Temperature intelligent control system in medical logistics cold chain transportation based on internet of things

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of process control, in particular to a temperature intelligent control system in medical logistics cold chain transportation based on Internet of Things. The cold chain carrier collection module collects the multi-point temperature, door magnetic state, refrigeration power, fan speed, environment temperature, motion state and batch temperature zone requirement of refrigerated truck cargo compartment, heat preservation box, turnover box and foam heat preservation box for cold chain distribution. The thermal inertia image generation module forms the space temperature difference, temperature rising and falling rate and carrier state image according to the cargo location or box location. The disturbance determination module generates the initial disturbance type according to the thermal inertia image, door magnetic state and environment temperature, and reviews the continuous temperature deviation in the subsequent sampling period according to the response delay of the actuator written back by the management end synchronization module. The temperature control execution module outputs the partition air supply, pre-cooling, compensation heating, compressor start-stop or management end prompt according to the carrier execution capability, so that the abnormal record is associated with the batch, location, time period, logistics link and execution state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of process control technology, and in particular to an intelligent temperature control system for cold chain transportation of pharmaceuticals based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] The field of process control technology involves control technologies that collect, compare, adjust, and execute non-electrical physical quantities such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow according to set targets. Sensors acquire physical state signals of the controlled object, which are then compared with the target range by the controller. The controller then drives the actuator to change the operating state of the controlled object. The collected data, control status, and abnormal information are uploaded to the management terminal via a communication gateway or IoT node, enabling networked monitoring and collaborative control of distributed carriers. Traditional pharmaceutical cold chain temperature control systems refer to systems that install temperature sensors, controllers, refrigeration units, circulating fans, compensating heating elements, door magnetic switches, communication gateways, and management terminals in refrigerated truck compartments, insulated boxes, turnover boxes, transit cold storage, or foam-insulated boxes for cold chain distribution. The controller compares the collected temperature with the set temperature zone, drug batch information, and transportation status records to generate refrigeration, ventilation, or compensating heating control, and uploads and saves temperature curves, alarm records, and equipment status.

[0003] Traditional cold chain temperature control relies on single-point sampling and fixed threshold start / stop. The coverage of end-point insulated boxes and turnover boxes is insufficient. Different carriers are affected by loading density, cold storage and release, air duct obstruction, door opening and ventilation, vehicle parking and movement, and ambient temperature, resulting in location temperature differences. The controller has difficulty distinguishing between short-term disturbances and continuous heat intrusion. The active cooling logic is not compatible with the passive insulation carrier capacity. Multiple batch anomalies lack the corresponding relationship between location, time period, logistics link, box position status and execution status. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention provides an intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical logistics cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things, comprising a cold chain carrier acquisition module, a batch temperature zone configuration module, a thermal inertial profile generation module, a disturbance judgment module, a temperature control execution module, and a management terminal synchronization module. The cold chain carrier acquisition module collects multiple points of temperature, door magnetic status, cooling power, fan speed, ambient temperature, and motion status within the cold chain carrier; The batch temperature zone configuration module retrieves the batch temperature zone requirements for pharmaceutical products. The thermal inertial profile generation module generates thermal inertial profiles of cargo locations or container locations based on multi-point temperature and motion status. The disturbance determination module generates an initial disturbance type based on the thermal inertia profile, door magnetic status, and ambient temperature. It also verifies the temperature offset that persists during subsequent sampling periods based on the actuator response delay written back by the management synchronization module, and generates a disturbance type accordingly. The temperature control execution module outputs carrier matching control commands based on the disturbance type and the temperature zone requirements of the drug batch. The management end synchronization module synchronizes temperature records, batch identifiers, locations, time periods, execution status, and disturbance types.

[0005] Furthermore, the cold chain carrier data acquisition module includes temperature acquisition nodes, door magnetic sensor acquisition nodes, refrigeration power acquisition terminals, fan speed acquisition terminals, ambient temperature acquisition terminals, motion status acquisition terminals, and gateway nodes. Temperature acquisition nodes are deployed in different cargo locations within the refrigerated truck compartment, as well as in insulated boxes, turnover boxes, or foam-insulated boxes used for cold chain distribution, to collect multi-point temperatures at cargo locations or box locations. Door magnetic sensor acquisition nodes are deployed at the opening and closing points of the cargo compartment doors or boxes to collect door magnetic sensor status. The refrigeration power acquisition terminal collects the refrigeration power of the cold chain carrier, the fan speed acquisition terminal collects the fan speed of the cold chain carrier, the ambient temperature acquisition terminal collects the ambient temperature outside the cold chain carrier or the loading / unloading environment, and the motion status acquisition terminal collects the motion status of the vehicle or box. The gateway node receives the above-mentioned data and sends it to the thermal inertial profile generation module.

[0006] As a progressive scheme, the thermal inertial profile includes a spatial temperature difference term, a heating / cooling rate term, and a carrier state term. The spatial temperature difference term is determined by the temperature difference between different measuring points within the same cold chain carrier. The heating / cooling rate term is determined by the temperature change and sampling duration of the same measuring point in adjacent sampling periods. The carrier state term is formed by classifying the door magnetic state, motion state, refrigeration power, and fan speed into the same cargo location or container location.

