A wind simulation real-time measurement method and system based on three-dimensional digital twinning

Abstract

The application provides a wind simulation real-time measurement method and system based on three-dimensional digital twinning, which comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional digital twinning scene containing photovoltaic components, and dividing the component panel into multiple stress subareas; for the flexible support, pre-solve the elastic deformation of the support under different preset wind directions and wind force levels to form a deformation lookup table containing the inclination deflection amount of each stress subarea. During operation, the corresponding inclination deflection amount is read according to the wind direction input and the wind force level input, the initial surface normal vector of each stress subarea is rotated and corrected, and the stress value is calculated in combination with the wind direction unit vector, the wind speed parameter and the subarea area. Finally, the stress value is normalized and mapped to a color level to update the panel material display. The application can maintain the real-time response capability of the three-dimensional scene while reflecting the actual panel posture after the wind-induced deformation of the flexible support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments in this specification generally relate to the field of simulation technology, and in particular to a method and system for real-time wind simulation based on three-dimensional digital twins. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing number of photovoltaic projects in mountainous and complex terrain areas, long-span flexible supports are being used due to their strong spanning capacity and flexible foundation layout. However, their structures are characterized by lightweight, low stiffness, and low damping, making them highly sensitive to wind loads. Changes in wind speed, wind direction, and module tilt angle can all cause significant deflection, vibration, and local attitude changes. Existing digital systems for photovoltaic power plants have gradually adopted 3D modeling, digital twins, and visualization monitoring technologies for equipment status display, operational analysis, and maintenance management. For the wind-induced response of flexible supports, wind tunnel tests, finite element analysis, or fluid-structure interaction calculations are typically used for evaluation. While these methods can reflect the wind-induced state of the structure in detail, the calculation process and model solving volume are large, making them difficult to directly apply to 3D interactive scenarios requiring rapid changes in wind direction and wind conditions. Some real-time wind simulations still calculate the windward relationship based on the initial panel attitude of the modules, failing to fully consider the changes in the tilt angle and normal vector of the local panels after wind deformation of the flexible supports. This can easily lead to inconsistencies between the local windwardness and stress distribution and the actual deformation state. Therefore, how to balance the wind-induced deformation characteristics of flexible supports, the accuracy of stress calculation, and the real-time response capability in three-dimensional scenes remains a problem that existing technologies need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a method and system for real-time wind simulation based on three-dimensional digital twins, which at least solves some of the technical problems existing in the related technologies described above.

[0004] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for real-time wind simulation based on three-dimensional digital twins is provided, including: Establish a three-dimensional digital twin scene containing photovoltaic modules, divide the surface of the photovoltaic modules into several stress zones, and record the area and initial surface normal vector of each stress zone. For photovoltaic modules using flexible supports, the elastic deformation of the supports is calculated for each preset wind direction and each wind speed according to the structural parameters of the supports. The tilt angle deflection at each stress zone is extracted and organized into a deformation lookup table. Receive wind direction input and wind speed setting input, generate wind direction unit vector and wind speed parameters; according to the wind direction input and the wind speed setting input, read the tilt angle deflection of each stress zone from the deformation lookup table; with the initial surface normal vector of each stress zone as the reference, rotate around the support span direction according to the tilt angle deflection to obtain the corrected surface normal vector; The windward coefficient of each stress zone is calculated based on the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector, and the stress value of each stress zone is calculated based on the windward coefficient, the wind speed parameter and the area; the stress value of each stress zone is normalized, the normalization result is mapped to a color level and the material display of the photovoltaic module panel is updated.

[0005] Optionally, the solution for the elastic deformation of the support includes: selecting a structural mechanics model based on the constraint method of the support; calculating the distributed load along the span direction of the support based on the wind pressure, the load-bearing width of the plate and the drag coefficient corresponding to each wind speed; applying the distributed load to the structural mechanics model to solve for the cross-sectional rotation angle at each stress zone location; and using the cross-sectional rotation angle as the tilt deflection amount.

[0006] Optionally, the deformation lookup table uses the normalized position of each stress zone along the span of the support as the row index and the wind speed as the column index. Each cell stores the tilt deflection and vertical deflection at the corresponding position and speed. Each preset wind direction corresponds to an independent deformation lookup table.

[0007] Optionally, the span direction of the support is the direction of the line connecting the support points at both ends of the support; the rotation adopts the Rodriguez rotation formula, with the unit vector in the span direction of the support as the rotation axis and the tilt angle as the rotation angle, and performs a three-dimensional rotation on the initial surface normal vector to obtain the corrected surface normal vector.

[0008] Optionally, the calculation of the windward coefficient of each stress zone includes: taking the dot product of the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector; when the dot product value is positive, using the dot product value as the windward coefficient; when the dot product value is zero or negative, taking the windward coefficient as zero.

