A large space partition plate deepening layout method based on BIM technology

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on BIM technology's large space partition wall plate deepening layout method, comprising the following steps: S1, establish BIM comprehensive model;S2, collision detection and wall penetration position identification: the comprehensive arrangement model of electromechanical pipeline is collided with prefabricated partition wall plate model and building structure model, and the collision point is output;S3, wall penetration opening hierarchical annotation: according to the opening size identified in step S2, the wall penetration opening on each wall is hierarchically annotated;S4, prefabricated partition wall plate deepening layout: according to the opening annotation result of step S3 and wall length, the layout design of prefabricated partition wall plate is carried out;The application realizes the integrated collaborative design of electromechanical pipeline comprehensive arrangement and partition wall plate deepening layout by BIM technology, establishes the differential construction processing rule based on opening size classification, and forms the whole-process technical scheme from three-dimensional modeling to on-site accurate installation, effectively guarantees the construction quality, structural safety and construction efficiency of partition wall plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology, belonging to the field of building construction technology. Background Technology

[0002] In construction projects, large public buildings such as airport terminals, stadiums, convention centers, and large hospitals are increasingly common. These large buildings are characterized by large spatial scale, high floor height, and complex internal functional zoning. In secondary structural construction, prefabricated lightweight partition walls such as ALC panels and ceramsite panels are widely used due to their advantages such as fast construction speed, light weight, and environmental friendliness and energy saving.

[0003] However, the construction of partition walls in large spaces faces the following requirements and challenges: First, due to the high floor height, a single partition wall panel cannot be installed all the way to the top in one go, requiring vertical splicing. Second, when the length of the partition wall panel exceeds 6 meters, according to the seismic design code, structural columns must be installed in the wall to enhance its overall stability and seismic performance. Third, the internal electromechanical pipeline systems of large public buildings are complex, with ducts, cable trays, water pipes, window openings, and other pipelines crisscrossing, requiring a large number of pipelines to pass through the interior partition walls. While the position of a single pipeline passing through a partition wall can be adjusted, it is difficult to reposition rows of pipelines or ducts passing through the wall.

[0004] In traditional construction methods, the above-mentioned problems are often addressed separately: partition wall installation is carried out by the partition wall construction team according to the design drawings, while mechanical and electrical pipeline installation is subsequently done by the mechanical and electrical construction team, who drills holes through the walls. This construction method lacks proactive collaborative design, and therefore frequently leads to the following problems:

[0005] (i) Conflict between the location of the mechanical and electrical pipelines penetrating the wall and the structure of the partition wall: The location of the pipeline opening happens to fall at the joint of the partition wall or the location of the structural column. On-site, it is necessary to cut the already installed wall panels or even remove part of the concrete of the structural column, which seriously weakens the integrity of the wall structure and causes structural safety hazards.

[0006] (ii) Randomly opening holes on site damages the structure of the partition wall: There is a lack of unified standards for opening and positioning. Workers often determine the opening position arbitrarily according to the site conditions, resulting in non-standard situations such as the distance between the edge of the opening and the end of the board being too small or the opening being located in the board seam, which leads to common quality problems such as wall panel cracking, hollowing, and leakage.

[0007] (iii) Serious waste of materials: On-site cutting not only generates a large amount of construction waste, but also makes it difficult to guarantee cutting accuracy, resulting in a high rate of material loss.

[0008] (iv) Low construction efficiency: Civil engineering and electromechanical construction are carried out alternately and wait for each other, and the process is complicated and intertwined, which seriously affects the construction progress.

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, some research has attempted to apply BIM technology to partition wall construction. For example, existing technologies include methods for creating lightweight partition wall panel families using Revit and performing parametric processing, as well as technical solutions for wall panel layout and numbering statistics based on BIM models, and exporting material lists. Furthermore, technologies for integrated layout and clash detection of MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) pipelines using BIM models have also been disclosed. However, existing technical solutions still have the following shortcomings:

[0010] Firstly, there is a lack of coordination between pipeline avoidance and wall panel layout. In existing solutions, the integrated layout of electromechanical pipelines and the layout of partition walls are often two independent work processes. The determination of pipeline penetration locations does not fully consider the structural requirements of the wall panels, such as the joint positions and structural column positions. The wall panel layout also does not fully consider the pipeline penetration requirements. There is a lack of systematic coordination and optimization between the two.

[0011] Secondly, there is a lack of differentiated construction treatment rules based on the size of the opening. In the existing technology, there is no systematic graded treatment standard for pipeline penetration openings. The construction reinforcement measures and slab arrangement rules for openings of different sizes are not clear and detailed enough, resulting in a lack of operable guidance in actual construction.