[0007] As a progressive solution, the disturbance determination module generates an initial disturbance type of short-term disturbance before the set recovery period expires after the door magnetic sensor is turned off, based on the temperature deviation formed when the door magnetic sensor is turned off. When the temperature deviation returns to the required temperature range for the drug batch within the set recovery period, the disturbance determination module confirms the disturbance type as short-term disturbance. When the door magnetic sensor is not turned on and the temperature deviation continues to occur, or when the temperature deviation remains outside the required temperature range for the drug batch after the set recovery period has expired after the door magnetic sensor is turned off, the disturbance determination module generates a disturbance type of continuous heat intrusion. The disturbance determination module determines the temperature deviation within the same cold chain carrier where the spatial temperature difference is higher than the upper limit of the spatial temperature difference and the fan is running as air duct obstruction.

[0008] As a progressive plan, the recovery period is determined by the type of cold chain carrier, the status of the logistics process, and the duration of opening or unpacking. When the cold chain carrier type is a refrigerated truck compartment, insulated box or turnover box, and the initial disturbance type is a short-term disturbance, the temperature control execution module will correspond the short-term disturbance to delayed start-stop control or zoned air supply command within the set recovery period. When the disturbance type is continuous heat intrusion, the temperature control execution module will correspond the continuous heat intrusion to at least one of the following: compressor start-up, compensation heating shutdown, or management terminal handling prompt; When the disturbance type is air duct obstruction, the temperature control execution module will correspond the air duct obstruction to fan speed adjustment or cargo position abnormality prompt.

[0009] Furthermore, the temperature control execution module includes an active carrier control unit and a passive carrier prompting unit. The active carrier control unit is used to output zoned air supply, precooling, compensating heating, or compressor start / stop commands to cold chain carriers equipped with compressors, circulating fans, or compensating heating elements. The passive carrier prompting unit is used to verify the precooling status of foam insulation boxes for cold chain distribution that do not have active refrigeration actuators and output precooling status prompts, box opening abnormality prompts, and management terminal handling prompts.

[0010] As an advanced approach, the pre-cooling state verification compares the temperature at multiple points in the foam insulation box before the medicine is loaded with the temperature zone requirements of the medicine batch. When the temperature at multiple points in the container is within the required temperature range for the drug batch, the passive carrier indicator unit generates a pre-cooling qualified status. When the temperature of at least one measuring point inside the box is outside the required temperature zone for the drug batch, the passive carrier prompting unit generates a pre-cooling failure status and outputs a packing delay prompt.

[0011] Furthermore, the batch temperature zone configuration module establishes a mapping relationship between the batch temperature zone requirements of medicines and the cold chain carrier number, cargo location number, or box location number; The management synchronization module writes temperature records, disturbance types, and carrier matching control instructions into anomaly records containing batch identifiers, logistics status, location, time period, and execution status, based on the mapping relationship. When the same cold chain carrier carries multiple batches of medicines, the abnormal records are filed separately according to the batch identifier and the storage location number or container location number.

[0012] As a progressive solution, the logistics process includes warehouse outbound, trunk transportation, transit and temporary storage, urban distribution and last-mile delivery; The management synchronization module determines the status of the logistics process based on the collection time, movement status, and handover node records. When temperature records continue across different stages, the management synchronization module will associate the same disturbance type with the corresponding logistics stage status according to the start and end times.

[0013] Furthermore, the management-end synchronization module sets an execution write-back field for the carrier matching control command. The execution write-back field includes the command generation time, command issuance time, actuator response time, and execution status. The management-end synchronization module generates the actuator response delay based on the time difference between the command issuance time and the actuator response time, and writes the actuator response delay back to the disturbance judgment module. The disturbance judgment module reviews the temperature offset that persists in the subsequent sampling period based on the actuator response delay. When the execution status is not executed or the actuator response delay is higher than the upper limit of the response delay, the management-end synchronization module outputs an execution abnormality prompt and writes the execution abnormality prompt into the abnormal record.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, by simultaneously collecting multiple points of temperature, door magnetic status, refrigeration power, fan speed, ambient temperature, motion status, and batch temperature requirements of the cold chain carrier, and forming a thermal inertia profile according to the cargo location or box location, the system can distinguish short-term disturbances, continuous heat intrusion, and air duct obstruction based on spatial temperature difference, heating and cooling rate, and carrier status. The system transforms carriers with actuators into commands for zoned air supply, pre-cooling, compensating heating, and compressor start / stop. Passive insulation carriers are transformed into pre-cooling verification, unpacking prompts, and management terminal handling prompts. This ensures that temperature control measures correspond to the carrier's capacity and the heating process of the medicine, and that abnormal records are simultaneously associated with location, time period, batch identifier, logistics link, box location status, and execution status. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall module interaction of an IoT-based intelligent temperature control system for cold chain transportation in pharmaceutical logistics. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the binding relationship between cold chain carrier collection nodes and batch locations. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the data structure for thermal inertia profiling of cargo locations or container locations; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between disturbance type determination and carrier matching control. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the output relationship between the active carrier control unit and the passive carrier prompting unit; Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the association between abnormal records and the write-back field. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution described in this invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this document, cold chain carriers include refrigerated truck compartments, insulated boxes, turnover boxes, and foam insulated boxes for cold chain distribution; a cargo location refers to the loading position within the refrigerated truck compartment corresponding to a batch of medicine; a box location refers to the accommodating position within an insulated box, turnover box, or foam insulated box for cold chain distribution corresponding to a batch of medicine; the temperature zone requirements for medicine batches include batch identification, lower temperature zone limit, upper temperature zone limit, and corresponding cold chain carrier number; the logistics status includes warehouse outbound, trunk transportation, transit temporary storage, urban distribution, and final delivery. Multi-point temperature, door magnetic status, cooling power, fan speed, ambient temperature, and motion status are all collected as the operating status of the cold chain carrier. The spatial temperature difference, heating and cooling rate, and carrier status together constitute the thermal inertia profile of the cargo location or container location. Disturbance types include short-term disturbances, continuous heat intrusion, and air duct obstruction. Carrier matching control commands include zoned air supply commands, pre-cooling commands, compensation heating commands, compressor start / stop commands, pre-cooling status verification, unpacking anomaly prompts, and management terminal handling prompts.