[0009] Optionally, it also includes: reading the vertical deflection of each stress zone from the deformation lookup table, applying displacement offset to the vertices of the photovoltaic module panel grid according to the vertical deflection, and superimposing the displacement offset onto the display position of each vertex without modifying the original geometric data of the panel grid.

[0010] Optionally, when the wind speed input corresponds to a speed between two adjacent stored speeds in the deformation lookup table, linear interpolation is performed on the tilt deflection corresponding to the two adjacent stored speeds to obtain the tilt deflection of each force zone under the wind speed input.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes: performing a range check on the tilt deflection of each stress zone in the deformation lookup table; when the absolute value of the tilt deflection exceeds the structural deformation safety threshold determined according to the allowable deflection-span ratio of the support, marking the corresponding stress zone as an over-limit deformation state, and superimposing and distinguishing the stress zones in the over-limit deformation state during the color mapping stage.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes: when responding to the clear command, restoring the corrected surface normal vector of each force zone to the initial surface normal vector, clearing the displacement offset of the grid vertices on the panel to zero, restoring the initial material parameters of the photovoltaic module, and clearing the selection state of the current wind direction input and wind speed input.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a real-time wind simulation and measurement system based on three-dimensional digital twins is provided, comprising: The scene creation module is used to create a three-dimensional digital twin scene containing photovoltaic modules, divide the surface of the photovoltaic modules into several stress zones, and record the area and initial surface normal vector of each stress zone. The deformation lookup table construction module is used to solve the elastic deformation of the support for photovoltaic modules using flexible supports based on the structural parameters of the support for each preset wind direction and each wind speed, extract the tilt angle deflection at each stress zone position, and organize it into a deformation lookup table. The normal vector correction module is used to receive wind direction input and wind speed setting input, generate wind direction unit vector and wind speed parameters; read the tilt angle deflection of each stress zone from the deformation lookup table according to the wind direction input and the wind speed setting input; and rotate the initial surface normal vector of each stress zone around the span direction of the support according to the tilt angle deflection to obtain the corrected surface normal vector. The stress calculation and display module is used to calculate the windward coefficient of each stress zone based on the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector, and to calculate the stress value of each stress zone based on the windward coefficient, the wind speed parameter and the area; normalize the stress value of each stress zone, map the normalization result to a color level and update the material display of the photovoltaic module panel. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a real-time wind simulation method based on a three-dimensional digital twin, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the local normal vector correction and force relationship under the deformation of the support according to an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the synchronous display of photovoltaic module panel deflection according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the green force indication under low-grade wind conditions according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing a red high-stress area in the component according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of a real-time wind simulation and measurement system based on three-dimensional digital twins.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] This embodiment uses a mountain photovoltaic power station as the application scenario. The 3D scene includes environmental elements such as mountain terrain, surface vegetation, sky, and sunlight. The photovoltaic module array is arranged on a ridge or slope. The module consists of a panel, frame, support, and foundation. The orientation and tilt angle of the panel are determined according to the sunlight conditions. The support type involved in this embodiment is a flexible support, that is, a structural form with a large span and relatively low cross-sectional stiffness, such as a cable truss support or a flexible steel beam support. This type of support undergoes elastic flexural deformation under wind load, and the local tilt angle of the panel changes with the wind force. The system uses Unreal Engine 5 as the running platform and employs Blueprint nodes, Dynamic Material Instances, and Particle Systems to organize interaction and display functions. The operation panel provides at least two wind direction selections, such as southeast and southwest winds, with each wind direction configured with 10 wind force levels from level 1 to level 10+.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a real-time wind simulation method based on a three-dimensional digital twin, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S1: Solve the elastic deformation of the support for each preset wind direction and each wind speed and organize it into a deformation lookup table.

[0025] In some embodiments, a three-dimensional digital twin scene and a stress zoning of photovoltaic modules are established. Specifically, upon system startup, mountain terrain, surface materials, vegetation, sky, and light resources are loaded to form a spatial reference environment. Photovoltaic modules are loaded as digital twin objects, each assigned a unique identifier (twinId), and its position and rotation matrix in world coordinates are stored. The panel's length and width, tilt angle, and orientation are specified. The panel surface is divided into several stress zones, each storing a zone identifier (regionId) and the world coordinates of its center point. ,area Surface outward normal vector in local coordinate system and material index. The system uses the rotation matrix. Convert the local normal vector to the initial surface normal vector in world coordinates:

[0026] in Let be the 3rd order rotation matrix of the component. This is a vector normalization operation; That is, the surface normal vector of the partition under windless conditions, a dimensionless unit vector.