[0012] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a systematic construction method that can integrate BIM technology into the entire process of partition wall panel detailed layout, structural column and lintel design, MEP pipeline integrated layout, and on-site installation and positioning, in order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology. It aims to achieve integrated collaborative design of mechanical and electrical pipeline layout and detailed layout of partition walls through BIM technology, establish differentiated construction processing rules based on the size of openings, and form a complete technical solution from 3D modeling to precise on-site installation, so as to ensure the construction quality, structural safety and construction efficiency of partition walls.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology, comprising the following steps: S1. Establish a comprehensive BIM model: Based on the architectural construction drawings, structural construction drawings, and construction drawings of various mechanical and electrical disciplines, integrate and establish a comprehensive BIM model that includes the architectural structure model, prefabricated partition wall panel model, and comprehensive layout model of mechanical and electrical pipelines. Optimize the comprehensive layout and net height of the mechanical and electrical pipelines, and output the layout diagram of the mechanical and electrical pipelines. S2. Collision Detection and Wall Penetration Location Marking: Collision detection is performed between the integrated layout model of electromechanical pipelines, the prefabricated partition wall panel model, and the building structure model, and the collision points are output. For the detected collisions between pipelines and walls, the following rules are followed: If the pipeline can be offset to avoid the wall, then adjust the pipeline route to avoid the wall; If the pipeline cannot avoid the wall, mark the location and size of the opening for the pipeline to pass through the wall on the prefabricated partition wall model; S3. Classification and labeling of wall penetrations: Based on the opening dimensions marked in step S2, classify and label the wall penetrations on each wall. S4. Detailed Layout of Precast Partition Panels: Based on the opening markings and wall lengths from step S3, the layout design of the precast partition panels is carried out. This layout design includes: The structural reinforcement measures around the opening and the arrangement rules of the partition wall panels are determined based on the width of the opening. The location of the structural columns is determined based on the length of the wall. When the length of the wall exceeds a preset length threshold, a structural column is installed in the wall. Based on the layout results, determine the actual width and height of each partition wall panel, and number each partition wall panel sequentially.

[0015] The structural column positioning calculation rules and rebar anchoring calculation formula are as follows: The standard width of the lightweight partition board is B0 = 600mm, and the minimum patch width is B. min =200mm; 1) Structural columns should be positioned at the vertical joint between two standard partition walls to avoid the column falling within the area of ​​a single partition wall panel, thus reducing wall panel cutting. Standard original width panels should be used preferentially. When the total net length of the wall cannot be divided evenly by the standard panel width, supplementary panels are allowed, but the width of the supplementary panels shall not be less than B. min =200mm, the patch plate should be placed at the end of the wall, and no structural column shall be set at the patch plate location; 2) Set constraints for structural columns: ① Mandatory condition in the standard: Spacing L of structural columns gz ≤6000mm; ② Layout constraints: The center line of the structural column coincides with the vertical joint of the wall panel; the distance between the edge line of the structural column and the end of the wall panel where the through-wall opening is located is ≥600mm; the structural column shall not fall inside the body of the patch panel; 3) Calculation logic for structural column positioning: When the net length of the wall is L wall For an integer multiple of the standard board width: X gz =n×B0; When the net length of the wall is L wallWhen the width is not an integer multiple of the standard slab width and there is an end supplementary slab: Positioning coordinate X of the structural column gz =n×B0, the setting range of structural columns shall exclude the end supplementary slab section, structural columns are only arranged in the joint area of standard slabs, and no structural columns are arranged in the supplementary slab section; n is the number of standard partition slabs, which takes an integer value, B0 is the width of the standard partition slab, which is 600mm; the width of the end supplementary slab B bu =L wall -n×B0, which shall satisfy B min ≤B bu <B0; if the calculated supplementary slab width is less than 200mm, the slab division shall be adjusted, and the slabs shall be merged or adjusted to ensure that the supplementary slab width is not less than 200mm; 4) Calculation of the embedment depth of the usual rebars for structural columns, hanging columns, coping, and lintels (according to the Technical Specification for Post-Installed Anchorage in Concrete Structures JGJ145), the rebars of structural columns are valued as compression rebars: L s =max(0.6Lb, 10d, 100mm); for concrete hanging columns (tensioned cantilever members): the rebars of the hanging column must be a full-length single whole rebar, the rebars shall not be connected in sections, and lap joints shall not be provided to prevent insufficient joint tensile force under tension conditions; the embedment depth of the hanging column rebar: L s '=max(1.5×0.3Lb, 10d, 100mm); where: L s is the embedment depth of the compression rebar (mm); L s ' is the embedment depth of the tension rebar of the hanging column (mm); L b is the basic embedment depth for post-installed anchorage (mm); d is the nominal diameter of the rebar (mm); after the rebar embedment is completed, on-site pull-out tests must be carried out, and the next process can be carried out only after the anchoring bearing capacity requirements are met.

[0016] Preferably, in the step S2, the collision detection adopts a two-dimensional collision detection rule, which respectively detects the collision between the electromechanical pipeline and the structural column, and the overlapping conflict between the electromechanical pipeline and the vertical joint of the prefabricated partition slab.

[0017] Preferably, in the step S3, the annotation content includes the opening number, opening width dimension, opening height dimension, opening center elevation or bottom elevation, and the horizontal distance of the opening from the wall end; the through-wall openings for rows of pipelines of the same specification and the same elevation are combined into one rectangular opening for annotation.

