An ecological regulation method for green prevention and control of forest and fruit seedling diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of greenhouse environment control, and discloses an ecological regulation method for green prevention and control of forest and fruit seedling diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps: collecting the carbon dioxide reference drop rate and the background volatile concentration after reaching the reference collection node; reducing the water supply of the independent drip irrigation branch of the associated plant and starting the UV-B output, stopping the stress after the positive drop rate of the micro domain carbon dioxide after compensation reaches the standard; closing the ventilation equipment, recording the enrichment state after the average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation reaches the standard; starting the leaf surface cooling assembly and the humidification array after reaching the target suppression window and successful enrichment, and adjusting the micro fog output according to the difference between the air dew point temperature and the leaf temperature; draining the moisture after condensation according to the indoor and outdoor dew point difference, and restoring the normal control program after the relative humidity and the leaf wetness index drop to the recovery threshold. Through physical intervention and leaf micro domain dew point regulation, the volatiles are directed to condense, and the derived fungal diseases are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of greenhouse environmental control technology, specifically to an ecological regulation method for green prevention and control of diseases and pests in forest and fruit seedling cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] In the greenhouse propagation of fruit and forest seedlings, current pest and disease control mainly relies on chemical pesticides. Long-term application can cause agricultural non-point source pollution and lead to pesticide resistance in pests and diseases. To reduce the use of chemical agents, existing technologies often introduce ecological control methods such as the planting of companion plants, utilizing the secondary metabolites released by companion plants to inhibit pathogens or repel pests.

[0003] However, the aforementioned conventional ecological regulation methods lack effective control mechanisms targeting the physiological rhythms of pests and diseases. The concentration of volatiles released by companion plants under natural conditions is low, making it difficult for them to accumulate to biologically active concentration thresholds within the greenhouse space, leading to unstable pest and disease control effects. Furthermore, existing greenhouse environmental control equipment primarily regulates the overall macroscopic temperature and humidity of the space, failing to achieve targeted construction of a micro-domain physicochemical environment on the leaves of fruit seedlings. When conventional humidification methods are used to forcibly increase the overall humidity of the greenhouse to assist the volatiles in their function, it is impossible to precisely condense low concentrations of volatiles onto the seedling leaves, and it can also lead to disordered condensation inside the greenhouse and on the surfaces of other non-target plants. This high-humidity environment, lacking spatial isolation, can induce fungal diseases, thereby affecting the normal growth of fruit seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this invention is that existing pest and disease control in forest and fruit seedling cultivation relies excessively on chemical pesticides, which easily causes environmental pollution and leads to pesticide resistance in pests and diseases. Conventional physical or ecological control methods lack a spatiotemporal coupling mechanism that targets the physiological rhythms of pests and diseases, making it difficult to effectively enrich bioactive plant volatiles in the seedling space and unable to achieve targeted regulation of the microenvironment on the target leaf surface. This results in unstable ecological suppression effects and interferes with the normal growth of forest and fruit seedlings.

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides an ecological regulation method for green control of diseases and pests in fruit and forest seedling cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Upon reaching the baseline acquisition node, the surface temperature inside the greenhouse covering film and the leaf temperature of the associated plants are acquired. The baseline rate of carbon dioxide decrease and the background volatile concentration are also acquired. Upon reaching the pre-intervention node, the routine growth control program is suspended.

[0008] Reduce the water supply of the independent drip irrigation branch for the companion plants and start UV-B output. After the positive rate of carbon dioxide decline in the micro-domain reaches the stress cessation threshold, restore the normal water supply to the companion plants and stop UV-B output.

[0009] After reaching the ventilation boundary latch node, the ventilation equipment is turned off. After the average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation reaches the effective concentration threshold of volatiles, the volatile enrichment status is recorded.

[0010] After reaching the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window and recording the successful enrichment status of the volatiles, the directional leaf cooling component and the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array are activated, and the micro-mist output is adjusted according to the difference between the dew point temperature of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings and the temperature of the monitored leaves of the fruit seedlings.

[0011] After condensation, moisture is removed based on the difference between indoor and outdoor dew points. Once the relative humidity of the canopy air and the leaf moisture index of the fruit seedlings drop to the recovery threshold, the normal growth control program is resumed.

[0012] Preferably, the process of collecting the baseline rate of decrease of carbon dioxide and the background volatile concentration includes:

[0013] During the baseline acquisition period, the compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration value is obtained according to a fixed sampling period. Multiple compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide positive decrease rate samples are calculated based on adjacent compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration values, and the median value of the samples is taken as the baseline carbon dioxide decrease rate.

[0014] At each sampling moment, the volatile matter detection value is acquired through the volatile matter sensor array set inside the greenhouse and humidity compensation is performed. After removing outliers, the average value of the remaining detection values ​​is calculated, and the median value of multiple average values ​​within the entire collection cycle is taken as the background volatile matter concentration.

[0015] Preferably, the method for calculating the positive decrease rate of carbon dioxide in the compensated micro-domain is as follows:

[0016] The micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration value is obtained by a micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array set up inside the greenhouse and the average value after removing outliers is calculated. The current detection value is obtained by a reference carbon dioxide sensor set up inside the greenhouse. The difference between the current detection value and the detection value at the start of the baseline acquisition is taken as the overall concentration change in the greenhouse.

[0017] Subtracting the overall greenhouse concentration change from the average value yields the compensated micro-area carbon dioxide concentration at the current moment.

[0018] The positive decreasing rate of carbon dioxide in the compensated micro-domain is obtained by subtracting the current compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration from the previous sampling time and then dividing by the sampling period.

[0019] Preferably, the method for determining the coercion cessation threshold is as follows:

[0020] The stress stop threshold is obtained by multiplying the dimensionless stress stop coefficient read from the non-volatile memory by the carbon dioxide reference decrease rate.

[0021] After stopping the UV-B output and restoring the normal water supply to the symbiotic plants, a metabolite release waiting period is implemented. During this waiting period, the photosynthetically active radiation of the symbiotic plant canopy is maintained at the target value until the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window is reached.

[0022] Preferably, the process of obtaining the compensated equivalent average total volatile matter concentration includes:

[0023] Read the detection data from the volatile organic compound sensor array installed inside the greenhouse, and calculate the median value of the array after humidity compensation for each of the detection data;

[0024] Remove outliers that deviate from the midpoint of the array by more than the error ratio, and calculate the arithmetic mean of the remaining valid detection data;

[0025] Subtracting the background volatile concentration from the arithmetic mean yields the compensated equivalent total volatile concentration. If the subtraction result is less than zero, the compensated equivalent total volatile concentration is treated as zero.

[0026] Preferably, before activating the directional leaf cooling component and the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array, the following parameter states must also be met simultaneously:

[0027] The median dry-bulb temperature of the canopy air of the fruit tree seedlings was at least 1.5°C higher than the monitored leaf temperature of the fruit tree seedlings.

[0028] The leaf temperature of the fruit seedlings was at least 1.0°C lower than that of the associated plants.

[0029] The leaf temperature of the fruit seedlings was monitored to be at least 1.0°C lower than the inner surface temperature of the greenhouse covering film;

[0030] The average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation is greater than or equal to the effective concentration threshold of the volatiles;

[0031] The leaf surface moisture index is less than 10%.

[0032] Preferably, the process of adjusting the micro-mist output includes:

[0033] The dew point temperature of the forest fruit seedling canopy air is calculated in real time based on the median dry bulb temperature and median relative humidity of the forest fruit seedling canopy air.

[0034] By adjusting the duty cycle of the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and the air supply power of the directional leaf cooling component, the dew point temperature of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings is controlled within a set temperature difference range that is higher than the temperature of the monitored leaves of the fruit seedlings.

[0035] Once the leaf surface moisture index is detected by the leaf surface moisture sensor installed inside the greenhouse to rise continuously and reach the condensation confirmation value, the leaf surface moisture duration is accumulated, and the leaf surface moisture index is controlled within the target control range until the condensation control time ends.

[0036] Preferably, if any of the following abnormal states occur before the end of the condensation control time, the power supply to the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and the directional leaf cooling component shall be cut off and the system shall be deactivated:

[0037] The relative humidity of the air in the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings reached 95%;

[0038] The inner surface temperature of the greenhouse covering film or the leaf temperature of the associated plants is lower than the dew point temperature of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings;

[0039] The leaf surface moisture index reached 85%;

[0040] The average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation is lower than the effective concentration threshold of the volatiles for two consecutive detection cycles.