[0027] For flexible scaffold components, the digital twin object also preserves the scaffold span. (Distance between the two support points, in meters), material elastic modulus (Unit: Pa, e.g., Q235 steel) Pa), moment of inertia of the cross section (unit: m) 4 (Determined by the cross-sectional geometry, which can be read from the structural design documents). Unit vector in the span direction of the support. It is obtained by normalizing the direction of the line connecting the two support points. It is calculated and cached during initialization and used as the rotation axis in the subsequent normal vector rotation correction.

[0028] In some embodiments, after a user clicks the wind direction button, the system will assign the corresponding wind direction angle. Write the wind field state and generate a unit wind direction vector. Click on the wind speed setting. Then, the gear position is mapped to the wind speed parameter. The mapping relationship can be adopted. ,in Base wind speed (unit: m / s) This refers to the gear increment coefficient (unit: m / s), both of which are calibrated based on meteorological data and wind force standards for the region where the scene is located. For example... m / s m / s. The wind direction unit vector and wind speed parameters are simultaneously sent to the force calculation and particle display stages.

[0029] In existing three-dimensional digital twin wind simulation systems, once the wind field input is determined, the initial surface normal vector is directly used. Calculate the windward coefficient of each stress zone. Under high wind conditions, the elastic deformation of the flexible support changes the tilt angle of the panel, causing a deviation between the initial surface normal vector and the actual attitude of the panel, which in turn leads to systematic distortion of the windward coefficient and the stress color distribution. This embodiment adds a normal vector correction step before the stress calculation, consisting of three stages: offline deformation pre-calculation, runtime normal vector correction, and synchronous visualization of panel deformation.

[0030] In some embodiments, the deformation lookup table creation stage is performed offline before system deployment. For each type of flexible support in the scenario, the elastic deformation of the support is pre-calculated under various wind speeds. The tilt angle deflection and vertical deflection at each stress zone location are organized into a deformation lookup table. The tilt angle deflection refers to the angle of deflection of the plate surface at a certain location relative to the initial windless state. The deformation lookup table refers to a data table with zone location and wind speed as two-dimensional indexes and the structural deformation at the corresponding location as the storage value.

[0031] Specifically, a simplified structural mechanics model is selected based on the constraint method of the support: a simply supported beam model is used for supports hinged at both ends, and a continuous beam model is used for supports with multiple points of support. Taking a simply supported beam as an example, the required parameter is the span. Moment of inertia of cross section and elastic modulus All parameters are read from the digital twin object, with boundary conditions that the vertical displacement at both ends is zero and they can rotate freely. Optionally, for cable truss type supports, a cable element model can be used, with the pretension and cross-sectional area parameters of the cables increased, and the solution can be obtained using nonlinear iterative methods in structural engineering; in the same scenario, components of different support types use their respective corresponding mechanical models.

[0032] For example, the cable element model uses catenary elements or three-node parabolic line elements, and the required input parameters include the elastic modulus of the cable. (Unit: Pa, can be read from design documents), cross-sectional area (Unit: m²) Initial pretension (Unit: N, based on design tensile stress) and Calculation of the product, (Take 70%~80% of the design value), cable unit length self-weight (Unit: N / m).

[0033] In this process, an incremental equilibrium equation is established for each cable. ,in Here is the material tangent stiffness matrix. The geometric stiffness matrix is... For the node displacement increment, This represents the load increment. Specifically, the Newton-Raphson iterative method is used to solve the problem, and the convergence criterion is the L2 norm of the nodal displacement increment vector. The second norm of m and the unbalanced force vector N. Pretension parameters Read from the design Params field of the component's digital twin object. If the field is empty, fall back to the simply supported beam model for approximate calculation and record the degradation processing information in the log.

[0034] In some embodiments, each wind speed setting configured by the system is used as a pre-calculated operating condition. For the first... The gear setting is determined by the corresponding wind speed. Calculate wind pressure:

[0035] in The value is the air density (unit: kg / m³), taken as 1.225 under standard atmospheric conditions, and corrected for altitude in high-altitude scenarios. This is the wind speed (in m / s) corresponding to this gear setting. The dimension of is Pa.

[0036] Wind pressure is transmitted from the slab surface to the support structure, forming a distributed load along the span direction, with a linear density of:

[0037] in The drag coefficient can be determined from building structural load codes or wind tunnel test data based on the component type, with a typical range of 0.8 to 1.5. The load-bearing width of the plate along the direction perpendicular to the span (in meters). It is the dot product of the average normal vector of the plate surface and the wind direction in the initial state, reflecting the initial angle relationship between the wind direction and the plate surface. This refers to the wind load borne per unit length of the support structure.

