Solid oxide cell stack operation simulation method, system, device, and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a solid oxide cell stack operation simulation method, system, device and storage medium, and relates to the technical field of battery simulation. The operation simulation method comprises the following steps: constructing a multi-physics field coupling model based on geometric parameters; introducing an electrochemical reaction mass source; under the condition of constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution, performing battery operation process simulation solving through the multi-physics field coupling model, and obtaining a first distribution field; based on the first distribution field, under the condition of constant preset temperature, performing battery operation process simulation solving through the multi-physics field coupling model, and obtaining a second distribution field; based on the second distribution field and a preset gas diffusion coefficient, performing battery operation process simulation solving by activating an energy equation in the multi-physics field coupling model until the residual error of the multi-physics field distribution equation converges, so as to obtain a simulation result. The simulation method can ensure simulation accuracy, and significantly improve calculation efficiency and simulation stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of battery simulation technology, and in particular to a method, system, device and storage medium for simulating the operation of a solid oxide battery stack. Background Technology

[0002] Solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks, including solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOEC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, involve multiple physical processes during operation, including momentum transport, component transport, electrochemical reactions, chemical reactions, and heat transfer. To deeply understand the internal physical behavior of SOC stacks and its impact on performance and reliability, multiphysics coupled numerical simulation has become an important research tool in stack design, operation optimization, and lifetime assessment. However, due to the inherently highly nonlinear and strongly coupled nature of these physical processes, three-dimensional fully coupled numerical simulation at the stack level faces significant challenges. Currently, multiphysics coupled simulations for industrial-scale SOC stacks generally suffer from poor computational stability and difficulty in convergence. Due to the strong bidirectional coupling between physical fields, solving the coupling equations easily leads to numerical fluctuations, making model convergence difficult.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need to provide a method, system, device, and storage medium for simulating the operation of solid oxide battery stacks, thereby improving the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a method, system, device and storage medium for simulating the operation of solid oxide battery stacks, so as to improve the technical problems of existing solid oxide battery stack operation simulation methods, which are prone to numerical fluctuations, poor computational stability and difficulty in model convergence when calculating strongly coupled multiphysics fields.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, in a first aspect, this disclosure provides a method for simulating the operation of a solid oxide battery stack, the method comprising the following steps: Based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack, a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack is constructed. An electrochemical reaction mass source is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions. The first distribution field is obtained, which includes the initial component transport field. Based on the first distribution field, under constant preset temperature conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation and a first component transport field that is synchronously updated based on the first electric field; Based on the second distribution field, a preset gas diffusion coefficient is used to simulate and solve the battery operation process by activating the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining the simulation results.

[0006] Secondly, this disclosure provides an operational simulation system for a solid oxide battery stack, the operational simulation system comprising: The model building module constructs a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack. The first simulation module introduces an electrochemical reaction mass source and, under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions, simulates and solves the battery operation process through the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a first distribution field, which includes an initial component transport field. The second simulation module, based on the first distribution field, simulates and solves the battery operation process using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature conditions to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation solution and a first component transport field synchronously updated based on the first electric field; The third simulation module, based on the second distribution field and with a preset gas diffusion coefficient, activates the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model to simulate and solve the battery operation process until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining the simulation results.

[0007] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any of the methods described in the preceding examples.

[0008] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any of the above examples.

[0009] The operational simulation method for solid oxide battery stacks disclosed herein employs a distributed iterative simulation, sequentially accumulating the electric field and temperature field starting from the mass transport field. This effectively avoids initial-stage numerical oscillations caused by strong coupling of multiple physics fields, significantly reducing the model's dependence on initial conditions. Furthermore, this operational simulation method introduces key component concentrations, average current densities, and energy balance states as convergence switching conditions during multi-step iterative simulations. Compared to relying solely on equation residuals as a single convergence criterion, this significantly shortens simulation time while maintaining simulation accuracy. Its computational time-saving effect is particularly pronounced when applied to large-scale system parameter models. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The features and advantages of this disclosure will be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way. Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of the simulation method in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a flowchart of step S1 in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a flowchart of step S2 in one embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing step S2 of activating the flow field and mass transport equations in ANSYS FLUENT in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 The diagram shown is a flowchart of step S4 in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing step S41 of activating the energy equation in ANSYS FLUENT in one embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of a simulation system running in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 8 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0011] Component designation explanation: 10. Run the simulation system; 11. Model building module; 12. First simulation module; 13. Second simulation module; 14. Third simulation module. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0013] Please see Figures 1 to 8 It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings only show components related to this disclosure and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0014] like Figure 1 As shown, in a first aspect, this application provides a method for simulating the operation of a solid oxide battery stack, the method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack, construct a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack.