[0041] Preferably, the process of dehumidifying based on the indoor and outdoor dew point difference and restoring the conventional growth control program after the relative humidity of the canopy air and the leaf surface moisture index of the fruit seedlings drop to the recovery threshold includes:

[0042] Obtain the indoor dew point temperature of the canopy height of fruit seedlings and the outdoor dew point temperature outside the greenhouse;

[0043] When the ventilation equipment is in normal condition, and the difference between the indoor dew point temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature difference for switching the dehumidification path, the forced ventilation dehumidification path is selected, the skylight and side windows are opened, and the variable frequency negative pressure fan is started.

[0044] When the ventilation equipment is in normal condition and the difference between the indoor dew point temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature is less than the temperature difference for switching the dehumidification path, the closed condensation dehumidification path is selected, the skylight and the side window are closed, and the condensation dehumidifier and the greenhouse circulation fan are started.

[0045] During the dehumidification process, when the relative humidity of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings drops below 65% and the leaf surface moisture index drops below 10%, and this is maintained for three consecutive sampling cycles, it is confirmed that the recovery threshold has been reached, and the normal growth control program is restored.

[0046] Preferably, the following steps are performed before reaching the reference acquisition node:

[0047] The target pest and disease identifiers for the current period are determined based on the variety of fruit seedlings, the species of associated plants, the current date, sunrise and sunset times, and the average temperature and humidity over the past 24 hours.

[0048] The system calls the corresponding relationship table to obtain the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window corresponding to the target pest and disease identifier, and uses the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window as a benchmark to subtract the advance amount required for each control link to generate the benchmark acquisition node, the pre-intervention node and the ventilation boundary latching node.

[0049] This invention provides an ecological regulation method for green control of pests and diseases in fruit and forest seedling cultivation. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. This invention intervenes by reducing the water supply of the independent drip irrigation branch for the companion plants and coordinating with UV-B output, thereby inducing the companion plants to produce volatiles with a suppressive effect. At the same time, it introduces the positive rate of decline of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain after compensation as a feedback indicator for stress cessation. In the process of closing the ventilation equipment to form a closed space to achieve volatile concentration enrichment, it ensures that the volatiles can reach an effective concentration while avoiding irreversible damage to the companion plants caused by excessive intervention.

[0051] 2. When the volatiles are successfully enriched and reach the target ecological suppression window, the present invention activates the directional leaf cooling component and the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array. Through closed-loop control of the dew point temperature of the forest fruit seedling canopy and the temperature difference of the monitored leaves, the liquid water film containing volatile components is directionally condensed on the leaf surface of the target forest fruit seedling. Before operation, the prerequisite parameters such as temperature difference and leaf surface humidity index are verified to avoid the expected external condensation on the top of the greenhouse or the leaf surface of non-target plants, thus realizing the spatial isolation of micro-environmental intervention.

[0052] 3. After the condensation control is completed, this invention dynamically selects the forced ventilation dehumidification or closed condensation dehumidification path by obtaining the difference between indoor and outdoor dew point temperatures. This allows the system to quickly remove stagnant water vapor inside the greenhouse under different external climatic conditions. At the same time, it combines the relative humidity of the canopy air and the leaf surface moisture index of the fruit seedlings as the basis for determining the restoration of the normal growth process. After completing the ecological regulation, it quickly breaks the high humidity environment and effectively prevents the risk of fungal diseases caused by prolonged condensation and excessive local humidity. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a system framework diagram of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the timing synchronization and triggering process of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the closed-loop control process for associated plant stress according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the ventilation boundary latching and volatile enrichment process of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the leaf condensation control process of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the environmental dehumidification and state recovery process of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the parameter changes during the stress and volatile accumulation stages of the associated plants according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 9 A bar chart comparing aphid density on apple seedling leaves in different treatment groups according to the present invention.

[0062] Figure 10 This is a bar chart comparing the height growth of apple seedlings in different treatment groups according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] See attached document Figure 1 An ecological regulation system for green prevention and control of diseases and pests in forest and fruit seedling cultivation includes a sensing layer, an execution layer, and a central processing unit.

[0065] The sensing layer is distributed both inside and outside the greenhouse. Inside the greenhouse are arranged an air temperature and humidity sensor array, a micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array, a reference carbon dioxide sensor, an infrared leaf temperature sensor array, a moisture content sensor for the associated plant substrate, a moisture content sensor for the fruit seedling substrate, a volatile matter sensor array, a leaf surface moisture sensor, a surface temperature sensor inside the greenhouse covering film, a photosynthetically active radiation sensor, a UV-B irradiance sensor for the associated plant canopy, a UV-B irradiance sensor for the fruit seedling canopy, and an equipment operating current detector. Outside the greenhouse are outdoor air temperature and humidity sensors.

[0066] Air temperature and humidity sensor arrays are located in the upper part of the seedling space, at the height of the fruit tree seedling canopy, and at the height of the accompanying plant canopy. Three air temperature and humidity sensors are installed at each height, and the median value is taken from the data collected at the same height. The data collected at the height of the fruit tree seedling canopy is used for condensation control and moisture recovery, the data collected at the height of the accompanying plant canopy is used for stress environment monitoring, and the data collected at the upper part of the seedling space is used for overall greenhouse environment monitoring.

[0067] A micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array is positioned around the perimeter of the canopy of the companion plants. A reference carbon dioxide sensor is located 1.5m above the top of the canopy of the companion plants, maintaining a horizontal distance of more than 1m from the nearest leaf of the companion plant, and is used to detect changes in the overall carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse. An infrared leaf temperature sensor array is aimed at the monitoring leaves of the fruit seedlings and the companion plants, respectively. A leaf moisture sensor is positioned near the monitoring leaves of the fruit seedlings. The inner surface temperature sensor of the greenhouse covering film faces the inner surface of the greenhouse covering film.

[0068] The photosynthetically active radiation sensor is positioned at the height of the accompanying plant canopy. The UV-B irradiance sensor includes a UV-B irradiance sensor for the accompanying plant canopy and a UV-B irradiance sensor for the fruit tree seedling canopy. The accompanying plant canopy UV-B irradiance sensor, positioned at the height of the accompanying plant canopy, is used to provide feedback and adjust the output power of the UV-B light-emitting diode. The fruit tree seedling canopy UV-B irradiance sensor, positioned at the height of the fruit tree seedling canopy, is used to monitor UV-B spillover radiation. The fruit tree seedling canopy UV-B irradiance reaches 0.02 W / m². 2 At that time, the central processing unit immediately cuts off the UV-B power supply circuit and records the UV-B overflow abnormal status.

[0069] The volatile organic compound sensor array employs a photoionization detector equipped with a 10.6 eV ultraviolet lamp. Detection points are located above the canopy of associated plants and in the canopy area of ​​fruit seedlings. The photoionization detector is calibrated using isobutylene standard gas, and the detection results are expressed in ppm isobutylene equivalents.

[0070] The sampling inlet of the volatile matter sensor is equipped with a hydrophobic filter membrane and a droplet separation chamber. The sampling tube is equipped with a constant temperature heating unit, which maintains the temperature of the sampling tube at 2°C above the current air dew point temperature to prevent droplets from entering the detection chamber and to suppress condensation on the inner wall of the sampling tube.

[0071] The central processing unit uses a humidity compensation table based on the relative humidity of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings to correct the output value of the volatile matter sensor, and then subtracts the background volatile matter concentration obtained during the baseline acquisition phase. If the correction result is less than zero, the detection result is treated as zero.

[0072] Before the system was put into operation, the volatile sensor array was calibrated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection results, and the correspondence between the output value of the photoionization detector, the concentration of the target active volatiles, and the ppm isobutylene equivalent was established.

[0073] The effective concentration threshold for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is determined after conducting bioactivity tests on specific fruit and forest seedling varieties, associated plant species, and target pest / disease combinations, and is set at 1.2 times the lowest effective inhibitory concentration. If the plant combination or target pest / disease changes, the original correlation is discontinued, and new detection parameters are used after recalibration.

[0074] The execution layer includes an adjustable spectrum LED supplemental lighting array, independent drip irrigation branches for associated plants, independent drip irrigation branches for fruit seedlings, a carbon dioxide fertilization device, a variable frequency negative pressure fan, a skylight servo motor, a side window servo motor, a greenhouse internal circulation fan, an ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array, heating equipment, a directional leaf cooling component, and a condensation dehumidifier.

