A light top die space layout and environment optimization design method based on BIM simulation

Abstract

The application discloses a light top mold space layout and environment optimization design method based on BIM simulation, and the method comprises the following steps: establishing a BIM three-dimensional parameterized model of a light top mold and a surrounding environment and defining physical properties of a covering component material; performing three-dimensional voxel grid division on construction operations and personnel activity areas and giving environmental load parameters; performing dynamic simulation of sunshine radiation, and iteratively optimizing geometric shapes or functional partitions of the top covering component; importing the model after sunshine optimization into CFD simulation software, introducing a wind speed segmented exponential law formula based on top mold climbing absolute elevation adaptive updating of an atmospheric boundary layer, and re-calculating a wind field, thereby identifying a static wind area and performing integrated design of a ventilation cooling system and an anti-interference drainage pipe network; and outputting construction drawings and uploading a digital twin model for on-site closed-loop control. The application realizes dynamic integrated collaborative design of a top mold space and an environment, significantly improves a high-altitude operation environment, and improves construction safety and energy consumption efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, and specifically relates to a method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialized construction and intelligent construction, lightweight jacking formwork platforms, represented by "cloud-based construction factories," have been widely used in the construction of high-rise and prefabricated buildings. This large-scale construction equipment integrates structural support systems, material transportation systems, safety nets, and multi-level high-altitude work platforms, aiming to create a closed or semi-closed environment similar to a factory workshop for high-altitude construction operations.

[0003] However, in the early planning and structural design stages, traditional lightweight top-formwork platforms often focus excessively on structural mechanical performance, such as overall load-bearing capacity, stiffness, stability, and wind resistance, and on simple construction process integration, such as gantry crane track layout and construction robot operation path planning. This design approach neglects the environmental comfort and occupational health requirements of the semi-enclosed space inside the top-formwork platform, leading to the following significant technical defects in actual construction applications: Extremely harsh thermal environment: During construction in the high temperatures of summer, the metal roof of the top formwork platform absorbs a large amount of solar radiation. Combined with the surrounding sealed protective netting, this easily creates a severe "greenhouse effect" inside the platform. This causes the temperature in the construction work area and personnel activity area to rise sharply, with intense direct sunlight. This not only seriously endangers the health of workers at height and easily leads to occupational diseases such as heatstroke, but also significantly reduces construction efficiency and operational accuracy.

[0004] Poor airflow organization and pollutant accumulation: Because the existing lightweight top formwork platform did not undergo systematic aerodynamic and wind environment simulation during the early design phase, large areas of "still wind zones" or vortex zones have formed inside the platform, resulting in extremely slow air circulation. This not only further exacerbates the stuffy feeling of the high-altitude working environment, but also hinders the diffusion of welding fumes, humid and hot air released from concrete pouring, and other harmful gases, posing significant occupational health and safety hazards.