[0015] In step S1, the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack to be simulated are obtained, and a geometric model of the solid oxide battery stack is constructed based on these parameters. The geometric model is used to construct the geometric structural boundaries of the solid oxide battery stack. The geometric model includes the geometric structural boundaries of the stacked repeating battery cells and the fuel electrode, air electrode, electrolyte, gas channels, and connectors within each battery cell. Then, based on the physical boundary conditions of the solid oxide battery stack in the geometric model, a multiphysics coupling model of the battery operation process is constructed. The multiphysics coupling model is used to represent the battery operation process under the constraints of the ensemble model boundary. The multiphysics coupling model includes flow field equations, mass transport equations, electrochemical reaction equations, and energy equations. The multiphysics coupling model uses these multiphysics coupling equations to simulate and describe the changes in the component transport field, electric field, and temperature field during battery operation.

[0016] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, step S1 includes the following steps: S11. Construct a geometric model based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack.

[0017] In step S11, the geometric parameters include the number of stack layers and the geometric information of the battery cells. The geometric information includes the dimensional data of the battery cells, fuel electrode, air electrode, electrolyte, air passage, ribs, and connectors.

[0018] In step S11, based on the geometric information of the battery cell, a single-cell geometric model of the battery cell is established. The single-cell geometric model represents the gas passage, fuel electrode, air electrode, electrolyte, connector, and necessary current collection / splitting structures in the battery cell. Then, based on the number of stack layers and the single-cell geometric model, a geometric model of the solid oxide battery stack is constructed. This geometric model is then meshed to obtain a meshed geometric model.

[0019] In one example, taking a 5 kW-class planar solid oxide battery stack as an example, the geometric parameters input in step S11 are shown in Table 1.

[0020] Table 1: Geometric parameters of a 5 kW-class planar solid oxide battery stack

[0021] S12. Set boundary conditions based on the geometric model to construct a multiphysics coupling model. In step S12, based on the geometric model, the inlet boundary conditions (such as flow rate, pressure, and temperature at the electrode inlet) of the fuel electrode and air electrode, as well as the electrical contact boundary and thermal boundary conditions of the active interfaces of the fuel electrode, air electrode, and electrolyte, are set in the geometric model. Relevant equations for multiphysics coupling are introduced to obtain a multiphysics coupling model. The introduced multiphysics coupling equations include flow field equations, mass transport equations, electrochemical reaction equations, and energy equations.

[0022] Next, step S2 is executed, introducing an electrochemical reaction mass source. Under constant preset temperature and preset operating current density distribution conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model, and a first distribution field is obtained. The first distribution field includes an initial component transport field. The battery operation process includes the power generation process of the solid oxide battery stack in fuel cell mode and the electrolysis process in electrolyzer mode.

[0023] In step S2, after introducing the electrochemical reaction mass source, the flow field equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to perform a single flow field simulation, and the flow distribution of fuel gas and air in the flow channel is solved when the battery stack generates a uniform discharge current at a preset operating temperature.

[0024] In step S2, during the simulation, complex electrochemical reactions are not introduced into the simulation of battery operation. Instead, the changes in the concentration of key component gases and the mass changes of the electrochemical reaction mass source during component transport and diffusion are simulated based on a preset uniformly distributed current density. When the relative change rate of the monitored key component gas concentration is lower than a first preset value, the simulation of the first battery operation is completed to obtain the initial component transport field during the first battery operation. In some embodiments, the initial component transport field, the iteratively stable pressure field, and the flow field are combined as the first distribution field.

