A riverway vegetation concrete retaining wall design method based on multi-target decision

Abstract

The application discloses a river vegetation concrete retaining wall design method based on multi-target decision-making, which comprises the following steps: collecting multi-source data of a target river, dividing river sections along the course and identifying typical river section types; constructing an ecological reconstruction measure library containing multi-class reconstruction measures, corresponding parameters, applicable ranges and multi-dimensional evaluation functions; establishing a multi-target evaluation index system; constructing a matching rule library, combining case reasoning intelligent matching and screening to obtain a candidate scheme set; comprehensively evaluating and determining a recommended scheme by using a multi-attribute utility function method; optimizing key parameters through parameter sensitivity analysis to obtain a final design scheme. The measure library comprises a wall-mounted flower groove type, a vegetation concrete type, a composite reconstruction type and a composite reconstruction type formed by combination of the two or three types. Different structure types correspond to different bank slope forms, such as vertical retaining wall composite reconstruction, slope revetment composite reconstruction, straight and inclined composite revetment reconstruction and the like, and can meet the reconstruction requirements of various typical river sections.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological transformation of urban riverbank protection is an important research direction in the field of water conservancy engineering. Traditional riverbank protection mainly uses hard materials such as concrete and masonry, which, while meeting the safety requirements for flood control and soil retention, disrupts the connectivity of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and damages the continuity and biodiversity of the river ecosystem. Currently, many river management projects in China have implemented ecological transformation of riverbank protection, resulting in a variety of transformation technologies.

[0003] However, existing design methods mainly focus on the modification decisions of vertical revetments. For more complex revetment forms such as sloping revetments and composite vertical and sloping revetments, an effective scheme selection and parameter optimization mechanism has not yet been established. As a result, when facing different types of revetments in engineering practice, we still mainly rely on experience-based judgment and lack scientific and quantitative design basis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] On one hand, this application provides a method for designing riverbank vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making, including: collecting multi-source data of the target river; dividing the target river into multiple river segments based on the multi-source data; identifying the typical river segment type to which each river segment belongs; constructing a library of ecological transformation measures for riverbank protection, the library including multiple types of ecological transformation measures and corresponding technical parameters, applicable scope, and multi-dimensional evaluation functions for each type of measure; establishing a multi-objective evaluation index system for ecological transformation schemes of riverbank protection, wherein the multiple objectives include ecological benefits, structural safety, and economic efficiency; constructing a measure matching rule library; selecting a set of candidate measure schemes from the measure library according to the typical river segment type and the measure matching rule library; comprehensively evaluating the set of candidate measure schemes using the multi-attribute utility function method to determine the recommended scheme; and using the parameter sensitivity analysis method to locally optimize the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme to obtain the final ecological optimization design scheme.

[0006] It should be noted that vegetation concrete is an important structural type in the ecological transformation of riverbank protection, possessing both structural protection and ecological restoration functions. This application focuses on vegetation concrete-related structural types as its core research object, constructing an ecological transformation measure library covering hanging flower troughs, vegetation concrete types (including sloping, straight wall, and interlayered planted stone revetments), and composite transformation types, to achieve multi-objective optimization of ecological transformation schemes.

[0007] As a preferred implementation, the multi-source data of the target river includes river hydraulic characteristics data, geological conditions data, surrounding land use data, and ecological sensitivity data.

[0008] As a preferred implementation, the step of dividing the target river into multiple river segments and identifying the typical river segment type of each segment includes: using a clustering algorithm to perform cluster analysis on the multi-source data to divide the target river into high-velocity scouring river segments, slow-flowing siltation river segments, river segments with large water level fluctuations, ecologically sensitive river segments, and landscape-requirement river segments.

[0009] As a preferred implementation, each record in the measure library includes the measure type, technical parameters, applicable scope, ecological benefit function, structural impact function, cost function, and construction difficulty coefficient.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the types of measures in the measure library include wall-mounted flower troughs, vegetation concrete, and composite renovations;

[0011] The wall-mounted flower troughs are a type of renovation measure that involves setting up flower troughs on the top or surface of a retaining wall and planting hanging plants. The corresponding parameters include the spacing between flower troughs, the depth of the flower troughs, the width of the flower troughs, the thickness of the planting soil, and the types of plants.

[0012] The vegetation concrete includes three structural types: sloping vegetation concrete slope protection, vertical wall vegetation concrete, and alternating layered vegetation and rock revetment.

[0013] The sloping vegetation concrete revegetation slope protection is a type of slope revegetation bank protection surface covered with vegetation concrete containing plant seeds.

[0014] The straight wall type vegetation concrete is a modification measure that sprays vegetation concrete containing plant seeds onto the surface of a retaining wall to form a vegetation cover layer. The corresponding parameters include spraying thickness, concrete strength grade, seed ratio, and anchoring method.

[0015] The planted stone interlayer revegetation type of vegetation concrete is a modification measure in which plain concrete is used to grout the stones to the retaining wall in front of the retaining wall and planting soil is filled between the stones. The corresponding parameters include the stone particle size range, concrete filling depth, and planting soil thickness.

[0016] The composite modification category is a combination of any two or three or more of the above-mentioned measures, including:

[0017] Composite renovation of vertical retaining walls: The lower part of the retaining wall adopts a vegetation concrete measure with alternating layers of planted stones, while the wall body and top of the wall adopt a hanging flower trough measure.

[0018] Composite renovation of slope protection: The slope surface adopts slope-type vegetation concrete protection measures, the slope foot adopts planted stone interlayer protection measures, and the slope top adopts hanging flower trough measures, forming a multi-layer ecological protection structure from the slope foot to the slope top.

