value of the residual displacement deviation still exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the compensation effect is considered insufficient, the control system recalculates the supplementary adjustment amount based on the magnitude and direction of the residual displacement deviation, and outputs the supplementary adjustment amount to the pressure actuator corresponding to the monitoring point to perform the supplementary compensation operation.

[0050] After each supplementary adjustment, the control system repeats the cycle of re-acquiring displacement values, comparison and judgment, and supplementary output, and accumulates the number of repeated compensations for the same monitoring point. The method for determining the preset maximum number of attempts is as follows: based on the control system's response speed, the action cycle of the pressurized actuator, and the allowable compensation time window during concrete pouring, the shortest time required for a single compensation cycle is first determined. Then, based on the concrete pouring progress and the formwork deformation development rate, the maximum allowable handling time for a single abnormal state is determined. The maximum handling time is divided by the single compensation cycle time and rounded down to obtain the preset maximum number of attempts, ensuring that abnormal handling is completed before significant changes occur in the concrete state. The control system compares the number of repeated compensations with the preset maximum number of attempts in the storage unit. When the number of repeated compensations is less than the preset maximum number of attempts, the next round of supplementary compensation operation continues. When the number of repeated compensations reaches the preset maximum number of attempts, the control system stops the supplementary compensation operation for that monitoring point and issues a compensation failure warning signal. This warning signal includes the monitoring point's number, current displacement value, residual displacement deviation value, and the number of compensations already performed, and notifies the construction personnel through a display interface or audible and visual alarm. The control system simultaneously marks the monitoring point as an abnormal state requiring compensation, and excludes the displacement data of the monitoring point from the overall judgment criteria during subsequent control processes. Instead, it replaces the displacement data of adjacent normal monitoring points with interpolated data to ensure that the overall construction process is not interrupted by a single point abnormality.

[0051] Specifically, when calculating the first adjustment amount and the target compensation displacement amount, the control system performs temperature drift correction on the current pressure value and the current displacement value based on the current temperature value at each monitoring point. The temperature drift correction is performed based on the temperature drift characteristic curves of each sensor pre-stored in the control system.

[0052] Specifically, in step S3, when the control system outputs the first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position, it also executes a pressure equalization adjustment strategy: The control system acquires the current pressure values ​​of all monitoring points on the same horizontal level, calculates the average pressure value of the horizontal level, and compares the current pressure values ​​of each monitoring point on the horizontal level with the average pressure value. When the deviation between the current pressure value of any monitoring point and the average pressure value exceeds the preset balance tolerance range, the control system outputs an additional balance adjustment amount for that monitoring point.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, temperature drift correction specifically includes: before calculating the first adjustment amount and the target compensation displacement amount, the control system first acquires the current temperature value collected by the temperature sensor at each monitoring point. The control system reads the pre-stored temperature drift characteristic curves of various types of sensors from the storage unit. The method for determining the temperature drift characteristic curve is as follows: after the sensor is installed and before the concrete pouring begins, the sensor at each monitoring point is calibrated on-site. Under the set temperature gradient conditions, the output values ​​of the sensor at different temperature points are collected. The drift amount at each temperature point is calculated with the ambient temperature as the zero point. The drift amount is fitted to the temperature to obtain the independent temperature drift characteristic curve of each sensor, and stored in the control system to ensure that the temperature correction matches the actual characteristics of each individual sensor. The control system determines the pressure drift compensation amount of the pressure sensor and the displacement drift compensation amount of the displacement sensor at the monitoring point under the current temperature, based on the current temperature value and temperature drift characteristic curve. The corrected current pressure value is obtained by subtracting the pressure drift compensation amount from the real-time collected current pressure value and used to calculate the first adjustment amount. Similarly, the corrected current displacement value is obtained by subtracting the displacement drift compensation amount from the real-time collected current displacement value and used to calculate the target compensation displacement amount. Temperature drift correction is repeated at a set period. The sampling frequency is determined based on the concrete pouring speed; a higher sampling frequency is used for faster pouring speeds, and a lower sampling frequency is used for slower pouring speeds. Specifically, the lower limit of the sampling frequency is determined by ensuring that at least five complete control cycles are completed within the pouring time corresponding to each pouring layer thickness. This ensures that the drift compensation amount is recalculated based on the current temperature value and the sensor detection value is corrected in each control cycle, so that the detection data involved in the control calculation is not affected by ambient temperature fluctuations, maintaining data consistency and accuracy throughout the entire construction process.

