Rhino visualization-based special-shaped building roof drainage slope calculation method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on Rhino visualization's special-shaped building roof drainage slope calculation method and device, its method includes the following steps: creating three-dimensional model, building parameterized analysis battery, global slope visualization verification, local slope dynamic optimization and digital achievement output.Through utilizing Rhino three-dimensional visualization+parameterized programming, it can realize special-shaped curved surface roof global slope automatic calculation, drainage direction self-identification, visual dynamic optimization and the integrated closed-loop process of multi-format digital achievement delivery, overcome the industry problem that special-shaped roof drainage direction is not clear, leading to unable to determine the direction of drainage board in advance, can balance architectural aesthetics and drainage function, improve design, whole-process efficiency of construction, disclosure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building roof design, specifically to a method and apparatus for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization. Background Technology

[0002] Irregularly shaped roofs, with their unique curved shapes and dynamic architectural language, have been widely used in recent years in public buildings such as large stadiums, cultural buildings, and transportation hubs. These roofs typically use aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy panels or honeycomb aluminum panels as the cladding, offering advantages such as light weight, durability, and high styling flexibility. However, while achieving architectural aesthetics, irregularly shaped curved roofs also present significant challenges to roof drainage design: ensuring the drainage slope of each area meets national standards while maintaining the integrity of the complex curved shape has become a key challenge in architectural design.

[0003] Currently, the design of drainage slopes for irregularly shaped building roofs faces several technical limitations:

[0004] Firstly, traditional 2D CAD design methods are difficult to apply to irregularly shaped curved roofs. Current technologies often use 2D CAD drawings combined with discrete sectioning to calculate roof drainage slopes. This involves selecting several typical section locations and calculating the slope value by measuring the ratio of elevation difference to horizontal distance on the sections. For traditional roofs with regular shapes and clearly defined drainage directions (such as arched roofs), this method can meet basic design requirements, allowing for the pre-determining of the main drainage direction and the placement of drainage boards accordingly. However, for irregularly shaped free-form roofs with complex and varied shapes and continuously twisting curvatures, the drainage direction changes continuously on the roof, with no single, clearly defined main drainage direction, making it impossible to pre-determine the drainage board layout. The discrete profile method can only select a limited number of points for calculation, and cannot fully present the continuous slope change law of the entire curved roof. A large number of areas are put into construction without calculation, forming a design blind spot, which can easily cause local water accumulation and the slope does not meet the mandatory requirement of Article 4.2.1 of the "General Specification for Waterproofing of Building and Municipal Engineering" (GB55030-2022) that the drainage slope of metal roofs should not be less than 5%.

[0005] Secondly, existing parametric slope analysis methods rely on preset drainage directions or slab layout directions. In recent years, BIM technology and parametric design tools have been increasingly widely used in the construction industry. For example, Chinese patent application CN202410695664.8 discloses a batch analysis method for the organized drainage slope of curved metal roofs. This method uses the Rhino and Grasshopper platforms to generate slab layout lines along pre-imported metal slab layout directions. Equidistant sampling points are then placed on each slab layout line. The slope angle of each discrete segment is derived by calculating the ratio of the height difference between adjacent sampling points to the horizontal projection distance. Furthermore, a machine learning algorithm is used to automatically train the slope angle threshold, filtering out segments that do not meet the requirements. This method improves the automation level of slope verification to some extent. However, the technical premise of this method is that the metal slab layout direction lines must be predetermined by the designer and imported into the program. Its analysis logic is "first the slab layout direction, then verify the slope," essentially still belonging to a reverse verification tool for existing slab layout schemes. This technical approach is applicable to regular curved surfaces such as arches and cylindrical shells where the main drainage direction is clear and the layout of the panels can be determined in advance. However, for irregular free-form curved roofs with complex and varied shapes and drainage directions that change continuously with the curvature of the surface, designers simply cannot determine a reasonable drainage direction and panel layout in advance before analysis. The analytical paradigm of "laying out panels first and then verifying calculations" loses its technical premise in this scenario, and this method cannot be applied.

[0006] Third, there is an information gap between design and construction. Even when using parametric methods for slope analysis, current technologies primarily extract information from discrete sections that do not meet threshold requirements, lacking a systematic digital outcome to guide construction implementation. Slope data conveyed by two-dimensional drawings lacks spatial visualization, making it difficult for construction personnel to intuitively understand the gradual slope changes and drainage directions on complex curved surfaces, easily leading to component installation deviations. Furthermore, design changes require redrawing and manual recalculation, resulting in slow response times and difficulty adapting to the high-frequency design iterations required for irregularly shaped buildings.