[0019] Vertical and sloping composite revetment renovation: In the area where the vertical retaining wall section and the sloping revetment section meet, the above measures are combined to carry out continuous ecological renovation and eliminate ecological breakpoints.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the hydroseeding thickness of the straight-wall vegetation concrete is 130mm-150mm. The hydroseeding base layer uses vegetation concrete with a 3-day unconfined compressive strength of not less than 0.38MPa, a pH value of 6.0-8.5, and an organic matter content of 5g / kg-30g / kg. The erosion velocity of the vegetation concrete is not less than 2m / s. In the planted stone interlayer revetment vegetation concrete, C20 plain concrete is used to grout and embed the stones into the retaining wall. The stones are configured in a 3:5:2 ratio of large, medium, and small sizes. The large stones have a particle size of 300mm-500mm, the medium stones have a particle size of 150mm-300mm, and the small stones have a particle size of 50mm-150mm. The gaps between the stones are filled with planting soil, and a gravel drainage layer with a thickness of not less than 80mm is set below the planting soil.

[0021] As a preferred implementation, the multi-objective evaluation index system includes ecological benefit indicators, structural safety indicators, and economic indicators; the ecological benefit indicators include vegetation coverage increase, biodiversity index, water purification capacity, and landscape harmony; the structural safety indicators include anti-sliding stability safety factor, anti-overturning stability safety factor, and foundation bearing capacity safety factor; the economic indicators include unit length project cost, life-cycle maintenance cost, and construction period.

[0022] As a preferred implementation, the measure matching rule base is constructed based on numerical simulation and engineering experience. The rule base includes matching rules for river section types and transformation measures, including: ecologically sensitive river sections are matched with rock-planted interlayer revetment measures or composite transformation measures; landscape-required river sections are matched with hanging flower troughs or composite transformation measures. When screening the candidate measure scheme set, the corresponding measures are first initially matched from the measure base according to the typical river section type, and then a case-based reasoning method is used to match the feature parameters of the target river section with the typical cases in the rule base to obtain the candidate measure scheme set.

[0023] As a preferred implementation, the comprehensive evaluation using the multi-attribute utility function method includes:

[0024] Each evaluation indicator is dimensionless, and the basic weight coefficients of each indicator are determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Then, based on the preset ecological protection level, safety level and economic constraints of the target river section, the ecological benefit weight, structural safety weight and economic weight are dynamically adjusted by predefined rules. Finally, the comprehensive utility value of each candidate scheme is calculated. The scheme with the highest comprehensive utility value is determined as the recommended scheme, and a multi-objective comparison radar chart of each candidate scheme is output.

[0025] As a preferred implementation, the method of using parameter sensitivity analysis to locally optimize the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme includes: making small disturbances around the initial values ​​of the parameters of the recommended scheme, calling the ecological benefit function, structural influence function and cost function in the measure library, calculating the comprehensive utility value of each disturbance scheme, and determining the optimal parameter combination; after optimization, outputting a design report that includes the recommended measure type, optimized technical parameters, predicted values ​​of evaluation indicators, construction drawings and maintenance management suggestions.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, at least one of the above technical solutions has one of the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The measures library in this application includes wall-mounted flower troughs, vegetation concrete, and composite renovation measures, as well as composite renovation measures formed by combining two or three of the above types. Different structural types correspond to different bank slope morphologies, such as vertical retaining wall composite renovation, sloping bank revetment composite renovation, and straight-sloping composite bank revetment renovation, which can meet the renovation needs of various typical river sections, such as high-velocity scouring, slow-flowing siltation, large water level fluctuations, ecologically sensitive, and landscape-requirement types. In addition, by establishing a multi-structural-type measures library and matching rules between river conditions and structural types, designers can quickly locate suitable bank revetment structural types and their key parameter combinations based on the characteristics of the target river section, such as flow velocity conditions, bank slope morphology, and ecological sensitivity. This transforms the traditional experience-based selection process into a standardized process with evidence, significantly improving the scientific nature and pertinence of the design compared to existing technologies that rely on engineering experience for scheme selection. A quantitative matching model between river section characteristics and ecological renovation measures has been established.

[0028] 2. This application incorporates ecological benefits, structural safety, and economic efficiency into a unified evaluation framework, and uses the multi-attribute utility function method for quantitative comparison, providing designers with a scientific basis for decision-making, avoiding subjectivity and arbitrariness in scheme selection, and constructing a multi-objective comprehensive evaluation and decision support system.

[0029] 3. This application not only recommends the types of measures, but also optimizes the key technical parameters through parameter sensitivity analysis to ensure that the design scheme reaches the optimum in a local range, thus realizing the systematic optimization of design parameters.

[0030] 4. Through scientific scheme matching and parameter optimization, this application can reduce the project cost by 15%-25% while ensuring ecological benefits and structural safety, and at the same time reduce rework and modification costs caused by improper scheme selection.

[0031] 5. The measures and rules library of this application can be continuously updated and improved based on the accumulation of engineering practice, so that the design method has the ability to continuously learn and evolve and has good scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for designing a river channel vegetation concrete retaining wall based on multi-objective decision-making, according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0035] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0036] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0037] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0038] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] In this embodiment, the method can be executed by a computer device. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, and an input / output interface. The memory stores program instructions, and the processor executes the river channel vegetation concrete retaining wall design method based on multi-objective decision-making disclosed in this application by running the program instructions. Multi-source data can be collected and input into the computer device through channels such as measuring instruments, hydrological monitoring stations, geological survey data, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Those skilled in the art will understand that the above method can be executed by a computer device, and this embodiment does not limit the specific form of the computer device executing the above method.

[0042] See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making, including:

[0043] S100. Collect multi-source data of the target river channel, divide the target river channel into multiple river segments based on the multi-source data, and identify the typical river segment type to which each river segment belongs.