[0025] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, step S2 includes the following steps: S21. Introduce fuel mass source and air mass source, activate the flow field equation in the multiphysics coupling model for pre-simulation solution, until the velocity field and pressure field in the air passage of the geometric model stabilize.

[0026] In step S21, a fuel mass source is introduced at the fuel electrode and an air mass source is introduced at the air electrode. Initial flow velocity and pressure are preset, and then the flow field equations in the multiphysics coupling model are activated for pre-simulation solution until the velocity and pressure fields in the air passage reach a stable distribution. For example, the relative rate of change of the velocity field and the relative rate of change of the pressure field are lower than a preset stability threshold.

[0027] In step S21, the introduced electrochemical reaction mass source is as follows: (1) Based on the introduced electrochemical reaction mass source, the flow field equations are further activated to simulate the distribution of the electrochemical reaction mass source gas in the gas channel under the drive of the flow field, until the pressure and velocity distribution in the gas channel are stable. Among them, the flow field equations include the continuity equation and the momentum equation. The continuity equation is shown in equation (2), and the momentum equation is shown in equation (3). (2) (3) in, p For gas concentration, u For flow rate, P For pressure, This is the gas viscous diffusion term. This refers to momentum source terms (such as porous media resistance, user-defined resistance, etc.).

[0028] S22. Under the constraints of constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution, activate the mass transport equation in the multiphysics coupling model to simulate and solve the first battery operation process until the first convergence condition is met and the first distribution field is obtained; wherein, the first convergence condition is that the relative change rate of the electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value.

[0029] In step S22, after solving the cold flow field of the fuel cell stack, the mass transport equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated, and the fuel cell stack is kept at a constant preset temperature. A constant preset discharge current distribution is used to limit the gas diffusion coefficient in the mass transport equation, thereby quickly obtaining the initial component transport field of the fuel cell stack operation under these conditions. During the simulation of the first battery operation process, the molar concentrations of fuel gas and air are monitored as convergence criteria. When the relative change rate of the molar concentrations of fuel gas and air is lower than a first preset value, the simulation calculation of the first battery operation process is stopped, and the calculation results are output. In some embodiments, the first preset value is set at 1×10⁻⁶. -3 Magnitude.

[0030] In step S22, the mass transport equation can be set as follows: (4) in, Y i Let i be the mass fraction of component i. D i Let be the diffusion coefficient of gas i. S i For component source terms, S i Used to represent the change in molar mass of each gas component i when a uniform current density distribution is generated; S i for: (5) Where, j v M is the current density. i Let be the molar mass of component i, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0031] Next, step S3 is executed: based on the first distribution field, under constant preset temperature conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model to obtain the second distribution field; the second distribution field includes the first electric field obtained from the simulation and the first component transport field synchronously updated based on the first electric field.

[0032] In step S3, using the first distribution field as the initial condition, and under the constraint of a constant preset temperature, the mass transport equation and electrochemical reaction equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the second battery operation process. This simulates and solves the electrochemical reaction process of the reactant gas in an isothermal flow field until the second convergence condition is met, and the second distribution field is obtained. The second convergence condition is that when the relative change rate of the molar concentrations of fuel gas and air is lower than a first preset value, and the relative change rate of the average operating current density is lower than a second preset value, the simulation calculation of the second battery operation process is stopped, and the calculation results are output. In some embodiments, the first preset value is set at 1×10⁻⁶.-3 The magnitude, the second preset value is set at 1×10 -4 Magnitude.

[0033] In step S3, under the constraint of a constant preset temperature, the flow field equation, mass transport equation, and electrochemical reaction equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated, resulting in a change in the current density distribution within the battery. v These are physical quantities relevant to specific reaction locations, not constants during the operation of the first battery. Then, based on local gas concentration and potential, the local electrochemical reactions within the battery are calculated using electrochemical reaction equations to obtain the current density distribution during the simulated operation of the second battery. And based on the obtained current density distribution j... v Update electrochemical reaction mass source term S m and component source term S i Through the updated electrochemical reaction mass source term S m and component source term S i The reaction is applied to the flow field calculation, thereby updating the initial component transport field to the first component transport field. Finally, the first electric field (i.e., the obtained current density distribution), the first component transport field, and the iteratively stable flow and pressure fields are combined to obtain the second distribution field.