[0007] Fourth, there is a lack of dynamic and coordinated optimization methods for form and function. When slope analysis reveals areas that do not meet the specifications, existing technology can only passively mark the problem areas, unable to dynamically fine-tune the surface in a visual environment and update the slope analysis results in real time. If designers want to adjust the surface shape while meeting drainage specifications, they usually need to repeatedly perform a fragmented cycle of "modifying the model → re-analyzing → modifying again," which is inefficient and makes it difficult to accurately control the adjustment range. This can easily damage the architect's carefully designed irregular curved surface shape during the optimization of drainage function.

[0008] In summary, given the technical characteristic that the drainage direction of irregular free-form roofs cannot be determined in advance, there is an urgent need for a method for calculating the drainage slope of irregular building roofs that can be driven entirely by the geometric shape of the roof surface without relying on any preset slab orientation, and can achieve continuous slope calculation across the entire area, automatic identification of drainage direction, visual dynamic optimization, and digital delivery of results. This method would balance the aesthetic expression of architectural form, compliance with national standards and regulations, and feasibility of construction implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization, so as to at least solve the problem that existing calculation methods are difficult to apply to irregularly curved roofs.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, in a first aspect, this invention provides a method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Creating a 3D model: Import the project's CAD base map and architectural scheme model into Rhino, draw the building outline and spatial control lines, generate irregular roof composite surfaces based on the actual elevation, divide the panel joint lines based on the roof material specifications (aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy plate, honeycomb aluminum plate, etc.), and complete the 3D modeling of the roof and supporting structure.

[0012] Building a parametric analysis battery pack: In Grasshopper, a graphical programming calculator is invoked to construct a tree-like data processing structure; the graphical programming calculator includes a surface import calculator, a mesh sampling calculator, a coordinate extraction calculator, an angle calculation calculator, a slope conversion calculator, and a drainage line generation calculator; the graphical programming nodes in Grasshopper are referred to as "calculators" or "batteries").

[0013] Full-area slope visualization verification: Run the Grasshopper script to generate drainage direction vector lines at each point and screen out warning areas where the slope does not meet the preset specifications;

[0014] Local slope dynamic optimization: For the warning area, the surface Z-axis elevation is finely adjusted. The Grasshopper script refreshes the slope color and drainage trajectory in real time through a parameterized linkage mechanism, and repeatedly checks until the slope of all areas meets the preset specification requirements.

[0015] Digital output: Extract the coordinates, elevation, percentage slope, drainage direction vector and downspout coordinates of all sampling points, export them in batches as structured data tables, and generate roof elevation plan, roof slope and drainage path map.

[0016] Furthermore, the grid sampling operator is used to perform global U / V direction grid sampling on the roof surface, with sampling points covering the entire roof surface, to characterize the continuous slope variation law of each region of the roof surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the coordinate extraction operator is used to decompose the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each sampling point generated by the grid sampling by calling the DeconstructPoint operator, and output three independent tree-like data branches: the X-axis horizontal coordinate, the Y-axis vertical coordinate, and the Z-axis elevation value.

[0018] Furthermore, the angle calculation operator is used to call the SurfaceNormal operator to calculate the unit normal vector of the roof surface at each sampling point, and then use the Angle operator to solve the angle between the unit normal vector and the unit vertical vector of the Z-axis of the world coordinate system, and output the angle value in radians; this angle corresponds to the dihedral angle between the roof tangent plane and the horizontal plane, that is, the original value of the normal slope angle of the sampling point.

[0019] Furthermore, the slope conversion calculator includes a built-in radian-angle conversion module, a percentage slope conversion module, and a standard threshold judgment module. The radian-angle conversion module converts the included angle value in radians to an angle slope angle in degrees using 180 / π. The percentage slope conversion module takes the tangent of the angle slope angle and multiplies it by 100% to obtain a commonly used percentage slope value for engineering. The standard threshold judgment module compares the percentage slope value with a preset threshold and marks sampling points below the threshold as warning points.

[0020] Furthermore, the slope drainage line generation operator is used to project the unit normal vector of each sampling point onto the Z=0 horizontal plane, and extract the projection vector as the drainage direction vector of that point; taking each sampling point as the starting point, a fixed-length drainage direction indicator line is generated along the drainage direction vector, and the drainage direction vectors of continuous areas are connected into a water flow trajectory line through the streamline tracing algorithm to intuitively present the flow path of rainwater on the roof.