[0044] S200. Construct a database of ecological transformation measures for riverbank protection. The database includes various types of ecological transformation measures and their corresponding technical parameters, applicable scope, and multi-dimensional evaluation functions.

[0045] S300. Establish a multi-objective evaluation index system for the ecological transformation scheme of riverbank protection; among which, the multi-objectives include ecological benefits, structural safety, and economic efficiency; the ecological benefits include the increase in vegetation coverage (the predicted ratio of vegetation coverage area after transformation to that before transformation), biodiversity index (calculated based on the number of plant species and habitat heterogeneity), water purification capacity (estimated based on the interception efficiency of pollutants by vegetation belts), and landscape harmony (based on the matching degree score of color, texture and surrounding environment); structural safety includes anti-sliding stability safety factor (calculated based on the self-weight of retaining wall, earth pressure, and water pressure), anti-overturning stability safety factor, and foundation bearing capacity safety factor; economic efficiency includes the unit length project cost, the whole life cycle maintenance cost, and the construction period.

[0046] S400. Construct a rule base for matching measures. Based on the typical river section type and the rule base for matching measures, select a set of candidate measure schemes from the rule base.

[0047] S500. The multi-attribute utility function method is used to comprehensively evaluate the set of candidate measures and determine the recommended solution.

[0048] S600. The key technical parameters of the recommended scheme are locally optimized using the parameter sensitivity analysis method to obtain the final ecological optimization design scheme.

[0049] The multi-source data for the target river includes river hydraulic characteristics data, geological conditions data, surrounding land use data, and ecological sensitivity data.

[0050] In this embodiment, the multi-source data for the target river includes river hydraulic characteristics data, geological condition data, surrounding land use data, and ecological sensitivity data, specifically:

[0051] River hydraulic characteristics data include design flood level, flow velocity distribution, and scour depth;

[0052] Geological data includes foundation bearing capacity, soil type, and permeability coefficient;

[0053] The surrounding land use data includes four categories: residential area, commercial area, ecological protection area, and industrial area.

[0054] Ecological sensitivity data include current vegetation coverage, distribution of fish habitats, and water quality targets.

[0055] After collecting the multi-source data, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to perform cluster analysis, dividing the target river channel into multiple river segments and identifying the typical river segment type for each segment. Typical river segment types include: high-velocity scouring segments, slow-flowing sedimentation segments, segments with large water level fluctuations, ecologically sensitive segments, and segments requiring specific landscape features. Different types of typical river segments exhibit significant differences in hydraulic conditions, geological conditions, ecological sensitivity, and surrounding land use, necessitating tailored ecological restoration measures.

[0056] Specifically, before performing cluster analysis on multi-source data, the data of each dimension are first standardized to eliminate the influence of different dimensions. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm is used for clustering, and the optimal number of clusters is determined based on the silhouette coefficient. After clustering, each category is mapped to a preset typical river section type based on the comprehensive characteristics of hydraulic conditions, geological conditions, surrounding land use attributes, and ecological sensitivity of the cluster centers. These include high-velocity scouring river sections, slow-flowing sedimentation river sections, river sections with large water level fluctuations, ecologically sensitive river sections, and river sections with landscape requirements.

[0057] In this embodiment, the feature data of each dimension are first subjected to Z-score standardization to eliminate the influence of different units:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, This represents the original value of the j-th river segment sample on the m-th dimension feature; and denoted as the mean and standard deviation of all samples on the m-th feature, respectively.

[0060] The similarity between samples and cluster centers is measured using Euclidean distance:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, p j c is the feature vector of the j-th river segment sample; k Let be the vector of the k-th cluster center; M is the total number of feature dimensions. The clustering process aims to minimize the sum of squared distances between all samples and their respective cluster centers.

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, K is the number of clusters; c k Let K be the set of samples contained in the k-th cluster. The silhouette coefficient is used to evaluate the clustering effect of different numbers of clusters K, and the K value corresponding to the largest silhouette coefficient is selected as the optimal number of clusters.

[0065] The target river channel is divided into multiple segments, and the typical segment type to which each segment belongs is identified, including:

[0066] Clustering algorithms were used to perform cluster analysis on multi-source data, and the target river was divided into high-velocity scouring river sections, slow-flowing siltation river sections, river sections with large water level fluctuations, ecologically sensitive river sections, and river sections with landscape requirements.

[0067] Each record in the measures database includes the measure type, technical parameters, scope of application, ecological benefit function, structural impact function, cost function, and construction difficulty coefficient.

[0068] Among them, the ecological benefit function, structural impact function, and cost function are mapping relationships established based on experimental data or numerical simulations, used to calculate the corresponding ecological benefit value, structural impact value, and cost value according to the technical parameters of the measures; the specific form of each function can be determined according to engineering practice and numerical simulation results, and the specific function form is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0069] The types of measures in the measure library include wall-mounted flower troughs, vegetation concrete, and composite renovations;

[0070] The wall-mounted flower troughs are a type of renovation measure that involves setting up flower troughs on the top or surface of a retaining wall and planting hanging plants. The corresponding parameters include the spacing between flower troughs, the depth of the flower troughs, the width of the flower troughs, the thickness of the planting soil, and the types of plants.

[0071] The vegetation concrete includes three structural types: sloping vegetation concrete slope protection, vertical wall vegetation concrete, and alternating layered vegetation and rock revetment.

[0072] The sloping vegetation concrete revegetation slope protection is a type of slope revegetation bank protection surface covered with vegetation concrete containing plant seeds.

[0073] The straight-wall vegetation concrete includes an internal porous brick modification structure to reduce the slope.

[0074] The straight wall type vegetation concrete is a modification measure that sprays vegetation concrete containing plant seeds onto the surface of a retaining wall to form a vegetation cover layer. The corresponding parameters include spraying thickness, concrete strength grade, seed ratio, and anchoring method.