[0034] Next, step S4 is executed: based on the second distribution field and with a preset gas diffusion coefficient, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the battery operation process until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, so as to obtain the simulation results.

[0035] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, step S4 includes the following steps: S41. Based on the second distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the battery operation process, thereby obtaining a third distribution field; the third distribution field includes the initial temperature field obtained from the simulation solution and the synchronously updated second component transport field and second electric field.

[0036] In step S41, using the second distribution field as the initial condition, a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient is used to constrain the mass transport equation. The mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the third battery operation process. This simulates and solves the electrochemical reaction process of the reactant gas under weak coupling of multiple thermal, electrical, and fluid fields until the third convergence condition is met, and the third distribution field is obtained. During the simulation and solution of the third battery operation process, the under-relaxation factor of the mass transport equation is limited to 0.8 or below to prevent numerical divergence caused by local depletion of reactants.

[0037] The third convergence condition can be set as follows: the relative change rate of the electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than a first preset value; the relative change rate of the average operating current density is lower than a second preset value; and the ratio of the net heat transfer rate to the total heat release power of the fuel cell stack is lower than a third preset value. In some embodiments, the first preset value is set at 1×10⁻⁶. -3 The magnitude, the second preset value is set at 1×10 -4 The third preset value can be set to 5% to 10% for the magnitude.

[0038] In step S41, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated, and the gas diffusion coefficient is set to a preset value to calculate the initial temperature field based on the second distribution field. The initial temperature field is then substituted into the combined flow field equation and mass transport equation to update the local component concentration. Subsequently, based on the updated local component concentration, the electrochemical reaction equation is substituted to calculate the local electrochemical reaction within the battery, obtaining an updated current density distribution. Finally, the electrochemical reaction mass source term S is updated based on the obtained current density distribution. m and component source term S i This process, in turn, influences the flow field calculation, thereby updating the component transport field. After the above process is coupled and iterated, the initial temperature field, the second component transport field, the second electric field, and the iteratively stable flow and pressure fields in the third distribution field can be obtained.

[0039] Because the temperature field calculation is coupled with other physical fields (such as component transport field and electric field) simulated during the operation of the first and second batteries, the temperature field calculation changes the reaction kinetics, conductivity parameters, and heat source distribution at the beginning of the iteration. If the effective diffusion coefficient, which is strongly correlated with temperature, pressure, and component ratio, is used directly at this point... The mass transport equation is prone to drastic fluctuations. Therefore, in step S41, the gas diffusion coefficient in the mass transport equation is first set to a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient to reduce data iteration fluctuations and significantly reduce computation time. The preset gas diffusion coefficient can be a representative value at the target operating temperature and inlet pressure, or it can be an empirically calibrated value.

[0040] In some embodiments, the activated energy equation in step S41 can be: (6) in, p For gas concentration, h For enthalpy, T For temperature, k eff For effective thermal conductivity, This is the gas viscous diffusion term. S T This is a heat source term.

[0041] S42. Based on the third distribution field, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved through the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges to obtain the simulation results.

[0042] In step S42, with the third distribution field as the initial condition, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced into the mass transport equation, and the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the operation process of the fourth battery. This simulates and solves the electrochemical reaction process of the reactant gas under strong coupling of multiple fields of heat, electricity, and flow, and obtains the simulation results under multiphysics coupling calculation. The simulation results include the converged flow field, component transport field, electric field, and temperature field of the fourth battery operation process simulation solution.