[0054] The pressure equalization adjustment strategy specifically includes: After the control system outputs a first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position in step S3, it further acquires the current pressure values ​​of all monitoring points on the same horizontal level. The control system sums the acquired current pressure values ​​of all monitoring points on the same horizontal level and divides them by the total number of monitoring points on that horizontal level to calculate the average pressure value of that horizontal level. The control system performs a difference calculation between the current pressure value of each monitoring point on that horizontal level and the average pressure value to obtain the pressure deviation value within the horizontal level of each monitoring point relative to the average value of that horizontal level. The control system reads a preset equalization tolerance range from the storage unit. The preset equalization tolerance range is a continuous interval including a zero point, with a positive tolerance upper limit and a negative tolerance lower limit. The method for determining the preset equilibrium tolerance range is as follows: based on the requirements for the uniformity of formwork stress on the same horizontal layer and the measurement dispersion of pressure sensors, the method first obtains the statistical value of the measurement dispersion of each pressure sensor under the same pressure conditions. Then, according to the design requirements, the maximum allowable pressure difference percentage between each monitoring point within the same pouring layer is determined. The sensor dispersion value and the allowable pressure difference value are superimposed and rounded to obtain the upper limit of the positive tolerance and the lower limit of the negative tolerance of the preset equilibrium tolerance range. The control system checks whether the deviation value within the pressure layer of each monitoring point is within the preset equilibrium tolerance range: if the deviation value within the pressure layer is within the preset equilibrium tolerance range, it is determined that the pressure at that monitoring point is balanced within the horizontal layer and no additional adjustment is required; if the deviation value within the pressure layer exceeds the preset equilibrium tolerance range, it is determined that the pressure at that monitoring point is unbalanced within the horizontal layer and equilibrium adjustment needs to be performed.

[0055] When the pressure deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset equilibrium tolerance range, the control system determines an additional equilibrium adjustment amount based on the deviation value. This additional equilibrium adjustment amount is positively correlated with the magnitude of the pressure deviation value, but in the opposite direction. That is, when the pressure at the monitoring point is higher than the average value of the same layer, the equilibrium adjustment amount is negative, instructing the pressurization actuator at that monitoring point to reduce the pressure; when the pressure at the monitoring point is lower than the average value of the same layer, the equilibrium adjustment amount is positive, instructing the pressurization actuator at that monitoring point to increase the pressure. The control system adds the additional equilibrium adjustment amount to the first adjustment amount corresponding to that monitoring point to form a comprehensive adjustment amount, and converts the comprehensive adjustment amount into a control command and sends it to the pressurization actuator corresponding to that monitoring point to perform the adjustment, so that the pressure distribution among the monitoring points tends to be balanced, avoiding the problem of uneven stress on the formwork caused by local pressure anomalies within the same pouring height layer.

[0056] Specifically, in step S5, while the control system is gradually reducing the current pressure value at each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength, it also simultaneously performs a displacement monitoring step: After each reduction of the current pressure value, the control system monitors the change in the current displacement value of each monitoring point. If the current displacement value of any monitoring point rebounds and increases after the current pressure value is reduced, and the rebound amount exceeds the preset rebound tolerance range, it is determined that the concrete at that monitoring point has not yet reached a stable hardening state. The control system then suspends the pressure reduction operation at that monitoring point and restores the previous pressure value at that monitoring point until the current displacement value of that monitoring point is detected to be stable, and then attempts to reduce the pressure again.