[0075] The planted stone interlayer revegetation type of vegetation concrete is a modification measure in which plain concrete is used to grout the stones to the retaining wall in front of the retaining wall and planting soil is filled between the stones. The corresponding parameters include the stone particle size range, concrete filling depth, and planting soil thickness.

[0076] Specifically, sloping vegetation concrete revegetation can be implemented by combining honeycomb cell revegetation with vegetation concrete:

[0077] Honeycomb cell + vegetated concrete slope protection is used to lay honeycomb cells on the surface of existing hexagonal block slopes or hardened slopes. The cell height is 100mm-150mm, and the cell area is no more than 0.2m². A vegetated concrete base layer containing plant seeds is laid in the honeycomb cells, with a base layer thickness of 130mm-150mm. A No. 12 wire mesh is laid in the base layer as a reinforcement layer, with a mesh size of 50mm×50mm, and reinforced by anchor grouting. The anchor length is 600mm-1000mm, and the spacing is 0.5m-0.75m. A vegetated concrete surface layer containing plant seeds is then laid on top of the base layer, with a surface layer thickness of 20mm-30mm. C25 concrete capping and C25 concrete drainage ditches / curb stones are set at the top and bottom of the slope protection, respectively. It is suitable for slope protection with a slope ratio ≤1:2.0 and river sections with a water flow velocity not exceeding 2.5m / s.

[0078] Specifically, the implementation method can be referred to in Table 1 below: (Data for sloping vegetation concrete slope protection) Table 1

[0079]

[0080] Specifically, Table 1 shows the parameters for the honeycomb grid + vegetation concrete slope protection (corresponding to the right bank from TZS16+250 to TZS16+650): Vegetation concrete (base layer 13cm + surface layer 2cm): 4882.76m²; C25 reinforced concrete grid: 136.65m³; C25 concrete coping: 41.58m³; Planting soil: 501.90m³; Turf: 1619.03m².

[0081] In vertical wall-type vegetation concrete, the spraying thickness is 130mm to 150mm, and the spraying base layer is vegetation concrete with a 3-day unconfined compressive strength of not less than 0.38MPa, a pH value of 6.0 to 8.5, and an organic matter content of 5g / kg to 30g / kg.

[0082] In the vegetated concrete revetment with alternating layers of rocks, C20 plain concrete is used to grout and fix the rocks to the retaining wall.

[0083] The stones are arranged in three sizes: large, medium, and small, in a ratio of 3:5:2. The large stones have a particle size of 300mm to 500mm, the medium stones have a particle size of 150mm to 300mm, and the small stones have a particle size of 50mm to 150mm. The gaps between the stones are filled with planting soil, and a gravel drainage layer with a thickness of not less than 80mm is set below the planting soil.

[0084] Wall-mounted flower troughs: Flower troughs are installed on the top or surface of retaining walls to plant hanging plants and cover the whitewashed wall surface. Corresponding parameters include trough spacing, trough depth, trough width, planting soil thickness, and plant species. This type of measure is easy to construct, has low maintenance costs, and is suitable for river sections with low flow velocity and predominantly siltation.

[0085] Vertical wall vegetated concrete: Vegetated concrete containing plant seeds is sprayed onto the surface of the retaining wall to form a vegetation cover layer. Corresponding parameters include spraying thickness, concrete strength grade, seed mix ratio, and anchoring method. In one embodiment, the vegetated concrete thickness is 130mm–150mm, and the base layer and surface layer are sprayed in stages. The sprayed base layer uses vegetated concrete with a 3-day unconfined compressive strength of not less than 0.38MPa, a pH value of 6.0–8.5, and an organic matter content of 5g / kg–30g / kg. After repair, the vegetation coverage rate of the retaining wall surface is not less than 95%. Anchoring uses anchor rods with a diameter of 22mm, an anchoring length of 2.5m, and a spacing of 1.0m, fixed with φ10@200 bidirectional steel mesh and PVC-coated galvanized chain link mesh, with the anchor rods arranged in a quincunx pattern.

[0086] For river sections with high landscape requirements, straight-wall vegetation concrete can be used.

[0087] Planted stone interlayer revegetation with vegetation concrete: C20 plain concrete is used to grout stones of different sizes to the retaining wall in front of it, with planting soil filling the gaps between the stones. Corresponding parameters include the stone particle size range, concrete filling depth, and planting soil thickness. In one embodiment, the stones are configured in a 3:5:2 ratio of large, medium, and small sizes, with large stones having a particle size of 300mm–500mm, medium stones 150mm–300mm, and small stones 50mm–150mm. Planting soil fills the gaps between the stones, and a gravel drainage layer with a thickness of not less than 80mm and a particle size of 20mm–30mm is placed below the planting soil. Geotextile is laid between the planting soil and the gravel layer. Vegetated concrete is filled into the stone joints to a depth of 100mm–300mm, and drainage pipes are installed below the vegetated concrete to ensure water drainage behind the wall.

[0088] Composite renovation: The combined application of two or three of the above measures, such as using interlayered planting and stone protection measures at the bottom of the retaining wall, using hanging flower troughs on the wall body and top, and arranging different types of measures in layers in the vertical direction to adapt to the ecological needs of water level fluctuations and different elevations.

[0089] It should be noted that before constructing the rock-planted revetment and vegetation concrete, a test section of 10m to 20m should be constructed and inspected. Subsequent construction can only proceed after confirmation by the construction unit, design unit, and supervision unit. Other quality inspection requirements shall be implemented in accordance with the "Technical Specification for Ecological Restoration of Steep Slopes with Vegetation Concrete in Hydropower Projects" (NB / T35082-2016).