[0021] Furthermore, the pre-set specification requires that, as stipulated in the "General Specification for Waterproofing of Building and Municipal Engineering" (GB55030-2022), the drainage slope of metal roofs shall not be less than 5%.

[0022] Furthermore, the adjustment range for the Z-axis elevation of the fine-tuning surface is 0.1~0.3m.

[0023] Furthermore, the structured data tables are in Excel format;

[0024] The roof elevation plan is generated by converting the sampled point cloud data into a standard elevation plan with contour lines using Civil3D software.

[0025] The roof slope and drainage path diagram is a vectorized drawing that projects the drainage direction vector line onto the horizontal plane and draws the flow trajectory of the water.

[0026] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for calculating the drainage slope of irregular building roofs based on Rhino visualization, comprising: a processor and a memory; wherein the memory is used to store computer execution instructions, and when the device is running, the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to enable the device to perform the calculation method provided in the first aspect.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by utilizing Rhino 3D visualization and parametric programming, an integrated closed-loop process can be realized, which includes automatic calculation of the slope of irregular curved roofs, autonomous identification of drainage direction, visualization dynamic optimization, and delivery of digital results in multiple formats. This overcomes the industry problem that the drainage direction of irregular roofs is unclear, which makes it impossible to determine the slab layout direction in advance. It can balance architectural aesthetics and drainage function and improve the efficiency of the entire process of design, handover, and construction.

[0028] By adopting continuous slope sampling calculation of the entire roof area, the blind spot problem of traditional two-dimensional discrete point calculation is avoided. The slope analysis accuracy is effectively improved compared with the traditional profile method. It can more accurately locate areas with potential water accumulation, ensure that the drainage slope of metal roof meets the mandatory requirements of the code, and reduce problems such as roof corrosion, snow accumulation and icing, and leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, use the same reference numerals to denote the same or similar parts. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 Create a schematic diagram for the Rhino 3D model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is for setting up a parameterized analysis system for battery packs.

[0032] Figure 3 Visual verification of slope across the entire area;

[0033] Figure 4 Outputting digital results;

[0034] Figure 5 For structured data tables;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a roof elevation plan;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a drainage path diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0037] In a first aspect, this invention discloses a method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Creating a 3D model: Import the project's CAD base drawing and architectural design model into Rhino, draw the building outline and spatial control lines, generate irregularly shaped roof composite surfaces based on the actual elevation, divide the panel joint lines according to the roof material specifications, and complete the 3D modeling of the roof and its supporting structures, such as... Figure 1 As shown;

[0039] Building a parametric analysis battery pack: Using the graphical programming calculator in Grasshopper, a tree-like data processing structure is constructed, such as... Figure 2 As shown; the graphical programming calculator includes a surface import calculator, a mesh sampling calculator, a coordinate extraction calculator, an angle calculation calculator, a slope conversion calculator, and a drainage line generation calculator;

[0040] Global slope visualization verification: Run the Grasshopper script to generate drainage direction vector lines for each point, and screen out warning areas where the slope does not meet the preset specifications, such as... Figure 3 As shown;

[0041] Local slope dynamic optimization: For the warning area, the surface Z-axis elevation is finely adjusted. The Grasshopper script refreshes the slope color and drainage trajectory in real time through a parameterized linkage mechanism, and repeatedly checks until the slope of all areas meets the preset specification requirements.

[0042] Digital output: Extract the coordinates, elevation, percentage slope, drainage direction vector, and downspout coordinates of all sampling points, batch export them as structured data tables, and generate roof elevation plan (e.g., Figure 6 (as shown), roof slope and drainage path diagram (as shown) Figure 7 (As shown).

[0043] This method, utilizing Rhino 3D visualization and parametric programming, enables an integrated closed-loop process for automatic calculation of the slope across the entire surface of irregularly shaped curved roofs, autonomous identification of drainage direction, visualized dynamic optimization, and delivery of multi-format digital results. It overcomes the industry challenge of uncertain drainage direction on irregularly shaped roofs, which prevents the pre-determining of panel layout direction. The calculation results of the drainage direction vector line guide the design of the roof metal panel layout direction, realizing a design process of "slope analysis → drainage direction determination → panel layout scheme generation," distinct from the reverse process of pre-setting the panel layout direction and then performing slope verification.

