A two-dimensional matrix bosonic encoding superconducting quantum processor and syndrome extraction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of quantum computing and quantum information processing, and provides a two-dimensional row-column Bose coding superconducting quantum processor and a syndrome extraction method, which comprises a two-dimensional multi-energy-level superconducting quantum bit array, a row Bose coding quantum bus group and a column Bose coding quantum bus group extending along two intersecting directions; each multi-energy-level superconducting quantum bit forms two selectable coupling relationships with the row Bose coding quantum bus and the column Bose coding quantum bus; a direction selection control unit is used for activating the effective coupling between the selected multi-energy-level superconducting quantum bit and the Bose coding quantum bus of the selected direction in a common action window; and a quantum bit control unit is used for establishing parallel conditional exchanges between a plurality of selected multi-energy-level superconducting quantum bits and the same Bose coding quantum bus, forming a controlled phase gate product, reducing communication and routing overheads in a qLDPC non-local check process, reducing resource occupation and execution depth, and improving parallel execution capability of syndrome extraction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of quantum computing and quantum information processing technology, specifically to a two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor and a syndrome extraction method. Applied to the qLDPC quantum error correction execution scenario based on a superconducting quantum processor, it establishes an interactive connection between a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubit array and a row-column stabilized Bose-coded cat-state quantum bus group in a flip-chip. The HGP verification structure is mapped to the physical execution chain, enabling star-shaped quantum gate operations between the verification qubits and data qubits, and outputting the syndrome information required for error correction. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of quantum computing technology, achieving large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing has become an important research direction. Quantum low-density parity-check codes (qLDPCs), with their high coding efficiency and low physical resource overhead, are considered one of the important error correction schemes for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing. qLDPC codes obtain syndrome information through quantum gate interactions between check qubits and data qubits to determine the type of error in the quantum computing process. Hypergraph product codes (HGPs), as a typical qLDPC code, have a two-dimensional tensor product structure for their check relation, which includes a large number of non-local qubit interactions.

[0003] Existing qLDPC error correction schemes based on superconducting quantum processors typically employ two-dimensional nearest-neighbor qubit arrays, using fixed or tunable couplers to achieve operations between adjacent qubits. When performing nonlocal verification, since the relevant qubits may not be adjacent in physical space, information exchange between qubits is usually achieved through SWAP operations, quantum state routing, or additional communication structures, leading to an increase in the number of quantum gates, increased execution depth, and error accumulation.

[0004] Furthermore, while existing common resonators, superconducting quantum buses, and cat-state-assisted error correction schemes can achieve interaction between multiple qubits or assist in syndrome measurement, they typically lack a physical mapping mechanism for the qLDPC two-dimensional check structure, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of nonlocal check connections, one-to-many quantum gate execution, and large-scale syndrome extraction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a superconducting quantum processor architecture that can adapt to the qLDPC check structure, reduce nonlocal interaction overhead, and achieve efficient syndrome extraction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in existing technologies, this invention proposes a two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor and a syndrome extraction method. This addresses the issues of non-local verification connections relying on quantum state routing and consuming significant additional communication resources in existing qLDPC quantum error correction processes, as well as the difficulty of effectively mapping the HGP two-dimensional verification structure to the interaction relationship of physical qubits in existing superconducting quantum processors. To achieve the above objectives, this invention utilizes the following techniques: This application provides a two-dimensional matrix-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor, comprising: A two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array, and row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum bus groups extending along two intersecting directions; each multi-level superconducting quantum bit forms two selectable operation coupling relationships with the corresponding row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum bus; each Bose-coded quantum bus has a Bose-coded storage mode for forming a two-dimensional logical coding subspace and a unit for maintaining the stability or error correction of the coding subspace; The direction selection control unit is used to activate the effective coupling between the selected multilevel superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the selected direction within the interaction window, and to suppress the effective interaction between the selected multilevel superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the other direction; for the unselected multilevel superconducting qubit, it suppresses the effective interaction with the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus. The qubit control unit is used to select the auxiliary transitions of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit, enabling multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits to establish parallel conditional exchanges with the Bose-coded storage modes of the Bose-coded quantum bus in the same selected direction within a common action window through auxiliary transitions. By returning the selected multi-level superconducting qubits to their respective computational subspaces and performing phase closure, a controlled phase gate product is formed between the Bose-coded storage modes and multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits. The projection of the bus physical operator coupled with the auxiliary transitions into the coding subspace has different diagonal effects on the two logical ground states of the coding subspace.

[0006] Preferably, the coding subspace is a two-component cat-state coding subspace, or a compressed cat-state coding subspace obtained by applying the same compression transformation to the two logical ground states of the two-component cat-state coding subspace. The stabilization or error correction unit maintains the coding subspace through two-photon dissipation, two-photon drive, Kerr nonlinearity, or stabilization adapted to the adopted coding. The quantum bit control unit calibrates the parallel conditional exchange and return control according to the physical coupling projection of the bus physical operator in the corresponding coding subspace.

[0007] Preferably, the coupling relationship between the two selectable operations is achieved by at least one of independent adjustable couplers, shared coupling networks, frequency tuning, parametric sidebands, or interferometric shutdown; the effective interaction of the unselected directions is suppressed by at least one of shutdown, full detuning, frequency selection, parametric sideband selection, or interferometric cancellation, so that the residual exchange or conditional phase generated by the unselected directions within the co-action window is lower than the preset gate error budget.

[0008] Preferably, it further includes a first superconducting chip and a second superconducting chip arranged face-to-face; a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array and a row Bose-coded quantum bus group are disposed on the first superconducting chip, and a column Bose-coded quantum bus group is disposed on the second superconducting chip; the row Bose-coded quantum bus and the column Bose-coded quantum bus are respectively carried by coplanar waveguide resonators extending in mutually orthogonal directions, and each multi-level superconducting quantum bit is located at the intersection of the top-view projection direction of the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus.