[0018] Preferably, in the step S4, the structural reinforcement measures around the opening and the arrangement rule of the partition slab are determined according to the width dimension of the opening, which specifically includes: When the opening width is less than or equal to the first preset width threshold, the center line of the standard partition slab is aligned with the center line of the opening for arrangement, so as to ensure that the distance from the opening edge to the end of the partition slab is not less than the preset minimum distance; When the opening width is greater than the first preset width threshold and less than or equal to the second preset width threshold, the center line of the opening is aligned with the joint between the two adjacent partition walls. When the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold, structural columns are set on both sides of the opening, and a reinforced concrete lintel is set above the opening. Then, partition walls are arranged from the edges of the structural columns on both sides of the opening towards both ends.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, determining the location of the structural column based on the wall length specifically includes: when the wall length is greater than 6 meters, a structural column is installed in the wall, with a width of 200mm and a thickness equal to the wall thickness; the structural column is preferably placed at the vertical joint of two standard partition wall panels, and the location of the structural column should avoid the end of the partition wall panel where the through-wall opening is located by at least 600mm, and the structural column should not be placed inside a single partition wall panel to reduce the amount of wall panel cutting and processing.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the layout design of the prefabricated partition wall panels includes setting a concrete capping at the bottom of the opening when the through-wall opening is located at the top of the partition wall panel and the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold, and setting concrete hanging columns on both sides of the opening. The concrete capping and the concrete hanging columns are cast as a whole, and the partition wall panels below the hanging columns are arranged from the edge of the hanging columns to both sides.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, the layout design of the prefabricated partition wall panels includes setting a concrete lintel at the top of the opening when the through-wall opening is located at the bottom of the partition wall panel and the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold, and setting short concrete columns on both sides of the opening. The concrete lintel and the short concrete columns are cast as a whole, and the partition wall panels above the short columns are arranged from the edge of the short columns to both sides.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, the layout design of the prefabricated partition wall panels is as follows: when one side of the through-wall opening is a structural wall column and the width of the opening is less than a third preset width threshold, standard partition wall panels are arranged from one side of the structural wall column to the other side; when one side of the opening is a structural wall column and the width of the opening is greater than the third preset width threshold, a lintel or coping is set at the top of the opening, and a hanging column is set on the other side of the opening, wherein the hanging column and the lintel or coping are cast as a whole; the layout of the prefabricated partition wall panels uses prefabricated partition wall panels with a standard width of 600mm for arrangement, and the minimum patch width is 200mm.

[0023] Preferably, the following steps are also included: S5. Output detailed layout drawings and material list: Based on the layout design results of step S4, output detailed layout drawings and partition wall panel material list, wherein the material list includes the quantity statistics of partition wall panels of each specification; S6. On-site construction: Based on the detailed layout drawings in step S5, conduct on-site layout and positioning to determine the location of structural columns, openings, and the installation position of each partition wall panel. Construct the structural columns and lintels. After the structural columns and lintels reach the design strength, install the precast partition wall panels.

[0024] Preferably, in step S6, the on-site construction also includes the positioning and installation of prefabricated partition wall panel connectors: the installation positions of the connectors at the joints and butt joints of the partition walls are determined according to the detailed layout drawings; the joints of the partition walls are fixed with U-shaped steel clips, and the butt joints of the partition walls are fixed with swastika steel clips; the vertical spacing of the connectors is no more than 600mm, and the distance from the ground to the first connector at the position connected to the structural wall column is no more than 500mm.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. Two-way collaborative BIM collision detection mechanism for mechanical and electrical pipelines and partition panels: Most existing BIM partition panel layouts only perform wall panel arrangement in one direction, with mechanical and electrical integration and wall panel layout belonging to two independent processes; This invention adopts two-dimensional collision detection, simultaneously detecting conflicts between pipelines and structural columns, and between pipelines and vertical joints of wall panels. Pipeline avoidance and wall panel openings are linked in a hierarchical manner, preventing pipeline openings from falling into panel joints and structural columns from the source, and solving the quality hazards of on-site cutting and chiseling.

[0027] 2. A complete set of differentiated structural treatment rules based on the size classification of openings: For wall openings of different widths and vertical positions (middle of the slab, top of the slab, bottom of the slab, and adjacent structural walls and columns), establish complete slab layout + cast-in-place reinforced node rules; differentiate between small openings, openings with centered joints, large openings, top hanging column openings, bottom short column openings, fire hydrants, and door openings, and provide complete treatment solutions to fill the gap in the lack of systematic hierarchical structural rules in existing technologies.

[0028] 3. The structural column design incorporates a dual constraint of "standard spacing + layout coordination," along with corresponding positioning and rebar calculation formulas: Existing technology only mandates structural columns for walls longer than 6m, without considering wall panel layout, which can easily lead to wall panel cutting. This invention adds layout constraints, prioritizing the placement of structural columns at the vertical joints of standard panels. It provides formulas for calculating the positioning coordinates of structural columns and formulas for calculating the rebar depth of compression structural columns and tension suspended columns, balancing mandatory standard requirements with factory prefabrication, reducing the economy of non-standard panels, and lowering the material wastage rate.

[0029] 4. Complete closed-loop technical solution for the entire process, with BIM model directly outputting a complete set of production and construction deliverables: from multi-disciplinary BIM integrated modeling → clash detection and opening identification → opening classification and annotation → detailed layout with formulas → output of detailed drawings + material list (which can be directly delivered to the factory for custom-made) → on-site layout according to drawings, rebar installation, cast-in-place structural components, and wall panel installation, realizing a closed-loop chain of model, drawings, material allocation, and on-site construction; at the same time, the positioning rules of steel clip connectors are clearly defined, and the positions of all connectors are determined by BIM, eliminating arbitrary placement on site.

[0030] 5. Standardized nodes for various special working conditions: Standardized nodes are formed for frequently occurring working conditions in large-space public buildings, such as large openings with suspended columns at the top, large openings with short columns and beams at the bottom, fire hydrant openings, and large door openings. These nodes can be directly used for engineering implementation, solving the pain point of lacking a unified design basis for complex opening nodes in large-space projects.