[0017] Please see Figure 1-6 This embodiment provides an IoT-based intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation. The system includes a cold chain carrier acquisition module, a batch temperature zone configuration module, a thermal inertial profile generation module, a disturbance judgment module, a temperature control execution module, and a management synchronization module. The cold chain carrier acquisition module communicates with temperature acquisition nodes, door magnetic acquisition nodes, refrigeration power acquisition terminals, fan speed acquisition terminals, ambient temperature acquisition terminals, and motion status acquisition terminals within the cold chain carrier, forming a data acquisition package of the cold chain carrier's operating status within the same sampling period. The batch temperature zone configuration module receives the batch temperature zone requirements for pharmaceuticals and establishes a mapping relationship between the batch identifier and the cold chain carrier number, cargo location number, or container location number. The thermal inertial profile generation module receives the data acquisition package and the batch temperature zone requirements for pharmaceuticals, aggregating multiple temperatures according to the cold chain carrier number, cargo location number, or container location number to form a spatial temperature difference item, a heating / cooling rate item, and a carrier status item. The disturbance determination module reads the thermal inertia profile of the storage location or container location and generates an initial disturbance type by combining the door sensor status and ambient temperature. After the management-side synchronization module writes back the actuator response delay, the disturbance determination module reviews the persistent temperature deviation during subsequent sampling periods and generates a disturbance type. The temperature control execution module outputs a carrier matching control command based on the disturbance type, the temperature zone requirements of the drug batch, and the cold chain carrier's execution capability. The management-side synchronization module receives the collected data packet, disturbance type, and carrier matching control command, and generates an anomaly record containing location, time period, batch identifier, logistics link status, container location status, and execution status.

[0018] S1, the cold chain carrier acquisition module collects the operating status of the cold chain carrier. Temperature acquisition nodes inside the refrigerated truck cargo compartment correspond to different cargo locations, and each node collects multiple temperatures for its designated location. The refrigeration power acquisition terminal collects the refrigeration power related to the cargo compartment's refrigeration unit, and the fan speed acquisition terminal collects the fan speed related to the circulating fan. Temperature acquisition nodes inside insulated boxes, turnover boxes, and foam insulated boxes for cold chain distribution correspond to different box locations, and each node collects multiple temperatures for its designated location. Door magnetic acquisition nodes collect door magnetic status, and the motion status acquisition terminal collects the box's motion status. Door magnetic acquisition nodes generate door magnetic open data when the cargo compartment door or box changes from closed to open, and generate door magnetic close data when the cargo compartment door or box changes from open to closed. The ambient temperature acquisition terminal collects the ambient temperature outside the cold chain carrier or the loading / unloading environment, and the motion status acquisition terminal collects the vehicle or box's status as stationary, moving, parked, or in transition. The aforementioned data collection objects are indexed by sampling time, cold chain carrier number, and data collection node number, written into the data collection data package, and sent to the thermal inertial profile generation module.

[0019] When generating the data acquisition module, the cold chain carrier acquisition module performs time alignment processing on multiple temperature points under the same cold chain carrier number. Time alignment is based on the sampling time, merging multiple temperatures, door sensor status, cooling power, fan speed, ambient temperature, and motion status within the same sampling period into a single data acquisition module. When multiple temperature measurement points exist within the same sampling period, the data acquisition module retains the measurement point number, location, temperature value, and sampling time for each measurement point, without merging different measurement point temperatures into a single temperature value. After the data acquisition module outputs the data acquisition module to the thermal inertial profiling module, the module can trace the temperature changes of the same cargo location or container location within adjacent sampling periods according to the measurement point number, and can compare temperature differences between different cargo locations or containers according to the cold chain carrier number.

[0020] S2, the batch temperature zone configuration module obtains the batch temperature zone requirements for the medicine and establishes a carrier location mapping relationship. The batch temperature zone requirements include the batch identifier, lower temperature limit, upper temperature limit, permitted transportation links, and corresponding cold chain carrier number. After receiving loading confirmation information, the batch temperature zone configuration module binds the batch identifier to the cold chain carrier number. When the medicine batch is located in the refrigerated truck compartment, the batch temperature zone configuration module further binds the batch identifier to the storage location number. When the medicine batch is located in an insulated box, turnover box, or cold chain distribution foam insulated box, the batch temperature zone configuration module further binds the batch identifier to the box location number. The carrier location mapping relationship includes the cold chain carrier number, storage location number or box location number, batch identifier, loading start time, and loading end time. When an anomaly record is generated, the management synchronization module reads this carrier location mapping relationship and maps the temperature offset to the specific batch and specific location.