[0044] According to one embodiment of this application, a grid sampling calculator is used to perform full-domain U / V direction grid sampling on the roof surface, with sampling points covering the entire roof surface, to characterize the continuous slope variation law of each region of the roof surface. This embodiment avoids the blind spot problem of traditional two-dimensional discrete point calculation by using continuous slope sampling calculation across the entire roof area. The slope analysis accuracy is effectively improved compared to the traditional profile method, allowing for more precise location of areas with potential water accumulation hazards, ensuring that the drainage slope of the metal roof meets the mandatory requirements of the code, and reducing problems such as roof corrosion, snow accumulation and icing, and leakage.

[0045] According to one embodiment of this application, the coordinate extraction operator is used to decompose the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each sampling point generated by grid sampling by calling the DeconstructPoint operator, and outputting three independent tree data branches of X-axis horizontal coordinate, Y-axis vertical coordinate and Z-axis elevation value respectively, forming a coordinate component sublist (second layer of tree data).

[0046] According to one embodiment of this application, the angle calculation operator is used to call the SurfaceNormal operator to calculate the unit normal vector of the roof surface at each sampling point, and then use the Angle operator to solve the angle between the unit normal vector and the unit vertical vector of the Z-axis of the world coordinate system, and output the angle value in radians; the angle corresponds to the dihedral angle between the roof tangent plane and the horizontal plane, that is, the original value of the normal slope angle of the sampling point; the core of this step is to calculate the normal slope (that is, the angle between the tangent plane of the surface and the horizontal plane) and form a sub-list of slope values ​​(the third level of the tree data).

[0047] According to one embodiment of this application, the slope conversion calculator includes a built-in radian-angle conversion module, a percentage slope conversion module, and a standard threshold judgment module; the radian-angle conversion module is used to convert the included angle value in radians to an angle in degrees using 180 / π, as expressed by:

[0048] ;

[0049] in, The normal slope angle (°) is used for visual representation in engineering. Calculate the normal vector for the Angle cell in Grasshopper With the Z-axis vector The included angle (in radians);

[0050] The percentage slope conversion module is used to take the tangent of the angle-based slope angle and multiply it by 100% to obtain a commonly used percentage slope value for engineering projects. The expression is as follows:

[0051] %

[0052] in, The percentage slope value (%) is the core analytical indicator.

[0053] The standard threshold judgment module is used to compare the percentage slope value with the preset threshold and mark the sampling points below the threshold as warning points.

[0054] According to one embodiment of this application, the slope drainage line generation calculator is used to project the unit normal vector of each sampling point onto the Z=0 horizontal plane, extract the projection vector as the drainage direction vector of that point; take each sampling point as the starting point, generate a fixed-length drainage direction indicator line along the drainage direction vector, and use a streamline tracing algorithm to connect the drainage direction vectors of continuous areas into a water flow trajectory line to intuitively present the flow path of rainwater on the roof.

[0055] The drainage direction in this method is automatically calculated and generated by the surface geometry, without relying on any preset direction lines, making this method applicable to any irregular free-form surface roof other than arches.

[0056] According to one embodiment of this application, the preset specification requirement is specifically stipulated in the "General Specification for Waterproofing of Building and Municipal Engineering" (GB55030-2022): the drainage slope of metal roofs shall not be less than 5%. The mandatory clause of the national standard (≥5%) is directly converted into visual program judgment logic, realizing automatic compliance verification and shortening the time for manual screening. Furthermore, the warning area can be designed to be automatically highlighted in the model and generate an error list containing spatial coordinates.

[0057] According to one embodiment of this application, the adjustment range of the Z-axis elevation of the fine-tuned curved surface is 0.1~0.3m. This adjustment range is set based on the sensitivity of the irregular roof shape. The elevation fine-tuning of 0.1~0.3m will not destroy the overall curved surface shape and visual effect of the building design, and can take into account both aesthetic and drainage requirements.

[0058] According to one embodiment of this application, the parametric linkage mechanism is Grasshopper's built-in real-time data stream push function. Changes in the Z-axis elevation adjustment value of the surface directly trigger the immediate recalculation of angle calculation and slope conversion for the battery pack. The entire recalculation and model update response time is no more than 0.5 seconds. By adopting the parametric linkage mechanism, the "adjustment-calculation-visualization" process can achieve real-time feedback within seconds (≤0.5 seconds), making the design change cost almost zero and significantly improving optimization efficiency. The design change response speed is greatly improved, eliminating the tedious work of traditional drawing redrawing and manual recalculation.