[0043] In step S42, by activating the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model, the effective gas diffusion coefficient is calculated based on the third distribution field. This calculated effective gas diffusion coefficient is then used to react with the flow field and mass transport field in the simulation, thereby updating the local component concentration. The updated local component concentration is then substituted into the electrochemical reaction equation to calculate the local electrochemical reaction within the battery, obtaining an updated current density distribution. Finally, the electrochemical reaction mass source term S is updated based on the obtained current density distribution. m and component source term S i This process, in turn, influences the flow field calculation, thereby updating the component transport field. Once the coupled iterative process converges, stable simulation results can be obtained.

[0044] In the simulation solution of the fourth battery operation process, since the third distribution field has given a relatively stable initial temperature field and second component transport field, the under-relaxation factor of the component transport equation can be appropriately relaxed, such as limiting the under-relaxation factor of the mass transport equation to 0.9 or below.

[0045] In the simulation of the fourth battery's operation, the convergence of the multiphysics equation residuals is used as the final convergence criterion. For example, when the residuals of the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation converge, the simulation of the battery's operation is complete, and the converged simulation results are obtained. For instance, in the simulation of the fourth battery's operation, when the residual of the continuity equation in the flow field equation is less than 1 × 10⁻⁶, the simulation is considered complete. -3 Furthermore, the residuals of the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation are less than 1×10⁻⁶. -6 When the simulation solution for the fourth battery operation process converges, it is determined that the simulation solution has converged.

[0046] In some embodiments, the effective gas diffusion coefficient of each component gas i introduced in step S42 As shown in equations (7) to (9) below. Equation (7) represents the effective gas diffusion coefficient of each component gas i. Equation (8) represents the effective binary molecular diffusion coefficient between gas i and gas j. Equation (9) represents the effective Knudsen diffusion coefficient of gas i. Equations (7) to (9) are shown below: (7) (8) (9) Where ε is the electrode porosity and τ is the electrode tortuosity factor. x i Let i be the component ratio of gas i. V i Let d be the diffusion volume of gas i. p The average pore diameter of the porous medium for electrodes. P For pressure, T For temperature.

[0047] In summary, the operational simulation method provided in this application can adapt to multiphysics simulations of solid oxide fuel cell stacks with different structural forms, operating modes, and working conditions. It has good engineering versatility and scalability, and is suitable for multiphysics coupled simulation analysis of solid oxide fuel cells, solid oxide electrolytic cells, and their reversible stacks. Furthermore, by constructing a step-by-step coupled iterative path, setting quantitative intermediate step switching criteria, and dynamically adjusting the gas diffusion coefficient model, this operational simulation method can significantly improve computational efficiency and simulation stability while ensuring simulation accuracy.

[0048] For example, when performing a multiphysics coupling model of a 5 kW SOEC fuel cell stack using the simulation method described in this application on a 2-CPU / 24-core workstation, the computation time required for each step S2, S3, S41, and S42 is 4, 2, 15, and 25 minutes, respectively, totaling 46 minutes. However, if FLUENT's default convergence criterion, i.e., the traditional full convergence criterion, is used, and the actual gas diffusion coefficient is used throughout the step-by-step coupling calculation, the total time required is 76 minutes. The simulation method described in this application saves approximately 40% of the time in simulating and converging the model. Furthermore, since both simulation methods use the same convergence criterion in the final multiphysics fully coupled simulation, there is no difference in the simulation results between the two strategies. Moreover, the calculation process using the new method is more stable and less prone to divergence. As the model size increases, the effect of this new calculation strategy in improving simulation efficiency will become even more pronounced.

[0049] In a second aspect, in some embodiments, the present invention provides an operational simulation system for a solid oxide battery stack, which corresponds one-to-one with the operational simulation methods described in the above embodiments.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the simulation system 10 includes a model building module 11, a first simulation module 12, a second simulation module 13, and a third simulation module 14. Detailed descriptions of each functional module are as follows: Model building module 11 constructs a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack; The first simulation module 12 introduces an electrochemical reaction mass source. Under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions, it performs battery operation process simulation and solution through the multi-physics coupling model and obtains a first distribution field, which includes an initial component transport field. The second simulation module 13, based on the first distribution field, simulates and solves the battery operation process under constant preset temperature conditions through the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation solution and a first component transport field synchronously updated based on the first electric field; The third simulation module 14, based on the second distribution field, presets the gas diffusion coefficient, and activates the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model to simulate and solve the battery operation process until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, so as to obtain the simulation results.

