Full scale model of end spherical head of deep submergence vehicle and method for building same

Abstract

The application discloses a full-scale model of a spherical end head of a great depth submersible, wherein the model has the same size as the actual size of the great depth submersible, and the model comprises an auxiliary transition structure, a spherical head structure and a large opening structure; the auxiliary transition structure comprises a conical shell segment, one end of the conical shell segment has a larger diameter than the other end; the spherical head structure comprises a top circular plate and a plurality of perimeter guava petals, the small end diameter of the conical shell segment matches the large end diameter of the combined part of the plurality of perimeter guava petals and is fixedly connected, and the small end diameter of the combined part of the plurality of perimeter guava petals matches the end diameter of the top circular plate and is fixedly connected; the large opening structure comprises a large opening reinforcing fence arranged on the spherical head structure and a sealing plate installed at the outer end of the large opening reinforcing fence. The full-scale model can simulate the safety of the structure under the actual scale, actual process and actual use environment and the accuracy of the related calculation method, and meanwhile, the influence of a plurality of large openings on the pressure-bearing capacity of the spherical head is considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship structure design technology, and in particular to a submarine model. Background Technology

[0002] One of the main objectives of existing deep-diving structural design research is to reduce structural weight while ensuring structural safety. Pressure-resistant planar heads, which balance seawater pressure through bending stress, have a large structural weight; pressure-resistant spherical heads, with their good stress characteristics and light weight, have become the preferred structure for the end caps of deep-diving submersibles. However, to meet overall layout requirements, large openings are unavoidable on the end pressure-resistant heads, affecting their pressure-bearing capacity. The pressure-bearing capacity of the spherical end caps of deep-diving submersibles is highly sensitive to initial defects and exhibits significant dispersion. Previous verification of the pressure-bearing capacity of spherical heads has relied on scaled-down models, which suffer from certain process effects, integration effects, and scale effects, and cannot reflect the comprehensive effect of various factors coupled in actual engineering products. For the structural safety of deep-diving submersibles, full-scale external pressure tests are needed to assess the pressure-bearing capacity of pressure-resistant spherical heads under actual scale, material, and process conditions. The influence of multiple large openings on the spherical head must also be considered.

[0003] For spherical heads, the hot pressing integral forming method has poor forming accuracy and requires tempering heat treatment after forming, which is only suitable for small-diameter spherical heads. The manufacturing method that combines petal-shaped spot pressing cold forming and welding is greatly affected by human factors and the petal forming accuracy is not high, making it difficult for the overall spherical head accuracy to meet the specification requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a full-scale model of a spherical end cap for a deep-sea submersible and its construction method. The model features a perforated reinforcement structure and employs an improved manufacturing method that combines petal-shaped molded cold forming with welding. This provides a more accurate test model for evaluating the pressure-bearing capacity of the pressure-resistant spherical end cap under actual scale and material and process conditions. It also provides a reference for the design and construction of spherical end caps and can minimize the risks associated with using spherical end caps on deep-sea submersibles.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: A full-scale model of a spherical end cap for a deep-sea submersible is disclosed. The model's dimensions are identical to the actual dimensions of the deep-sea submersible. The model includes an auxiliary transition structure, a spherical end cap structure, and a large opening structure. The auxiliary transition structure includes a conical shell section, with one end having a larger diameter than the other. The spherical end cap structure includes a top circular plate and peripheral medullary segments. The smaller end diameter of the conical shell section matches and is fixedly connected to the larger end diameter of the assembly of multiple peripheral medullary segments. The smaller end diameter of the assembly of multiple peripheral medullary segments matches and is fixedly connected to the end diameter of the top circular plate. The large opening structure includes several large opening reinforcing fences disposed on the spherical end cap structure and a sealing plate installed at the outer end of the large opening reinforcing fences.

[0006] In the above scheme, the auxiliary transition structure also includes several ribs that are fixedly connected circumferentially along the outer circular surface of the conical shell section.