[0075] An adjustable-spectrum LED supplemental lighting array is installed inside the greenhouse. The lights include UV-B light-emitting diodes with wavelengths of 280–315 nm and photosynthetically active radiation (RAEP) units. A directional shading cover is installed outside the UV-B light-emitting diodes, directing the radiation towards the canopy of the accompanying plants. The UV-B irradiance at the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings is controlled at 0.02 W / m². 2 the following.

[0076] Each independent drip irrigation branch for companion plants and each independent drip irrigation branch for fruit seedlings are equipped with a solenoid valve and a flow meter, and the two branches are independent of each other. The drip irrigation outlet is located above the root substrate of the corresponding plant. The carbon dioxide fertilization device is equipped with a gas supply solenoid valve and a valve position feedback switch.

[0077] Variable frequency negative pressure fans are installed on the outer envelope of the greenhouse. The skylights and side windows are driven by servo motors, each equipped with a fully closed limit switch and a fully open limit switch. The internal circulating fan is located inside the greenhouse, with its airflow circuit isolated from the outside. An ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array is installed on the greenhouse's top frame, producing droplets with a median volumetric diameter of less than 50 μm.

[0078] The directional foliar cooling system is installed above the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings and includes a low-speed fan, a cooling unit, a heat exchanger, a ductwork, a condensate collection tray, and a drain pipe. The cooling unit is connected to the heat exchanger via a circulation pipeline. The condensate collection tray is located below the heat exchanger, and the drain pipe is connected to the condensate collection tray. The airflow from the ductwork is directed towards the area above the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings. The central processing unit adjusts the output power of the cooling unit and the speed of the low-speed fan based on the detection values ​​of the infrared leaf temperature sensor, and controls the airflow velocity at the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings at 0.15–0.30 m / s.

[0079] The condensing dehumidifier is installed inside the greenhouse and performs closed-loop dehumidification when the outdoor air dew point is not suitable for ventilation. The variable frequency negative pressure fan, the greenhouse internal circulation fan, the condensing dehumidifier, the directional leaf cooling component, and the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array are all equipped with operating current detectors. The UV-B power supply circuit is equipped with an independent current detector.

[0080] The central processing unit (CPU) employs a programmable logic controller (PLC), with its signal inputs connected to the sensing layer and its control outputs connected to the execution layer. The CPU is equipped with non-volatile memory, a real-time clock, a network time synchronization interface, timers, a watchdog timer, a fault log area, and a human-machine interface. When the network is functioning normally, the real-time clock is calibrated via the network time synchronization protocol; if the network is interrupted, the real-time clock continues timing.

[0081] The non-volatile memory stores the correlation matrix of pest and disease physiological rhythms and the table of ecological regulation parameters. The correlation matrix of pest and disease physiological rhythms is used to establish the correspondence between forest and fruit seedling varieties, associated plant species, target pest and disease identifiers, and targeted ecological suppression windows.

[0082] The ecological regulation parameter table is used to store control parameters for baseline acquisition, pre-induction, ventilation boundary locking, light control, UV-B control, substrate moisture control, volatile matter enrichment, leaf condensation, environmental dehumidification, and fault protection. The central processing unit reads the corresponding targeted ecological suppression window and ecological regulation parameters based on the current fruit and forest seedling variety, associated plant species, and target pest and disease identifiers.

[0083] A personnel occupancy detector is installed at the greenhouse entrance. Upon detection of personnel entering the greenhouse, the central processing unit cuts off the UV-B power supply circuit and locks the UV-B start command. The UV-B start lock is released after the greenhouse entrance is closed and personnel clearance is confirmed.

[0084] See attached document Figure 2 An ecological regulation method for green control of diseases and pests in fruit and forest seedling cultivation includes:

[0085] S100 triggers time synchronization, baseline acquisition, and targeted ecological suppression window. The central processing unit acquires the system's real-time time and compares it with the targeted ecological suppression window in the pest and disease physiological rhythm correlation matrix. After the system time reaches the baseline acquisition node, it initiates the acquisition of the carbon dioxide baseline decrease rate and background volatile matter concentration. After the system time reaches the pre-intervention node, it suspends the temperature and humidity steady-state adjustment subroutine in the conventional growth control program and enters the ecological intervention state.

[0086] Routine growth control procedures include temperature and humidity stability regulation, irrigation of fruit and forest seedlings, routine irrigation of associated plants, carbon dioxide fertilization, and routine supplemental lighting. During ecological intervention, safe irrigation of fruit and forest seedlings, personnel interlocking, equipment fault protection, and operational sensor diagnostics are maintained.

[0087] The S200 implements stress control for associated plants based on feedback from the rate of decrease in carbon dioxide in the compensated micro-domain. The central processing unit reduces the water supply of the independent drip irrigation branch for associated plants, maintains the original water supply status of the independent drip irrigation branch for fruit seedlings, shuts down the carbon dioxide fertilization device, and activates UV-B output.

[0088] The micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array and the reference carbon dioxide sensor synchronously collect data, and the central processing unit calculates the positive rate of decrease of micro-domain carbon dioxide after compensation by the canopy of the associated plants.

[0089] After compensation, once the positive rate of carbon dioxide decrease in the micro-domain reaches the stress cessation threshold and remains there for three consecutive sampling cycles, the central processing unit stops UV-B output, restores the original water supply status of the independent drip irrigation branch for the associated plants, and simultaneously restores the normal control permission of the carbon dioxide fertilization device. The carbon dioxide decrease rate is only used to control the stress level of the associated plants; volatile matter concentration is detected separately.

[0090] S300 performs ventilation boundary latching and gaseous volatile enrichment. After the system time reaches the ventilation boundary latching node, the ventilation equipment is shut down, including skylights, side windows and variable frequency negative pressure fans, and the greenhouse internal circulation fan is started.

[0091] The volatile substance sensor array continuously detects the equivalent total volatile substance average concentration after compensation. Once the detected value reaches the effective volatile substance concentration threshold and remains constant for three consecutive detection cycles, the volatile substance enrichment status is recorded.

[0092] The S400 system controls dew point elevation and leaf condensation. Once the system reaches the target ecological suppression window start time and volatile matter enrichment is successful, the central processing unit shuts down the adjustable spectrum LED supplemental lighting array and heating equipment, and activates the directional leaf cooling component. After the monitored leaves of the fruit tree seedlings meet the condensation activation conditions, the central processing unit activates the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and adjusts the micro-mist output duty cycle based on the difference between the dew point temperature of the fruit tree seedling canopy air and the temperature of the monitored leaves.

[0093] The air dew point temperature is calculated based on the median value of the air temperature and humidity sensor group at the canopy height of the fruit seedlings and is controlled within a range of 0.2℃ to 0.4℃ higher than the monitored leaf temperature of the fruit seedlings.

[0094] After the leaf surface moisture sensor confirms the formation of a liquid water film, maintain the condensation state for 10 minutes. After the condensation ends, continue to keep the greenhouse sealed. Once any of the following conditions are met: the targeted ecological suppression window ends, the cumulative leaf surface moisture duration reaches 20 minutes, or the humidification safety boundary parameter reaches the set value, proceed to step S500.

[0095] S500 performs environmental dehumidification and restores normal growth status. The central processing unit stops micro-mist output and current condensation control, and selects the forced ventilation dehumidification path, closed condensation dehumidification path, or equipment failure dehumidification path based on the status of the ventilation actuator, the status of the dehumidification equipment, and the indoor and outdoor dew point difference.

[0096] When the relative humidity of the canopy air and the leaf moisture index of the fruit seedlings drop to the recovery threshold, in this embodiment, the relative humidity is less than or equal to 65% and the leaf moisture index is less than or equal to 10%, and after maintaining this for three consecutive sampling cycles, the normal growth control program is restored.

[0097] See attached document Figure 3 Step S100 includes:

[0098] S110 reads time data and control parameters. The central processing unit obtains the current system timestamp through the network time synchronization interface and maintains continuous timing with a real-time clock. At the same time, it reads the correlation matrix of pest and disease physiological rhythms and the ecological regulation parameter table from non-volatile memory.