[0031] 6. Add complete constraints on the slab reinforcement condition and limit the structural design of the hanging column reinforcement: Improve the calculation logic of the slab reinforcement under the non-standard total wall length, limit the minimum width of the slab reinforcement, prohibit the setting of structural columns in the slab reinforcement area, and automatically adjust the slab if the slab reinforcement is too small; clarify that the hanging column reinforcement must be a continuous whole and prohibit lap splicing, solve the risk of insufficient tensile strength of lap joints in the tension condition of the hanging column, and further improve the safety and reliability of the node. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method for detailed layout of large-space partition wall panels based on BIM technology provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement when the opening width is less than or equal to the first preset width threshold in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement when the opening width is greater than the first preset width threshold and less than or equal to the second preset width threshold in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement when the opening width is greater than the second preset width threshold in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layout when one side of the opening is a structural wall column and the width of the opening is less than the third preset width threshold in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the layout when one side of the opening is a structural wall column and the width of the opening is greater than the third preset width threshold in this invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the openings when they are located at the top of the partition wall in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the openings when they are located at the bottom of the partition wall in this invention; Figure 9This is a detailed drawing of the top opening of the hanging column and the top reinforcement node of the present invention; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the layout of the partition walls at the fire hydrant opening; Figure 11 A comparative diagram of two fire hydrant opening structures (top: light steel keel enclosure scheme; bottom: cast-in-place reinforced concrete lintel scheme). Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation layout of partition walls for a large space doorway. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1 A method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology is illustrated using the construction of a large public building with a floor height of 6.5 meters and precast ceramsite partition walls for the interior walls as an example. As shown in Figure 1, this layout method includes the following steps S1 to S6.

[0034] Step S1: Establish a comprehensive BIM model: Based on the architectural construction drawings, structural construction drawings, and MEP (Mechanical, Air Conditioning, and Electrical) construction drawings, integrate the multi-disciplinary models using the Revit platform. Establish a comprehensive BIM model including the architectural structure model, prefabricated partition wall panel model, and MEP pipeline layout model. Perform comprehensive layout and headroom optimization for the MEP pipelines to ensure reasonable pipeline routing and that headroom meets design requirements, and output the comprehensive MEP pipeline layout drawing.

[0035] Step S2, Collision Detection and Through-Wall Location Marking: Import the integrated layout model of electromechanical pipelines, the prefabricated partition wall model, and the building structure model established in Step S1 into the collision detection software. The collision detection adopts a two-dimensional collision detection rule: the first dimension detects the collision between electromechanical pipelines and structural columns; the second dimension detects the overlap and conflict between electromechanical pipelines and the vertical joints of prefabricated partition walls.

[0036] After running the collision detection, output all collision points. Process each collision point according to the following rules: If the pipeline can avoid the wall by offsetting 50mm to 100mm, adjust the pipeline route to avoid the wall; if the pipeline cannot avoid the wall, mark the location and size of the opening where the pipeline passes through the wall on the prefabricated partition wall model; if multiple pipelines pass through the wall together or large-sized ducts with a width greater than 400mm pass through the wall, conduct a structural reinforcement assessment at the wall penetration point separately.

[0037] Step S3: Hierarchical Labeling of Through-Wall Openings: Hierarchical labeling is performed on each wall for the through-wall openings confirmed in Step S2. A separate detailed location drawing for each wall is provided, including the opening number, opening width × opening height, center or bottom elevation of the opening, and horizontal distance from the opening to the wall edge. The opening numbers are arranged according to the wall number and opening sequence number, such as Q1~K1. For rows of pipe through-wall openings of the same specifications and elevation, they are combined into a single rectangular opening for labeling.

[0038] Step S4: Detailed layout of prefabricated partition walls: Based on the opening markings and wall lengths from Step S3, a detailed layout design for the prefabricated partition walls is performed. In this embodiment, the standard width of the prefabricated partition wall is 600mm, and the minimum width of the supplementary panel is 200mm.

[0039] (i) Determine the structural reinforcement measures around the opening and the arrangement rules of the partition wall panels based on the width of the opening.

[0040] Case 1: The width of the opening is less than or equal to the first preset width threshold, which is 400mm.

[0041] As shown in Figure 2, when the width of the through-wall opening is less than or equal to 400mm, align the centerline of the standard partition wall panels with the centerline of the opening, ensuring that the distance between the edge of the opening and the end of the partition wall panel is not less than 100mm. Then, design the layout of the partition wall panels on both sides of the opening. For small-diameter pipelines that cannot be bypassed (opening ≤ 100mm), pre-embed sleeves before pouring the structural column. When a single pipeline passes through the partition wall, its position must be adjusted, ensuring that the distance between it and both ends of the partition wall panel is greater than 100mm.

[0042] The second scenario: the first preset width threshold < the opening width ≤ the second preset width threshold, where the second preset width threshold is 800mm.

[0043] As shown in Figure 3, when the width of the through-wall opening is greater than 400mm and less than or equal to 800mm, align the center line of the opening with the joint between the two adjacent partition wall panels. Then, design the layout of the partition wall panels on both sides of the opening. The end of the structural column should be offset from the end of the partition wall panel containing the opening by more than 600mm.

[0044] The third scenario: the opening width is greater than the second preset width threshold.