[0007] In the above scheme, a longitudinal reinforcing rib is fixedly connected between the two ribs near the small diameter end of the conical shell section; a reinforcing elbow plate is fixedly connected between the rib near the large diameter end of the conical shell section and the outer circular surface of the conical shell section.

[0008] In the above scheme, the centerline of the spherical head structure is collinear with the axis of the auxiliary transition structure; the instability failure pressure of the auxiliary transition structure is greater than the failure pressure of the spherical head structure.

[0009] In the above scheme, there are two top circular plates, which are joined together to form a top circular plate assembly.

[0010] In the above scheme, the number of perimeter melon petals is 8-12.

[0011] In the above scheme, the large opening structure is located in the connection area between the upper part of the perimeter melon petal and the top circular plate; the diameter of the large opening reinforced fence is greater than 300mm; the large opening reinforced fence is cylindrical, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the spherical end cap structure.

[0012] In the above scheme, the fixed connection between the components is welding.

[0013] In the above scheme, strain gauges are installed on the auxiliary transition structure, top circular plate, perimeter petals, and large-aperture reinforced fence during the test.

[0014] This invention also proposes a method for constructing a full-scale model of the end spherical head of a deep-sea submersible. The model is constructed using a combination of petal-shaped molding and welding, and includes the following steps: S1. Process each component according to the design dimensions; among them, the perimeter petals and the top circular plate are prepared by compression molding cold forming process; S2. Take the first measurement of the initial geometric deviation of the perimeter melon petals and the top circular plate. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.13 times the thickness of the spherical head, then perform correction. S3. Weld multiple perimeter melon petals into an assembly; if the top circular plate is a separate piece, weld two top circular plates into an assembly. S4. Weld and fix the perimeter melon petal assembly to the top circular plate; S5. Perform a second measurement on the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.2 times the thickness of the spherical head, mark the area with the maximum radial deviation value. S6. Where the layout allows, place the large opening structure in the area with the largest radial deviation value, and cut the corresponding opening on the spherical end cap; S7. Weld and fix the large opening structure to the spherical head structure; S8. Take a third measurement of the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.25 times the thickness of the spherical head, design anti-deformation welding fixtures before welding the conical shell section and the perimeter petal assembly. S9. Weld the conical shell section to the perimeter melon-shaped assembly on the anti-deformation welding fixture, and weld ribs circumferentially on the outer circular surface of the conical shell section. S10. Perform the fourth measurement on the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head to understand the radial deviation pattern, which will help predict the actual pressure-bearing capacity of the model.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The present invention provides a full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible. The 1:1 full-scale model adopts the same process as the actual submersible, enabling it to simulate the safety of the structure under actual scale, actual process, and actual use environment, as well as the accuracy of related calculation methods, thus alleviating the safety risks of the structure in actual engineering. At the same time, it considers the influence of multiple large openings on the pressure-bearing capacity of the spherical end cap.

[0016] The spherical head is manufactured using a process of pressing and cooling with a combination of spherical and petal-shaped materials and welding, resulting in high manufacturing precision and improved pressure resistance.

[0017] Because the designed auxiliary transition structure is strong, it will not fail before the spherical head in the test. Therefore, this model can accurately detect the actual failure pressure of the spherical head.

[0018] By attaching strain gauges to both the spherical head and the auxiliary transition structure, the stress conditions and stress distribution of this model under various pressures can be monitored and measured more accurately.