[0051] In one embodiment, the model building module 11 is specifically used for: A geometric model is constructed based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack; Boundary conditions are set based on the geometric model to construct a multiphysics coupling model; the multiphysics coupling model is used to simulate and solve the component transport field, electric field, and temperature field of the solid oxide battery stack during battery operation.

[0052] In one embodiment, the first simulation module 12 is specifically used for: By introducing fuel mass sources and air mass sources, the flow field equations in the multiphysics coupling model are activated for pre-simulation and solution until the relative rates of change of the velocity field and pressure field in the geometric model stabilize. Under the constraints of constant preset temperature and preset operating current density distribution, the mass transport equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the first battery operation process until the first convergence condition is met and the first distribution field is obtained; wherein, the first convergence condition is that the relative change rate of electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value.

[0053] In one embodiment, the second simulation module 13 is specifically used for: Based on the first distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset temperature, the mass transport equation and electrochemical reaction equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the second battery operation process until the second convergence condition is met and the second distribution field is obtained; the second convergence condition includes that the relative change rate of electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value and the relative change rate of average working current density is lower than the second preset value. In the simulation of the second battery operation, the working current density distribution of the solid oxide battery stack during operation is simulated to obtain the first electric field; and the initial component transport field is updated synchronously based on the first electric field to obtain the first component transport field.

[0054] In one embodiment, the third simulation module 14 is specifically used for: Based on the second distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the battery operation process, thereby obtaining a third distribution field; the third distribution field includes the initial temperature field distribution obtained from the simulation solution and the synchronously updated second component transport field and second electric field. Based on the third distribution field, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved through the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges to obtain the simulation results.

[0055] In one embodiment, the third simulation module 14 is specifically used for: Based on the second distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient, the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the third battery operation process until the third convergence condition is met and the third distribution field is obtained. The third convergence condition includes that the relative change rate of electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value, the relative change rate of average operating current density is lower than the second preset value, and the ratio of net heat transfer rate to total heat release power of the stack is less than the third preset value.

[0056] In one embodiment, the third simulation module 14 is specifically used for: Based on the third distribution field, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced into the mass transport equation, and the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the fourth battery operation process until the residuals of the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation converge to obtain the simulation results.

[0057] Specific limitations regarding the runtime simulation system 10 can be found in the limitations of the runtime simulation method described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the runtime simulation system 10 can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of the computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0058] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, the internal structure of which can be shown as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, network interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface is used to communicate with an external server via a network connection. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements the functions or steps of a Doppler point detection method.

[0059] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps: Based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack, a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack is constructed. An electrochemical reaction mass source is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions. The first distribution field is obtained, which includes the initial component transport field. Based on the first distribution field, under constant preset temperature conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation and a first component transport field that is synchronously updated based on the first electric field; Based on the second distribution field, a preset gas diffusion coefficient is used to simulate and solve the battery operation process by activating the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining the simulation results.

[0060] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program performing the following steps when executed by a processor: Based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack, a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack is constructed. An electrochemical reaction mass source is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions. The first distribution field is obtained, which includes the initial component transport field. Based on the first distribution field, under constant preset temperature conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation and a first component transport field that is synchronously updated based on the first electric field; Based on the second distribution field, a preset gas diffusion coefficient is used to simulate and solve the battery operation process by activating the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining the simulation results.

[0061] It should be noted that the functions or steps that can be implemented by the computer-readable storage medium or computer device described above can be referred to the relevant descriptions on the server side and client side in the foregoing method embodiments. To avoid repetition, they will not be described one by one here.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAM bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

Claims

1. A method for simulating the operation of a solid oxide battery stack, characterized in that, include: Based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack, a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack is constructed. An electrochemical reaction mass source is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions. The first distribution field is obtained, which includes the initial component transport field. Based on the first distribution field, under constant preset temperature conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation and a first component transport field that is synchronously updated based on the first electric field; Based on the second distribution field, a preset gas diffusion coefficient is used to simulate and solve the battery operation process by activating the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining the simulation results.