[0005] The spatial layout and environmental control facilities lack integrated coordination: Traditional sunshade, local ventilation, cooling, and rain protection measures are mostly added temporarily on-site according to actual conditions, lacking systematic planning during the design phase. This leads to frequent interference between temporary environmental facilities and the main structure or core construction routes of the top formwork. For example, temporary roof coverings may encroach on the operating space of the gantry crane; drainage pipe layouts may interfere with the main structural columns; and the placement of local fans may not be precisely matched to the core work areas of personnel, failing to achieve optimal coordination between space utilization and environmental control.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a scientific design method that can integrate, parameterize, and collaboratively optimize the macroscopic spatial functional layout of lightweight top formwork with microscopic operational environment control facilities during the early and mid-stages of design, in order to create a safe, comfortable, and highly efficient "factory-like" modern intelligent construction environment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a lightweight top formwork spatial layout and environmental optimization design method based on BIM simulation, aiming to solve the problems pointed out in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for optimizing the spatial layout and environment of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation includes the following steps: Step 1: Use BIM software to create a three-dimensional digital model of the lightweight top formwork. Define the solar radiation reflectivity, light transmittance, and waterproof performance parameters of the top covering components in the three-dimensional digital model, and import the geographical location information and surrounding environment model of the proposed project. Step 2: Delineate the construction operation area and personnel activity area in the three-dimensional digital model, and define the construction operation area and personnel activity area as spatial grids, assigning personnel density and operation time parameters to each spatial grid; Step 3: Import the three-dimensional digital model into the solar radiation analysis software to perform all-weather dynamic simulation of solar radiation, and obtain hourly shadow distribution maps and cumulative solar radiation distribution maps of the construction operation area and personnel activity area; when the cumulative solar radiation of any spatial grid exceeds the preset thermal radiation threshold, the three-dimensional digital model is iteratively optimized until the cumulative solar radiation of all spatial grids is lower than the thermal radiation threshold. Step 4: Import the completed 3D digital model of solar radiation optimization into computational fluid dynamics simulation software to simulate the wind field, and extract the area below the preset wind speed threshold in the flow field data as the calm wind zone; in the 3D digital model, configure the 3D coordinate position of the ventilation and cooling system in the calm wind zone, and determine the layout path of the rainproof and drainage pipes according to the spatial structure of the 3D digital model. Step 5: Export the completed simulation-optimized 3D digital model as construction drawings, and upload the 3D digital model with environmental simulation data as a digital twin to the cloud management platform.

[0009] Furthermore, in step one, the three-dimensional digital model of the lightweight top formwork includes the geometry of the main steel truss, supporting columns, hanging maintenance system, and top covering components.

[0010] Furthermore, in step two, the construction work area and personnel activity area specifically include a precast component hoisting area, a rebar binding area, a concrete placement area, and an inspection passage.

[0011] Furthermore, in step three, the meteorological boundary conditions for the all-weather dynamic simulation of solar radiation are set as typical summer high-temperature days in the project location.

[0012] Furthermore, in step three, the strategy for iteratively optimizing the three-dimensional digital model includes any one or more of the following combinations: Adjust the cantilever length and tilt angle of the top covering component, or add a lateral shielding component; The spatial grid positions where the personnel's work time parameters exceed the preset duration threshold are moved in the three-dimensional digital model to areas where the cumulative solar radiation is lower than the thermal radiation threshold. Replace the top covering component with a board material whose solar radiation reflectivity parameter is greater than a preset reflectivity threshold.

[0013] Furthermore, in step four, the wind field simulation boundary conditions of the computational fluid dynamics simulation software include the prevailing summer wind direction and average wind speed at the project site; the calm wind zone is identified by comprehensively analyzing the wind speed distribution cloud map and air age cloud map of the personnel activity area.

[0014] Furthermore, in step four, the ventilation and cooling system is a ventilation and cooling spray system comprising an axial flow fan, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle, and a water supply pipeline; the method also includes adjusting the orientation of the axial flow fan according to the simulated flow field distribution to guide airflow through the personnel activity area.

[0015] Furthermore, in step four, the method for determining the layout path of the rainproof drainage pipeline includes: setting the drainage slope, gutter, and downpipe in the three-dimensional digital model; and based on the spatial interference check of the model, ensuring that the layout path avoids personnel passages and equipment areas, and extends downward along the inner side of the supporting columns or brackets of the lightweight top formwork.

[0016] Furthermore, in step five, the three-dimensional digital model uploaded to the cloud management platform as a digital twin is used to automatically control the ventilation and cooling system during construction, in conjunction with on-site sensor data.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. This invention, through pre-emptive solar radiation control and aerodynamic wind environment simulation, can accurately identify the greenhouse effect core area and air stagnation area inside the top formwork platform. Through targeted spatial reconstruction and ventilation design, it can significantly reduce the internal ambient temperature and eliminate the accumulation of welding fumes, providing a healthier and more comfortable working environment for operators.

[0018] 2. This invention uses digital simulation technology to make key decisions such as the division of functional areas on the lightweight top formwork platform, the complex geometric parameters of the top shading components, and the spatial three-dimensional coordinate layout of the active fans and spray points. These decisions no longer rely on the subjective experience of designers or temporary on-site repairs, but are based entirely on the optimal solution obtained from precise quantitative analysis of multi-physics fields, thus ensuring the certainty of the environmental control effect.