[0021] When handling multiple batches, the batch temperature zone configuration module does not substitute the overall temperature zone of the cold chain carrier for the temperature zone requirements of a single drug batch. When the same cold chain carrier carries multiple drug batches, the batch temperature zone configuration module records the lower and upper temperature zones corresponding to each batch identifier, and uses the cargo location number or box number as the positioning field for temperature zone comparison. The thermal inertia profile generation module and disturbance judgment module perform comparisons according to the lower and upper temperature zones corresponding to the batch identifier during subsequent processing, ensuring that different drug batches in the same cargo compartment or the same delivery route can form independent judgment results according to their respective temperature zone requirements. For foam-insulated boxes used for cold chain distribution that do not have active refrigeration actuators, the batch temperature zone configuration module still establishes a correspondence between the box number and the batch identifier. The temperature control execution module does not subsequently output compressor start / stop commands or fan speed adjustment commands, but instead performs pre-cooling status verification and outputs pre-cooling status prompts, box opening abnormality prompts, or management terminal handling prompts.

[0022] S3, the thermal inertial profile generation module generates a thermal inertial profile of the cargo location or container location. This module reads the temperatures of multiple points under the same cold chain carrier number, cargo location number, or container location number from the data acquisition package, and determines the spatial temperature difference term based on the temperature differences between different measuring points within the same sampling period. The spatial temperature difference term is represented by the difference between the highest and lowest measuring point temperatures within the same cold chain carrier, or by the set of differences between the temperature of any measuring point within the same cargo location or container location and the temperatures of all other measuring points within that location or container location. The thermal inertial profile generation module also reads the temperature change and sampling duration of the same measuring point within adjacent sampling periods, and determines the heating / cooling rate term based on the ratio of the temperature change to the sampling duration. The heating / cooling rate term retains the heating or cooling direction; a heating rate is formed when the temperature in the later sampling period is higher than the temperature in the previous sampling period, and a cooling rate is formed when the temperature in the later sampling period is lower than the temperature in the previous sampling period.

[0023] The thermal inertial profile generation module also categorizes door sensor status, motion status, cooling power, and fan speed into the same cargo location or container location, forming a carrier status item. The door sensor status in the carrier status item indicates whether a temperature change occurs before or after opening the door or container; the motion status indicates whether the temperature change occurs during vehicle movement, parking, transfer, or final handover; and the cooling power and fan speed indicate whether the active cooling carrier is currently outputting cooling and air circulation. The thermal inertial profile generation module writes the spatial temperature difference item, heating / cooling rate item, and carrier status item into the cargo location or container location thermal inertial profile. The cargo location or container location thermal inertial profile uses the cold chain carrier number, cargo location number or container number, sampling time period, and batch identifier as indexes. The disturbance judgment module reads this index during subsequent processing, enabling it to correlate the same temperature offset with a specific carrier, specific location, specific time period, and specific batch.

[0024] S4, the disturbance determination module generates an initial disturbance type based on the thermal inertia profile of the storage location or container location. After the synchronization module on the management end writes back the actuator response delay, it reviews the temperature offset that persists during subsequent sampling periods and generates a disturbance type. The disturbance determination module first reads the temperature zone requirements of the drug batch and compares the temperature of each measuring point with the lower and upper limits of the temperature zone corresponding to the batch identifier. When the measuring point temperature is lower than the lower limit of the temperature zone, the disturbance determination module marks it as a low-temperature offset; when the measuring point temperature is higher than the upper limit of the temperature zone, the disturbance determination module marks it as a high-temperature offset; when the measuring point temperature is between the lower and upper limits of the temperature zone and includes the boundary value, the disturbance determination module marks it as a state within the temperature zone. The disturbance determination module merges the low-temperature offsets or high-temperature offsets of the same storage location or container location within continuous sampling periods to form a temperature offset period. The temperature offset period includes the offset start time, offset end time, offset measuring point number, offset direction, and corresponding batch identifier.

[0025] Before the execution result of the carrier matching control command is formed during the current sampling period, the disturbance determination module does not use the actuator response delay as the initial input for generating the disturbance type. The actuator response delay is formed by the management synchronization module after the carrier matching control command is issued and the actuator feedback is received, and then written back to the disturbance determination module. The disturbance determination module reads the actuator response delay in subsequent sampling periods to determine whether the persistent temperature deviation is related to the non-execution, delayed execution, or abnormal execution of the previous carrier matching control command.

[0026] When a temperature deviation occurs after the door sensor switches from closed to open, the disturbance determination module generates an initial disturbance type of short-term disturbance before the set recovery period expires after the door sensor returns to closed. This initial disturbance type is used for control constraints and subsequent verification during the recovery period and is not considered a confirmation that the temperature has recovered. The set recovery period is determined by the cold chain carrier type, the status of the logistics process, and the duration of door or box opening.

[0027] Specifically, the recovery period can be determined using the formula T = T0 + k × t, where T is the set recovery period, T0 is the base recovery time corresponding to the type of cold chain carrier and the status of the logistics link, t is the duration of door or container opening, and k is a duration correction coefficient. For example, for refrigerated truck compartments in the urban delivery stage, T0 can be set to 8 minutes and k to 0.5. When the door opening duration is 6 minutes, the recovery period is set to 11 minutes. For insulated boxes in the final handover stage, T0 can be set to 12 minutes and k to 0.7. When the box opening duration is 10 minutes, the recovery period is set to 19 minutes. These parameters can be preset according to the insulation performance of the cold chain carrier and the logistics link.