[0099] The physiological rhythm correlation matrix of pests and diseases was established using agricultural pathology statistics, insect behavior statistics, and current greenhouse calibration data. It was used to record the correspondence between the spore germination stage of the target pathogen, the activity stage of the target insect, and the natural calendar, sunrise and sunset times, greenhouse temperature, and greenhouse humidity.

[0100] The central processing unit determines the target pest and disease identifiers for the current cycle based on the seedling variety, associated plant species, current date, sunrise and sunset times, average temperature over the past 24 hours, and average humidity over the past 24 hours. It then obtains the start and end timestamps of the targeted ecological suppression window using a segmented correction table. Subsequently, it reads the control parameters corresponding to the current plant combination and the target pest and disease from the ecological regulation parameter table.

[0101] S120 generates the baseline acquisition node, the pre-intervention node, and the ventilation boundary latching node. The required lead time for each control step is as follows: baseline acquisition lead time is 210 min, pre-intervention duration is 180 min, and ventilation boundary latching lead time is 15 min.

[0102] The central processing unit uses the start timestamp of the targeted ecological suppression window as a benchmark and subtracts the advance required for each control link (i.e., 210 min, 180 min, and 15 min) to generate the benchmark acquisition node, the pre-intervention node, and the ventilation boundary latching node.

[0103] S125, Initialize execution status. After the system time reaches the reference acquisition node, clear the process flags, temporary fault flags, timing registers, and retry counters generated in the previous round. Hardware fault flags that have not yet been manually reset remain. Subsequently, perform self-checks on key sensors, actuator operation feedback, and communication links.

[0104] S130 collects the baseline carbon dioxide decline rate and background volatile matter concentration. The central processing unit reads the baseline skylight opening, baseline side window opening, baseline negative pressure fan frequency, baseline internal circulation fan frequency, and target value of photosynthetically active radiation.

[0105] The photosynthetically active radiation at the canopy of the companion plants was controlled at 250 μmol / (m²). 2 (s), skylights, side windows, variable frequency negative pressure fans, and greenhouse internal circulation fans should be kept in their baseline operating state, and carbon dioxide fertilization devices should be kept off.

[0106] The sampling period was 5 minutes, and the sampling lasted for 30 minutes. Compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration values ​​were obtained at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, and 30 min. Six samples of the positive decrease rate of compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide were calculated based on adjacent concentration values. The median of the six samples was denoted as [missing value]. .

[0107] At each sampling moment, the central processing unit reads all the detection values ​​from the volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor array, performs humidity compensation on each value, removes outliers exceeding 30% of the array median, and calculates the arithmetic mean of the remaining values ​​to obtain the array average value for the current sampling moment. Seven array average values ​​are obtained within 30 minutes, and the median of these seven average values ​​is recorded as the background VOC concentration. .

[0108] After outlier removal, if the number of remaining valid sensors is less than two-thirds of the total number of volatiles sensor arrays, the central processing unit records the fault status of the volatiles sensor array, stops the current round of baseline acquisition, and continues to run the normal growth control program.

[0109] The minimum effective reference descent rate is denoted as The unit is ppm / min. Less than If the baseline data collection is invalid, continue the regular growth control program and stop this round of ecological intervention. Greater than or equal to At that time, record the valid status of the benchmark acquisition.

[0110] S140 executes clock polling and state switching. The central processing unit compares the current system timestamp with the previous intervention node in 1-minute clock steps. Once the current system timestamp reaches the previous intervention node and the baseline acquisition is in a valid state, the ecological intervention status is recorded, and the temperature and humidity steady-state adjustment subroutine is suspended.

[0111] S150, Verification of Startup Conditions. The startup verification includes sensor online status, actuator operation feedback, servo motor limit status, greenhouse personnel occupancy status, moisture content of associated plant substrate, and moisture content of fruit seedling substrate. And fault records.

[0112] If any of the following conditions occur: key sensor offline, greenhouse personnel occupying the space, servo motor malfunction, substrate moisture content of fruit seedlings below the safe lower limit, invalid baseline data acquisition, or abnormal feedback from key actuators, the ecological intervention status is cleared, the normal growth control program is restored, and an alarm message is output. After all startup conditions are met, proceed to step S200.

[0113] S160, Perform operational sensor diagnostics. During steps S200 to S500, continuously monitor the micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array, reference carbon dioxide sensor, volatile matter sensor array, infrared leaf temperature sensor array, air temperature and humidity sensor group, leaf surface moisture sensor, greenhouse covering film inner surface temperature sensor, photosynthetically active radiation sensor, and UV-B irradiance sensor.

[0114] The diagnostic content includes online status, data update time, range status, and data change amplitude. If any of the following occurs: no valid data for two consecutive sampling cycles, output value exceeding the range, or output value change amplitude less than the sensor resolution for 10 consecutive sampling cycles, the critical sensor fault status is recorded, and the process proceeds to step S500.

[0115] See attached document Figure 4 Step S200 includes:

[0116] S210, establish a stress environment for associated plants. The central treatment unit calculates 40% of the field water holding capacity of the associated plant substrate and 1.2 times the permanent wilting point of the associated plant substrate, and takes the larger value as the target value of the associated plant substrate water content.

[0117] The independent drip irrigation branch for associated plants was switched from conventional duty cycle control to substrate moisture content feedback control, while the independent drip irrigation branch for fruit seedlings maintained conventional water supply.

[0118] The photosynthetically active radiation of the canopy of companion plants should be controlled at 250 μmol / (m²). 2 (·s), UV-B irradiance controlled at 0.6W / m 2The UV-B operates on a cycle of 10 minutes on and 5 minutes off, with a cumulative dose of 2.88 kJ / m² per cycle. 2 The UV-B irradiance at the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings was maintained at 0.02 W / m². 2 the following.

[0119] During the stress period, the opening of the skylight, the opening of the side windows, the frequency of the variable frequency negative pressure fan, and the frequency of the circulating fan in the greenhouse are kept at the baseline, and the carbon dioxide fertilization device is kept off.

[0120] S220, calculate the positive rate of decrease of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain after compensation. The micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array and the reference carbon dioxide sensor collect data every 5 minutes.

[0121] The array data is first filtered to remove outliers whose absolute difference from the array median exceeds 150 ppm. After outlier removal, the number of remaining effective micro-domain carbon dioxide sensors must not be less than two-thirds of the total number of array sensors. If the number of effective sensors falls below this proportion, the central processing unit records the micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array fault status, cuts off the UV-B power supply circuit, and proceeds to step S500. When the number of effective sensors reaches this proportion, the central processing unit calculates the arithmetic mean of the remaining detection values. The difference between the current detection value of the carbon dioxide sensor and the detection value at the start of the baseline acquisition is used as the overall greenhouse concentration change. The compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration is obtained by subtracting this change from the average value of the canopy array. .

[0122] The positive rate of carbon dioxide decrease in the micro-domain after compensation is calculated according to the following formula:

[0123] ;

[0124] In the formula, The current compensated rate of decrease in carbon dioxide in the micro-domain is expressed in ppm / min. The compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration at the current sampling time is expressed in ppm. The compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration at the previous sampling time is expressed in ppm. The sampling period is 5 minutes. When the carbon dioxide concentration decreases, It is a positive value.

[0125] S230, determine the stress cessation time. The stress cessation coefficient is denoted as... In this embodiment, the value is 0.4. The stress cessation threshold is calculated according to the following formula:

[0126] ;

[0127] In the formula, The threshold for forced cessation is expressed in ppm / min. The dimensionless stress stopping coefficient; The rate of decrease of carbon dioxide is expressed as a baseline, in ppm / min.

[0128] The central processing unit compares every 5 minutes. and . Less than or equal to After three consecutive sampling cycles, the UV-B power supply circuit was cut off, the normal water supply to the companion plants was restored, the normal control permission of the carbon dioxide fertilization device was restored, and the stress end time was recorded.

[0129] The stress timeout threshold is 120 minutes. If the physical intervention continues for 120 minutes and the cessation condition is not met, the UV-B power supply circuit is cut off, the water supply to the companion plants and the carbon dioxide fertilization control are restored, the stress timeout status is recorded, and the process proceeds to step S500.

[0130] S240, awaiting metabolite release. After the stress ended, the photosynthetically active radiation of the symbiotic plant canopy remained at 250 μmol / (m²). 2 •s), the metabolite release waiting time is 30 min.

[0131] After the waiting period, photosynthetically active radiation was maintained until the start of the targeted ecological suppression window. Volatile data were continuously collected during the waiting period; a single detection value was not used as a criterion for successful enrichment.