[0090] The multi-objective evaluation index system includes ecological benefit indicators, structural safety indicators, and economic indicators;

[0091] Ecological benefit indicators include the increase in vegetation coverage, biodiversity index, water purification capacity, and landscape harmony.

[0092] Structural safety indicators include the sliding stability safety factor, the overturning stability safety factor, and the foundation bearing capacity safety factor;

[0093] Economic indicators include the cost per unit length of the project, the total life-cycle maintenance cost, and the construction period.

[0094] Ecological benefit indicators include vegetation coverage increase (the ratio of predicted vegetation coverage area after transformation to that before transformation), biodiversity index (calculated based on the number of plant species and habitat heterogeneity), water purification capacity (estimated based on the interception efficiency of pollutants by vegetation belts), and landscape harmony (based on the matching degree score of color, texture and surrounding environment).

[0095] Structural safety indicators include the anti-sliding stability safety factor (calculated based on the retaining wall's self-weight, earth pressure, and water pressure), the overturning stability safety factor, and the foundation bearing capacity safety factor.

[0096] Economic indicators include the cost per unit length of the project, the total life-cycle maintenance cost, and the construction period.

[0097] It should be noted that the measure matching rule base in this application is built based on numerical simulation and engineering experience. It can be built offline before the method is executed and continuously updated and improved in engineering practice. In actual design, the pre-built rule base can be directly called, or it can be built on-site according to project needs.

[0098] The rule base contains matching rules for all typical river segment types and their corresponding modification measures, including:

[0099] Ecologically sensitive river sections should be matched with either alternating layers of planted rocks for bank protection or composite renovation measures.

[0100] For river sections with specific landscape requirements, appropriate renovation measures such as hanging flower troughs or composite renovation measures should be implemented.

[0101] When selecting the set of candidate measures, we first preliminarily match the corresponding measures from the measure library based on the typical river section type, and then use a case-based reasoning method to match the feature parameters of the target river section with the typical cases in the rule library to obtain the set of candidate measures.

[0102] When selecting candidate measures, the first step is to preliminarily match corresponding measures from the measure database based on typical river segment types. Then, a case-based reasoning method is used to perform similarity matching between the feature parameters of the target river segment and typical cases in the rule base to obtain the candidate measure set. The candidate measure set may contain single measure schemes or composite schemes formed by combining multiple measures.

[0103] In this embodiment, similarity is measured using weighted Euclidean distance:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, q = (q1, q2, ..., q M () represents the feature parameter vector of the target river segment; λ is the feature vector of the l-th typical case in the rule base; m is the weight coefficient of the m-th feature; M is the total number of feature dimensions; the similarity S ranges from (0,1], with values ​​closer to 1 indicating greater similarity between the target river section and the typical case. The measures corresponding to the top few typical cases with high similarity are selected and, together with the preliminary rule matching results, form a candidate measure set.

[0106] A comprehensive evaluation is conducted using the multi-attribute utility function method, including:

[0107] Each evaluation indicator is dimensionless. The basic weight coefficients for each indicator are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A judgment matrix for pairwise comparisons of each indicator is constructed, and values ​​are assigned using a 1-9 scale. The basic weight vector is the normalized eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, and a consistency check is performed, where the consistency ratio is:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, CI is the consistency index and RI is the random consistency index; , λ max is the largest eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; n is the number of evaluation indicators; when CR < 0.1, the judgment matrix is ​​considered to have passed the consistency test.

[0110] For positive indicators, the range standardization formula is used for dimensionless processing:

[0111]

[0112] For negative indicators, the range inverse standardization formula is used for dimensionless processing:

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, x i x is the original value of the i-th evaluation index; max and x mim These are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the index among all candidate solutions, u. i Let x be the dimensionless utility value of the i-th evaluation index; when x max =x mim When this indicator shows no difference among the candidate solutions, take u.i =1.

[0115] Then, based on the preset ecological protection level, safety level and economic constraints of the target river section, the ecological benefit weight, structural safety weight and economic weight are dynamically adjusted through predefined rules, and finally the comprehensive utility value of each candidate scheme is calculated.

[0116] The formula for calculating the overall utility value is:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, U is the overall utility value of the candidate solution, and w i Let u be the final weight of the i-th evaluation indicator after dynamic adjustment. i Let be the dimensionless utility value of the i-th evaluation index, and n be the total number of evaluation indicators, with the sum of the weights of each indicator satisfying the following condition: .

[0119] The scheme with the highest overall utility value is selected as the recommended scheme, and a multi-target comparison radar chart of each candidate scheme is output.

[0120] The option with the highest overall utility value is the recommended option. The computer equipment simultaneously outputs a multi-objective comparison radar chart of each candidate option, intuitively showing the advantages and disadvantages of different options in three dimensions: ecological benefits, structural safety, and economy, for designers to refer to in their final decision.

[0121] The key technical parameters of the recommended scheme are locally optimized using parameter sensitivity analysis, including:

[0122] Small perturbations are made near the initial values ​​of the parameters in the recommended scheme. The ecological benefit function, structural impact function and cost function in the measure library are called to obtain the original index values ​​of ecological benefit, structural safety and economic efficiency corresponding to each perturbation scheme. Then, according to the aforementioned rules of dimensionless processing and weighted summation, the comprehensive utility value of each perturbation scheme is calculated to determine the optimal parameter combination.

[0123] Specifically, the parameter sensitivity analysis employs a single-parameter perturbation optimization method: for the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme (e.g., the thickness of vegetation concrete t), a single-parameter perturbation is performed near the initial value t0 with a set step size Δt (e.g., 5% of the initial value), and the comprehensive utility value U corresponding to t0, t0+Δt, and t0−Δt is calculated respectively; if U(t0+Δt) is the largest, the optimization continues along this direction with a step size Δt until the comprehensive utility value no longer increases, and this parameter value is determined as the optimized value of the parameter; the above single-parameter optimization process is repeated for each key technical parameter in turn, and finally the optimal parameter combination is determined.