[0019] 3. This invention takes BIM three-dimensional model as the core, and at the beginning of the design process, it puts the key elements of multiple disciplines such as main steel structure, functional building space, electromechanical water supply and drainage and ventilation sprinkler system on the same digital platform for overall planning and scheduling. Through automatic spatial interference check, it fundamentally eliminates the problems of pipeline collision, spatial overlap and functional contradiction caused by each system working independently in traditional design, which greatly improves design quality and on-site implementation efficiency.

[0020] 4. By controlling the microclimate inside the top formwork, this invention can significantly reduce the severity of the high-altitude working environment. This helps maintain the mental clarity and physical stability of frontline workers when performing complex high-altitude operations, greatly reducing the rate of operational errors and safety accidents caused by fatigue, heat, and restlessness, and ultimately improving the overall construction quality and speed of prefabricated buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present application and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for optimizing the spatial layout and environment of a lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation includes the following steps: Step 1: Use BIM software to create a three-dimensional digital model of the lightweight top formwork. Define the solar radiation reflectivity, light transmittance, and waterproof performance parameters of the top covering components in the three-dimensional digital model, and import the geographical location information and surrounding environment model of the proposed project. Step 2: Delineate the construction operation area and personnel activity area in the three-dimensional digital model, and define the construction operation area and personnel activity area as spatial grids, assigning personnel density and operation time parameters to each spatial grid; Step 3: Import the three-dimensional digital model into the solar radiation analysis software to perform all-weather dynamic simulation of solar radiation, and obtain hourly shadow distribution maps and cumulative solar radiation distribution maps of the construction operation area and personnel activity area; when the cumulative solar radiation of any spatial grid exceeds the preset thermal radiation threshold, the three-dimensional digital model is iteratively optimized until the cumulative solar radiation of all spatial grids is lower than the thermal radiation threshold. Step 4: Import the completed 3D digital model of solar radiation optimization into computational fluid dynamics simulation software to simulate the wind field, and extract the area below the preset wind speed threshold in the flow field data as the calm wind zone; in the 3D digital model, configure the 3D coordinate position of the ventilation and cooling system in the calm wind zone, and determine the layout path of the rainproof and drainage pipes according to the spatial structure of the 3D digital model. Step 5: Export the completed simulation-optimized 3D digital model as construction drawings, and upload the 3D digital model with environmental simulation data as a digital twin to the cloud management platform.

[0024] Furthermore, in step one, the three-dimensional digital model of the lightweight top formwork includes the geometry of the main steel truss, supporting columns, hanging maintenance system, and top covering components.

[0025] Furthermore, in step two, the construction work area and personnel activity area specifically include a precast component hoisting area, a rebar binding area, a concrete placement area, and an inspection passage.

[0026] Furthermore, in step three, the meteorological boundary conditions for the all-weather dynamic simulation of solar radiation are set as typical summer high-temperature days in the project location.

[0027] Furthermore, in step three, the strategy for iteratively optimizing the three-dimensional digital model includes any one or more of the following combinations: Adjust the cantilever length and tilt angle of the top covering component, or add a lateral shielding component; The spatial grid positions where the personnel's work time parameters exceed the preset duration threshold are moved in the three-dimensional digital model to areas where the cumulative solar radiation is lower than the thermal radiation threshold. Replace the top covering component with a board material whose solar radiation reflectivity parameter is greater than a preset reflectivity threshold.

[0028] Furthermore, in step four, the wind field simulation boundary conditions of the computational fluid dynamics simulation software include the prevailing summer wind direction and average wind speed at the project site; the calm wind zone is identified by comprehensively analyzing the wind speed distribution cloud map and air age cloud map of the personnel activity area.

[0029] Furthermore, in step four, the ventilation and cooling system is a ventilation and cooling spray system comprising an axial flow fan, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle, and a water supply pipeline; the method also includes adjusting the orientation of the axial flow fan according to the simulated flow field distribution to guide airflow through the personnel activity area.