[0028] The cold chain carrier type is used to distinguish between refrigerated truck compartments, insulated boxes, turnover boxes, and foam insulated boxes for cold chain distribution. The logistics status is used to distinguish between warehouse outbound, trunk transportation, transit storage, urban distribution, and last-mile delivery. The duration of door or box opening is determined by the time difference between the door magnetic opening time and the door magnetic closing time. When the temperature deviation returns to the required temperature range for the drug batch within the set recovery period, the disturbance judgment module confirms the temperature deviation as a short-term disturbance. After generating an initial disturbance type of short-term disturbance, the disturbance judgment module writes the disturbance type, deviation direction, deviation measurement point number, and set recovery period into the disturbance judgment result. Based on the disturbance judgment result, the temperature control execution module executes delayed start-stop control or zoned air supply commands on the active cooling carrier within the set recovery period to avoid directly converting the short-term air exchange caused by door or box opening into frequent compressor start-stop.

[0029] When the door magnetic sensor is not activated and temperature deviation continues, or when the temperature does not return to the required temperature range for the drug batch after the set recovery period has elapsed after the door magnetic sensor is deactivated, the disturbance judgment module classifies the temperature deviation as continuous heat intrusion. The continuous heat intrusion judgment result includes the direction of deviation, duration, ambient temperature, and carrier position. After the disturbance judgment module outputs the continuous heat intrusion judgment result to the temperature control execution module, the temperature control execution module outputs compressor start, zoned air supply, or compensatory heating shutdown commands to cold chain carriers equipped with active cooling actuators; for cold chain distribution foam insulation boxes without active cooling actuators, the temperature control execution module does not output active cooling commands, but instead outputs management end handling prompts to the management end synchronization module. The management end synchronization module binds the management end handling prompts with the batch identifier, box location number, and logistics status, allowing transportation and handling personnel to handle them according to the handover, recooling, or isolation procedures.

[0030] When the temperature difference within the same cold chain carrier exceeds the upper limit of the temperature difference limit, and the fan is running, the disturbance judgment module identifies this temperature deviation as air duct obstruction. The upper limit of the temperature difference limit is jointly determined by the type of cold chain carrier, the storage location zoning method, and the temperature zone requirements for each batch of medicine, and is used to determine the temperature imbalance between different locations within the same carrier.

[0031] Specifically, the upper limit of the spatial temperature difference can be determined according to ΔT. lim =minΔT base ,β(T U -T L ) is determined, where ΔT base To pre-set the upper limit of the basic temperature difference based on the type of cold chain carrier and the storage location zoning method, T U and T L These represent the upper and lower limits of the temperature zone for the drug batch, respectively, and β can be set to 0.4–0.6. For example, for refrigerated truck compartments using standard cargo bay partitions, ΔT baseIt can be set to 3℃; when the required temperature zone for a batch of medicines is 2~8℃ and β=0.5, the upper limit of the spatial temperature difference is determined to be 3℃; for storage locations with densely spaced zones, ΔT base It can be set to 2℃, which corresponds to an upper limit of 2℃ for the temperature difference in the space.

[0032] When determining if the duct is blocked, the disturbance judgment module records not only the high-temperature or low-temperature measuring points, but also the corresponding fan speed and storage location number. After receiving the duct blockage judgment result, the temperature control execution module prioritizes outputting a fan speed adjustment command or a storage location anomaly prompt. When the duct blockage judgment result and the continuous heat intrusion judgment result occur simultaneously within the same sampling period, the temperature control execution module first retains the compressor start / stop control corresponding to the continuous heat intrusion, and then synchronously outputs a storage location anomaly prompt, so that the management synchronization module can simultaneously retain the cause of the temperature deviation and the storage location in the anomaly record.

[0033] S5, the temperature control execution module outputs carrier matching control commands based on the disturbance type and the cold chain carrier's execution capability. The temperature control execution module includes an active carrier control unit and a passive carrier prompting unit. The active carrier control unit is suitable for refrigerated truck compartments, insulated boxes, or turnover boxes equipped with compressors, circulating fans, or compensating heating elements; the passive carrier prompting unit is suitable for foam-insulated boxes used for cold chain distribution that do not have compressors, circulating fans, or compensating heating elements. After receiving the disturbance determination result, the temperature control execution module first reads the cold chain carrier type and the actuator configuration status. If the cold chain carrier type corresponds to an active carrier, the active carrier control unit maps the disturbance type to a zoned air supply command, a pre-cooling command, a compensating heating command, or a compressor start / stop command; if the cold chain carrier type corresponds to a passive carrier, the passive carrier prompting unit maps the disturbance type to a pre-cooling status verification, an opening anomaly prompt, or a management terminal handling prompt.

[0034] When the active carrier control unit outputs a zoned air supply command, it uses the storage location number, temperature offset direction, spatial temperature difference, and fan speed as control inputs. For duct obstructions where the spatial temperature difference exceeds the upper limit and the fan is running, the active carrier control unit outputs a storage location anomaly alert and sends a fan speed adjustment command to the circulating fan drive interface. For temperature offsets with a short-term initial disturbance type that are still within the set recovery period, the active carrier control unit reads the door magnetic closing time and the set recovery period. During the recovery period, it does not immediately trigger high-frequency compressor switching but continuously writes the current storage location's temperature change into the feedback queue, waiting for confirmation in the next sampling period whether it has returned to the required temperature zone for the drug batch. For continuous heat intrusion, the active carrier control unit outputs compressor start, compensating heating shutdown, compensating heating on, or zoned air supply commands based on the high-temperature or low-temperature offset. Each carrier-matched control command includes the command generation time, target cold chain carrier number, target storage location number or box number, controlled object, control action, and corresponding batch identifier.