[0019] At different stages of model construction, the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head is measured, and corresponding measures are taken in a timely manner based on the measurement results at each stage to improve the manufacturing accuracy of the spherical head. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the actual scale model of the spherical end cap of the deep-sea submersible according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A sectional view along the AA direction.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Auxiliary transition structure; 1-1. Reinforcing elbow plate; 1-2. Longitudinal reinforcing rib; 1-3. Rib; 1-4. Conical shell segment; 2. Spherical head structure; 2-1. Top circular plate; 2-2. Peripheral petals; 3. Large opening structure; 3-1. Large opening reinforced fence; 3-2. Sealing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the embodiments of the present invention are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0025] In this invention, it should also be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive and distinguishing purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] Furthermore, it should be noted that the features of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined or integrated in whole or in part, and as those skilled in the art will understand, they can interact and operate in different ways. Each embodiment can be implemented independently of each other or in association.

[0027] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this is a full-scale model of a spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. The model has the same dimensions as the actual dimensions of the deep-sea submersible. The model includes an auxiliary transition structure 1, a spherical end cap 2, and a large opening structure 3.

[0028] The auxiliary transition structure 1 includes a reinforcing elbow plate 1-1, longitudinal reinforcing ribs 1-2, ribs 1-3, and a conical shell section 1-4, with one end of the conical shell section 1-4 having a larger diameter than the other end. The spherical head structure 2 includes two top circular plates 2-1 and twelve perimeter petals 2-2. The large opening structure 3 includes a cylindrical large opening reinforced fence 3-1 and end plates 3-2 at the fence ends, located in the connection area between the upper perimeter petals and the top circular plates, with a total of six large opening structures 3. The small end diameter of the conical shell section 1-4 matches the large end diameter formed by the combination of the twelve perimeter petals 2-2, and the small end diameter formed by the combination of the twelve perimeter petals 2-2 matches the end diameter formed by the two top circular plates 2-1.

[0029] The connection relationships are as follows: ribs 1-3 are fixedly connected circumferentially to the outer circular surface of conical shell segment 1-4; longitudinal reinforcing ribs 1-2 are fixedly connected between the two ribs near the small diameter end of conical shell segment 1-4; and reinforcing elbow plate 1-1 is fixedly connected between the rib 1-3 near the large diameter end of conical shell segment 1-4 and the outer circular surface of conical shell segment 1-4, forming auxiliary transition structure 1. Two top circular plates 2-1 are fixedly welded together; 12 perimeter petals 2-2 are fixedly welded together; and the combination of the two top circular plates and the combination of the 12 perimeter petals 2-2 are fixedly welded together, forming spherical head structure 2. Sealing plate 3-2 is fixedly welded together with the large opening reinforcing fence 3-1 at the outer end, forming large opening structure 3. Auxiliary transition structure 1, spherical head structure 2, and large opening structure 3 are fixedly welded together, forming a full-scale model of the spherical head.

[0030] The above-mentioned full-scale model of the spherical end cap of the deep-sea submersible includes an auxiliary transition structure 1, which simulates the pressure-resistant structure connected to the spherical end cap in the deep-sea submersible. The thickened conical shell sections 1-4 prevent the auxiliary transition structure 1 from failing before the spherical end cap 2 during the test, thus verifying the pressure-bearing capacity of the spherical end cap 2. The spherical end cap 2 simulates the pressure-resistant structure at the end of the deep-sea submersible. Its manufacturing process adopts a more precise petal-shaped mold cold forming + welding process, thereby improving its pressure-bearing capacity and reducing its structural weight. The large opening structure 3 simulates the reinforced structure of the large opening on the spherical end cap in the deep-sea submersible, and is used to verify the pressure-bearing capacity of the opening structure in the actual structure.

[0031] At different stages of model construction, the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head is measured, and corresponding measures are taken in a timely manner based on the measurement results at each stage to improve the manufacturing accuracy of the spherical head.