[0009] Preferably, after the bus physical operator is projected onto the encoding subspace, the dominant diagonal action has non-zero, equal-modulus and inverse coefficients in the two logic ground states. The correction of deviation from the dominant diagonal action and the leakage outside the encoding subspace are suppressed or compensated by the stabilization or error correction unit and the quantum bit control unit. Each selected multilevel superconducting qubit has a swapped dual state consisting of a first swapped state and a second swapped state, and at least one level outside the computational subspace. The computational state participating in the controlled phase gate is directly used as the first swapped state, or mapped to the first swapped state outside the computational subspace through temporary storage control. The qubit control unit is used to enable each selected multilevel superconducting qubit to complete a conditional half-swap within the common action window, and to perform return control after the effective swap ends, and to perform release of temporary storage control and phase correction when temporary storage control is used, so that each selected multilevel superconducting qubit returns to the corresponding computational subspace, and the computational state not participating in the controlled phase gate remains unchanged or only generates a compensable phase.

[0010] Preferably, the quantum bit control unit uniformly sets or separately calibrates the effective coupling envelope and exchange axis phase of the control channel corresponding to each selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit, so that each selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit obtains the same target effective rotation angle and exchange axis within the common action window.

[0011] Preferably, the computational subspace of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit consists of the ground state g and the first excited state e, and adopts any of the following exchange paths: Using the e-state as the first exchange state and the second excited state f-state as the second exchange state, an exchanged dual state is constructed. After completing the conditional half-exchange, the f-state component is returned to the e-state via return control; or, The e-state component is temporarily stored in the f-state. The f-state is used as the first exchange state, and the third excited state h-state is used as the second exchange state to form an exchanged double state. After the conditional half-exchange is completed, the h-state component is returned to the f-state by returning control, and the temporary storage is released so that the f-state component returns to the e-state. The quantum bit control unit completes phase closure by setting or correcting the phase of at least one of the corresponding control pulses in conditional half-swapping, return control, and release control when temporary control is used.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a bus fabrication and logic basis conversion interface, a superconducting quantum bit fabrication and readout unit, and a syndrome controller; The syndrome controller is used to receive the physical node mapping and pre-generated star operation layer of CSS type quantum low-density parity-check code, determine the center qubit, target qubit set, Bose-coded quantum bus and direction of action of each star operation block, and bind the star operation block to the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus or column Bose-coded quantum bus, wherein the center qubit is a check qubit or a data qubit; The syndrome controller controls the central qubit and the target qubit set to perform a star operation via the corresponding Bose-coded quantum bus. After completing the star operation, it releases the entanglement between the Bose-coded quantum bus and the central and target qubit sets, and outputs syndrome information based on the measurement results of the verification qubit.

[0013] Preferably, the comprehensive controller determines non-conflicting star operation blocks based on the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources occupied by each star operation block; the same Bosonic-coded quantum bus serves a star center within the same action window, performing parallel conditional swaps on multiple target qubits in the star operation block; for non-conflicting star operation blocks bound to different Bosonic-coded quantum buses, the comprehensive controller controls the action windows to overlap at least partially, and maintains mutual exclusion between the row direction effective action and the column direction effective action corresponding to each participating qubit.

[0014] Preferably, the non-conflicting star operation blocks with at least partial overlap of operating windows include at least one star operation block bound to a row Bosonic-coded quantum bus and at least one star operation block bound to a column Bosonic-coded quantum bus, and the star operation blocks do not share qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum buses, pump, readout and control frequency resources.

[0015] Preferably, the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code is a hypergraph product code constructed from two classical binary parity-check matrices; the variable node set and the parity node set of the two classical binary parity-check matrices are respectively denoted as... , and , The first data area, the second data area, the X check area, and the Z check area are respectively set in , , and The corresponding two-dimensional regions; the verification association between the X verification region and the first data region and the verification association between the Z verification region and the second data region are bound to the column Bose-coded quantum bus, and the verification association between the X verification region and the second data region and the verification association between the Z verification region and the first data region are bound to the row Bose-coded quantum bus; The number of variable nodes and the number of check nodes in the two classic binary parity-check matrices are respectively , , and The first data area, the second data area, the X check area, and the Z check area are all filled by... Individual row position and The rectangle formed by the positions of the columns has a total of _____. The row-based and column-based Bose-coded quantum buses are configured according to row and column positions, respectively, and the total number of Bose-coded quantum buses is [number missing]. ;in, , , and They are respectively , , and The number of nodes.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a measurement interface and a reset interface connected to the Bose-coded storage mode, wherein the measurement interface and the reset interface are implemented by independent ports or multiplexed ports, respectively; The syndrome controller is used to call the measurement interface to measure the Bose-coded storage mode after at least one star operation block completes the star operation and de-entangles the Bose-coded quantum bus with the corresponding qubit. If the measured Bose-coded storage mode does not meet the logic initial state required for subsequent calls, the controller calls the reset interface. The measurement result or the flag record generated therefrom is associated with at least one of the following: bus identifier, round identifier, star operation block identifier, or time information, and is output in association with syndrome information.

[0017] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a method for extracting the syndrome of a two-dimensional matrix-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor, which includes the following steps: Step S1: Receive the physical node mapping, test parity type and pre-generated star operation layer of CSS type quantum low-density parity-check code, determine the central qubit, target qubit set and the Boson-coded quantum bus and direction of action of each star operation block, and arrange the execution order according to qubit, Boson-coded quantum bus, pump, control and readout resources. Step S2: Prepare superconducting verification qubits according to the type of verification to be tested; prepare the selected Bose-coded quantum bus into a logical initial state that is compatible with the corresponding star operation circuit; maintain the two-dimensional logical encoding subspace of the Bose-coded storage mode through stabilization or error correction; activate the effective coupling between the selected multi-level superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the selected direction within the interaction window; and suppress the effective interaction between multi-level superconducting qubits in the unselected direction and those not participating in the star operation. Step S3 involves performing entanglement operations between the central qubit and the Bose-encoded quantum bus, parallel controlled phase operations between the Bose-encoded quantum bus and multiple target qubits, and reverse decontrol on each star-shaped operation block. This is combined with bus logic basis transformation and qubit local basis transformation to de-entangle the Bose-encoded quantum bus and form controlled phase gate products or local Clifford equivalent operations that maintain the same verification effect between the central qubit and each target qubit. The parallel controlled phase operations establish parallel conditional exchanges with the same Bose-encoded storage mode within the common action window through auxiliary transitions of multiple target qubits, and are then realized by returning to the computation subspace and phase closure. Step S4: Keep or restore the unentangled Bose-coded quantum bus to the logical initial state required for the next call, and continue to execute the remaining star operation blocks; Step S5: After completing the corresponding verification operation, apply the required basis transformation to the superconducting verification qubit according to the verification type to be tested and measure it. Output the syndrome information based on the measurement results.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the Bosonic-coded storage mode of the selected Bosonic-coded quantum bus is prepared as a superposition of two logic ground states with equal amplitude and in-phase; in step S3, the controlled phase gate between the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the logical Hadamard transform of the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the controlled phase gate product between the Bosonic-coded storage mode and multiple target qubits are sequentially executed on each star-shaped operation block, the logical Hadamard transform is applied again, and the controlled phase gate between the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode is applied again, so that the Bosonic-coded storage mode is unentangled with the central qubit and multiple target qubits; in step S4, the unentangled Bosonic-coded storage mode is returned to the superposition of equal amplitude and in-phase; or, the above gate operation sequence is rewritten locally with the same verification effect, and the logic initial state preparation, logic basis transformation and readout basis are adjusted accordingly.