[0038] Different wind directions generate different distributed loads on the same support. Taking southeast and southwest winds as examples, the angles between the wind and the slab surface are different. The value changes accordingly, and even under the same wind speed, the load distribution in the two directions is different, resulting in different deformation distributions. This is why each preset wind direction needs to be solved independently.

[0039] In one embodiment, Applying this to the simply supported beam model, calculate the vertical deflection and section rotation at each location using the standard analytical formulas of mechanics of materials:

[0040]

[0041] in This is the distance (in meters) from the left support point along the span direction. Vertical deflection (unit: m). The angle of rotation is denoted by rad. Both of the above formulas are standard formulas in mechanics of materials. For continuous beam models, the deflection and rotation of each span are solved using the three-moment equation method or the direct stiffness method, which will not be elaborated here.

[0042] Among them, the cross-sectional angle That is, the first The tilt angle deflection of each stress zone under this working condition Vertical deflection Recorded as This will be used for visualizing plate deformation.

[0043] As an example, take the span m、 N·m² (corresponding to a flexible steel beam with low cross-sectional stiffness), under load conditions of level 10+ N / m, then the section rotation angle at the left end support point rad, approximately 1.72°; the rotation angle at the mid-span section is 0°, and the vertical deflection is... m, approximately 23.4 mm. The deflection and deflection of the flexible support under high wind conditions are both considerable values.

[0044] In some embodiments, the pre-calculation results for all working conditions are organized into a deformation lookup table. The row index of the table is the normalized position of each stress zone along the span of the support. (Values ​​range from 0 to 1), the column index is the wind speed level number, and each cell stores the tilt deflection amount at the corresponding position and speed. (unit: °) and vertical deflection (Unit: mm). Each preset wind direction corresponds to an independent deformation lookup table.

[0045] Taking the southeast wind direction and the aforementioned flexible steel beam support as an example, the data in the lookup table is shown in Table 1 below, in the following format: (°) / (mm): Table 1

[0046] Specifically, the data in Table 1 conforms to the deformation characteristics of a simply supported beam: the deflection is zero at the support point but the absolute value of the section rotation angle is the largest; the deflection is the largest at mid-span but the section rotation angle is zero; and the rotation angles at both ends have opposite signs. The number of rows in the lookup table is the same as or greater than the number of stress zones (if greater, values ​​at specific locations are obtained through linear interpolation), and the number of columns is consistent with the number of wind speed settings. The lookup table data volume is very small, calculated based on 20 zones, 10 speed settings, and 2 wind directions per component. Each floating-point number, approximately 3.2KB, is stored in a lookup table along with the component's digital twin object.

[0047] Optionally, after loading the lookup table, the system performs an integrity check on the data. The tilt angle deflection of each partition should change continuously along the span direction, and the difference between adjacent partitions should not exceed a preset smoothing threshold (set according to the ratio of partition spacing to span). The absolute value of all deflections should not exceed the structural deformation safety threshold (see the parameter verification section below). If the conditions are not met, the lookup table is marked as abnormal, and the system reverts to the mode without correcting the normal vector during runtime.

[0048] Step S2: Read the tilt angle deflection from the deformation lookup table and correct the surface normal vector.

[0049] After the user selects the wind direction and wind speed, but before the system performs force calculations, the surface normal vectors of each force zone are corrected according to the deformation lookup table to ensure that the windward coefficient reflects the actual attitude of the panel under the current wind force. This correction step is embedded in the existing event processing flow, occurring after the wind field parameters are updated and before the force traversal calculations.

[0050] In one embodiment, the system locates the corresponding deformation lookup table based on the current wind direction input, and then inputs the wind speed level. Read the tilt deflection of each partition and vertical deflection When the wind speed setting corresponds one-to-one with the column index of the lookup table, it is read directly. In some embodiments, when the wind speed setting input corresponds to two adjacent stored settings in the modified lookup table... and When the time interval is between two adjacent stored gear positions, perform linear interpolation on the tilt angle deflection corresponding to each gear position:

[0051] in For dimensionless interpolation coefficients, vertical deflection is interpolated in the same way.

[0052] In one embodiment, the corrected surface normal vector is obtained by rotating about the span direction of the support by an angular deflection. Specifically, for each stress zone, the initial surface normal vector is used as the reference vector. Based on the reference, the tilt angle is calculated about the span of the support. Rotate to obtain the corrected surface normal vector. The span direction of the support is the direction of the line connecting the two end support points of the support, and its unit vector is... It has been calculated and cached during the initialization phase.

[0053] Specifically, the rotation calculation uses the Rodriguez rotation formula, with As the axis of rotation, For rotation angle:

[0054] in, Let be the initial surface normal vector of the i-th partition; It is the axis of rotation; When substituting trigonometric functions, use radians as the unit; For vector cross product, This is the dot product of vectors. The Rodrigues rotation formula is a standard method for rotating vectors about any axis in three-dimensional space, applicable to any rotation angle.