[0032] Because the ultimate failure pressure of a spherical head is highly sensitive to radial machining deviations, and once these deviations are exceeded, they cannot be corrected, the initial geometric deviations should be measured at each stage of construction. The first stage involves molding the two top circular plates and the twelve peripheral melon-shaped pieces 2-2 together, and then welding them into a complete assembly. This allows for the assessment of the actual accuracy of the melon-shaped plates and top circular plates used to assemble the spherical head structure. If the accuracy is poor, correction can be performed, and only before welding, to provide a foundation for manufacturing a high-precision spherical head. The second stage involves welding the two top circular plates and the twelve peripheral melon-shaped pieces 2-2 together, and then welding the large opening structure 3. This allows for the assessment of the initial geometric deviation distribution on the entire spherical head. Adjusting the position of the large opening in the circumferential direction can further reduce the amplitude of the initial geometric deviation. The third stage involves the molding of the spherical head structure 2 and the large opening structure 3. After the opening structure 3 is welded together but before it is welded together with the auxiliary transition structure 1, the results are compared with those from the second stage. This helps to understand the initial geometric deviation caused by welding when the spherical head is welded together with a large opening structure, providing data support for the actual manufacture of spherical heads for deep-sea submersibles. In the fourth stage, after the spherical head structure 2 is welded together with the auxiliary transition structure 1, the results are compared with those from the third stage. This helps to understand the initial geometric deviation caused by welding when the pressure-resistant structure is welded together at the end of the spherical head, providing data support for the actual manufacture of spherical heads for deep-sea submersibles. It also helps to determine the final initial geometric deviation of the spherical head to judge whether it meets the manufacturing requirements. During measurement, 32 meridians and 9 parallels are drawn, and a rotating template with a fixed center is used for measurement to detect the maximum area of ​​the initial geometric deviation of the manufactured spherical head. This also allows for a relatively accurate prediction of the pressure-bearing capacity of the spherical head before the test.

[0033] Before conducting the experiment, strain gauges were attached to key measurement locations, such as the perimeter melon-shaped section 2-2, the top circular plate 2-1, the large-aperture reinforced fence 3-1, and the conical shell section 1-4, ribs 1-3, and longitudinal reinforcing ribs 1-2 of the auxiliary transition structure 1. Then, pressure tests were conducted on the model. First, an internal pressure test was performed, gradually increasing the pressure to the ultimate pressure to verify the weldability of the model. Next, an external pressure test was conducted inside the pressure cylinder to measure the consistency between the test values ​​and the theoretical calculation values, and to assess the structural safety. After gradually increasing the pressure to the design pressure, external pressure was continued to be applied to the model until it failed. The failure pressure value of the model was measured to test the bearing capacity of the spherical head under actual scale, material, and manufacturing processes.

[0034] Accordingly, this invention also proposes a method for constructing a full-scale model of the spherical end cap of the aforementioned deep-sea submersible. The model is constructed using a combination of petal-shaped molding and welding, and includes the following steps: S1. Process each component according to the design dimensions. Among them, the perimeter petals and the top circular plate are prepared by compression molding and cold forming process. Compared with the manufacturing method of combining petal point compression cold forming and welding, this process has been fully verified by process tests. The forming accuracy of the spherical head is higher and more stable, which improves its ultimate load-bearing capacity and provides a reference for the structural design and manufacturing of future products.

[0035] S2. Take the first measurement of the initial geometric deviation of the perimeter melon petals and the top circular plate. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.13 times the thickness of the spherical head, then perform correction.

[0036] S3. Weld multiple perimeter petals into an assembly; if the top circular plate is a separate piece, weld two top circular plates into an assembly.

[0037] S4. Weld and fix the perimeter melon petal assembly to the top circular plate.

[0038] S5. Perform a second measurement on the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.2 times the thickness of the spherical head, mark the area with the maximum radial deviation value.

[0039] S6. Where the layout allows, place the large opening structure in the area with the largest radial deviation value, and cut the corresponding opening on the spherical head.

[0040] S7. Weld and fix the large opening structure to the spherical head structure.

[0041] S8. Take a third measurement of the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.25 times the thickness of the spherical head, design anti-deformation welding fixtures before welding the conical shell section and the perimeter petal assembly.