[0019] Preferably, non-conflicting star operation blocks are selected according to the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources occupied by each star operation block, and the non-conflicting star operation blocks are determined to be executed in parallel; in step S3, the common action windows of non-conflicting star operation blocks bound to different Bosonic-coded quantum buses are at least partially overlapped, and the effective row direction action and column direction action of each participating qubit within the common action window are mutually exclusive.

[0020] Preferably, for CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check codes that do not have a four-region direct mapping structure of supergraph product codes, in step S1, the physical node mapping and pre-generation operation layer further specifies relay qubits and auxiliary interaction operation layers for realizing cross-row and column parity-check association; the relay qubits are existing qubits or additional auxiliary qubits in a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubit array that can participate in relaying; according to the physical node mapping and auxiliary interaction operation layer, the row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus are called to perform auxiliary interaction in layers; when using measurement-assisted remote gates to realize cross-row and column parity-check association, the bus measurement and Pauli frame correction required by the measurement-assisted remote gates are performed.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, after at least one star-shaped operation block untangles the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the Bosonic-coded storage mode is measured under the predetermined bus readout basis, and a reset is performed when the measured Bosonic-coded storage mode does not meet the logic initial state required for subsequent calls; the measurement result or the hard flag, soft confidence, erase flag, retest trigger information or calibration diagnostic quantity generated based on the measurement result is associated with at least one of the bus identifier, round identifier, star-shaped operation block identifier or time information to form a flag record; in step S5, the flag record is associated with the syndrome information and output to the external decoder or recovery controller.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following technical advantages: This application reduces the communication and routing overhead in the nonlocal verification process of qLDPC, decreases resource consumption and execution depth, and improves the parallel execution capability of syndrome extraction and the adaptability of the two-dimensional superconducting quantum processor to the qLDPC quantum error correction structure. By constructing a two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded quantum bus structure, two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubits can form selectable operation coupling relationships with their corresponding row and column Bose-coded quantum buses. Within the common action window, effective coupling in the corresponding direction is activated according to the verification operation direction, enabling the same Bose-coded storage mode to establish parallel conditional exchanges with multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits and form a one-to-many controlled phase operation. Combining the star operation layer of CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check codes, the two-dimensional verification structure mapping of supergraph product codes, and the parallel execution between different Bose-coded quantum buses, the dependence on quantum state routing and independent long-distance communication resources in the nonlocal verification process can be reduced, the additional operations and execution depth introduced by routing and resource conflicts can be reduced, the parallel execution capability and resource utilization efficiency of the syndrome extraction process can be improved, and the adaptability of the two-dimensional superconducting quantum processor to the qLDPC quantum error correction structure can be enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the selection of the intersection position and action direction of the row-stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus and the column-stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the switchable coupling connection between the multi-level superconducting qubit at the intersection position and the row-stable Bose-coded cat-state quantum bus and the column-stable Bose-coded cat-state quantum bus in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physical mapping and star-shaped operation window of the HGP two-dimensional verification structure in a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubit array in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 (a) is a top view of the 7×7 two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of the layout structure and the selection of the action direction at the intersection of the row-stable Bose-coded cat-state quantum bus and the column-stable Bose-coded cat-state quantum bus in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 (c) in the figure is a schematic diagram of multiple star-shaped operation windows corresponding to the Z-type verification with the same weight of 7 in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of BB code cross-row and column verification association based on relay nodes in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1: Second superconducting chip; 2: First superconducting chip; 3: Bose-coded quantum bus; 4: Two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] First Embodiment In quantum error correction, quantum low-density parity-check codes (qLDPCs) extract syndromes through the check correlation between check qubits and data qubits. Taking hypergraph product codes (HGP codes) as an example, their check correlation is constructed from two classical check matrices, forming a data qubit region and a check qubit region with a two-dimensional index relationship. Since some check qubits need to interact with multiple spatially non-adjacent data qubits, existing local or near-neighbor coupled superconducting quantum processors typically require SWAP routing, intermediate couplers, or additional communication structures to achieve non-local check, which easily increases the number of additional quantum gates, communication resources, and the execution depth of syndrome extraction.

[0027] Meanwhile, the check correlations of HGP codes have a two-dimensional tensor product structure, while the physical coupling relationships of existing superconducting quantum processors are usually not organized according to this two-dimensional check structure. If long-distance communication resources are set up separately for each non-local check correlation, not only will the number of communication resources increase, but when the same check involves multiple target qubits, executing quantum gates one by one will also increase the operation time. In the two-dimensional row-column cross structure, it is also necessary to avoid the same qubit from undergoing non-target interactions in both row and column directions simultaneously.

[0028] Based on this, this embodiment provides a two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor. Row-column and column-column Bose-coded quantum bus groups are respectively set in two intersecting directions of the two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array. Each multi-level superconducting quantum bit forms two selectable coupling relationships with its corresponding row-column and column-column Bose-coded quantum buses. The direction selection control unit activates the effective coupling between the selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit and the Bose-coded quantum bus 3 in the selected direction within the common interaction window, and suppresses the effective interaction in the other direction and with unparticipated quantum bits. The quantum bit control unit enables multiple selected multi-level superconducting quantum bits to establish parallel conditional exchanges with the Bose-coded storage mode of the same selected Bose-coded quantum bus through assisted transitions, and forms a controlled phase-gate product through return to the computation subspace and phase closure.