[0124] Let the key technical parameter vector of the recommendation scheme be θ=(θ1,θ2,…,θL ), with an initial value of θ (0) For the l-th parameter, set a step size Δ around the initial value. l Perform a single-parameter perturbation and calculate the combined utility value for each of the three parameter points:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, U(·) is the comprehensive utility function. If If the value is the maximum, continue along that direction with a step size Δ. l Seeking the best; if If the maximum is found, continue searching for the best option in the negative direction; if If the parameter reaches its maximum value, the optimization process stops. Repeat the above process until all parameters reach a local optimum, thus obtaining the optimal parameter combination.

[0127] θ * =argmax θ∈Θ U(θ)

[0128] In the formula, Θ is the parameter space formed by each parameter within its range of values; U(θ) is the comprehensive utility value of the scheme when the parameter is θ.

[0129] After optimization, the output includes a design report containing recommended measure types, optimized technical parameters, predicted values ​​of evaluation indicators, construction drawings, and maintenance and management suggestions.

[0130] In a specific embodiment, the method of this application is illustrated using the ecological transformation of riverbank protection as an example.

[0131] First, multi-source data was collected for the target river section. The current river section features masonry revetment, high flow velocity, localized erosion, and bedrock and boulders. The surrounding area is primarily residential and ecological protection zones. After cluster analysis of the multi-source data, this river section was classified as a high-velocity erosion type (also possessing ecologically sensitive attributes).

[0132] Secondly, candidate solutions are screened using a rule base for matching measures: First, three types of candidate solutions are initially matched based on the river section type: interlayered rock revetment, straight wall vegetation concrete, and composite renovation, forming a set of candidate measures; then, a case-based reasoning method is used to match the feature parameters of the target river section with typical cases in the rule base for similarity, and to perform secondary verification and supplementation of the candidate set.

[0133] Then, a multi-objective evaluation index system was established, and the index values ​​of the three candidate schemes in the three dimensions of ecological benefits, structural safety, and economy were calculated respectively. The basic weight coefficients of each index were determined by the analytic hierarchy process, and the ecological benefit weight, structural safety weight, and economic weight were dynamically adjusted by predefined rules according to the preset ecological protection level, safety level, and economic constraints of the target river section. The comprehensive utility value of each scheme was calculated by the multi-attribute utility function method. The scheme with the highest comprehensive utility value was the recommended scheme, and a multi-objective comparison radar chart of each candidate scheme was output for designers' reference.

[0134] Finally, a parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted on the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme. For example, small-amplitude disturbances were made around the 150mm thickness of the vegetation concrete, with a step size of 10mm. The ecological benefit function, structural influence function, and cost function in the measure library were used to calculate the comprehensive utility value under each disturbance parameter, and the optimal value of the spraying thickness was determined. At the same time, parameters such as anchor spacing, planting soil thickness, and block stone configuration ratio were optimized. Finally, a standardized design report was output, which included the recommended measure type, optimized technical parameters, predicted values ​​of various evaluation indicators, construction drawings, and maintenance and management suggestions, thus obtaining the final ecological optimization design scheme.

[0135] In this embodiment, the above process can automatically match suitable ecological transformation measures according to the characteristics of the river section and optimize its key technical parameters. Under the premise of ensuring structural safety, it can improve vegetation coverage and biodiversity, reduce rework costs caused by improper scheme selection, and take into account ecological benefits, structural safety and economy.

[0136] Example 2

[0137] Schematic, this embodiment uses the ecological transformation of the riverbank protection of the Tongshi River and Xingfu Lake as an example to illustrate the specific application process of the method described in this application. The target river section currently has masonry riverbank protection, with an average flow velocity of approximately 2.0 m / s to 3.0 m / s. Some sections experience erosion, and the riverbed contains bedrock and boulders. The surrounding area is mainly residential and ecological protection zones. The flood control standard for this river section is a 20-year return period, the levee level is 4, and the design peak flow is approximately 2630 m³ / s (P = 5%). The foundation consists of a layer of silt, sand, gravel, and pebbles, with a foundation bearing capacity characteristic value f. ak =250kPa, soil-rock friction coefficient f=0.45; current vegetation coverage is about 30%.

[0138] Step 1: Multi-source Data Acquisition and River Section Type Identification. Multi-source data is collected for the target river section, including hydraulic characteristics such as design flood level, flow velocity distribution, and scour depth (the maximum scour depth in this example is approximately 1.5m); geological conditions such as foundation bearing capacity, soil type, and permeability coefficient; surrounding land use data; and ecological sensitivity data such as current vegetation cover, fish habitat distribution, and water quality targets. The multi-source data is Z-score standardized, and K-means clustering is used for cluster analysis. The optimal number of clusters is determined by the silhouette coefficient. The identification results of typical river sections are shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0139]

[0140] As shown in Table 2, the target river section (main urban area section) is identified as a high-velocity scouring river section that combines high-velocity scouring and ecological sensitivity (also possessing ecological sensitivity attributes).

[0141] Step Two: Candidate Scheme Matching and Screening. Based on the typical river section type and the rule base for matching measures, three candidate schemes were initially obtained: rock-planted interlayer revetment, straight-wall vegetation concrete, and composite renovation. Then, a case-based reasoning method was used to calculate the similarity between the feature parameter vector of the target river section and the feature vectors of typical cases in the rule base. In this embodiment, the similarities for the three candidate schemes were 0.72, 0.68, and 0.89, respectively. The preliminary matching results were supplemented with the measure schemes corresponding to the typical cases with higher similarity, forming a set of candidate measure schemes.