[0057] Specifically, it also includes a system self-diagnosis step, which is executed after step S1 is completed or at a preset cycle during construction: The control system outputs test adjustment quantities to the pressurization actuators at each monitoring point and obtains response feedback values ​​through the corresponding detection elements. The response feedback values ​​are compared with the expected response values. When the deviation between the response feedback values ​​and the expected response values ​​exceeds the preset diagnostic tolerance range, the control system marks the detection element or pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point as a fault state. In subsequent steps, the data of the faulty monitoring point is automatically masked, and the interpolated detection data of the adjacent normal monitoring points is used to replace the detection data of the faulty monitoring point in the control calculation.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, the displacement monitoring step executed synchronously in step S5 specifically includes: after the control system performs the pressure release operation in step S53 and reduces the current pressure value of any monitoring point to the target pressure value of the current stage, it immediately starts continuous monitoring of the displacement value of that monitoring point. The control system acquires multiple continuous displacement values ​​of the monitoring point within a set time period after pressure release using a dense sampling method with a higher sampling frequency than usual, and calculates the direction and magnitude of change of the displacement value relative to the displacement value before pressure release during this period. If the displacement value continues to increase in the deformation direction before pressure release after pressure release, that is, the absolute value of the current displacement value is greater than the absolute value of the displacement value before pressure release, it is determined that displacement rebound has occurred.

[0059] The control system determines whether the displacement rebound exceeds the preset rebound tolerance range. The preset rebound tolerance range is determined by comprehensively considering the elastic recovery characteristics of the formwork structure after unloading and the volumetric stability of the concrete during the hardening stage. First, the response curve of the formwork displacement over time under staged unloading conditions is obtained through field tests. Elastic recovery benchmark values ​​corresponding to different hardening stages of the concrete are extracted from the response curves. Then, the allowable rebound fluctuation coefficient is determined based on construction accuracy requirements. The product of the elastic recovery benchmark value and the rebound fluctuation coefficient is used as the upper limit of the rebound tolerance, and the lower limit of the rebound tolerance is set to zero, forming the preset rebound tolerance range. When the displacement rebound does not exceed the preset rebound tolerance range, it is determined that the concrete at that monitoring point has sufficient self-stabilizing capacity, allowing the pressure reduction operation to continue in subsequent stages. When the displacement rebound exceeds the preset rebound tolerance range, the control system determines that the concrete at that monitoring point has not yet reached a stable hardening state, immediately suspends the pressure reduction operation at that monitoring point, and issues a backpressure command to the corresponding pressurization actuator to restore the current pressure value of the monitoring point to the previous pressure value before this pressure release operation.

[0060] After pressure is restored, the control system continues to monitor the current displacement value of the monitoring point using a dense sampling method until the change in the current displacement value of the monitoring point over multiple consecutive sampling periods is less than the set stability threshold. At this point, the displacement of the monitoring point is considered to have stabilized. The stability threshold is determined by combining the resolution of the displacement sensor and the amplitude of the micro-vibration of the template structure under constant pressure conditions, taking the sum of the displacement sensor resolution and the micro-vibration amplitude. After confirming displacement stability, the control system re-attempts to reduce pressure at the monitoring point, repeating the release adjustment output in step S53 and the displacement monitoring and judgment in this step, cyclically executing until the monitoring point finally meets the demolding conditions.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, the system self-diagnosis step specifically includes: the system self-diagnosis step is first executed after step S1 is completed and before the start of concrete pouring, and is repeatedly executed according to a preset cycle throughout the entire concrete pouring and solidification process. The preset cycle is determined by comprehensively considering the total concrete pouring time and system safety monitoring requirements, with the minimum standard of completing at least a set number of complete self-diagnoses during the entire construction period, and the cycle can be appropriately extended considering construction intervals.