[0055] In actual implementation The value is typically in the range of 0 to 3°. (Approximately 0.03 rad) as an example, , In the third item The corrected normal vector has a small angle deflection relative to the initial normal vector. The correction for each partition involves only one table lookup and several vector multiplication and addition operations. With 20 partitions, the total number of floating-point operations for the correction is about 300 to 400, and the execution time is on the order of microseconds.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the local normal vector correction and force relationship under the deformation of the support according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module is divided into stress zone 1, stress zone 2, stress zone 3, etc. along the span of the support structure. The wind direction input forms a wind direction unit vector. The wind load causes the initial panel surface to change from a windless state to the actual posture after wind-induced deformation. Taking stress zone 2 as an example, the tilt angle deflection is read from the deformation lookup table. With the span of the support structure as the rotation axis, the initial surface normal vector is corrected to the corrected surface normal vector. Then, the windward coefficient is obtained based on the dot product of the normal vector and the wind direction unit vector. Combined with the wind speed parameter and area, the stress value is calculated to obtain the stress result of stress zone 2.

[0057] In one embodiment, the windward coefficient and force value are calculated based on the corrected surface normal vector. Specifically, after the normal vector is corrected, the corrected surface normal vector is taken. Unit vector of wind direction The dot product value; when the dot product value is positive, the dot product value is used as the windward coefficient. When the dot product is zero or negative, the windward coefficient is set to zero.

[0058] Windward projection area (Unit: m²) Wind pressure (Unit: Pa), force value (Unit: N). The above formulas are the same as the original system, the difference being... Use the modified surface normal vector.

[0059] As an example, suppose the initial surface normal vector of a certain partition is... Unit vector of wind direction The dot product is 0.45, meaning the initial frontal coefficient is 0.45. Under load condition 10+, the tilt deflection is read from the deformation lookup table. After rotation correction and The dot product becomes 0.52, and the windward coefficient increases from 0.45 to 0.52, an increase of approximately 16%. The stress value is directly proportional to the windward coefficient; a corresponding increase in stress value in this zone may cause it to move from the green area to the yellow area during normalization and color mapping. Conversely, some zones move away from the wind direction due to panel deflection, resulting in a corresponding decrease in both the windward coefficient and the stress value. This redistribution of stress caused by support deformation cannot be reflected using only the initial surface normal vector, yet this is precisely the information users are most concerned about under high wind conditions.

[0060] The corrected surface normal vector is written into the current world coordinate normal vector field in the partition data. This ensures that the normal vector recorded in the working condition snapshot is consistent with the normal vector used in the force calculation; initial local coordinate normal vector It remains unchanged.

[0061] In some embodiments, when a user rapidly and continuously switches wind speeds, the system processes concurrent operations based on a state version number mechanism. Each speed switch generates a new version number, and the normal vector correction and force calculation only process the latest version input, discarding intermediate states with version numbers lower than the current version.

[0062] Step S3: Read the vertical deflection from the deformation lookup table and apply displacement offset to the vertices of the plate mesh.

[0063] The normal vector correction alters the normal vector used in the stress calculation. However, if the 3D display of the slab surface retains its initial flatness, the slab orientation seen by the user will be inconsistent with the deformation state upon which the stress calculation is based. This step utilizes the vertical deflection data from the deformation lookup table to synchronously reflect the slab surface deformation on the 3D display. The bending of the flexible support under wind load is a small deformation within the elastic range, and the vertical deflection directly reflects the vertical settlement amplitude at each location.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the synchronous display of photovoltaic module panel deflection according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the original geometric data of the photovoltaic module panel grid remains unchanged. Stress zones 1, 2, and 3 are divided along the span of the support structure using normalized positions. The deformation lookup table uses positions such as 0, 0.25, and 0.50, and wind speed levels 1, 2 to 10+, with each cell storing the tilt deflection θ and vertical deflection ζ. After reading the vertical deflections ζ1, ζ2, and ζ3 of each stress zone, displacement offsets are applied to the vertices of the panel grid and superimposed onto the display position, causing the deformed panel grid to deviate from the original panel position shown by the dashed line. Simultaneously, the stress values ​​of each stress zone are represented by color levels from smallest to largest.

[0065] In some embodiments, the vertical deflection is read and the vertex displacement offset is calculated. Specifically, the system reads the vertical deflection of each stress zone from a deformation lookup table. (Already obtained when reading the tilt angle deflection,) this is used as the displacement offset of the corresponding grid vertex of the partition along the load direction. When there are multiple grid vertices within the partition, the displacement is determined based on the normalized position of each vertex along the span direction. Linear interpolation between adjacent rows in the lookup table yields the specific deflection value at that vertex. The displacement direction is taken in the opposite direction to the normal to the plate surface, i.e., the load causes the plate surface to bend on the leeward side.