[0035] When the passive carrier prompting unit performs pre-cooling status verification, it reads the multi-point temperatures of the foam insulation box used for cold chain distribution before loading the medicines and the temperature zone requirements of the medicine batch. If the temperatures of all multi-point temperatures in the box are between the lower and upper limits of the temperature zone and include the boundary values, the passive carrier prompting unit generates a pre-cooling qualified status and writes this pre-cooling qualified status into the box status. If the temperature of at least one measuring point inside the box is lower than the lower limit of the temperature zone or higher than the upper limit of the temperature zone, the passive carrier prompting unit generates a pre-cooling unqualified status and outputs a packing delay prompt. When the door magnetic status of the foam insulation box used for cold chain distribution changes during transportation or final handover, the passive carrier prompting unit reads the duration of opening and the temperature change after opening. If the temperature deviation after opening does not return to the temperature zone requirements of the medicine batch within the set recovery period, the passive carrier prompting unit outputs an opening abnormality prompt or a management terminal handling prompt. This processing method prevents the passive insulation carrier from being mistakenly assigned active cooling commands and enables the management terminal synchronization module to record its handling path in a prompt manner.

[0036] S6, the management-end synchronization module synchronizes temperature records, disturbance judgment results, carrier matching control commands, and execution status. After receiving the data acquisition packet, the management-end synchronization module generates temperature records according to the sampling time, cold chain carrier number, and cargo location number or container location number. After receiving the disturbance judgment result, it writes the disturbance type, offset direction, offset start time, offset end time, and offset measurement point number into the anomaly record. After receiving the carrier matching control command, it writes the command generation time, command issuance time, actuator response time, and execution status into the execution write-back field. The execution status includes executed, not executed, and execution abnormal. The actuator response time is determined by the return time of the actuator feedback signal. The management-end synchronization module generates the actuator response delay based on the time difference between the command issuance time and the actuator response time, and writes the actuator response delay back to the disturbance judgment module. When the execution status is not executed, or the actuator response delay exceeds the upper limit of the response delay, the management-end synchronization module outputs an execution abnormality prompt and writes the execution abnormality prompt into the anomaly record.

[0037] Specifically, the upper limit of the response delay is preset based on the type of cold chain carrier, the type of actuator, and the normal response time after the control command is issued. For example, the upper limit of the response delay corresponding to compressor start-up and shutdown can be set to 30-60 seconds, the upper limit of the response delay corresponding to circulating fan speed adjustment can be set to 10-30 seconds, and the upper limit of the response delay corresponding to the start-up and shutdown of the compensating heating element can be set to 20-40 seconds; the actual value can be adjusted according to the rated response time of the actuator and the communication transmission delay. When the actual actuator response delay exceeds the corresponding upper limit of the response delay, the management synchronization module determines that there is an execution response anomaly.

[0038] The management-side synchronization module determines the logistics stage status based on the collection time, movement status, and handover node records. Collection time is used to determine the period of anomaly occurrence; movement status distinguishes between vehicle movement, vehicle parking, container handling, and stationary states; and handover node records identify nodes such as warehouse outbound, transit storage, and final handover. When a temperature deviation spans two logistics stage states, the management-side synchronization module associates the same disturbance type with the corresponding logistics stage states according to the start and end times. For example, if the temperature deviation continues from city delivery to final handover, the anomaly records retain the deviation time periods for both the city delivery and final handover stages, maintaining the association between the same batch identifier, the same cargo location number or container location number, and the same disturbance type. Through this anomaly record structure, the location, time period, batch identifier, logistics stage status, container location status, and execution status during transportation can form a traceable data chain on the management side.

[0039] During system operation, a closed feedback loop is formed between the thermal inertial profile generation module, the disturbance determination module, the temperature control execution module, and the management synchronization module. After the thermal inertial profile generation module outputs the thermal inertial profile of the storage location or container, the disturbance determination module generates an initial disturbance type based on this profile, combined with the door magnetic status and ambient temperature. The temperature control execution module converts the disturbance type into a carrier-matched control command or management prompt. The management synchronization module writes the execution status and actuator response delay back to the anomaly log and returns the actuator response delay to the disturbance determination module. The disturbance determination module continues to read the actuator response delay during subsequent sampling periods, ensuring that if the previous command is not executed or the actuator response delay exceeds the upper limit for the same cold chain carrier, the continuous temperature deviation is not simply attributed to a new door opening disturbance, but is re-determined as continuous heat intrusion or an execution anomaly based on the execution status. This feedback relationship allows control commands, actuator responses, and temperature changes to close within the same technical link.