[0062] Each time the system self-diagnostic step is executed, the control system outputs a test adjustment value to the pressure actuator at each monitoring point. This test adjustment value is a predetermined standard test signal, with an amplitude less than a set proportion of the rated stroke of the pressure actuator to ensure that the test action does not substantially affect the formwork and concrete. After outputting the test adjustment value, the control system obtains the response feedback value through the detection element at the corresponding monitoring point. The response feedback value includes the pressure response value from the pressure sensor and the displacement response value from the displacement sensor. The control system reads the expected response value of that monitoring point under the initial calibration state for the same test adjustment value from the storage unit, compares the actual obtained response feedback value with the expected response value, and calculates the response deviation value.

[0063] The control system determines whether the response deviation exceeds the preset diagnostic tolerance range. The preset diagnostic tolerance range is determined by comprehensively considering the factory accuracy level of each detection element and pressure actuator, the on-site installation deviation, and the analog-to-digital conversion resolution of the control system. First, historical response data of each element under normal operating conditions is obtained, and the normal distribution interval of its response values ​​is statistically analyzed. The mean plus or minus three times the standard deviation is taken as the normal response fluctuation range, and this range is determined as the preset diagnostic tolerance range.

[0064] When the response deviation value is within the preset diagnostic tolerance range, the detection element and pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point are determined to be in normal working condition. When the response deviation value exceeds the preset diagnostic tolerance range, the control system marks the detection element or pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point as faulty, and outputs the fault monitoring point number, fault type, and fault occurrence time on the control system's display interface. In subsequent control steps, the control system automatically masks all detection data from the faulty monitoring point, and does not use the data from the faulty monitoring point as the basis for pressure regulation, displacement compensation, and pressure release determination. At the same time, the control system identifies normal monitoring points adjacent to the faulty monitoring point, obtains the detection data from the adjacent normal monitoring points, and calculates alternative detection data for the location of the faulty monitoring point using a distance-weighted interpolation method. This alternative detection data is used in all subsequent control calculations to ensure that the overall control process is not interrupted in the event of a single-point fault, until construction is completed or the faulty component is repaired or replaced and reintegrated into the control system.

[0065] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation of concrete formwork, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Set up pressure actuators and corresponding detection elements on the outside of the concrete formwork. Adjust each pressure actuator to a preset initial pressure through the control system so that an initial clamping force is formed between the formwork and the concrete to be poured, and record the initial displacement reference value of each monitoring point. Step S2: During the concrete pouring process, the current pressure value and current displacement value of each monitoring point are acquired in real time through the detection element and transmitted to the control system. Step S3: The control system takes the preset initial pressure as the target, and outputs a first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position according to the difference between the current pressure value at each monitoring point and the target, and uses the adjusted actual pressure value as the updated current pressure value. Step S4: The control system determines the displacement deviation of each monitoring point based on the initial displacement reference value and the current displacement value, and determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value. Based on the target compensation displacement, the control system outputs a second adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position to reverse the deformation of the template. After the compensation is completed, the initial displacement reference value is updated with the compensated actual displacement value, and the current pressure value is updated with the compensated actual pressure value. Step S5: During the concrete solidification process, the control system starts with the updated current pressure value and gradually reduces the current pressure value of each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength until the current pressure value of each monitoring point reaches the demolding condition.

2. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, a first adjustment amount is output to the pressure actuator at the corresponding position, including: Step S31: The control system compares the current pressure value at each monitoring point with the preset initial pressure and calculates the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point. Step S32: The control system determines whether the current pressure deviation value at each monitoring point is within the preset pressure tolerance range; Step S33: When the current pressure deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset pressure tolerance range, the control system determines the first adjustment amount corresponding to the monitoring point based on the current pressure deviation value at that monitoring point.

3. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the control system determines the displacement deviation of each monitoring point based on the initial displacement reference value and the current displacement value, and determines the target compensation displacement based on the displacement deviation and the updated current pressure value, including: Step S41: The control system compares the current displacement value of each monitoring point with the corresponding initial displacement reference value, and calculates the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point. Step S42: The control system determines whether the displacement deviation value at each monitoring point is within the preset displacement tolerance range; Step S43: When the displacement deviation value at any monitoring point exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system obtains the updated current pressure value at that monitoring point. Step S44: The control system determines the target compensation displacement corresponding to the monitoring point based on the displacement deviation value and the updated current pressure value.

4. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the control system uses the updated current pressure value as the starting value and gradually reduces the current pressure value at each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength until the current pressure value at each monitoring point reaches the demolding condition, including: Step S51: The control system acquires the current strength value of the concrete and determines the target pressure value for the current stage corresponding to each monitoring point based on the current strength value. Step S52, the control system compares the current pressure value of each monitoring point with the corresponding target pressure value for the current stage; Step S53: When the current pressure value of any monitoring point is higher than the corresponding target pressure value of the current stage, the control system outputs a release adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point to reduce the current pressure value of the monitoring point to the target pressure value of the current stage. Step S54: The control system monitors the change in concrete strength, and when the concrete strength reaches the next preset strength level, it updates the current stage target pressure value to the next stage target pressure value, until the current pressure values ​​of each monitoring point meet the demolding conditions.

5. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the detection element further includes a strain sensor, which is located at the same monitoring point as the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.

6. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, after the control system outputs a second adjustment amount to the pressure actuator at the corresponding position to compensate for the template deformation in the reverse direction, the step further includes a compensation effect verification step: After the pressurizing actuator completes the output action of the second adjustment amount, the control system re-acquires the current displacement value of the monitoring point and compares the re-acquired current displacement value with the initial displacement reference value. If the deviation still exceeds the preset displacement tolerance range, the control system recalculates and outputs the supplementary adjustment amount until the current displacement value of the monitoring point is within the preset displacement tolerance range, or until the number of repeated compensation attempts reaches the preset maximum number of attempts. When the preset maximum number of attempts is reached, the control system issues a compensation failure warning.

7. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, When calculating the first adjustment amount and the target compensation displacement amount, the control system performs temperature drift correction on the current pressure value and the current displacement value based on the current temperature value at each monitoring point. The temperature drift correction is performed based on the temperature drift characteristic curves of each sensor pre-stored in the control system.

8. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the control system outputs the first adjustment amount to the pressurization actuator at the corresponding position, it also executes a pressure equalization adjustment strategy: The control system acquires the current pressure values ​​of all monitoring points on the same horizontal level, calculates the average pressure value of the horizontal level, and compares the current pressure values ​​of each monitoring point on the horizontal level with the average pressure value. When the deviation between the current pressure value of any monitoring point and the average pressure value exceeds the preset balance tolerance range, the control system outputs an additional balance adjustment amount for that monitoring point.

9. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, while the control system is gradually reducing the current pressure value at each monitoring point according to the change in concrete strength, it also simultaneously performs a displacement monitoring step: After each reduction of the current pressure value, the control system monitors the change in the current displacement value of each monitoring point. If the current displacement value of any monitoring point rebounds and increases after the current pressure value is reduced, and the rebound amount exceeds the preset rebound tolerance range, it is determined that the concrete at that monitoring point has not yet reached a stable hardening state. The control system then suspends the pressure reduction operation at that monitoring point and restores the previous pressure value at that monitoring point until the current displacement value of that monitoring point is detected to be stable, and then attempts to reduce the pressure again.

10. The self-adaptive pressurization and deformation compensation construction method for concrete formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a system self-diagnosis step, which is executed after step S1 is completed or at a preset cycle during construction: The control system outputs test adjustment quantities to the pressurization actuators at each monitoring point and obtains response feedback values ​​through the corresponding detection elements. The response feedback values ​​are compared with the expected response values. When the deviation between the response feedback values ​​and the expected response values ​​exceeds the preset diagnostic tolerance range, the control system marks the detection element or pressurization actuator corresponding to the monitoring point as a fault state. In subsequent steps, the data of the faulty monitoring point is automatically masked, and the interpolated detection data of the adjacent normal monitoring points is used to replace the detection data of the faulty monitoring point in the control calculation.

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