[0030] Furthermore, in step four, the method for determining the layout path of the rainproof drainage pipeline includes: setting the drainage slope, gutter, and downpipe in the three-dimensional digital model; and based on the spatial interference check of the model, ensuring that the layout path avoids personnel passages and equipment areas, and extends downward along the inner side of the supporting columns or brackets of the lightweight top formwork.

[0031] Furthermore, in step five, the three-dimensional digital model uploaded to the cloud management platform as a digital twin is used to automatically control the ventilation and cooling system during construction, in conjunction with on-site sensor data.

[0032] In step one, using BIM 3D modeling software, a 3D digital model of the lightweight top formwork is established based on the initially determined main structure scheme. This model includes at least the geometry of the main steel truss, supporting columns, hanging maintenance system, and top covering or shading components. In the 3D digital model, the physical properties of the top covering components are defined, including setting the solar radiation reflectivity, light transmittance, and waterproof performance parameters of its materials. At the same time, the geographical location latitude and longitude information of the proposed project and the 3D digital model of the surrounding existing buildings or terrain are imported to establish an accurate surrounding environmental constraint body, which is used to accurately simulate the shading and reconstruction effects of the environment on sunlight and natural wind fields.

[0033] In step two, based on the preset construction process and functional division requirements, the core construction operation area and the main personnel activity area on the top formwork platform are initially delineated in the three-dimensional digital model, and specifically defined as a spatial grid containing specific geometric boundaries; each spatial grid is assigned corresponding personnel density attribute parameters, residence duration parameters, and operation time period parameters to provide benchmark environmental load data for subsequent multiphysics dynamic simulation analysis.

[0034] In step three: the three-dimensional digital model is imported into the solar radiation analysis software; the meteorological boundary conditions are set to the typical summer high-temperature day of the project location, such as the summer solstice; a 24-hour all-weather solar radiation dynamic simulation is run, and the calculation results are output; the hourly shadow distribution map and the solar radiation accumulation distribution map of each spatial grid defined in step two are extracted from the calculation results; a preset perceived thermal radiation threshold is introduced, and when the solar radiation accumulation of any spatial grid exceeds the thermal radiation threshold, the iterative optimization logic of geometric shape and functional partition is triggered. Adjustment strategies include: adjusting the cantilever length and tilt angle of the top covering components, or adding lateral shading components to provide effective shading for the target area during critical operating periods; The spatial grid locations where personnel work time parameters or stay duration exceed the preset duration are moved in the three-dimensional digital model to low-radiation shadow areas where solar radiation accumulation is more stable. Replace the top covering material with a heat insulation board whose solar radiation reflectance parameter is greater than the preset reflectance threshold; repeat the simulation and comparison adjustment until the cumulative solar radiation of all the spatial grids is lower than the heat radiation threshold.

[0035] In step four, the three-dimensional digital model adjusted and optimized in step three is imported into the computational fluid dynamics simulation software; meteorological boundary conditions are set, including the prevailing summer wind direction and average wind speed of the project location, and a three-dimensional flow field simulation is performed inside and around the lightweight top-mounted platform; in the simulation results, the wind speed distribution cloud map and air age cloud map of the personnel activity area are comprehensively analyzed, and the air stagnation area with flow velocity lower than the preset wind speed threshold and air age exceeding the preset time limit is identified and extracted as a calm wind area; Based on the identified still air zone spatial distribution, the three-dimensional coordinate positioning and layout of the ventilation and cooling spray system are carried out in the three-dimensional digital model. The system includes an axial flow fan, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle, and a water supply pipeline. The air outlet orientation and selection parameters of the axial flow fan are optimized according to the flow field cloud map to actively guide the airflow through the concentrated activity area of ​​personnel and improve the evaporation heat absorption and cooling efficiency of the high-pressure micro-mist. At the same time, based on the fully automatic spatial interference checking function of the three-dimensional digital model, the drainage pipeline layout path of the top rainproof covering component is planned in the model, and the drainage slope, gutter location, and downpipe route are set so that the drainage path completely avoids the work area and electrical equipment area. Moreover, the gutter and downpipe extend downward in an orderly manner along the inner side of the main structural columns or brackets of the top formwork to ensure that the multiple rainproof and drainage systems are coordinated and unified and do not interfere with each other.