[0029] Based on this, the check associations of CSS-type qLDPC codes can be organized into a pre-generated star-shaped operation layer according to the corresponding physical direction, and each star-shaped operation block can be bound to the corresponding row-type or column-type Bose-coded quantum bus, enabling non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks to execute in parallel. For HGP codes, their two-dimensional check structure can be used to establish a direct mapping relationship between the data area, check area, and row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses, reducing the dependence on quantum state routing and independent long-distance communication resources during non-local check processes. The following describes this embodiment in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: This application provides a two-dimensional matrix-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor, comprising: A two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array, and row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum bus groups extending along two intersecting directions; each multi-level superconducting quantum bit forms two selectable operation coupling relationships with the corresponding row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum bus; each Bose-coded quantum bus has a Bose-coded storage mode for forming a two-dimensional logical coding subspace and a unit for maintaining the stability or error correction of the coding subspace; The direction selection control unit is used to activate the effective coupling between the selected multilevel superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the selected direction within the interaction window, and to suppress the effective interaction between the selected multilevel superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the other direction; for the unselected multilevel superconducting qubit, it suppresses the effective interaction with the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus. The qubit control unit is used to select the auxiliary transitions of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit, enabling multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits to establish parallel conditional exchanges with the Bose-coded storage modes of the Bose-coded quantum bus in the same selected direction within a common action window through auxiliary transitions. By returning the selected multi-level superconducting qubits to their respective computational subspaces and performing phase closure, a controlled phase gate product is formed between the Bose-coded storage modes and multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits. The projection of the bus physical operator coupled with the auxiliary transitions into the coding subspace has different diagonal effects on the two logical ground states of the coding subspace.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor provided in this embodiment includes a first superconducting chip 2 and a second superconducting chip 1 arranged face-to-face. The first superconducting chip 2 is equipped with a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array 4 and a Bose-coded quantum bus 3 extending along a first direction. The second superconducting chip 1 is equipped with a Bose-coded quantum bus 3 extending along a second direction. The first and second directions intersect to form a row-type and a column-type Bose-coded quantum bus group, respectively. Each multi-level superconducting quantum bit is positioned at the intersection of the corresponding row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses in the top-view projection direction, and forms two selectable operational coupling relationships with the corresponding row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses, respectively.

[0031] In this embodiment, the row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses can be carried by coplanar waveguide resonators extending in mutually orthogonal directions, respectively. Each Bose-coded quantum bus 3 has a Bose-coded storage mode, which is used to form a two-dimensional logic coding subspace. By setting the row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses on the first superconducting chip 2 and the second superconducting chip 1 facing each other, respectively, a two-dimensional bus network with intersecting rows and columns can be formed in the top-view projection direction without having the row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses directly intersect in the same chip plane.

[0032] During quantum operations, either a row-based or column-based Bose-coded quantum bus is selected based on the direction of the current star-shaped operation. This activates the effective coupling between the selected multilevel superconducting qubit and the corresponding Bose-coded quantum bus 3, while suppressing effective interactions between the selected multilevel superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the other direction. For multilevel superconducting qubits not participating in the current star-shaped operation, their effective interactions with the corresponding row or column-based Bose-coded quantum buses are suppressed. This allows multiple selected multilevel superconducting qubits located in the same row or column to perform parallel quantum interactions within a shared interaction window, reusing the same Bose-coded quantum bus 3.

[0033] Preferably, the coding subspace is a two-component cat-state coding subspace, or a compressed cat-state coding subspace obtained by applying the same compression transformation to the two logical ground states of the two-component cat-state coding subspace. The stabilization or error correction unit maintains the coding subspace through two-photon dissipation, two-photon drive, Kerr nonlinearity, or stabilization adapted to the adopted coding. The quantum bit control unit calibrates the parallel conditional exchange and return control according to the physical coupling projection of the bus physical operator in the corresponding coding subspace.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, the Bosonic encoding storage mode of each Bosonic-encoded quantum bus 3 is used to form a two-dimensional logical encoding subspace. This two-dimensional logical encoding subspace can be a two-component cat-state encoding subspace, or a compressed cat-state encoding subspace obtained by further transformation of the two-component cat-state encoding subspace. In a specific implementation using two-component cat-state encoding, let P be the projection operator corresponding to the two-dimensional logical encoding subspace, and F be the bus physical operator coupled to the auxiliary transition of the multi-level superconducting quantum bit. Then, the effect of the bus physical operator F projected onto the two-dimensional logical encoding subspace can be expressed as: ; in, β represents the logical Z operator in the two-dimensional logical coding subspace, with two eigenvalues ​​of +1 and -1; β represents the dominant diagonal action coefficient of the bus physical operator F in the two-dimensional logical coding subspace. This represents a correction term that deviates from the dominant diagonal action. Thus, the bus physical operator F has different diagonal actions in the two logic ground states, with its dominant diagonal coefficients being non-zero, equal in modulus, and out of phase. This allows the Bose-encoded storage mode to establish conditional exchanges with multi-level superconducting qubits related to the logic ground state through corresponding auxiliary transitions.

[0035] Stabilization or error correction units are used to maintain the Bose-coded storage mode within the two-dimensional logical coding subspace. When using two-component cat-state coding, the two-component cat-state coding subspace can be maintained through at least one stabilizing effect among two-photon dissipation, two-photon drive, and Kerr nonlinearity. The correction term generated after projection of the bus physical operator is also considered. The leakage of the coding subspace that may occur during the actual control process can be included in the preset gate error budget and suppressed or compensated by the control parameter calibration of the stabilization or error correction unit and the quantum bit control unit.