[0040] This embodiment can also be applied to the transportation of multiple batches of medicines in the same vehicle. Multiple cargo positions within the refrigerated truck compartment are each bound to a different batch identifier. The batch temperature zone configuration module records the lower and upper temperature zones corresponding to each batch identifier. The cold chain carrier acquisition module collects the temperatures of multiple points in different cargo positions within the same cargo compartment, and the thermal inertial profile generation module generates thermal inertial profiles for each cargo position. The disturbance judgment module performs a comparison for each cargo position according to the temperature zone requirements of the corresponding medicine batch, without substituting the overall average temperature of the compartment for the cargo position temperature. If the spatial temperature difference of a certain cargo position exceeds the upper limit of the spatial temperature difference, and the fan corresponding to that cargo position is in operation, the disturbance judgment module marks that cargo position as having air duct obstruction. If another cargo position experiences a short-term temperature shift after the door magnet is opened during the same period, and returns to the temperature zone requirements of the corresponding medicine batch within a set recovery period, the disturbance judgment module marks that other cargo position as having a short-term disturbance. The management synchronization module records the disturbance types of the two cargo positions separately, ensuring that the causes and handling methods of anomalies for different batches of medicines within the same cold chain carrier do not overlap.

[0041] This embodiment can also be applied to multi-box delivery scenarios in urban distribution and last-mile handover stages. Multiple foam-insulated boxes for cold chain distribution are each equipped with a temperature acquisition node, a door magnetic sensor acquisition node, and a motion status acquisition terminal. The temperature acquisition node collects the temperature at multiple points within the box, the door magnetic sensor acquisition node collects the door magnetic sensor status, and the motion status acquisition terminal collects the motion status. The batch temperature zone configuration module binds the box location number of each foam-insulated box to the corresponding batch identifier. The passive carrier indication unit performs a pre-cooling status check on the multi-point temperature of the box location before loading medicine, resulting in a pre-cooling qualified state or a pre-cooling unqualified state. During delivery, if the door magnetic sensor status of the foam insulation box changes, the passive carrier alert unit reads the duration of opening and the temperature change after opening. If the temperature deviation returns to the required temperature range for the drug batch within the set recovery period, the disturbance determination module confirms the disturbance type as a short-term disturbance, and the management synchronization module records the short-term disturbance. If the temperature deviation exceeds the set recovery period and remains outside the required temperature range for the drug batch, the disturbance determination module verifies the disturbance type as continuous heat intrusion, the passive carrier alert unit in the temperature control execution module outputs a management-end handling prompt, and the management synchronization module records the continuous heat intrusion and the management-end handling prompt. In this scenario, no compressor start / stop commands or fan speed adjustment commands are output to the foam insulation box, and the carrier matching control commands maintain consistency with the execution capability of the passive insulation carrier.

[0042] To facilitate data transmission and subsequent recording, the data acquisition data, location or container thermal inertia profiles, disturbance judgment results, carrier matching control commands, and anomaly records all adopt a field-based data structure. The data acquisition data includes sampling time, cold chain carrier number, acquisition node number, multi-point temperature, door magnetic status, refrigeration power, fan speed, ambient temperature, and motion status. The location or container thermal inertia profile includes cold chain carrier number, location or container number, batch identifier, spatial temperature difference, heating / cooling rate, and carrier status. The disturbance judgment results include disturbance type, offset direction, offset start time, offset end time, offset measurement point number, set recovery period, and corresponding batch identifier. The carrier matching control commands include target cold chain carrier number, target location or container number, controlled object, control action, command generation time, and corresponding batch identifier. The anomaly records include batch identifier, logistics link status, location, time period, disturbance type, container status, execution status, and execution write-back field. Each field is generated by the previous processing node and read by the next processing node, avoiding the same field having different meanings in different processing nodes.

[0043] The specific structures, processes, field states, processing order, judgment conditions, parameter sources, module collaboration, carrier inheritance relationships, and execution feedback relationships described in this embodiment are used to explain the possible implementations of the present invention and should not be limited to the specific embodiments listed. Without departing from the technical solutions described in this invention and the technical solutions described in the application documents, any equivalent substitutions, equivalent modifications, equivalent combinations, order adjustments, corresponding module replacements, equivalent changes in field names, equivalent inheritance of execution subjects, or equivalent changes in carrier forms that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of this patent; however, they should not be extended to unclaimed topics, nor should the substantive correspondence of technical objects be changed through changes in reference numerals.

Claims

1. A temperature intelligent control system for cold chain transportation of pharmaceuticals based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, It includes a cold chain carrier acquisition module, a batch temperature zone configuration module, a thermal inertial profile generation module, a disturbance judgment module, a temperature control execution module, and a management terminal synchronization module; The cold chain carrier acquisition module is used to collect multiple points of temperature, door magnetic status, refrigeration power, fan speed, ambient temperature and motion status within the cold chain carrier; The batch temperature zone configuration module is used to obtain the batch temperature zone requirements for pharmaceuticals; The thermal inertial profile generation module generates a thermal inertial profile of the cargo location or container location based on the multi-point temperature and the motion state. The disturbance determination module generates an initial disturbance type based on the thermal inertia profile, the door magnetic state, and the ambient temperature, and verifies the temperature offset that persists in subsequent sampling periods based on the actuator response delay written back by the management synchronization module, thereby generating a disturbance type. The temperature control execution module outputs a carrier matching control command based on the disturbance type and the temperature zone requirements of the drug batch; The management synchronization module synchronizes temperature records, batch identifiers, locations, time periods, execution status, and the type of disturbance.

2. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cold chain carrier acquisition module includes a temperature acquisition node, a door magnetic acquisition node, a refrigeration power acquisition terminal, a fan speed acquisition terminal, an ambient temperature acquisition terminal, a motion status acquisition terminal, and a gateway node; The temperature acquisition nodes are arranged in different cargo positions of the refrigerated truck compartment and in insulated boxes, turnover boxes or foam insulated boxes for cold chain distribution, for collecting multiple temperatures of cargo positions or multiple temperatures of boxes. The door magnetic sensor acquisition node is arranged at the opening and closing part of the cargo box door or container to collect the door magnetic sensor status; The refrigeration power acquisition terminal is used to acquire the refrigeration power of the cold chain carrier, the fan speed acquisition terminal is used to acquire the fan speed of the cold chain carrier, the ambient temperature acquisition terminal is used to acquire the ambient temperature outside the cold chain carrier or the loading and unloading environment, and the motion status acquisition terminal is used to acquire the motion status of the vehicle or the box. The gateway node receives data collected from the temperature acquisition node, the door magnetic acquisition node, the cooling power acquisition terminal, the fan speed acquisition terminal, the ambient temperature acquisition terminal, and the motion state acquisition terminal, and sends the collected data to the thermal inertial profile generation module.

3. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The thermal inertial profile includes a spatial temperature difference term, a heating / cooling rate term, and a carrier state term; The spatial temperature difference term is determined by the temperature difference between different measuring points within the same cold chain carrier; The heating / cooling rate term is determined by the temperature change and sampling duration at the same measuring point during adjacent sampling periods. The carrier status item is formed by classifying the door magnet status, the motion status, the cooling power, and the fan speed into the same cargo location or container location.

4. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The disturbance determination module will generate an initial disturbance of short-term type before the expiration of the set recovery period after the door magnet is turned off, based on the temperature offset formed after the door magnet is turned off. The disturbance determination module identifies the situation where the temperature shift returns to the required temperature range for the drug batch within the set recovery period as a short-term disturbance. The disturbance determination module generates a disturbance type of "continuous heat intrusion" for the temperature offset caused by the door magnetic state not being opened, or for the temperature offset that continues to be outside the temperature zone requirement of the drug batch after the door magnetic state is restored to closed and exceeds the set recovery period. The disturbance determination module determines the temperature deviation within the same cold chain carrier where the spatial temperature difference exceeds the upper limit of the spatial temperature difference and the fan is in operation as air duct obstruction.

5. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The set recovery period is determined by the type of cold chain carrier, the status of the logistics process, and the duration of opening the door or unpacking. When the cold chain carrier type is the refrigerated truck compartment, insulated box or turnover box, and the initial disturbance type is the short-term disturbance, the temperature control execution module will correspond the short-term disturbance to delayed start-stop control or zoned air supply command within the set recovery period. When the disturbance type is continuous heat intrusion, the temperature control execution module will correspond the continuous heat intrusion to at least one of compressor start-up, compensating heating shutdown, or management terminal handling prompt; When the disturbance type is air duct obstruction, the temperature control execution module will correspond the air duct obstruction to fan speed adjustment or cargo position abnormality prompt.

6. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control execution module includes an active carrier control unit and a passive carrier prompting unit; The active carrier control unit is used to output zoned air supply, precooling, compensating heating or compressor start / stop commands to the cold chain carrier equipped with a compressor, circulating fan or compensating heating element. The passive carrier prompting unit is used to verify the pre-cooling status of the cold chain distribution foam insulation box that does not have an active refrigeration actuator, and output pre-cooling status prompts, box opening abnormality prompts, and management terminal handling prompts.

7. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pre-cooling state verification uses the multi-point temperature of the foam insulation box before the medicine is loaded and the batch temperature zone requirement of the medicine as the comparison objects. When the temperatures at multiple points in the chamber are all within the required temperature range for the drug batch, the passive carrier indication unit generates a pre-cooling qualified status. When the temperature at at least one measuring point inside the box is outside the required temperature zone for the drug batch, the passive carrier prompting unit generates a pre-cooling failure status and outputs a packing delay prompt.

8. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The batch temperature zone configuration module establishes a mapping relationship between the batch temperature zone requirements of the medicine and the cold chain carrier number, cargo location number or box location number. The management synchronization module writes the temperature record, the disturbance type, and the carrier matching control instruction into an anomaly record containing the batch identifier, the logistics link status, location, time period, and execution status according to the mapping relationship. When the same cold chain carrier carries multiple batches of medicines, the abnormal records are archived separately according to the batch identifier and the storage location number or the container location number.

9. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The logistics process includes warehouse outbound, trunk transportation, transit and temporary storage, urban distribution and last-mile delivery; The management synchronization module determines the status of the logistics process based on the collection time, the movement status, and the handover node records. When the temperature record continues across stages, the management synchronization module will associate the same disturbance type with the corresponding logistics stage status according to the start time and end time.

10. The intelligent temperature control system for pharmaceutical cold chain transportation based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The management synchronization module sets an execution write-back field for the carrier matching control command; The execution write-back field includes the instruction generation time, instruction issuance time, execution mechanism response time, and execution status; The management synchronization module generates the execution mechanism response delay based on the time difference between the instruction issuance time and the execution mechanism response time, and writes the execution mechanism response delay back to the disturbance determination module. The disturbance determination module verifies the temperature offset that persists during the subsequent sampling period based on the response delay of the actuator. When the execution status is not executed or the response delay of the execution mechanism is higher than the response delay limit, the management synchronization module outputs an execution exception prompt and writes the execution exception prompt into the exception record.

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