[0036] In step five, the three-dimensional digital model determined after multiple rounds of iterative collaborative optimization of solar thermal radiation and CFD wind environment is locked as the final design result. A complete set of construction drawings is directly exported from the three-dimensional digital model, including optimized spatial functional zoning diagrams, detailed drawings of the fabrication and installation of top shading components, integrated water supply and drainage system layout diagrams, and three-dimensional isometric layout diagrams of ventilation, sprinkler, HVAC equipment and pipelines. Finally, the three-dimensional digital model containing spatial geometric information, material physical properties, and multi-physics field simulation performance data of solar wind field is uploaded to the cloud management platform as an initial digital twin. During construction, the cloud management platform receives environmental parameters collected in real time from various sensors deployed at the construction site, compares the actual environmental parameters with the simulation prediction data, and drives the ventilation and cooling system to perform automatic closed-loop control based on the comparison deviation.

[0037] As a further optimization of this embodiment of the invention, considering the dynamic construction characteristics of the lightweight top formwork continuously climbing upwards with the main building structure, this embodiment introduces an adaptive update mechanism for meteorological boundary conditions based on the climbing height in step four.

[0038] Existing conventional BIM or CFD analyses are mostly static simulations of fixed buildings, while lightweight top formwork is essentially a dynamically ascending giant construction device, with drastically different urban wind shear effects and solar shading boundaries from surrounding buildings at different absolute elevations. This embodiment fills the technical gap in static analysis in this field by introducing a dynamic linkage model.

[0039] The specific implementation method and linkage logic are as follows: First, a two-way data interaction interface is established between the BIM geometric model and the CFD mesh attributes. In the BIM model, the absolute elevation of the top formwork platform's foundation is set as a global dynamic variable. .

[0040] Secondly, a dynamic mathematical binding model for the wind speed profile is constructed. In the CFD simulation software, by calling user-defined functions or external control scripts, the average wind speed in the meteorological boundary conditions is linked to the global dynamic variable. Dynamic mathematical binding is performed. The distribution of the average wind speed in the atmospheric boundary layer is calculated using an exponential law formula: ; In the above formula: For height Wind speed at the location; Reference height The average wind speed observed by the weather station; It is the surface roughness index, and its value is related to the frictional characteristics of the surrounding terrain and landform of the construction site; In one specific implementation: densely populated urban areas =0.30; Suburbs, =0.22; open coastal area, =0.12.

[0041] Furthermore, a gradient wind height threshold is introduced. ; when hour, ; when hour, ;in, The gradient wind height corresponds to the topographic features of the construction site. The gradient wind speed.

[0042] In the actual implementation and physical execution process, the parameter update mechanism operates as follows: Each time the lightweight top formwork platform completes a hydraulic lifting operation, for example, climbing upwards by a standard floor height of 3m, the BIM system automatically updates its absolute elevation parameters. The value.

[0043] After the external control script reads the updated parameters in real time, it automatically triggers the following calculation instructions: based on the above exponential law formula, it recalculates the latest wind speed gradient parameters of the inlet boundary with height distribution at the current absolute elevation. The updated initial conditions of the flow field are loaded into the solver, triggering an automated iterative recalculation of the internal calm zone and flow field morphology.