[0036] Furthermore, in a specific implementation using compressed cat-state coding, the two logical ground states of the two-component cat-state coding are first used as the basis. Regarding the cat-state amplitude parameter... ,make The even and odd cat states of the two cat states are represented as follows: And based on even and odd cat states, construct two orthogonal logical ground states. and , , ; Apply the same squeezing transformation to both logic ground states. This yields the two corresponding compressed logic ground states, where: , ; in, This is the logical ground state index, taking a value of 0 or 1, corresponding to logical state 0 and logical state 1 respectively; subscript Represents the logical encoding space, This represents the logic ground state before applying the compression transformation. This indicates that a squeezing transformation is applied to the corresponding logic ground state. The resulting compressed logic ground state, where r is the compression parameter, and These represent the annihilation operator and the production operator corresponding to the Bose-encoded storage mode, respectively.

[0037] set up For the projection operator corresponding to the compressed cat-state coded subspace, the projection of the physical single-photon operator within the compressed cat-state coded subspace can be expressed as: ; In this formula, i is the imaginary unit, which satisfies ; For the parameters defined above, satisfying e is the natural constant, and r is the aforementioned compression parameter. The i, s, and exponential factors written together in the original formula are multiplicative, and this part has been explicitly written as... In order to distinguish the symbols, and Let Z and Y represent the corresponding logical operators in the compressed cat-state coding subspace, respectively. As can be seen from the projection relationship above, the compression transformation changes the dominant and non-dominant correction terms of the bus physical operators in the logical coding subspace. Therefore, the effective exchange strength, duration, and control pulse parameters already determined under ordinary two-component cat-state coding cannot be directly used as fixed control parameters under compressed cat-state coding.

[0038] Accordingly, the quantum bit control unit recalibrates the effective exchange strength, exchange interaction time, control phase, and return control parameters between the multi-level superconducting quantum bit and the Bose-coded storage mode based on the projection results of the bus physical operator in the compressed cat-state coding subspace, so that the corresponding conditional exchange can still obtain the preset target effective rotation angle, and complete the phase closure after returning control.

[0039] In one implementation, conditional exchange and return control can be performed directly within the compressed cat-state coding subspace. In another implementation, an inverse compression transformation can be performed on the compressed cat-state coding state first, returning it to the normal two-component cat-state coding subspace. After completing the conditional exchange and return control within the normal two-component cat-state coding subspace, a compression transformation is then applied to restore it to the compressed cat-state coding subspace. The control parameters corresponding to the compression transformation and inverse compression transformation are calibrated based on the specific device parameters and the target compression parameters.

[0040] Therefore, regardless of whether a two-component cat-state coding subspace or a compressed cat-state coding subspace is used, the corresponding two-dimensional logic coding subspace is maintained through stabilization or error correction. The quantum bit control unit calibrates the condition exchange and return control according to the projection results of the bus physical operators in the corresponding two-dimensional logic coding subspace.

[0041] Preferably, the coupling relationship between the two selectable operations is achieved by at least one of independent adjustable couplers, shared coupling networks, frequency tuning, parametric sidebands, or interferometric shutdown; the effective interaction of the unselected directions is suppressed by at least one of shutdown, full detuning, frequency selection, parametric sideband selection, or interferometric cancellation, so that the residual exchange or conditional phase generated by the unselected directions within the co-action window is lower than the preset gate error budget.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, let the multi-level superconducting quantum bit located at the intersection of the i-th row and j-th column in the two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array 4 be . With this multi-level superconducting quantum bit The corresponding row-based Bose-coded quantum bus is Figure 2 The cat-state quantum bus in the middle is denoted as The corresponding column of Bose-coded quantum bus is Figure 2 The quantum bus in the cat state is denoted as Multilevel superconducting qubits Respectively with the cat-state quantum bus Helebosonic coded quantum bus This creates a coupling relationship between two selectable operations. The direction selection control unit provides row direction selection values ​​for both the row and column directions. Column direction selection Within the same working window, satisfy ; in, Used to represent multi-level superconducting qubits With row-Boson encoded quantum bus Whether effective coupling in the row direction between them is activated. Represents a multi-level superconducting quantum bit With Bosonic-coded quantum bus Whether the effective coupling in the column direction between them is activated; through the above mutual exclusion constraints, the same multi-level superconducting qubits are made possible. Within the same interaction window, at most one of the row or column directions can be activated for effective coupling, avoiding simultaneous action of row and column directions on the same multilevel superconducting quantum bit. .

[0043] When the current quantum operation selects the row direction, the direction selection control unit activates the multi-level superconducting qubit. With row-Boson encoded quantum bus Effective coupling between them and suppression of multi-level superconducting qubits. With Bosonic-coded quantum bus Effective interaction between them; activation of multi-level superconducting qubits when the current quantum operation selects the column direction. With Bosonic-coded quantum bus Effective coupling between them and suppression of multi-level superconducting qubits. With row-Boson encoded quantum bus Effective interaction between them; when multi-level superconducting qubits When not selected to participate in the current quantum operation, its interaction with the corresponding row-Boson-coded quantum bus is suppressed. Helebosonic coded quantum bus Effective interaction between them.

[0044] Furthermore, to represent multi-level superconducting qubits With the corresponding row-Boson encoded quantum bus Helebosonic coded quantum bus The effective interaction between them, whose interaction Hamiltonian can be expressed as: ; in, and These represent row-Boson encoded quantum buses. Helebosonic coded quantum bus Annihilation operator for Boson-encoded storage mode, and These represent the effective exchange strength in the corresponding row and column directions, respectively. and These represent the corresponding production operators. and These represent the coupling phases of quantum interactions in the corresponding row and column directions, respectively. and They represent multi-level superconducting qubits. The two energy levels involved in the assisted transition serve as a specific realization of the exchanged dual state.

[0045] when When the corresponding row-direction effective coupling is activated, the row-direction interaction term in the formula is effective, while the column-direction interaction is suppressed; when When the corresponding column-direction effective coupling is activated, the column-direction interaction term in the formula is effective, while the row-direction interaction is suppressed. Therefore, the corresponding Bose-coded quantum bus 3 can be selected at the same intersection position according to the direction of the current quantum operation, and the effective exchange interaction in both the row and column directions can be avoided within the same common interaction window.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the coupling relationship between the two selectable operations can be achieved by setting them on the multi-level superconducting qubit. With row-Boson encoded quantum bus Between and multi-level superconducting qubits With Bosonic-coded quantum bus The coupling structure between the two selectable operations is implemented. The coupling relationship between the two operations can be implemented using independent tunable couplers, or through at least one of the following methods: shared coupling network, frequency tuning, parametric sidebands, or interferometric shutdown. Therefore, Figure 3 The connection structure shown is only for illustrating multi-level superconducting qubits. The optional coupling relationship between the row and column Bose-coded quantum bus does not require that the coupling relationship between the two optional operations must be formed by two independent entity coupling paths.