[0045] As shown in Figure 4, when the width of the through-wall opening is greater than 800mm and the distance from the bottom of the opening to the top structure is greater than 1200mm, structural columns are installed on both sides of the opening, and a reinforced concrete lintel is installed above the opening. Then, partition wall panels are arranged from the edges of the structural columns on both sides of the opening towards both ends. In specific construction, the layout is first carried out according to the detailed layout drawing to determine the position of the structural columns and the opening. The structural columns are positioned preferentially at the joint of two standard partition wall panels. The coordinate calculation is performed using the structural column positioning calculation formula of this invention. The rebar depth is determined according to the corresponding formula and a pull-out test is completed. The structural columns and lintels are then constructed. After the concrete strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the precast partition wall panels are positioned and installed. The bottom precast partition wall panels are reserved for the coping height. After the precast partition wall panels are installed, the coping construction is carried out last.

[0046] The fourth scenario: one side of the opening is a structural wall column and the width of the opening is less than the third preset width threshold, which is 400mm.

[0047] As shown in Figure 5, when one side of the through-wall opening is a structural wall column and the opening width is ≤400mm, starting from the structural wall column side, the first piece is arranged using a standard partition wall panel, and then arranged sequentially to the other side.

[0048] The fifth scenario: One side of the opening is a structural wall column and the width of the opening is greater than the third preset width threshold.

[0049] As shown in Figure 6, when one side of the through-wall opening is a structural wall column and the opening width is greater than 400mm, a lintel or coping is installed at the top of the opening, and a concrete hanging column is installed on the other side of the opening. The concrete hanging column and the lintel or coping are cast as a whole. The depth of the reinforcing bars in the hanging column is calculated according to the formula for cantilevered tension members. After completing the pull-out test of the reinforcing bars, the wall panels are arranged sequentially from the edge of the hanging column to both sides.

[0050] The sixth scenario: The opening is located at the top of the wall panel and the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold.

[0051] As shown in Figure 7, when the through-wall opening is located at the top of the partition wall panel and the opening width is greater than 800mm or the bottom of the opening is ≤1200mm from the top structure, a concrete coping is installed at the bottom of the opening, and concrete hanging columns are installed on both sides of the opening. The concrete coping and the concrete hanging columns are cast as a whole. The partition wall panels below the hanging columns are arranged using standard panels plus supplementary panels, and rearranged from the edge of the hanging columns to both sides.

[0052] Referring to Appendix 9 (detailed drawing of the top opening of the suspended column and the top cap reinforcement node), the following explanations are provided: The concrete suspended column is a tension cantilever member, and the column reinforcement must be a continuous, single-strand steel bar. Segmented splicing and lap joints are strictly prohibited to avoid tensile failure at the joints under tension. The continuous steel bar of the suspended column is anchored downwards into the concrete capping, with the anchorage length meeting seismic anchorage requirements. The capping itself is equipped with continuous steel bars, with both ends anchored into the suspended columns on both sides, also meeting seismic anchorage length requirements. The stirrups of the suspended column and capping are configured according to structural requirements, and the suspended column and capping are cast-in-place integrally to form a unified load-bearing node. During the rebar installation stage, the upper end of the continuous steel bar of the suspended column is connected to the upper main structural beam via rebar installation. The rebar installation depth is determined according to the calculation formula for tensioned suspended column reinforcement. After the rebar installation is completed, a pull-out test must be conducted on-site. Only after the test is passed can the concrete for the suspended column and capping be poured.

[0053] Figure 9. Construction sequence of nodes: ① Reinforcing bars are installed on the main beam, and the entire length of the reinforcing bar of the hanging column is inserted; ② The stirrups and capping bars of the hanging column are tied; ③ The formwork for the hanging column and capping is erected; ④ The concrete of the hanging column and capping is poured in one go and must not be poured separately; ⑤ After the concrete reaches the design strength, the lower partition wall panels are arranged and installed.

[0054] The seventh scenario: The opening is located at the bottom of the wall panel and the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold.

[0055] As shown in Figure 8, when the through-wall opening is located at the bottom of the partition wall and the opening width is greater than 800mm, a concrete lintel is installed at the top of the opening, and short concrete columns are installed on both sides of the opening. The concrete lintel and the short concrete columns are cast as a whole. The partition wall panels above the short columns are arranged using a standard panel plus supplementary panels, and are rearranged from the edge of the short columns to both sides.

[0056] Scenario 8: Doorway Location. For large, high-ceilinged doorways, if partition walls are used, standard partition walls must be arranged from the doorway outwards. See Figure 12. Figure 12 shows a large doorway node; a cast-in-place lintel is installed above the doorway, extending at least 200mm into the partition wall support; standard partition walls and supplementary panels are arranged sequentially from the doorway outwards on both sides above the lintel; L-shaped steel clips are used to reinforce the corners of the doorway; U-shaped steel clips are installed at vertical intervals of @600mm, and the positions of all connectors are determined by the BIM detailed layout drawing.