[0132] If the waiting time ends later than the ventilation boundary latch node, record the timing timeout status and proceed to step S500.

[0133] See attached document Figure 5 Step S300 includes:

[0134] S310, verify ventilation boundary latching conditions. After the system time reaches the ventilation boundary latching node, read the stress end status, UV-B power supply circuit current, associated plant drip irrigation flow rate, CO2 fertilization device routine control permission status, and equipment fault status.

[0135] If any of the following conditions occur: the stress has not ended, the UV-B power supply circuit still has operating current, the drip irrigation flow of the associated plants has not recovered, the conventional control permission for the carbon dioxide fertilization device is invalid, or the equipment malfunction status is valid, the enrichment condition is recorded as entering an abnormal state, and the process proceeds to step S500. After verification, a ventilation boundary closure command is generated.

[0136] S320, Close the ventilation boundary. The variable frequency negative pressure fan stops running, and the skylight and side windows are fully closed. After all the fully closed limit switches remain active for 10 seconds, record the ventilation boundary latching completion status.

[0137] The actuator response timeout threshold is 60s. If any fully closed limit switch fails to reach the effective state within 60s, the closing action stops, the skylight and side windows with normal operating capability are restored to the normal natural ventilation opening, the ventilation actuator fault status is recorded, and the process proceeds to step S500.

[0138] After the ventilation boundary is locked, the circulating fan in the greenhouse is operated at 20% of the rated frequency to reduce the difference in volatile concentration in the canopy area.

[0139] S330, determine the effective concentration of volatiles. The volatile sensor array collects detection data every 1 minute. After humidity compensation, the central processing unit calculates the array median value and removes outliers that deviate from the array median value by more than a certain percentage (30% in this embodiment) and exceed the upper limit of sensor repeatability error.

[0140] After outlier removal, the number of remaining valid sensors must not be less than two-thirds of the total number of volatile substance sensor arrays. If the number of remaining valid sensors is less than this proportion, the central processing unit records the fault status of the volatile substance sensor array and proceeds to step S500.

[0141] The central processing unit calculates the arithmetic mean of the remaining valid detection values, and then subtracts the background volatile concentration. If the calculation result is less than zero, it is treated as zero, and the result is recorded as follows. .

[0142] Background volatile concentration, in ppm isobutylene equivalent; The average concentration of equivalent total volatiles after compensation is expressed in ppm isobutylene equivalents. The effective concentration threshold for volatile substances is expressed in ppm isobutylene equivalents.

[0143] when Greater than or equal to The central processing unit records the successful enrichment status of volatiles after three consecutive detection cycles. Less than At this time, the central processing unit continues to keep the skylight and side windows closed, the variable frequency negative pressure fan stopped, and the greenhouse internal circulation fan maintained at 20% of the rated frequency.

[0144] S340 executes enrichment timeout and timing sequence processing. After the ventilation boundary latch is completed, the central processing unit begins to accumulate the volatile enrichment time, with a maximum enrichment time of 15 minutes.

[0145] When the volatile matter enrichment state is established before the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window, the central processing unit continues to maintain ventilation boundary latch and greenhouse internal circulation fan operation at 20% of the rated frequency until the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window is reached, and then proceeds to step S400.

[0146] If the volatile enrichment success status has not been established after the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window, the central processing unit records the volatile enrichment failure status and proceeds to step S500.

[0147] See attached document Figure 6 Step S400 includes:

[0148] S410, establish a leaf surface temperature difference for fruit seedlings. Turn off the adjustable spectrum LED supplemental lighting array and heating equipment, reduce the frequency of the circulating fan in the greenhouse to 10% of the rated frequency, and simultaneously activate the directional leaf cooling component.

[0149] Read every 30 seconds , , , , and . The value represents the median dry-bulb temperature of the canopy air in fruit and forest seedlings, in °C. The value represents the median relative humidity of the canopy air of fruit and forest seedlings, expressed in % (%). Leaf temperature was monitored for fruit seedlings, and the unit was °C. Leaf temperature of associated plants is monitored, and the unit is °C; The temperature of the inner surface of the greenhouse covering film is expressed in °C. The normalized leaf surface moisture index ranges from 0% to 100%.

[0150] Central processing unit according to Adjust the directional blade cooling assembly. Micro-mist control will activate when the following conditions are met simultaneously: Higher than At least 1.5℃; Below At least 1.0℃; Below At least 1.0℃; Greater than or equal to ; Less than 10%.

[0151] Temperature data is calculated using the moving average of the most recent three detection cycles. The condensation initiation timeout threshold is 20 minutes. If the initiation conditions are not met within 20 minutes after the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window, the directional leaf cooling component is stopped, the condensation initiation timeout status is recorded, and the process proceeds to step S500.

[0152] S420 calculates the dew point temperature of the canopy air for fruit tree seedlings. (Intermediate variable) and air dew point temperature Calculate according to the following formula:

[0153] ;

[0154] ;

[0155] In the formula, The dew point temperature of the canopy air of fruit and forest seedlings is expressed in °C. The value represents the median dry-bulb temperature of the canopy air in fruit and forest seedlings, in °C. The value represents the median relative humidity of the canopy air of fruit and forest seedlings, expressed in % (%). It is a dimensionless intermediate variable.

[0156] S430 performs micro-mist injection and dew point adjustment. Once the condensation start-up conditions are met, it maintains the current output of the directional leaf cooling component and activates the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array.

[0157] The central processing unit updates every 30 seconds. ,according to and The difference adjusts the duty cycle of the micro-mist output and the air supply power of the directional blade cooling component.

[0158] The mist nozzles are directed towards the upper part of the greenhouse, maintaining a vertical distance of 1.5m between the nozzles and the canopy of the fruit seedlings. The mist output direction of the nozzles is not towards the leaves.

[0159] If the percentage increase exceeds 30% within 60 seconds, stop the mist output, reduce the duty cycle of subsequent outputs by 50%, accumulate one retry attempt, and then restart the mist control. The duty cycle after each adjustment should not be lower than 10%.

[0160] The maximum number of retries for the mist feature is two. After two retries, If the increase exceeds 30 percentage points within 60 seconds, record the abnormal state of the micro-mist spray and proceed to step S500.

[0161] S440, maintains the state of condensation on the leaf surface. Higher than The temperature difference is controlled within a set range, which in this embodiment is 0.2℃~0.4℃. The shortest start time for the micro-mist is 20s, and the shortest stop time is 20s.

[0162] Higher than ,and After three consecutive detection cycles of increase, the leaf surface condensation formation status is recorded, and the condensation confirmation value is reached. In this embodiment, it is 10%. The leaf surface condensation formation status is recorded, and the leaf surface wetting time is accumulated from that moment.

[0163] By adjusting the duty cycle of the micro-mist output and the air supply power of the directional blade cooling component, The condensation is controlled within the target control range until the condensation control time ends. In this embodiment, the condensation control time ends when the condensation is maintained for 10 minutes, and the target control range is 60% to 80%.

[0164] During the condensation period, Keep greater than or equal to . Two consecutive testing cycles below When the volatile concentration fails, record the failure status and proceed to step S500.

[0165] Safety monitoring is performed simultaneously during condensation control. Reaching 95%, Below , Below , Once any of the following states are achieved: 85% humidification, continuous operation of micro-mist for 15 minutes, or cumulative leaf surface humidification time for 20 minutes, the power supply to the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and the directional leaf surface cooling component is cut off, the abnormal exit state is recorded, and the process proceeds to step S500.

[0166] S450, stop condensation and keep the greenhouse sealed. After condensation lasts for 10 minutes, stop the mist output and the directional leaf cooling components, keep the circulating fan in the greenhouse at 10% of the rated frequency, and keep the skylight, side windows and variable frequency negative pressure fan closed.

[0167] Continuous monitoring during the period of closure , , Cumulative duration of leaf surface moisture. End of targeted ecological suppression window. Reaching 95%, Reaching 85%, with a cumulative leaf surface moisture duration of 20 minutes, Two consecutive testing cycles below Once any of the states occurs, proceed to step S500.

[0168] See attached document Figure 7 Step S500 includes:

[0169] S510, terminate the current ecological intervention process. The central processing unit compares the current system timestamp with the end timestamp of the targeted ecological suppression window at 1-minute time steps.