[0066] In one embodiment, the displacement offset is superimposed onto the vertex display position. Specifically, the vertex displacement offset is implemented through the world position offset node of the Unreal Engine 5 material system. This node superimposes the input offset vector onto the vertex display position during the vertex shading stage, without modifying the original geometry data of the mesh. The offset is passed in as a dynamic material parameter, which is updated along with the force color parameter each time the wind speed changes. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the green force indication under low-grade wind conditions according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing a red high-stress area in the component according to an embodiment of this application.

[0067] Under high wind conditions, the slab surface exhibits an arc-shaped bend, with the largest subsidence occurring in the mid-span region. The support positions at both ends remain unchanged, and the bending shape matches the deflection curve of a simply supported beam under uniformly distributed load. The stress color is superimposed on the deformed slab surface, with the color distribution corresponding to the visible bending shape. Optionally, when the camera is far from the component, the system disables vertex offset to reduce rendering overhead, retaining only the stress color after normal vector correction; when the camera is close to the component, vertex offset is restored, and layer switching does not change the stress calculation results.

[0068] In some embodiments, the force values ​​of each force-bearing zone After the calculation is completed, the system normalizes the force values ​​of all partitions:

[0069] in and These are the minimum and maximum force values ​​(in N) in this calculation. Non-zero protection quantity (e.g., take) N), to prevent the denominator from being zero; This is a dimensionless normalized result, with values ​​ranging from 0 to 1. When Less than At that time, the stress difference between each zone is minimal, so a uniform intermediate color is used.

[0070] Among them, the normalization result Linear interpolation is performed in the color gradient table, mapping it to color levels. The color gradient table has four control points, as shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0071] in and The color boundary threshold satisfies It can be configured as follows: , During the deployment phase, the calibration is based on the display effect. Dynamic material instances are received. Linear interpolation is performed between adjacent control points to generate RGB color values, which are then written to the corresponding partitions. Material updates employ a double-buffering approach: first, all partition colors for the current round are written to the array to be submitted; after all calculations are completed, a unified submission is initiated, triggering a material refresh to prevent the mixing of old and new colors.

[0072] In one embodiment, the particle system uses a wind direction unit vector. The initial velocity direction of the particles is used as the emission point, located upstream of the photovoltaic module. The magnitude of the initial particle velocity, the number of particles emitted, and their lifespan monotonically increase with the wind speed setting, represented by a white trajectory indicating the airflow path. The wind direction and speed parameters received by the particle system use the same set of data as those used in the force calculations.

[0073] In one embodiment, when a user clicks the clear button to trigger a reset operation, the system stops the continuous wind field update event, stops particle emission and clears particle instances; and restores the corrected surface normal vectors of each force zone to the initial surface normal vectors. The process involves: clearing the displacement offset of the grid vertices on the panel to zero, restoring the panel to its initial flat shape; restoring the initial material parameters of the photovoltaic module; clearing the force array and wind field input state, and removing the current selection state of the wind direction input and wind speed input. The normal vector restoration and displacement offset clearing are two new operations added to the original reset procedure in this embodiment. After the reset is complete, the user can reselect the wind direction and speed to conduct a new round of calculations.

[0074] In some embodiments, when loading the deformation lookup table, the system performs a range check on the tilt deflection of each stress zone. The upper limit of the absolute value of the tilt deflection is the structural deformation safety threshold, which is determined based on the allowable deflection-to-span ratio of the support. Taking a simply supported beam as an example, the allowable deflection-to-span ratio is typically taken as... For span The maximum mid-span deflection for a support with a span of m is 50mm. The relationship between rotation angle and deflection under uniformly distributed load on a simply supported beam is given. Substituting into The angle is approximately 1.38° (rad). Considering margins, the structural deformation safety threshold can be configured, for example, to be 3°. The actual value will be calibrated during deployment according to the specific support type and design specifications. When the absolute value of the tilt deflection exceeds this structural deformation safety threshold, the system will mark the corresponding stress zone as being in an over-limit deformation state. This means the pre-calculated deformation exceeds the applicable range of the elastic small deformation theory. During the color mapping stage, stripes are superimposed on the stress zones marked as being in an over-limit deformation state to distinguish them from the normal stress colors, prompting the user to pay attention.