[0057] Ninth scenario: When the fire hydrant is located on one or both sides of a partition wall, starting from the standard slab, the lintel extends 200mm into the partition wall and is cast in place. The fire hydrant riser passes through the lintel. No partition wall is installed on the riser section; instead, a light steel frame and a silicate cover plate are used for enclosure. The top of the lintel is fitted with a standard slab and a supplementary slab separately. See Figures 10 and 11. In Figure 10, at the fire hydrant opening elevation node, the fire hydrant riser passes through the lintel; the lintel extends at least 200mm into the partition wall to support the hydrant; the fire hydrant box is located below the opening, and a standard slab and a supplementary slab are arranged above the opening; the slab joints are fixed with U-shaped steel clips, and the bottom corners of the opening are reinforced with L-shaped steel clips; no partition wall is installed at the fire hydrant riser location, leaving a cavity. In Figure 11, the top image shows a fire hydrant opening without a partition wall, using C50 light steel keel and calcium silicate board for enclosure, with the riser passing through the cavity; the bottom image shows a cast-in-place reinforced concrete lintel scheme, with the lintel configured with main reinforcement and opening reinforcement stirrups, and the fire hydrant riser passing through a pre-reserved sleeve in the cast-in-place lintel. Both schemes can be used for the fire hydrant box area, and the selection should be made according to project requirements during BIM development.

[0058] (ii) Determine the location of structural columns based on the length of the wall. In this embodiment, when the length of a single wall exceeds 6 meters, a structural column is installed within the wall. The structural column is 200mm wide and its thickness is the same as the wall thickness. Using positioning calculation logic, the structural column is preferentially placed at the vertical joint between two standard partition wall panels, avoiding the end of the partition wall panel containing the through-wall opening by at least 600mm. Structural columns must not be placed inside a single partition wall panel, and no structural columns are allowed within the wall end patch area. If the calculated patch width is less than 200mm, the panel division should be adjusted to ensure the patch width is not less than 200mm, minimizing the amount of partition wall panel cutting. The longitudinal reinforcement of the structural column is connected to the main structural beams and slabs using rebar anchoring. The anchoring depth is determined according to the formula for calculating compressed rebar. Concrete can only be poured after a successful on-site pull-out test following the rebar anchoring.

[0059] (iii) Partition wall panel numbering Based on the above layout, determine the actual width and height dimensions of each partition wall panel. Number each partition wall panel using the format "wall number-panel number", such as Q1-1, Q1-2, etc., and label the actual width and height dimensions of each panel.

[0060] Step S5: Output Detailed Layout Drawings and Material List: Based on the layout design results of Step S4, output detailed layout drawings and a material list for the partition walls. The detailed layout drawings include: partition wall layout diagrams for each wall, structural column location diagrams, opening location details, and connector (steel clip) location diagrams. The partition wall material list includes quantity statistics for each specification of partition wall: the number of standard whole panels, the number of cut panels of each size, the number of lintel panels, and the number of reinforcing panels. Submit the material list to the precast partition wall manufacturer for customized production according to the list.

[0061] Step S6, On-site Construction: Based on the detailed layout drawings from Step S5, conduct on-site layout and positioning to determine the location of structural columns, openings, and the installation position of each partition wall panel. Construct the structural columns and lintels. After the structural columns and lintels reach the design strength, install the precast partition wall panels.

[0062] Specifically, it includes the following sub-processes:

[0063] (a) Laying out and positioning Based on the detailed layout drawings output in step S5, conduct on-site measurements and layout. Lay out the wall axis lines and control lines, and determine the edge lines of each wall, the position lines of structural columns, the position lines of openings, and the installation position lines of each partition wall panel.

[0064] (II) Construction of structural columns and lintels According to the layout and positioning results, the reinforcement of the structural columns is tied, the formwork is erected, and the concrete is poured. For small-diameter pipelines (openings ≤100mm) that need to pass through the structural columns and cannot be bypassed, sleeves are pre-embedded before the concrete is poured for the structural columns. The lintels are constructed simultaneously with the structural columns to ensure reliable joint connections. The next step can only be carried out after the concrete strength of the structural columns and lintels reaches 75% of the design strength.

[0065] (III) Installation of prefabricated partition walls After the structural columns and lintels have reached their design strength, the precast partition wall panels will be positioned and installed. The installation sequence will follow the numbering order determined in step S4, ensuring that each panel is installed in the position specified in the design.

[0066] (iv) Positioning and installation of precast partition wall panel connectors The installation positions of the connectors are determined based on the detailed layout drawings. U-shaped steel clips are used to fix the partition panels to the structural beams at the joints, and swastika-shaped steel clips are used at the butt joints. The vertical spacing of the connectors should not exceed 600mm; at the connection points with structural walls and columns, the distance from the first connector to the ground should not exceed 500mm, and the vertical spacing of the connectors should not exceed 1000mm. The installation positions of all connectors are determined according to the detailed layout drawings to avoid deviations in connection positions caused by arbitrary on-site placement.

[0067] (v) Finishing construction After all the prefabricated partition walls are installed, the joints between the panels will be treated, the walls will be repaired, and the walls will be inspected.

[0068] Through the above steps S1 to S6, this embodiment fully realizes the entire construction process of large-space prefabricated partition wall panels based on BIM technology, from detailed design to precise on-site installation.