[0042] S9. Weld the conical shell section to the perimeter petal assembly on the anti-deformation welding fixture, and weld ribs circumferentially on the outer surface of the conical shell section.

[0043] S10. Perform the fourth measurement on the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head to understand the radial deviation pattern, which will help predict the actual pressure-bearing capacity of the model.

[0044] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this application can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of the operation of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0045] The order of the steps in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0046] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A full-scale model of a spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible, characterized in that, The model's dimensions are the same as the actual dimensions of the deep-sea submersible. The model includes an auxiliary transition structure, a spherical head structure, and a large opening structure. The auxiliary transition structure includes a conical shell section, with one end of the conical shell section having a larger diameter than the other end. The spherical head structure includes a top circular plate and peripheral melon-shaped segments. The smaller end diameter of the conical shell section matches and is fixedly connected to the larger end diameter of the assembly of multiple peripheral melon-shaped segments. The smaller end diameter of the assembly of multiple peripheral melon-shaped segments matches and is fixedly connected to the end diameter of the top circular plate. The large opening structure includes several large opening reinforcing fences disposed on the spherical head structure and a sealing plate installed at the outer end of the large opening reinforcing fences.

2. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary transition structure also includes several ribs that are fixedly connected circumferentially along the outer circular surface of the conical shell section.

3. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 2, characterized in that, A longitudinal reinforcing rib is fixedly connected between the two ribs near the smaller diameter end of the conical shell section; a reinforcing elbow plate is fixedly connected between the rib near the larger diameter end of the conical shell section and the outer circular surface of the conical shell section.

4. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centerline of the spherical head structure is collinear with the axis of the auxiliary transition structure; the instability failure pressure of the auxiliary transition structure is greater than the failure pressure of the spherical head structure.

5. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top circular plate consists of two pieces, which are joined together to form a top circular plate assembly.

6. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of perimeter melon segments is 8-12.

7. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large opening structure is located in the connection area between the upper part of the perimeter melon petals and the top circular plate; the diameter of the large opening reinforced fence is greater than 300mm; the large opening reinforced fence is cylindrical, and its axis is parallel to the axis of the spherical end cap structure.

8. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed connection between the components is welding.

9. The full-scale model of the spherical end cap of a deep-sea submersible according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the test, strain gauges were installed on the auxiliary transition structure, the top circular plate, the perimeter petals, and the large-aperture reinforced fence.

10. A method for constructing a full-scale model of the end spherical head of a deep-sea submersible, characterized in that, The model was constructed using a combination of melon-petal molding and cold forming with welding, including the following steps: S1. Process each component according to the design dimensions; among them, the perimeter petals and the top circular plate are prepared by compression molding cold forming process; S2. Take the first measurement of the initial geometric deviation of the perimeter melon petals and the top circular plate. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.13 times the thickness of the spherical head, then perform correction. S3. Weld multiple perimeter melon petals into an assembly; if the top circular plate is a separate piece, weld two top circular plates into an assembly. S4. Weld and fix the perimeter melon petal assembly to the top circular plate; S5. Perform a second measurement on the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.2 times the thickness of the spherical head, mark the area with the maximum radial deviation value. S6. Where the layout allows, place the large opening structure in the area with the largest radial deviation value, and cut the corresponding opening on the spherical end cap; S7. Weld and fix the large opening structure to the spherical head structure; S8. Take a third measurement of the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head. If the radial deviation exceeds 0.25 times the thickness of the spherical head, design anti-deformation welding fixtures before welding the conical shell section and the perimeter petal assembly. S9. Weld the conical shell section to the perimeter melon-shaped assembly on the anti-deformation welding fixture, and weld ribs circumferentially on the outer circular surface of the conical shell section. S10. Perform the fourth measurement on the initial geometric deviation of the spherical head to understand the radial deviation pattern, which will help predict the actual pressure-bearing capacity of the model.

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