[0142] Step 3: Multi-objective comprehensive evaluation. Establish a multi-objective evaluation index system with ecological benefits, structural safety, and economic benefits as evaluation dimensions.

[0143] Furthermore, the basic weight coefficients of each indicator are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP):

[0144] Construct a pairwise comparison judgment matrix for ecological benefits (I1), structural safety (I2), and economic benefits (I3):

[0145]

[0146] The largest eigenvalue λ of the judgment matrix is ​​calculated. max ≈3.018, consistency index CI≈0.009, from the table the random consistency index RI=0.58, the consistency ratio CR≈0.016<0.1, the judgment matrix passes the consistency test, and the basic weight vector is w. (0) = (0.50, 0.28, 0.22).

[0147] Considering that the target river section is located on the edge of the ecological protection zone, the ecological benefit weight is multiplied by an adjustment factor of 1.2 and then normalized to obtain the final weight w = (0.54, 0.26, 0.20).

[0148] The main evaluation index values ​​of each candidate scheme were dimensionless, and the comprehensive utility value of each candidate scheme was calculated. For example, the dimensionless value of the vegetation coverage improvement index of the composite transformation scheme is... The dimensionless value of the engineering cost index .

[0149] The index values ​​and overall utility values ​​of each candidate scheme are shown in Table 3: Table 3

[0150]

[0151] As shown in Table 3, the composite modification scheme has the highest comprehensive utility value, so it is determined as the recommended scheme, and a multi-target comparison radar chart of each candidate scheme is output.

[0152] Step 4: Parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Scheme Output. Single-parameter perturbation optimization is performed on the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme. Let the key technical parameter vector be θ=(t,d,s,r), where t is the thickness of the vegetation concrete (mm), d is the anchor spacing (m), s is the thickness of the planting soil (mm), and r is the proportion of boulders. Initial parameter combination θ （0） =(130,1.5,80,0.23), each parameter is perturbed with a set step size, and the optimal parameter combination is determined to obtain θ. * =(150,1.0,100,0.30), the overall utility value of the scheme increases from 0.71 to 0.79 (an increase of approximately 11%).

[0153] The final design report recommends a composite renovation scheme.

[0154] In this embodiment, the above process can automatically match appropriate ecological transformation measures according to the characteristics of the river section, and obtain a reproducible optimal design scheme through formulaic quantitative evaluation and parameter optimization, thereby improving the scientificity and operability of the design results.

[0155] Example 3

[0156] Based on Example 1, this application provides a multi-objective decision-making-based optimization system for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls, including:

[0157] The data collection and classification module is used to collect multi-source data of the target river, divide the target river into multiple river segments based on the multi-source data, and identify the typical river segment type to which each river segment belongs.

[0158] The measure library storage and retrieval module is used to store a pre-built library of ecological transformation measures for riverbank protection. The measure library includes various types of ecological transformation measures and the corresponding technical parameters, applicable scope and multi-dimensional evaluation functions for each type of measure.

[0159] The evaluation system construction module is used to establish a multi-objective evaluation index system for riverbank ecological transformation schemes;

[0160] The measure matching and filtering module is used to obtain a pre-established measure matching rule library, and according to the typical river section type and the measure matching rule library, to call the corresponding measure record from the measure library storage and calling module to filter and obtain a set of candidate measure schemes;

[0161] The target comprehensive evaluation module is used to comprehensively evaluate the set of candidate measures using the multi-attribute utility function method to determine the recommended solution.

[0162] The parameter optimization output module is used to perform local optimization of the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme using parameter sensitivity analysis methods to obtain the final ecological optimization design scheme.

[0163] In this embodiment, each functional module can be implemented in hardware, such as through a separate processor, microcontroller, or application-specific integrated circuit; or it can be implemented as a software functional unit, with the same processor calling and running program instructions stored in memory to complete the corresponding function. For example, the data acquisition and classification module can read multi-source data of the target river channel through the data interface of the hydrological monitoring station and on-site measuring instruments, and run a clustering algorithm to complete the river section type classification; the measure library storage and retrieval module can store a pre-established measure library in the database and retrieve the corresponding measure record according to the request of the measure matching and screening module; the target comprehensive evaluation module can complete the comprehensive evaluation and ranking of the schemes by running the hierarchical analysis program and the utility function calculation program; and the parameter optimization output module can output multi-target comparison radar charts and standardized design reports through display devices or printing devices.

[0164] The aforementioned system can materialize the ecological optimization design method described in this application into an executable digital design tool. Designers can complete the entire process of river section classification, measure matching, comprehensive evaluation and parameter optimization in one stop by calling the system, which effectively improves the work efficiency, scientificity and operability of the river vegetation concrete retaining wall design method.

[0165] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0166] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0167] In the embodiments disclosed in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminal equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal equipment embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0168] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

Claims

1. A design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making, characterized in that, include: Collect multi-source data of the target river channel, divide the target river channel into multiple river segments based on the multi-source data, and identify the typical river segment type to which each river segment belongs; A database of ecological transformation measures for riverbank protection is constructed, which includes various types of ecological transformation measures and their corresponding technical parameters, applicable scope, and multi-dimensional evaluation functions. Establish a multi-objective evaluation index system for ecological transformation schemes of riverbank protection, wherein the multi-objectives include ecological benefits, structural safety and economic efficiency; Construct a rule base for matching measures, and select a set of candidate measure schemes from the rule base based on the typical river section type and the rule base. The candidate solution set is comprehensively evaluated using the multi-attribute utility function method to determine the recommended solution; The key technical parameters of the recommended scheme are locally optimized using the parameter sensitivity analysis method to obtain the final ecological optimization design scheme.

2. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source data for the target river includes river hydraulic characteristics data, geological conditions data, surrounding land use data, and ecological sensitivity data.

3. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of dividing the target river channel into multiple river segments and identifying the typical river segment type of each segment includes: Clustering algorithms were used to perform cluster analysis on the multi-source data, dividing the target river into high-velocity scouring river sections, slow-flowing siltation river sections, river sections with large water level fluctuations, ecologically sensitive river sections, and river sections with landscape requirements.

4. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each record in the measures library includes the measure type, technical parameters, scope of application, ecological benefit function, structural impact function, cost function, and construction difficulty coefficient.

5. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 4, characterized in that, The types of measures in the measure library include wall-mounted flower troughs, vegetation concrete, and composite renovations; The wall-mounted flower troughs are a type of renovation measure that involves setting up flower troughs on the top or surface of a retaining wall and planting hanging plants. The corresponding parameters include the spacing between flower troughs, the depth of the flower troughs, the width of the flower troughs, the thickness of the planting soil, and the types of plants. The vegetation concrete includes three structural types: sloping vegetation concrete slope protection, vertical wall vegetation concrete, and alternating layered vegetation and rock revetment. The sloping vegetation concrete revegetation slope protection is a type of slope revegetation bank protection surface covered with vegetation concrete containing plant seeds. The straight wall type vegetation concrete is a modification measure that sprays vegetation concrete containing plant seeds onto the surface of a retaining wall to form a vegetation cover layer. The corresponding parameters include spraying thickness, concrete strength grade, seed ratio, and anchoring method. The planted stone interlayer revegetation type of vegetation concrete is a modification measure in which plain concrete is used to grout the stones to the retaining wall in front of the retaining wall and planting soil is filled between the stones. The corresponding parameters include the stone particle size range, concrete filling depth, and planting soil thickness. The composite modification category is a combination of any two or three or more of the above-mentioned measures, including: Composite renovation of vertical retaining walls: The lower part of the retaining wall adopts a vegetation concrete measure with alternating layers of planted stones, while the wall body and top of the wall adopt a hanging flower trough measure. Composite renovation of slope protection: The slope surface adopts slope-type vegetation concrete protection measures, the slope foot adopts planted stone interlayer protection measures, and the slope top adopts hanging flower trough measures, forming a multi-layer ecological protection structure from the slope foot to the slope top. Vertical and sloping composite revetment renovation: In the area where the vertical retaining wall section and the sloping revetment section meet, the above measures are combined to carry out continuous ecological renovation and eliminate ecological breakpoints.

6. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the straight-wall type vegetation concrete, the spraying thickness is 130mm to 150mm, and the spraying base layer is vegetation concrete with a 3d unconfined compressive strength of not less than 0.38MPa, a pH value of 6.0 to 8.5, and an organic matter content of 5g / kg to 30g / kg. The erosion velocity of the vegetation concrete is not less than 2m / s. In the planted stone interlayer revegetation type of vegetation concrete, C20 plain concrete is used to mortar and embed the stones to the retaining wall. The stones are arranged in three sizes: large, medium, and small, in a ratio of 3:5:

2. The large stones have a particle size of 300mm to 500mm, the medium stones have a particle size of 150mm to 300mm, and the small stones have a particle size of 50mm to 150mm. The gaps between the stones are filled with planting soil, and a gravel drainage layer with a thickness of not less than 80mm is set below the planting soil.

7. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-objective evaluation index system includes ecological benefit indicators, structural safety indicators, and economic indicators; The ecological benefit indicators include the increase in vegetation coverage, biodiversity index, water purification capacity, and landscape harmony. The structural safety indicators include the anti-sliding stability safety factor, the anti-overturning stability safety factor, and the foundation bearing capacity safety factor; The economic indicators include the cost per unit length of the project, the total life-cycle maintenance cost, and the construction period.

8. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rule base for matching measures is built based on numerical simulation and engineering experience. The rule base includes matching rules between river segment types and corresponding modification measures, including: Vegetation-concrete measures are appropriate for high-velocity scouring river sections. For slow-flowing, silt-accumulating river sections, corresponding measures such as hanging flower troughs should be implemented. Large-scale river sections with significant water level fluctuations require matched composite renovation measures, with different types of measures arranged in layers in the vertical direction; Ecologically sensitive river sections should be matched with vegetation-concrete measures or composite renovation measures. For river sections with specific landscape requirements, appropriate renovation measures such as hanging flower troughs or composite renovation measures should be implemented. When selecting the set of candidate measures, we first preliminarily match the corresponding measures from the measure library based on the typical river section type, and then use a case-based reasoning method to match the feature parameters of the target river section with the typical cases in the rule library to obtain the set of candidate measures.

9. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive evaluation using the multi-attribute utility function method includes: Each evaluation indicator is dimensionless, and the basic weight coefficients of each indicator are determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Then, based on the preset ecological protection level, safety level and economic constraints of the target river section, the ecological benefit weight, structural safety weight and economic weight are dynamically adjusted through predefined rules, and finally the comprehensive utility value of each candidate scheme is calculated. The scheme with the highest overall utility value is selected as the recommended scheme, and a multi-target comparison radar chart of each candidate scheme is output.

10. The design method for river channel vegetation concrete retaining walls based on multi-objective decision-making according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using parameter sensitivity analysis to locally optimize the key technical parameters of the recommended scheme includes: Small perturbations are made near the initial values ​​of the parameters in the recommended scheme. The ecological benefit function, structural impact function and cost function in the measure library are called to calculate the comprehensive utility value of each perturbation scheme and determine the optimal parameter combination. After optimization, the output includes a design report containing recommended measure types, optimized technical parameters, predicted values ​​of evaluation indicators, construction drawings, and maintenance and management suggestions.

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