[0044] Based on the aforementioned dynamic recalculation results, the system can not only verify in real time whether the initially planned ventilation and cooling system deployment locations remain effective at different elevations, but also directly output a set of axial flow fan frequency conversion operation strategies that dynamically change with the climbing height. For example, when the lightweight formwork is located in a low-rise construction area severely obstructed by surrounding buildings, the system controls the axial flow fans to operate at high frequency and full load to force airflow to overcome large areas of physical still wind zones; when the lightweight formwork climbs to a high-altitude unobstructed area, the natural boundary wind speed increases significantly, and the system automatically reduces the fan speed or shuts down some fan nodes as needed. This method completely solves the technical problem that traditional static CFD simulation cannot reflect the drastic changes in the microclimate environment during the high-altitude climbing process of the formwork, ensuring the scientific, accurate, and energy-saving nature of microclimate environment control throughout the entire life cycle of the lightweight formwork.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the spatial layout and environment of a lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Use BIM software to create a three-dimensional digital model of the lightweight top formwork. Define the solar radiation reflectivity, light transmittance, and waterproof performance parameters of the top covering components in the three-dimensional digital model, and import the geographical location information and surrounding environment model of the proposed project. Step 2: Delineate the construction operation area and personnel activity area in the three-dimensional digital model, and define the construction operation area and personnel activity area as spatial grids, assigning personnel density and operation time parameters to each spatial grid; Step 3: Import the three-dimensional digital model into the solar radiation analysis software to perform all-weather dynamic simulation of solar radiation, and obtain hourly shadow distribution maps and cumulative solar radiation distribution maps of the construction operation area and personnel activity area; when the cumulative solar radiation of any spatial grid exceeds the preset thermal radiation threshold, the three-dimensional digital model is iteratively optimized until the cumulative solar radiation of all spatial grids is lower than the thermal radiation threshold. Step 4: Import the completed 3D digital model of solar radiation optimization into computational fluid dynamics simulation software to simulate the wind field, and extract the area below the preset wind speed threshold in the flow field data as the calm wind zone; in the 3D digital model, configure the 3D coordinate position of the ventilation and cooling system in the calm wind zone, and determine the layout path of the rainproof and drainage pipes according to the spatial structure of the 3D digital model. Step 5: Export the completed simulation-optimized 3D digital model as construction drawings, and upload the 3D digital model with environmental simulation data as a digital twin to the cloud management platform.

2. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the three-dimensional digital model of the lightweight top formwork includes the geometry of the main steel truss, supporting columns, hanging maintenance system, and top covering components.

3. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step two, the construction work area and personnel activity area specifically include the precast component hoisting area, the rebar binding area, the concrete placement area, and the inspection passage.

4. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step three, the meteorological boundary conditions for the all-weather dynamic simulation of solar radiation are set as typical summer high-temperature days in the project location.

5. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step three, the strategy for iteratively optimizing the three-dimensional digital model includes any one or more of the following combinations: Adjust the cantilever length and tilt angle of the top covering component, or add a lateral shielding component; The spatial grid positions where the personnel's work time parameters exceed the preset duration threshold are moved in the three-dimensional digital model to areas where the cumulative solar radiation is lower than the thermal radiation threshold. Replace the top covering component with a board material whose solar radiation reflectivity parameter is greater than a preset reflectivity threshold.

6. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step four, the wind field simulation boundary conditions of the computational fluid dynamics simulation software include the prevailing summer wind direction and average wind speed at the project site; the calm wind zone is identified by comprehensively analyzing the wind speed distribution cloud map and air age cloud map of the personnel activity area.

7. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step four, the ventilation and cooling system is a ventilation and cooling spray system that includes an axial flow fan, a high-pressure micro-mist nozzle, and a water supply pipeline; the method also includes adjusting the orientation of the axial flow fan according to the simulated flow field distribution to guide the airflow through the personnel activity area.

8. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step four, the method for determining the layout path of the rainproof drainage pipeline includes: setting the drainage slope, gutter and downpipe in the three-dimensional digital model; and based on the spatial interference check of the model, ensuring that the layout path avoids personnel passage and equipment area, and extends downward along the inner side of the support column or bracket of the lightweight top formwork.

9. The method for spatial layout and environmental optimization design of lightweight top formwork based on BIM simulation according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step five, the three-dimensional digital model uploaded to the cloud management platform as a digital twin is used to automatically control the ventilation and cooling system during construction, in conjunction with on-site sensor data.

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