[0047] For unselected directions, their effective interactions can be achieved by adjusting the corresponding tunable coupler to the off-operation point, thus enabling the multi-level superconducting qubit to... The auxiliary transition is suppressed by fully detuning the corresponding Bose-coded quantum bus 3, using at least one of frequency selection, parametric sideband selection, or interference cancellation, so that the residual exchange or conditional phase generated in the unselected direction within the co-action window is lower than the preset gate error budget.

[0048] In one specific physical implementation of this embodiment, a row-Boson encoded quantum bus The row and column Bose-coded quantum buses Cj are each carried by a coplanar waveguide resonator extending in mutually orthogonal directions. The two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array 4 and the row Bose-coded quantum bus group are disposed on the first superconducting chip 2, and the column Bose-coded quantum bus group is disposed on the second superconducting chip 1. The first superconducting chip 2 and the second superconducting chip 1 are arranged face-to-face, so that the row Bose-coded quantum bus... With Bosonic-coded quantum bus The two superconducting chips form an intersecting relationship in the top-view projection direction. The upper and lower layers shown in the figure are only used to represent the relative arrangement of the first superconducting chip 2 and the second superconducting chip 1, and do not limit their absolute vertical positions in the actual device; the row direction and column direction are used to represent two intersecting wiring directions in the two-dimensional array, and are not limited to absolute horizontal or vertical directions.

[0049] In one specific encoding implementation of this embodiment, the Bosonic-coded quantum bus 3 can adopt two-component cat-state encoding, in which case the row Bosonic-coded quantum bus... Helebosonic coded quantum bus Each can be implemented using a corresponding cat-state resonator, and its Boson-coded storage mode is the cat-state storage mode. For the case of compressed cat-state encoding, the two compressed logic ground states obtained by applying the same compression transformation to the two logic ground states of the two-component cat-state encoding form the corresponding two-dimensional logic encoding subspace.

[0050] Preferably, it further includes a first superconducting chip 2 and a second superconducting chip 1 arranged face-to-face; a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array 4 and a row Bose-coded quantum bus group are disposed on the first superconducting chip 2, and a column Bose-coded quantum bus group is disposed on the second superconducting chip 1; the row Bose-coded quantum bus and the column Bose-coded quantum bus are respectively carried by coplanar waveguide resonators extending in mutually orthogonal directions, and each multi-level superconducting quantum bit is located at the intersection of the top-view projection direction of the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus.

[0051] Preferably, after the bus physical operator is projected onto the encoding subspace, the dominant diagonal action has non-zero, equal-modulus and inverse coefficients in the two logic ground states. The correction of deviation from the dominant diagonal action and the leakage outside the encoding subspace are suppressed or compensated by the stabilization or error correction unit and the quantum bit control unit. Each selected multilevel superconducting qubit has a swapped dual state consisting of a first swapped state and a second swapped state, and at least one level outside the computational subspace. The computational state participating in the controlled phase gate is directly used as the first swapped state, or mapped to the first swapped state outside the computational subspace through temporary storage control. The qubit control unit is used to enable each selected multilevel superconducting qubit to complete a conditional half-swap within the common action window, and to perform return control after the effective swap ends, and to perform release of temporary storage control and phase correction when temporary storage control is used, so that each selected multilevel superconducting qubit returns to the corresponding computational subspace, and the computational state not participating in the controlled phase gate remains unchanged or only generates a compensable phase.

[0052] Preferably, the quantum bit control unit uniformly sets or separately calibrates the effective coupling envelope and exchange axis phase of the control channel corresponding to each selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit, so that each selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit obtains the same target effective rotation angle and exchange axis within the common action window.

[0053] Preferably, the computational subspace of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit consists of the ground state g and the first excited state e, and adopts any of the following exchange paths: Using the e-state as the first exchange state and the second excited state f-state as the second exchange state, an exchanged dual state is constructed. After completing the conditional half-exchange, the f-state component is returned to the e-state via return control; or, The e-state component is temporarily stored in the f-state. The f-state is used as the first exchange state, and the third excited state h-state is used as the second exchange state to form an exchanged double state. After the conditional half-exchange is completed, the h-state component is returned to the f-state by returning control, and the temporary storage is released so that the f-state component returns to the e-state. The quantum bit control unit completes phase closure by setting or correcting the phase of at least one of the corresponding control pulses in conditional half-swapping, return control, and release control when temporary control is used.

[0054] Specifically, in one implementation of the first exchange path, the Bose-coded quantum bus 3 employs a two-component cat-state encoding. For any selected Bose-coded quantum bus b, the target quantum bit set is formed by combining the multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits currently participating in parallel controlled phase operations through the selected Bose-coded quantum bus b. The direction selection control unit only activates the target set of qubits. Effective coupling between each selected multi-level superconducting qubit and the selected Bose-coded quantum bus b in the corresponding direction is achieved, and effective interaction between multi-level superconducting qubits not participating in the current star-shaped operation block and the corresponding direction Bose-coded quantum bus is suppressed.

[0055] In this specific implementation, the computational subspace of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit consists of the ground state g and the first excited state e, with the e state as the first exchange state and the second excited state f as the second exchange state. The Bosonic encoding storage mode of the selected Bosonic encoded quantum bus b is respectively associated with the target qubit set. The ef-assisted transitions of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit establish an effective exchange interaction, and its effective exchange Hamiltonian is expressed as: ; in, and These represent the generation operator and annihilation operator corresponding to the Bosonic-coded storage mode of the selected Bosonic-coded quantum bus b, respectively. This refers to a specific implementation where a unified setting is used across all control channels, where the Bosonic encoding storage mode and the target set of qubits are... The common effective exchange strength among the selected multi-level superconducting qubits; The corresponding common exchange control phase is represented by j; j represents the target set of qubits. Any selected multi-level superconducting qubit in the array.