[0075] When photovoltaic modules use rigid supports, the supports have high stiffness and wind-induced deformation is minimal. In the deformation lookup table, all tilt angle deflections and vertical deflections are zero, and the corrected surface normal vector obtained after rotation is the same as the initial surface normal vector. , When the Rodriguez formula degenerates into an identity transformation, the vertex displacement offset is zero, the system behavior is completely consistent with that without any correction, and no additional computational overhead is added.

[0076] In one embodiment, during the force calculation process, the system intercepts the following anomalies: partition area. Skip the partition when the value is zero or negative; skip when the normal vector length is zero; limit to zero when the wind speed is negative; normalized denominator is less than 0. A uniform intermediate color is used. Abnormal partitions are not included in the normalized extreme value statistics, and the valid displays from the previous round are retained or marked as pending configuration.

[0077] This method pre-calculates the elastic deformation of the flexible support under various wind directions and speeds in an offline phase and stores it as a deformation lookup table. During runtime, it reads the tilt deflection from the lookup table based on the current wind speed, performs a rotation correction on the initial surface normal vector using the Rodriguez rotation formula, and then participates in the calculation of the windward coefficient and force value. This ensures that the color distribution of the zoned force under high wind conditions reflects the changes in the panel attitude caused by support deformation. The lookup table lookup and vector rotation calculations are minimal and do not affect the interactive response speed. Panel deformation is displayed synchronously through vertex displacement offset, making the color distribution correspond to the visible bending shape. For rigid supports, it automatically degenerates to the original calculation mode, making it compatible with application scenarios of different support types.

[0078] Accordingly, Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of a real-time wind simulation and measurement system based on three-dimensional digital twins. The system includes: Scene creation module 601 is used to create a three-dimensional digital twin scene containing photovoltaic modules, divide the surface of the photovoltaic modules into several stress zones, and record the area and initial surface normal vector of each stress zone. The deformation lookup table construction module 602 is used to solve the elastic deformation of the support for each preset wind direction and each wind speed according to the structural parameters of the support for photovoltaic modules using flexible supports, extract the tilt angle deflection at each stress zone position, and organize it into a deformation lookup table. The normal vector correction module 603 is used to receive wind direction input and wind speed setting input, generate wind direction unit vector and wind speed parameters; read the tilt angle deflection of each stress zone from the deformation lookup table according to the wind direction input and the wind speed setting input; and rotate the initial surface normal vector of each stress zone around the support span direction according to the tilt angle deflection to obtain the corrected surface normal vector. The stress calculation and display module 604 is used to calculate the windward coefficient of each stress zone based on the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector, and to calculate the stress value of each stress zone based on the windward coefficient, the wind speed parameter and the area; to normalize the stress value of each stress zone, to map the normalization result to a color level and to update the material display of the photovoltaic module panel.

[0079] Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0080] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 7As shown, the computer device may include at least one processor 1010, a memory (e.g., non-volatile memory) 1020, a RAM 1030, and a communication interface 1040, and the at least one processor 1010, memory 1020, RAM 1030, and communication interface 1040 are connected together via a bus 1050. The at least one processor 1010 executes at least one computer-readable instruction (i.e., the elements implemented in software above) stored or encoded in the memory.

[0081] It should be understood that the computer-executable instructions stored in memory, when executed, cause at least one processor 1010 to perform the various operations and functions described in the various embodiments of this specification.

[0082] Specifically, a system or apparatus equipped with a readable storage medium may be provided, on which software program code implementing the functions of any of the embodiments described above is stored, and the computer or processor of the system or apparatus can read and execute the instructions stored in the readable storage medium.

[0083] In this case, the program code itself, which can be read from a readable medium, can perform the functions of any of the above embodiments. Therefore, the machine-readable code and the readable storage medium storing the machine-readable code constitute a part of the present invention.

[0084] Examples of readable storage media include floppy disks, hard disks, magneto-optical disks, optical disks (such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD-RW), magnetic tapes, non-volatile memory cards, and ROMs. Alternatively, program code can be downloaded from a server computer or the cloud via a communication network.

[0085] Not all steps and units in the above process and system structure diagrams are mandatory; some steps or units can be omitted as needed. The execution order of each step is not fixed and can be determined as required. The device structure described in the above embodiments can be a physical structure or a logical structure. That is, some units may be implemented by the same physical entity, or some units may be implemented by multiple physical entities, or they may be jointly implemented by certain components in multiple independent devices.

[0086] The term "exemplary" as used throughout this specification means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not imply that it is "preferred" or "advantageous" over other embodiments. Detailed descriptions are included for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these detailed descriptions. In some instances, well-known structures and apparatuses are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described embodiments.

[0087] The optional embodiments of the present specification have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present specification are not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present specification, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present specification.