[0170] If any of the following conditions occur: the targeted ecological suppression window ends, stress timeout, timing timeout, abnormal enrichment entry conditions, ventilation actuator failure, volatile enrichment failure, condensation start-up timeout, volatile concentration failure, micro-mist spraying abnormality, critical sensor failure, or abnormal exit, the power supply to the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array, UV-B light-emitting diode, and directional leaf cooling component will be cut off. The normal water supply status of the companion plants and the normal control permission of the carbon dioxide fertilization device will be restored, and the current internal circulation control will be stopped.

[0171] S520, select the dehumidification path. Calculate the indoor dew point temperature based on the median value from the air temperature and humidity sensor group at the canopy height of the fruit tree seedlings. The outdoor dew point temperature is calculated based on data from outdoor air temperature and humidity sensors. . and The calculation method in step S420 is used in all cases.

[0172] The temperature difference during the dehumidification path switching is 2℃. The ventilation actuator is functioning normally, and Higher than Forced ventilation and dehumidification should be initiated at a temperature of at least 2°C. The ventilation actuators should be functioning normally, and and When the temperature difference is less than 2°C, closed-loop condensation dehumidification is executed. When the ventilation actuator malfunction status is active, equipment malfunction dehumidification is executed.

[0173] When forced ventilation dehumidification is performed, the skylight and side windows are opened to the full opening limit, and then the variable frequency negative pressure fan is started, with the operating frequency set to 70% of the rated frequency. If the operating current of the negative pressure fan does not reach the effective range within 30 seconds, the fault status of the negative pressure fan is recorded, the negative pressure fan is stopped, the skylight and side windows are closed to the full closing limit, and then the closed condensation dehumidification mode is switched.

[0174] When using the closed condensation dehumidification system, close the skylight and side windows to their fully closed limit positions. After the fully closed limit switch remains active for 10 seconds, stop the variable frequency negative pressure fan, start the condensation dehumidifier, and set the frequency of the circulating fan inside the greenhouse to 30% of its rated frequency.

[0175] If the operating current of the condensing dehumidifier does not reach the effective range within 30 seconds, record the fault status of the condensing dehumidifier and the dehumidification equipment, open the skylight and side window with operating capability to the full opening limit, and start the variable frequency negative pressure fan with operating capability.

[0176] When performing dehumidification due to equipment failure, open all operable skylights and side windows to their full opening limit, and start the variable frequency negative pressure fan capable of operation, setting the operating frequency to 50% of the rated frequency. If the variable frequency negative pressure fan cannot operate, start the condenser dehumidifier and the greenhouse internal circulation fan. If neither the variable frequency negative pressure fan nor the condenser dehumidifier can operate, keep all available natural ventilation ducts fully open and issue a manual alarm.

[0177] S530, determines the environmental recovery status. Reads data every 1 minute. and . Less than or equal to 65%, The humidity level is less than or equal to 10%, and after three consecutive sampling cycles, the dehumidification is confirmed to be complete.

[0178] After dehumidification is complete, turn off the variable frequency negative pressure fan, condenser dehumidifier and greenhouse internal circulation fan, adjust the skylights and side windows that are capable of operation to the normal natural ventilation opening, and clear the process status, temporary fault status, timing register and retry counter formed in this round.

[0179] If no hardware fault requiring manual reset exists, resume the normal growth control program. If a hardware fault requiring manual reset exists, maintain the fault alarm and prohibit the next round of ecological intervention. After the fault is resolved and manual reset is completed, resume the normal growth control program.

[0180] S540 implements dehumidification timeout protection. The dehumidification timeout threshold is 60 minutes. If dehumidification continues for 60 minutes and the recovery conditions are not met, it enters a fault-safe state and stops automatic ecological intervention permission.

[0181] The ventilation actuators and variable frequency negative pressure fans are in normal condition, and Higher than At a temperature of at least 2°C, keep the skylight and side windows fully open and set the frequency of the variable frequency negative pressure fan to 50% of the rated frequency.

[0182] The ventilation actuators and condenser dehumidifier are functioning normally, and and When the temperature difference is less than 2°C, keep the skylight and side windows completely closed, start the condenser dehumidifier, and set the frequency of the circulating fan in the greenhouse to 30% of the rated frequency.

[0183] If any of the ventilation actuators, variable frequency negative pressure fans, or condensing dehumidifiers malfunctions, the actuator will discharge dehumidifiers. In fail-safe mode, the UV-B output remains locked, and a dehumidification timeout alarm will be displayed on the human-machine interface.

[0184] S550 implements Level 2 fault protection. The Level 2 fault timeout threshold is 120 minutes. If the fault-safe state continues for 120 minutes without meeting the recovery conditions, the current automatic control cycle will stop, the UV-B output will be locked, and the dehumidification equipment with operating capability will be controlled according to a cycle of 10 minutes of operation followed by 5 minutes of shutdown. At the same time, a manual handling alarm will be output.

[0185] After troubleshooting, re-perform the sensor check, actuator check, and environmental status check. Less than or equal to 65%, If the failure rate is less than or equal to 10%, the key sensor data is valid, the necessary actuators are operational, and after manual reset, the fault-safe state is lifted and the normal growth control program is restored.

[0186] Specific application examples:

[0187] This embodiment uses apple seedlings as the cultivation object, marigolds as the companion plant, and apple aphids as the control target to illustrate the operation mode of the ecological regulation system in the green prevention and control of diseases and pests in forest and fruit seedling cultivation.

[0188] The experimental greenhouse was divided into an apple seedling cultivation area and a marigold companion area. The apple seedlings and marigolds were each connected to an independent drip irrigation branch. Air temperature and humidity sensors, infrared leaf temperature sensors, leaf surface moisture sensors, UV-B irradiance sensors, and volatile matter sensors were installed in the apple seedling canopy. Air temperature and humidity sensors, a micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array, infrared leaf temperature sensors, photosynthetically active radiation sensors, UV-B irradiance sensors, and volatile matter sensors were installed in the marigold canopy. An outdoor air temperature and humidity sensor was installed outside the greenhouse.

[0189] The central processing unit reads the targeted ecological suppression window based on the physiological rhythm correlation matrix of pests and diseases corresponding to apple seedlings, marigolds and apple aphids, and reads the control parameters used for baseline collection, associated plant stress, volatile enrichment, leaf condensation and moisture recovery from the ecological regulation parameter table.

[0190] 210 minutes before the start of the targeted ecological suppression window, the system entered the baseline acquisition phase. The photosynthetically active radiation of the marigold canopy remained at 250 μmol / (m²). 2 (·s), the skylight, side windows, variable frequency negative pressure fan and greenhouse internal circulation fan are kept in the baseline operating state, and the carbon dioxide fertilization device is turned off.

[0191] The micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array and the reference carbon dioxide sensor continuously collected data for 30 minutes with a sampling period of 5 minutes. Compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration values ​​were obtained at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, and 30 min. Six samples of the positive decrease rate of carbon dioxide in the compensated micro-domain were calculated based on adjacent concentration values, and the median of the six samples was recorded as the baseline carbon dioxide decrease rate. .

[0192] The measurements in this embodiment , Reaching the minimum effective baseline rate of decline recorded in the ecological regulation parameter table The central processing unit records the valid status of the baseline acquisition.

[0193] During the baseline acquisition period, the volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor array synchronously acquired environmental VOC data. The measured values ​​at each sampling time were calculated as an array average after humidity compensation and outlier removal. Seven array averages were obtained within 30 minutes, and the median of these seven array averages was recorded as the background VOC concentration. .

[0194] Once the system reaches the pre-intervention node, the marigold independent drip irrigation branch switches from conventional water supply control to substrate moisture content feedback control. The target value for marigold substrate moisture content is the larger of 40% of field capacity and 1.2 times the permanent wilting point. The apple seedling independent drip irrigation branch maintains conventional water supply.

[0195] The photosynthetically active radiation of the marigold canopy remains at 250 μmol / (m²). 2 (·s), UV-B irradiance remained at 0.6 W / m 2 The UV-B system operates on a cycle of 10 minutes on and 5 minutes off, with a cumulative dose per cycle not exceeding 2.88 kJ / m². 2 The UV-B irradiance of the apple seedling canopy was maintained at 0.02 W / m². 2 the following.