[0056] A common effective exchange strength is adopted in all control channels. and common exchange control phase In this case, multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits can synchronously establish ef parallel conditional exchanges with the Bose-encoded storage mode within the same common interaction window. For the cat-state amplitude parameter... The two-component cat-state encoding with a value greater than 0 is satisfied by setting the effective exchange pulse area within the co-operation window: ; in, The cat-state amplitude parameters are stored in the Boson-encoded storage mode. and These represent the start and end times of the interaction window, respectively. When the pulse area condition described above is satisfied, the Bose-coded storage mode and the target qubit set are... Each selected multi-level superconducting qubit in the system completes the target conditional half-exchange.

[0057] After the interaction window ends, the qubit control unit controls the target qubit set. Each selected multi-level superconducting qubit in the process performs return control and phase correction, causing the f-state component generated during the exchange to return to the e-state, and causing each selected multi-level superconducting qubit to return to the computational subspace composed of the g-state and the e-state. Thus, the Bosonic encoding storage mode of the selected Bosonic encoded quantum bus b and the target qubit set are... The parallel controlled phase-gate product formed between multiple selected multilevel superconducting qubits can be expressed as: ; in, This represents the logical encoded state of the selected Boson-coded quantum bus b and the target set of qubits. A controlled phase gate is formed between the j-th selected multi-level superconducting qubits; multiple controlled phase gates are formed in parallel within the same common action window to realize one-to-many parallel controlled phase operations on multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits under the same Boson-encoded storage mode.

[0058] It should be noted that the above formula corresponds to a specific implementation of the Bose-coded quantum bus using two-component cat-state encoding and uniform effective exchange parameters for each control channel. When the actual coupling parameters of different control channels differ, the effective coupling envelope and exchange axis phase of each control channel can be calibrated separately, so that each selected multi-level superconducting qubit obtains the same target effective rotation angle and exchange axis within the common interaction window, without requiring the original effective exchange strength of each control channel to be exactly the same. For compressed cat-state encoding, the effective exchange strength and the pulse area required for conditional half-exchange are recalibrated based on the projection results of the bus physical operator in the corresponding compressed cat-state encoding subspace.

[0059] For the second exchange path, the computational subspace of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit still consists of the ground state g and the first excited state e. First, the e-state component participating in the controlled phase operation is mapped to the second excited state f through temporary storage control. The f state is used as the first exchange state, and the third excited state h is used as the second exchange state. The Boson-encoded storage mode is then used to establish parallel conditional exchanges with the fh-assisted transitions of each of the selected multi-level superconducting qubits. After the conditional half-exchange is completed, the h-state component is returned to the f state through return control. Then, the f-state component is returned to the e state through release of temporary storage control. Phase closure is completed through phase setting or phase correction, so that each selected multi-level superconducting qubit returns to the computational subspace consisting of the g and e states.

[0060] Depend on , ; in, This represents the entire operation of a complete star-shaped block of operations; The label indicating the central qubit, The label indicating the selected Bose-coded quantum bus. Represents the first in the set of target qubits One target qubit, This represents the target set of qubits; This represents the logical Hadamard transform acting on the bus logic encoding subspace. , and These represent the controlled phase gates between the central qubit and the bus, the bus and the j-th target qubit, and the central qubit and the j-th target qubit, respectively; product symbol This indicates that the controlled phase gates corresponding to each target qubit in the star-shaped operation block are multiplied. This represents the joint input state of the central qubit and the target qubit set. This represents the superposition of the two logic ground states of the bus with equal amplitude and in phase. The equation shown illustrates that after completing this star-shaped operation block, a controlled phase gate product is formed between the central qubit and each target qubit, the bus returns to its original logic superposition state, and is de-entangled with the central qubit and the set of target qubits.

[0061] It is known that in the complete star-shaped operation, the selected Bosonic-encoded quantum bus first establishes entanglement with the central qubit. After a logical Hadamard transformation, it performs parallel controlled phase operations with multiple target qubits in the target qubit set. Subsequently, by applying another logical Hadamard transformation and a reverse controlled phase operation between the central qubit and the Bosonic-encoded quantum bus, the Bosonic-encoded storage mode is de-entangled with the central qubit and each target qubit. After the operation is completed, the Bosonic-encoded quantum bus returns to the logical initial state corresponding to the star-shaped operation, while the central qubit and the multiple target qubits retain an equivalent controlled phase gate product.

[0062] Specifically, when the Bose-coded quantum bus b is initially prepared in a logical superposition state At that time, after the gate operation sequence shown has been executed, the Bose-coded quantum bus b still returns. The central qubit a and each target qubit in the target qubit set Corresponding controlled phase gates are formed between them. Therefore, the Bose-coded quantum bus does not carry the verification information of the central or target qubit after the star operation is completed, and can continue to be used for subsequent star operation blocks.

[0063] When performing the complete star topology operation described above, the parallel controlled phase gate product between the Bose-coded quantum bus and multiple target qubits is not implemented sequentially by multiple independent serial two-qubit gates. Instead, it is formed by multiple target qubits multiplexing the same Bose-coded storage mode within the same common operating window to establish parallel conditional exchanges, which are then combined through return control and phase closure. Therefore, when the number of target qubits increases, the conditional exchanges corresponding to multiple target qubits can be at least partially executed in parallel, provided resources allow, thereby reducing the operational depth introduced by executing quantum gates serially for each target qubit.

[0064] It should be noted that the gate operation sequence given in the formula is a specific implementation. Under the condition of maintaining the same verification effect and ensuring that the Bose-encoded quantum bus can de-entangle after the operation and return the initial logical state required for subsequent calls, the local gates and logic basis transformations can be locally Clifford equivalently rewritten. When performing the locally Clifford equivalent rewriting, it is necessary to adjust the preparation of the initial logical state of the Bose-encoded quantum bus, the logic basis transformation, and the readout basis of the verification qubits accordingly to ensure that the same verification effect is obtained before and after the rewriting.

[0065] For example, for different types of CSS checks, the corresponding check qubit preparation basis and readout basis can be selected according to the type of check to be tested. By applying a local Hadamard transform to the central qubit or target qubit, different forms of controlled operations can be converted into locally Clifford equivalent operations that maintain the same check function. However, the equivalent rewriting still needs to satisfy the following: after the complete gate operation sequence is completed, the Bose-coded quantum bus is de-entangled with the central qubit and target qubit sets and restored to the logical state that can be called by the next star-shaped operation.