[0088] The foregoing description of this specification is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement or use the content of this specification. Various modifications to the content of this specification will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of protection of this specification. Therefore, this specification is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is consistent with the widest scope of the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A real-time wind simulation and measurement method based on three-dimensional digital twins, characterized in that, include: Establish a three-dimensional digital twin scene containing photovoltaic modules, divide the surface of the photovoltaic modules into several stress zones, and record the area and initial surface normal vector of each stress zone. For photovoltaic modules using flexible supports, the elastic deformation of the supports is calculated for each preset wind direction and each wind speed according to the structural parameters of the supports. The tilt angle deflection at each stress zone is extracted and organized into a deformation lookup table. Receive wind direction input and wind speed setting input, and generate wind direction unit vector and wind speed parameters; Based on the wind direction input and the wind speed input, the tilt angle deflection of each force zone is read from the deformation lookup table; Using the initial surface normal vector of each stress zone as a reference, rotate it around the span direction of the support according to the tilt angle deflection to obtain the corrected surface normal vector; The windward coefficient of each stress zone is calculated based on the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector, and the stress value of each stress zone is calculated based on the windward coefficient, the wind speed parameter and the area; the stress value of each stress zone is normalized, the normalization result is mapped to a color level and the material display of the photovoltaic module panel is updated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of solving for the elastic deformation of the support includes: selecting a structural mechanics model based on the constraint method of the support; calculating the distributed load along the span direction of the support based on the wind pressure, the load-bearing width of the plate, and the drag coefficient corresponding to each wind speed; applying the distributed load to the structural mechanics model to solve for the cross-sectional rotation angle at each stress zone location; and using the cross-sectional rotation angle as the tilt deflection amount.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deformation lookup table uses the normalized position of each stress zone along the span of the support as the row index and the wind speed as the column index. Each cell stores the tilt deflection and vertical deflection at the corresponding position and speed. Each preset wind direction corresponds to an independent deformation lookup table.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The span direction of the support is the direction of the line connecting the support points at both ends of the support; the rotation adopts the Rodriguez rotation formula, with the unit vector in the span direction of the support as the rotation axis and the tilt angle as the rotation angle, and performs a three-dimensional rotation on the initial surface normal vector to obtain the corrected surface normal vector.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the windward coefficient of each stress zone includes: taking the dot product of the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector; when the dot product value is positive, using the dot product value as the windward coefficient; when the dot product value is zero or negative, taking the windward coefficient as zero.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: The vertical deflection of each stress zone is read from the deformation lookup table. The vertical deflection is used to apply displacement offset to the vertices of the photovoltaic module panel grid. The displacement offset is then superimposed on the display position of each vertex. The original geometric data of the panel grid is not modified.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the wind speed input corresponds to a speed between two adjacent stored speeds in the deformation lookup table, linear interpolation is performed on the tilt deflection corresponding to the two adjacent stored speeds to obtain the tilt deflection of each force zone under the wind speed input.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The tilt angle deflection of each stress zone in the deformation lookup table is checked for range. When the absolute value of the tilt angle deflection exceeds the structural deformation safety threshold determined according to the allowable deflection span ratio of the support, the corresponding stress zone is marked as an over-limit deformation state. In the color mapping stage, the stress zones in the over-limit deformation state are superimposed with distinguishing marks.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: When responding to the clear command, the corrected surface normal vectors of each force-bearing zone are restored to the initial surface normal vectors, the displacement offsets of the grid vertices on the panel are cleared to zero, the initial material parameters of the photovoltaic module are restored, and the current selection status of wind direction input and wind speed input is cleared.

10. A real-time wind simulation and measurement system based on three-dimensional digital twins, characterized in that, include: The scene creation module is used to create a three-dimensional digital twin scene containing photovoltaic modules, divide the surface of the photovoltaic modules into several stress zones, and record the area and initial surface normal vector of each stress zone. The deformation lookup table construction module is used to solve the elastic deformation of the support for photovoltaic modules using flexible supports based on the structural parameters of the support for each preset wind direction and each wind speed, extract the tilt angle deflection at each stress zone position, and organize it into a deformation lookup table. The normal vector correction module is used to receive wind direction input and wind speed setting input, generate wind direction unit vector and wind speed parameters; and read the tilt angle deflection of each force zone from the deformation lookup table according to the wind direction input and the wind speed setting input. Using the initial surface normal vector of each stress zone as a reference, rotate it around the span direction of the support according to the tilt angle deflection to obtain the corrected surface normal vector; The force calculation and display module is used to calculate the windward coefficient of each force-bearing zone based on the corrected surface normal vector and the wind direction unit vector, and to calculate the force value of each force-bearing zone based on the windward coefficient, the wind speed parameter and the area. The stress values ​​of each stress zone are normalized, and the normalization results are mapped to color levels to update the material display of the photovoltaic module panel.

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