[0196] During the stress period, the micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array and the reference carbon dioxide sensor collected data every 5 minutes. The positive rate of decrease of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain after compensation was calculated according to the following formula:

[0197] ;

[0198] In the formula, The compensated positive rate of decrease of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain at the current sampling time is expressed in ppm / min. The compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration at the current sampling time is expressed in ppm. The compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration at the previous sampling time is expressed in ppm. The sampling period is 5 minutes in this embodiment.

[0199] When the stress lasted for 20 minutes, the compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration at the previous sampling time was: ppm, the compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration at the current sampling time is Substituting ppm into the formula for the positive decrease rate of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain after compensation, we get... ppm / min.

[0200] The coercion cessation threshold is calculated using the following formula:

[0201] ;

[0202] In the formula, The threshold for forced cessation is expressed in ppm / min. The coercion stopping coefficient; The carbon dioxide baseline decay rate is expressed in ppm / min. In this embodiment, Take 0.4, The value is 12.0 ppm / min. The calculated values ​​are: ppm / min.

[0203] Measured at 20 minutes It is 6.0 ppm / min, higher than The system continues to execute coercive control.

[0204] As the coercion process continues Reduce to 4.5 ppm / min, and maintain a level not exceeding [a certain value] for three consecutive sampling cycles. After continuous judgment is completed, the system cuts off the UV-B power supply circuit, restores the marigold's normal water supply status, and restores the normal control permission of the carbon dioxide fertilization device.

[0205] In this embodiment, the positive rate of decrease of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain after compensation is used as a feedback parameter for the stress level of marigolds, and this parameter is not used directly as the basis for determining the concentration of volatiles.

[0206] After the stress control ended, the photosynthetically active radiation of the marigold canopy remained at 250 μmol / (m²). 2 (s), the system will wait for 30 minutes for metabolite release.

[0207] After the system time reaches the ventilation boundary latch node, the variable frequency negative pressure fan stops running, the skylight and side windows are closed to the fully closed limit, and the greenhouse internal circulation fan runs at 20% of the rated frequency.

[0208] The volatile organic compound sensor array collects detection data every 1 minute. After humidity compensation, the median value of the array is calculated, and detection values ​​that deviate from the median value by more than 30% and exceed the upper limit of sensor repeatability error are removed.

[0209] After outlier removal, if the number of remaining valid sensors is not less than two-thirds of the total array size, the system calculates the arithmetic mean of the valid detection values ​​and then subtracts the background volatile concentration. If the calculated result is less than zero, it is treated as zero, and the result is recorded as the compensated equivalent average total volatile matter concentration. .

[0210] This embodiment uses the pre-completed photoionization detector calibration results and apple aphid bioactivity test results to determine the effective concentration threshold of volatiles. The isobutylene equivalent was set at 2.5 ppm.

[0211] achieve After three consecutive detection cycles, the central processing unit records the successful enrichment status of volatiles.

[0212] When the volatile matter enrichment state is successfully established before the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window, the system continues to keep the skylight and side windows closed, the variable frequency negative pressure fan stopped, and the greenhouse internal circulation fan maintained at 20% of the rated frequency until the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window arrives.

[0213] The volatile matter enrichment time reached 15 minutes, and Still not achieved for three consecutive testing cycles When this occurs, the system records the failure of volatile matter enrichment and then transitions to the dehumidification recovery process.

[0214] Once the targeted ecological suppression window begins and the volatile matter enrichment is successful, the system shuts down the adjustable spectrum LED supplemental lighting array and heating equipment, reduces the frequency of the circulating fan in the greenhouse to 10% of the rated frequency, and activates the directional leaf cooling component.

[0215] The system reads the dry-bulb temperature of the apple seedling canopy air every 30 seconds. relative humidity Monitoring leaf temperature in apple seedlings Marigold leaf temperature monitoring Surface temperature inside the greenhouse covering film Leaf surface moisture index .

[0216] Central processing unit according to Adjust the cooling output power and airflow speed of the directional blade cooling component. The system will activate the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array when the following conditions are met simultaneously:

[0217] Higher than At least 1.5℃;

[0218] Below At least 1.0℃;

[0219] Below At least 1.0℃;

[0220] achieve ;

[0221] Less than 10%.

[0222] intermediate variables Calculate according to the following formula:

[0223] ;

[0224] air dew point temperature Calculate according to the following formula:

[0225] ;

[0226] In the formula, The dew point temperature of the apple seedling canopy air is expressed in °C. The value represents the median dry-bulb temperature of the apple seedling canopy, in °C. The value represents the median relative humidity of the apple seedling canopy, expressed in % (%). It is a dimensionless intermediate variable.

[0227] The system according to and The differential adjustment of the micro-mist output duty cycle and the air supply power of the directional blade cooling component enables... Higher than 0.3℃. This temperature difference falls within the control range of 0.2℃ to 0.4℃.

[0228] Leaf surface moisture sensor detected After three consecutive detection cycles of increase, reaching 10%, the system records the condensation formation status on the monitored leaves. Subsequently... Maintain the concentration between 60% and 80%, and keep the condensation level for 10 minutes.

[0229] This embodiment uses the detection results of a leaf surface moisture sensor to confirm the formation of a detectable liquid water film on the leaves, without extending this detection result to all apple seedling leaves. Continuous monitoring is conducted during the condensation period. . Two consecutive testing cycles below At this time, the system stops condensation control and enters the dehumidification recovery process.

[0230] After condensation is maintained for 10 minutes, the system stops the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and the directional leaf cooling component, and selects the dehumidification path according to the dew point difference inside and outside the greenhouse.

[0231] Indoor dew point temperature and outdoor dew point temperature All dew point values ​​were obtained using the aforementioned dew point calculation method.

[0232] Higher than At a temperature of at least 2°C, the system will perform forced ventilation and dehumidification, opening the skylight and side windows to their full opening limits and setting the frequency of the variable frequency negative pressure fan to 70% of its rated frequency. and When the temperature difference is less than 2°C, the system performs closed condensation dehumidification, closes the skylight and side windows to the fully closed limit, starts the condensation dehumidifier, and sets the frequency of the circulating fan in the greenhouse to 30% of the rated frequency.

[0233] The relative humidity of the apple seedling canopy decreased to below 65%, and Once the humidity is reduced to below 10% and maintained for three consecutive sampling cycles, the system confirms that dehumidification is complete and resumes the normal growth control program.

[0234] To evaluate the impact of the ecological regulation system on aphid populations and seedling growth in apple seedlings, a 14-day comparative experiment was conducted. The experiment included groups A, B, and C.

[0235] Group A is the natural growth control group, which does not undergo ecological intervention or use chemical pesticides.

[0236] Group B was the chemical control group, and they sprayed imidacloprid aqueous solution according to the experimental protocol.

[0237] Group C is the ecological regulation system group. Control measures were implemented according to the baseline collection, marigold stress, volatile enrichment, apple seedling leaf condensation and dehumidification recovery process described in this embodiment, without the application of chemical pesticides.

[0238] Each group used apple seedlings of the same age and growth stage, and the initial aphid density of each group was adjusted to the same level at the start of the experiment. During the experiment, the greenhouse base temperature, photoperiod, apple seedling irrigation system, and survey time were kept consistent for each group.

[0239] The results of the 14th day survey are as follows:

[0240] The average aphid density on the leaves of apple seedlings in Group A was 45 aphids per leaf.

[0241] The average aphid density on the leaves of apple seedlings in Group B was 2 aphids per leaf.

[0242] The average aphid density on the leaves of apple seedlings in Group C was 3 aphids per leaf.

[0243] The average height increase of apple seedlings in group B was 3.5 cm;

[0244] The average height increase of apple seedlings in Group C was 5.2 cm.

[0245] Some leaves in group B developed spots during the experiment. This example only records the characteristics of these leaves and does not further attribute the cause of the spots.

[0246] According to the above records, the average aphid density in group C on day 14 was lower than that in group A, and close to that in group B; the average height increase of apple seedlings in group C was higher than that in group B. This comparative experiment was used to evaluate the overall application results of the complete ecological regulation process, and did not determine the independent contributions of marigold stress, volatile matter accumulation, and leaf condensation based on the data from the three groups.

[0247] The number of independent replicates for each group, the number of apple seedlings per replicate, the number of leaves surveyed, the initial aphid density, the concentration of imidacloprid aqueous solution, the number of applications, the application interval, the mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical test results should be added to the official text according to the actual experimental records. Before the statistical tests are completed, only the recorded values ​​and numerical differences of each group should be stated.