[0069] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that an automated layout plugin tool is used in step S4, which involves detailed layout of the prefabricated partition panels. A layout plugin for converting walls into prefabricated partition panels is created through secondary development based on the Revit platform. After importing the wall model into the plugin, the plugin automatically calculates the layout of the partition panels according to preset layout rules (standard panel width 600mm, minimum patch panel width 200mm, opening grading rules, etc.), and outputs the dimensions and number of each partition panel. The other steps S1 to S6 in this embodiment are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0070] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the prefabricated partition wall panel mentioned in step S6 is an ALC lightweight partition wall panel. The partition wall panels are installed using a special adhesive to bond the panel joints, with the joint width controlled between 10mm and 20mm. The other steps S1 to S6 in this embodiment are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0071] The BIM-based method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls provided by this invention can be widely applied to the construction of prefabricated partition walls in large-space public buildings such as airport terminals, stadiums, convention centers, large hospitals, and large commercial complexes. This detailed layout method achieves integrated collaborative design of mechanical and electrical pipelines and partition walls through BIM technology, establishing a complete system of structural processing and layout rules based on opening size classification. It effectively solves technical problems in traditional construction such as pipeline penetration damaging the wall structure, arbitrary on-site cutting wasting materials, and frequent quality defects, demonstrating significant industrial practical value and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0072] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a comprehensive BIM model: Based on the architectural construction drawings, structural construction drawings, and construction drawings of various mechanical and electrical disciplines, integrate and establish a comprehensive BIM model that includes the architectural structure model, prefabricated partition wall panel model, and comprehensive layout model of mechanical and electrical pipelines. Optimize the comprehensive layout and net height of the mechanical and electrical pipelines, and output the layout diagram of the mechanical and electrical pipelines. S2. Collision Detection and Wall Penetration Location Marking: Collision detection is performed between the integrated layout model of electromechanical pipelines, the prefabricated partition wall model, and the building structure model, and the collision points are output. For the detected collisions between pipelines and walls, the following rules are followed: If the pipeline can avoid the wall by offsetting, the pipeline route is adjusted to avoid the wall; If the pipeline cannot avoid the wall, the location and size of the opening through the wall are marked on the prefabricated partition wall model. S3. Classification and labeling of wall penetrations: Based on the opening dimensions marked in step S2, classify and label the wall penetrations on each wall. S4. Precast Partition Panel Layout: Based on the opening markings and wall length from step S3, design the layout of the precast partition panels. This layout design includes: determining the structural reinforcement measures around the opening and the partition panel arrangement rules based on the opening width; determining the location of structural columns by combining the wall length and the vertical joint position of the partition panels; ensuring the structural columns meet the mandatory requirement of a maximum wall spacing of no more than 6m, and prioritizing their placement at the vertical joint of two standard partition panels to avoid the structural column body falling inside a single partition panel; when the net wall length cannot be divided by the standard panel width, an end plate is installed with a width of not less than 200mm, and no structural columns are installed within the end plate section; if the calculated end plate width is less than 200mm, the partition panel section division is adjusted; the distance between the edge of the structural column and the end of the wall panel where the through-wall opening is located is not less than 600mm. The reinforcing bars of structural columns and hanging columns are connected to the upper main structure by rebar anchoring; the reinforcing bars of hanging columns are made of continuous whole bars, and segmented splicing and lap joints are not allowed; the reinforcing bars of compression structural columns and tension hanging columns are anchored at the corresponding anchoring depths; the actual width and height of each partition wall panel are determined according to the layout results, and each partition wall panel is numbered in sequence. S5. Output detailed layout drawings and material list: Based on the layout design results of step S4, output detailed layout drawings and partition board material list; S6. On-site construction: Based on the detailed layout drawings in step S5, conduct on-site layout and positioning to determine the location of structural columns, openings, and the installation position of each partition wall panel; after the rebar installation process is accepted, carry out the construction of structural columns and lintels; after the structural columns and lintels reach the design strength, install the precast partition wall panels.

2. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the collision detection adopts a two-dimensional collision detection rule to detect the collision between electromechanical pipelines and structural columns, as well as the overlap and conflict between electromechanical pipelines and the vertical joints of prefabricated partition walls.

3. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the labeling content includes the opening number, opening width, opening height, opening center elevation or bottom elevation, and horizontal distance from the opening to the wall end; rows of pipes with the same specifications and the same elevation are combined into one rectangular opening for labeling.

4. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the structural reinforcement measures around the opening and the arrangement rules of the partition walls are determined according to the width of the opening, specifically including: When the opening width is less than or equal to the first preset width threshold, the center line of the standard partition wall is aligned with the center line of the opening and arranged to ensure that the distance between the edge of the opening and the end of the partition wall is not less than the preset minimum distance. When the opening width is greater than the first preset width threshold and less than or equal to the second preset width threshold, the center line of the opening is aligned with the joint between the two adjacent partition walls. When the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold, structural columns are set on both sides of the opening, and a reinforced concrete lintel is set above the opening. Then, partition walls are arranged from the edges of the structural columns on both sides of the opening towards both ends.

5. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, when the through-wall opening is located at the top of the partition wall and the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold, and the distance from the lower end of the opening to the top structure is ≤1200mm, a concrete capping is set at the bottom of the opening, and concrete hanging columns are set on both sides of the opening; the reinforcing bars of the hanging columns are continuous steel bars, and it is forbidden to set lap joints in sections. The reinforcing bars of the hanging columns are anchored into the capping for no less than the seismic anchorage length; the capping reinforcing bars are continuous steel bars, and are anchored into the hanging columns for no less than the seismic anchorage length; the concrete capping and the concrete hanging columns are cast as a whole, and the partition wall panels below the hanging columns are arranged from the edge of the hanging columns to both sides. When it is necessary to add panels, the width of the panels should not be less than 200mm, and no structural columns are arranged in the panel section.

6. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, when the through-wall opening is located at the bottom of the partition wall and the width of the opening is greater than the second preset width threshold, a concrete lintel is set at the top of the opening and short concrete columns are set on both sides of the opening. The concrete lintel and the short concrete columns are cast as a whole, and the partition wall above the short columns is arranged from the edge of the short columns to both sides.

7. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, when one side of the through-wall opening is a structural wall column and the opening width is less than the third preset width threshold, standard partition wall panels are arranged from one side of the structural wall column to the other side; when one side of the opening is a structural wall column and the opening width is greater than the third preset width threshold, a lintel or coping is set at the top of the opening, and a hanging column is set on the other side of the opening. The hanging column steel bars are made of continuous whole steel bars and cannot be segmented. The hanging column and the lintel or coping are cast as a whole; the precast partition wall panel layout uses standard 600mm wide precast partition wall panels, the minimum patch width is 200mm, no structural columns are set in the patch area, and the wall panel panels should be re-divided when the patch width is less than 200mm.

8. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 also includes the arrangement rules of fire hydrant openings and door openings; the length of the fire hydrant opening lintel extending into the partition wall support is not less than 200mm, the fire hydrant riser is not arranged with partition wall, and is sealed with light steel keel and calcium silicate board; a cast-in-place lintel is set above the door opening, the lintel extending into the partition wall support is not less than 200mm, and partition wall is arranged on both sides from the opening on the upper part of the lintel.

9. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, After the rebar installation is completed, an on-site pull-out test must be conducted. Only after the pull-out test is passed can subsequent rebar concealment and concrete pouring operations be carried out. The rebar installation depth of compression structural columns and tension hanging columns shall be determined according to the "Technical Specification for Post-Anchoring of Concrete Structures" JGJ145.

10. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, on-site construction also includes the positioning and installation of prefabricated partition wall panel connectors: the installation positions of the connectors at the joints and butt joints of the partition walls are determined according to the detailed layout drawings; the joints of the partition walls are fixed with U-shaped steel clips, and the butt joints of the partition walls are fixed with swastika-shaped steel clips; L-shaped steel clips are added to the corners of the openings for reinforcement; the vertical spacing of the connectors is no more than 600mm, and the distance from the ground to the first connector at the position connected to the structural wall column is no more than 500mm.

11. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the prefabricated partition wall panel is an ALC lightweight partition wall panel, the joints are bonded with a special adhesive, and the joint width is controlled between 10mm and 20mm.

12. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, An automated layout plugin was developed using the Revit platform. The wall model was imported into the plugin, which included constraints on the layout of structural columns, rules for the graded processing of openings, rules for verifying the width of patch panels, and constraints on the continuous reinforcement of hanging columns. The plugin automatically calculated the layout of partition panels and output the dimensions, number, and coordinates of each partition panel and structural column. When the calculated patch panel width was less than 200mm, the plugin automatically prompted and triggered panel adjustment.

13. The method for detailed layout of large-space partition walls based on BIM technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural column positioning calculation rules and rebar anchoring calculation formula are as follows: The standard width of the lightweight partition board is B0 = 600mm, and the minimum patch width is B. min =200mm; 1) Structural columns should be positioned at the vertical joint between two standard partition walls to avoid the column falling within the area of ​​a single partition wall panel, thus reducing wall panel cutting. Standard original width panels should be used preferentially. When the total net length of the wall cannot be divided evenly by the standard panel width, supplementary panels are allowed, but the width of the supplementary panels shall not be less than B. min =200mm; 2) Set constraints for structural columns: ① Mandatory condition in the standard: Spacing L of structural columns gz ≤6000mm; ② Layout constraints: The center line of the structural column coincides with the vertical joint of the wall panel; the distance between the edge line of the structural column and the end of the wall panel where the through-wall opening is located is ≥600mm; the structural column shall not fall inside the body of the patch panel; 3) Calculation logic for structural column positioning: When the net length of the wall is L wall For an integer multiple of the standard board width: X gz =n×B0; When the net length of the wall is L wall When the width of the structural column is not an integer multiple of the standard plate width, and end plates are present: Positioning coordinate X of the structural column gz =n×B0, the range of structural columns needs to exclude the end patch plate section, and structural columns are only arranged in the standard plate joint area or the connection area between the standard plate and the patch plate. n is the number of standard partition wall panels, rounded to the nearest integer; B0 is the width of the standard partition wall panel, rounded to 600 mm. End reinforcing plate width B bu =L wall -n×B0, which shall satisfy B min ≤B bu <B0; if the calculated reinforcing plate width is less than 200mm, the plate division shall be adjusted, and the plates shall be merged or adjusted to ensure that the reinforcing plate width is not less than 200mm; 4) The reinforcement of structural columns shall be taken as the value of compression reinforcement: L s =max(0.6Lb, 10d, 100mm); Concrete hanging column: The reinforcing bars of the hanging column must be continuous whole bars. The bars must not be spliced ​​in sections or have lap joints to prevent insufficient tensile strength at the joints under tension conditions; Hanging column rebar depth: L s =max(1.5×0.3Lb, 10d, 100mm); where: L s Depth of reinforcing bar installation under compression (mm); L s 'Deepness of reinforcing bar installation for tensioned columns (mm); L b Post-anchoring basic anchorage depth (mm); d nominal diameter of steel bar (mm); After the steel bar is installed, a pull-out test must be performed on site, and the next process can only be carried out if the anchorage bearing capacity requirement is met.

Images