[0059] According to one embodiment of this application, the structured data table is in Excel format, outputting the sampling point number, X coordinate (m), Y coordinate (m), and Z elevation (m), such as... Figure 5 As shown;

[0060] The roof elevation plan is generated by converting the sampled point cloud data into a standard elevation plan with contour lines using Civil3D software.

[0061] The roof slope and drainage path diagram is a vectorized drawing that projects the drainage direction vector line onto the horizontal plane and draws the flow trajectory of the water.

[0062] Secondly, the present invention discloses a device for calculating the drainage slope of irregular building roofs based on Rhino visualization, comprising: a processor and a memory; wherein, the memory is used to store computer execution instructions, and when the device is running, the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to enable the device to perform the calculation method disclosed in the second aspect.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Creating a 3D model: Import the project's CAD base map and architectural scheme model into Rhino, draw the building outline and spatial control lines, generate irregular roof composite surfaces based on the actual elevation, divide the board joint lines according to the roof material specifications, and complete the 3D modeling of the roof and supporting structure. Build a parametric analysis battery pack: In Grasshopper, call the graphical programming calculator to build a tree-like data calculation structure; the graphical programming calculator includes a surface import calculator, a mesh sampling calculator, a coordinate extraction calculator, an angle calculation calculator, a slope conversion calculator, and a drainage line generation calculator. Full-area slope visualization verification: Run the Grasshopper script to generate drainage direction vector lines at each point and screen out warning areas where the slope does not meet the preset specifications; Local slope dynamic optimization: For the warning area, the surface Z-axis elevation is finely adjusted. The Grasshopper script refreshes the slope color and drainage trajectory in real time through a parameterized linkage mechanism, and repeatedly checks until the slope of all areas meets the preset specification requirements. Digital output: Extract the coordinates, elevation, percentage slope, drainage direction vector and downspout coordinates of all sampling points, export them in batches as structured data tables, and generate roof elevation plan, roof slope and drainage path map.

2. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid sampling operator is used to perform global U / V direction grid sampling on the roof surface, with sampling points covering the entire roof surface, to characterize the continuous slope variation law of each region of the roof surface.

3. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinate extraction operator is used to decompose the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each sampling point generated by the grid sampling by calling the DeconstructPoint operator, and output three independent tree data branches: the X-axis horizontal coordinate, the Y-axis vertical coordinate, and the Z-axis elevation value.

4. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle calculation operator is used to call the SurfaceNormal operator to calculate the unit normal vector of the roof surface at each sampling point, and then use the Angle operator to solve the angle between the unit normal vector and the unit vertical vector of the Z-axis of the world coordinate system, and output the angle value in radians; this angle corresponds to the dihedral angle between the roof tangent plane and the horizontal plane, that is, the original value of the normal slope angle of the sampling point.

5. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slope conversion calculator includes a built-in radian-angle conversion module, a percentage slope conversion module, and a standard threshold judgment module. The radian-angle conversion module converts the included angle value in radians to an angle slope angle in degrees using 180 / π. The percentage slope conversion module takes the tangent of the angle slope angle and multiplies it by 100% to obtain a percentage slope value commonly used in engineering. The standard threshold judgment module compares the percentage slope value with a preset threshold and marks sampling points below the threshold as warning points.

6. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slope drainage line generation calculator is used to project the unit normal vector of each sampling point onto the Z=0 horizontal plane, and extract the projection vector as the drainage direction vector of that point; taking each sampling point as the starting point, a fixed-length drainage direction indicator line is generated along the drainage direction vector, and the drainage direction vectors of continuous areas are connected into a water flow trajectory line through the streamline tracing algorithm to intuitively present the flow path of rainwater on the roof.

7. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific requirement of the preset specification is as stipulated in the "General Specification for Waterproofing of Building and Municipal Engineering" (GB55030-2022): the drainage slope of metal roofs shall not be less than 5%.

8. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment range for the Z-axis elevation of the fine-tuning surface is 0.1~0.3m.

9. The method for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structured data table is in Excel format; The roof elevation plan is converted from the sampled point cloud data into a standard elevation plan with contour lines using Civil3D software. The roof slope and drainage path diagram is a vectorized drawing that projects the drainage direction vector line onto a horizontal plane and draws the water flow trajectory streamline.

10. A device for calculating the drainage slope of irregularly shaped building roofs based on Rhino visualization, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory; wherein the memory is used to store computer execution instructions, and when the device is running, the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to cause the device to perform the calculation method according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images