[0248] See attached document Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents the running time in minutes; the left Y-axis represents the positive rate of decrease of carbon dioxide in the micro-domain after compensation. The unit is ppm / min; the Y-axis on the right is the equivalent average concentration of total volatiles after compensation. The unit is isobutylene equivalent (ppm).

[0249] Solid lines are used to represent... Horizontal dotted lines are used to represent this. Dashed lines are used to represent this. Horizontal dashed lines are used to represent this.

[0250] The diagram marks the UV-B start-up time, the stress cessation determination completion time, the ventilation boundary latch-up time, the volatile enrichment success time, and the target ecological suppression window start time to indicate the time relationship of each control link.

[0251] See attached document Figure 9The horizontal axis represents the treatment groups, including group A (natural growth control group), group B (chemical control group), and group C (ecological control system group); the vertical axis represents the average aphid density on apple seedling leaves on day 14, in units of aphids / leaf. The average aphid densities for groups A, B, and C were 45 aphids / leaf, 2 aphids / leaf, and 3 aphids / leaf, respectively. Different fill line styles and column numbers were used to distinguish the treatment groups; color was not used for identification. After obtaining independent replicates, each column was plotted according to the within-group mean, and error bars were used to represent the standard deviation.

[0252] See attached document Figure 10 The horizontal axis represents the treatment groups, including group B (chemical control) and group C (ecological control system); the vertical axis represents the average height increase of apple seedlings within 14 days, in cm. The average height increases of group B and group C were 3.5 cm and 5.2 cm, respectively.

Claims

1. An ecological regulation method for green control of diseases and pests in forest and fruit seedling cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Upon reaching the baseline acquisition node, the surface temperature inside the greenhouse covering film and the leaf temperature of the associated plants are acquired. The baseline rate of carbon dioxide decrease and the background volatile concentration are also acquired. Upon reaching the pre-intervention node, the routine growth control program is suspended. Reduce the water supply of the independent drip irrigation branch for the companion plants and start UV-B output. After the positive rate of carbon dioxide decline in the micro-domain reaches the stress cessation threshold, restore the normal water supply to the companion plants and stop UV-B output. After reaching the ventilation boundary latch node, the ventilation equipment is turned off. After the average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation reaches the effective concentration threshold of volatiles, the volatile enrichment status is recorded. After reaching the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window and recording the successful enrichment status of the volatiles, the directional leaf cooling component and the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array are activated, and the micro-mist output is adjusted according to the difference between the dew point temperature of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings and the temperature of the monitored leaves of the fruit seedlings. After condensation, moisture is removed based on the difference between indoor and outdoor dew points. Once the relative humidity of the canopy air and the leaf moisture index of the fruit seedlings drop to the recovery threshold, the normal growth control program is resumed.

2. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting the baseline rate of carbon dioxide decay and the background volatile concentration includes: During the baseline acquisition period, the compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration value is obtained according to a fixed sampling period. Multiple compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide positive decrease rate samples are calculated based on adjacent compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration values, and the median value of the samples is taken as the baseline carbon dioxide decrease rate. At each sampling moment, the volatile matter detection value is acquired through the volatile matter sensor array set inside the greenhouse and humidity compensation is performed. After removing outliers, the average value of the remaining detection values ​​is calculated, and the median value of multiple average values ​​within the entire collection cycle is taken as the background volatile matter concentration.

3. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the positive rate of carbon dioxide decrease in the micro-domain after compensation is as follows: The micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration value is obtained by a micro-domain carbon dioxide sensor array set up inside the greenhouse and the average value after removing outliers is calculated. The current detection value is obtained by a reference carbon dioxide sensor set up inside the greenhouse. The difference between the current detection value and the detection value at the start of the baseline acquisition is taken as the overall concentration change in the greenhouse. Subtracting the overall greenhouse concentration change from the average value yields the compensated micro-area carbon dioxide concentration at the current moment. The positive decreasing rate of carbon dioxide in the compensated micro-domain is obtained by subtracting the current compensated micro-domain carbon dioxide concentration from the previous sampling time and then dividing by the sampling period.

4. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the coercion cessation threshold is as follows: The stress stop threshold is obtained by multiplying the dimensionless stress stop coefficient read from the non-volatile memory by the carbon dioxide reference decrease rate. After stopping the UV-B output and restoring the normal water supply to the symbiotic plants, a metabolite release waiting period is implemented. During this waiting period, the photosynthetically active radiation of the symbiotic plant canopy is maintained at the target value until the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window is reached.

5. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the compensated equivalent average total volatile matter concentration includes: Read the detection data from the volatile organic compound sensor array installed inside the greenhouse, and calculate the median value of the array after humidity compensation for each of the detection data; Remove outliers that deviate from the midpoint of the array by more than the error ratio, and calculate the arithmetic mean of the remaining valid detection data; Subtracting the background volatile concentration from the arithmetic mean yields the compensated equivalent total volatile concentration. If the subtraction result is less than zero, the compensated equivalent total volatile concentration is treated as zero.

6. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before activating the directional leaf cooling component and the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array, the following parameters must be met simultaneously: The median dry-bulb temperature of the canopy air of the fruit tree seedlings was at least 1.5°C higher than the monitored leaf temperature of the fruit tree seedlings. The leaf temperature of the fruit seedlings was at least 1.0°C lower than that of the associated plants. The leaf temperature of the fruit seedlings was monitored to be at least 1.0°C lower than the inner surface temperature of the greenhouse covering film; The average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation is greater than or equal to the effective concentration threshold of the volatiles; The leaf surface moisture index is less than 10%.

7. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of adjusting the micro-mist output includes: The dew point temperature of the forest fruit seedling canopy air is calculated in real time based on the median dry bulb temperature and median relative humidity of the forest fruit seedling canopy air. By adjusting the duty cycle of the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and the air supply power of the directional leaf cooling component, the dew point temperature of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings is controlled within a set temperature difference range that is higher than the temperature of the monitored leaves of the fruit seedlings. Once the leaf surface moisture index is detected by the leaf surface moisture sensor installed inside the greenhouse to rise continuously and reach the condensation confirmation value, the leaf surface moisture duration is accumulated, and the leaf surface moisture index is controlled within the target control range until the condensation control time ends.

8. The ecological regulation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, If any of the following abnormal states occur before the end of the condensation control time, the power supply to the ultrasonic micro-mist humidification array and the directional leaf cooling component will be cut off and the system will shut down: The relative humidity of the air in the canopy of the fruit tree seedlings reached 95%; The inner surface temperature of the greenhouse covering film or the leaf temperature of the associated plants is lower than the dew point temperature of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings; The leaf surface moisture index reached 85%; The average concentration of the equivalent total volatiles after compensation is lower than the effective concentration threshold of the volatiles for two consecutive detection cycles.

9. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of dehumidifying based on the indoor-outdoor dew point difference and restoring the conventional growth control program after the relative humidity of the canopy air and the leaf surface moisture index of the fruit seedlings drop to the recovery threshold includes: Obtain the indoor dew point temperature of the canopy height of fruit seedlings and the outdoor dew point temperature outside the greenhouse; When the ventilation equipment is in normal condition, and the difference between the indoor dew point temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature difference for switching the dehumidification path, the forced ventilation dehumidification path is selected, the skylight and side windows are opened, and the variable frequency negative pressure fan is started. When the ventilation equipment is in normal condition and the difference between the indoor dew point temperature and the outdoor dew point temperature is less than the temperature difference for switching the dehumidification path, the closed condensation dehumidification path is selected, the skylight and the side window are closed, and the condensation dehumidifier and the greenhouse circulation fan are started. During the dehumidification process, when the relative humidity of the canopy air of the fruit seedlings drops below 65% and the leaf surface moisture index drops below 10%, and this is maintained for three consecutive sampling cycles, it is confirmed that the recovery threshold has been reached, and the normal growth control program is restored.

10. The ecological regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before reaching the reference acquisition node, perform the following steps: The target pest and disease identifiers for the current period are determined based on the variety of fruit seedlings, the species of associated plants, the current date, sunrise and sunset times, and the average temperature and humidity over the past 24 hours. The system calls the corresponding relationship table to obtain the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window corresponding to the target pest and disease identifier, and uses the start time of the targeted ecological suppression window as a benchmark to subtract the advance amount required for each control link to generate the benchmark acquisition node, the pre-intervention node and the ventilation boundary latching node.

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