2. The simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack based on its geometric parameters includes: A geometric model is constructed based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack; Boundary conditions are set based on the geometric model to construct a multiphysics coupling model; the multiphysics coupling model is used to simulate and solve the component transport field, electric field, and temperature field of the solid oxide battery stack during battery operation.

3. The simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electrochemical reaction mass source is introduced. Under constant preset temperature and preset operating current density distribution conditions, the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model to obtain the first distribution field, including: By introducing fuel mass sources and air mass sources, the flow field equations in the multiphysics coupling model are activated for pre-simulation until the relative rates of change of the velocity field and pressure field in the geometric model stabilize. Under the constraints of constant preset temperature and preset operating current density distribution, the mass transport equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the first battery operation process until the first convergence condition is met and the first distribution field is obtained; wherein, the first convergence condition is that the relative change rate of electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value.

4. The simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second distribution field is obtained by simulating the battery operation process using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature conditions, based on the first distribution field, including: Based on the first distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset temperature, the mass transport equation and electrochemical reaction equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the second battery operation process until the second convergence condition is met and the second distribution field is obtained; the second convergence condition includes that the relative change rate of electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value and the relative change rate of average working current density is lower than the second preset value. In the simulation of the second battery operation, the working current density distribution of the solid oxide battery stack during operation is simulated to obtain the first electric field; and the initial component transport field is updated synchronously based on the first electric field to obtain the first component transport field.

5. The simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the second distribution field and with a preset gas diffusion coefficient, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the battery operation process until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining simulation results, including: Based on the second distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the battery operation process, thereby obtaining a third distribution field; the third distribution field includes the initial temperature field distribution obtained from the simulation solution and the synchronously updated second component transport field and second electric field. Based on the third distribution field, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved through the multiphysics coupling model until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges to obtain the simulation results.

6. The simulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the second distribution field, and under the constraint of a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient, the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model is activated to simulate and solve the battery operation process, thereby obtaining the third distribution field, including: Based on the second distribution field, under the constraint of a constant preset gas diffusion coefficient, the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the third battery operation process until the third convergence condition is met and the third distribution field is obtained. The third convergence condition includes that the relative change rate of electrochemical reaction gas concentration is lower than the first preset value, the relative change rate of average operating current density is lower than the second preset value, and the ratio of net heat transfer rate to total heat release power of the stack is less than the third preset value.

7. The simulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the third distribution field, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced, and the battery operation process is simulated and solved using the multiphysics coupling model until the residuals of the multiphysics distribution equation converge to obtain simulation results, including: Based on the third distribution field, an effective gas diffusion coefficient is introduced into the mass transport equation, and the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model are activated to simulate and solve the fourth battery operation process until the residuals of the mass transport equation, electrochemical reaction equation, and energy equation converge to obtain the simulation results.

8. A simulation system for the operation of a solid oxide battery stack, characterized in that, include: The model building module constructs a multiphysics coupling model of the solid oxide battery stack based on the geometric parameters of the solid oxide battery stack. The first simulation module introduces an electrochemical reaction mass source and, under constant preset temperature and preset working current density distribution conditions, simulates and solves the battery operation process through the multiphysics coupling model to obtain a first distribution field, which includes an initial component transport field. The second simulation module, based on the first distribution field, simulates and solves the battery operation process using the multiphysics coupling model under constant preset temperature conditions to obtain a second distribution field; the second distribution field includes a first electric field obtained from the simulation solution and a first component transport field synchronously updated based on the first electric field; The third simulation module, based on the second distribution field and with a preset gas diffusion coefficient, activates the energy equation in the multiphysics coupling model to simulate and solve the battery operation process until the residual of the multiphysics distribution equation converges, thereby obtaining the simulation results.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: Processor and memory; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is connected to the memory and is used to execute a computer program stored in the memory to cause the computer device to perform the steps of the simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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