[0066] Therefore, one cannot simply use the formula A single conditional half-commutation or any controlled unitary operation is considered as a complete star-shaped controlled gate operation. Among them, The effective commutative Hamiltonian at time t is denoted by t. denoted by β, which represents the reduced Planck constant; β represents the dominant diagonal action coefficient of the bus physical operator defined above in the logical encoding subspace; and G(t) represents the time-varying effective exchange coupling strength between the selected bus and the target qubit assisted transition. Represents the logical Z operator within the bus logic encoding subspace; This represents the set of target qubits participating in this parallel conditional exchange via the selected bus b, and j is used to label the target qubits within it. and Let u and v represent the first and second exchanged states of the j-th target qubit participating in the assisted transition, respectively. In the first exchange path, u and v correspond to the e-state and f-state, respectively, and in the second exchange path, u and v correspond to the f-state and h-state, respectively. The two terms in parentheses represent the transitions in two directions between these two exchanged states, and the summation symbol indicates the summation of the exchange terms corresponding to each target qubit participating in this operation. Conditional exchange, return control, phase correction, logic basis transformation, and bus de-entanglement together constitute the complete gate operation process. Each control link should be calibrated according to the actual device parameters to ensure that the predetermined controlled phase gate product and the corresponding syndrome extraction are ultimately formed.

[0067] Preferably, it also includes a bus fabrication and logic basis conversion interface, a superconducting quantum bit fabrication and readout unit, and a syndrome controller; The syndrome controller is used to receive the physical node mapping and pre-generated star operation layer of CSS type quantum low-density parity-check code, determine the center qubit, target qubit set, Bose-coded quantum bus and direction of action of each star operation block, and bind the star operation block to the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus or column Bose-coded quantum bus, wherein the center qubit is a check qubit or a data qubit; The syndrome controller controls the central qubit and the target qubit set to perform a star operation via the corresponding Bose-coded quantum bus. After completing the star operation, it releases the entanglement between the Bose-coded quantum bus and the central and target qubit sets, and outputs syndrome information based on the measurement results of the verification qubit.

[0068] Preferably, the comprehensive controller determines non-conflicting star operation blocks based on the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources occupied by each star operation block; the same Bosonic-coded quantum bus serves a star center within the same action window, performing parallel conditional swaps on multiple target qubits in the star operation block; for non-conflicting star operation blocks bound to different Bosonic-coded quantum buses, the comprehensive controller controls the action windows to overlap at least partially, and maintains mutual exclusion between the row direction effective action and the column direction effective action corresponding to each participating qubit.

[0069] Preferably, the non-conflicting star operation blocks with at least partial overlap of operating windows include at least one star operation block bound to a row Bosonic-coded quantum bus and at least one star operation block bound to a column Bosonic-coded quantum bus, and the star operation blocks do not share qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum buses, pump, readout and control frequency resources.

[0070] Preferably, the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code is a hypergraph product code constructed from two classical binary parity-check matrices; the variable node set and the parity node set of the two classical binary parity-check matrices are respectively denoted as... , and , The first data area, the second data area, the X check area, and the Z check area are respectively set in , , and The corresponding two-dimensional regions; the verification association between the X verification region and the first data region and the verification association between the Z verification region and the second data region are bound to the column Bose-coded quantum bus, and the verification association between the X verification region and the second data region and the verification association between the Z verification region and the first data region are bound to the row Bose-coded quantum bus; The number of variable nodes and the number of check nodes in the two classic binary parity-check matrices are respectively , , and The first data area, the second data area, the X check area, and the Z check area are all filled by... Individual row position and The rectangle formed by the positions of the columns has a total of _____. The row-based and column-based Bose-coded quantum buses are configured according to row and column positions, respectively, and the total number of Bose-coded quantum buses is [number missing]. ;in, , , and They are respectively , , and The number of nodes.

[0071] Preferably, it also includes a measurement interface and a reset interface connected to the Bose-coded storage mode, wherein the measurement interface and the reset interface are implemented by independent ports or multiplexed ports, respectively; The syndrome controller is used to call the measurement interface to measure the Bose-coded storage mode after at least one star operation block completes the star operation and de-entangles the Bose-coded quantum bus with the corresponding qubit. If the measured Bose-coded storage mode does not meet the logic initial state required for subsequent calls, the controller calls the reset interface. The measurement result or the flag record generated therefrom is associated with at least one of the following: bus identifier, round identifier, star operation block identifier, or time information, and is output in association with syndrome information.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the physical qubits corresponding to the hypergraph product code constructed from the first classical binary check matrix and the second classical binary check matrix are mapped to the two-dimensional multilevel superconducting qubit array 4 according to two node dimensions. Let the variable node set and the check node set of the first classical binary check matrix be respectively... and The variable node set and check node set of the second classic binary parity-check matrix are respectively and .

[0073] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), the two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array 4 is divided into the first data region. Second data area X and Z parity areas, where the first data area Corresponding to V1×V2, the second data area correspond X check area corresponds Z-check zone corresponds Therefore, the data qubits and check qubits in the hypergraph product code are mapped to four physical regions in the two-dimensional array, respectively, so that the two-dimensional node index relationship of the hypergraph product code is established with the physical position of the two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubit array 4.

[0074] Furthermore, the four types of parity check associations in the hypergraph product code are respectively bound to the row-based or column-based Bose-coded quantum bus. Specifically, the first classical binary parity check matrix and the corresponding identity matrix form... Association, i.e., the X check area and the first data area The verification association between them is bound to the column-Boson coded quantum bus; corresponding to X-check area and second data area The verification association between them is bound to the row-based Boson-coded quantum bus; corresponding to Z-parity area and first data area The verification association between them is bound to the row-based Boson-coded quantum bus; corresponding to Z-parity area and second data area The verification correlations between them are bound to the column-based Bose-coded quantum bus. The four types of verification correlations in the hypergraph product code verification graph are converted into row-direction or column-direction interactions in a two-dimensional physical array. Among them, and These represent the first classical binary checksum matrix and the second classical binary checksum matrix, respectively, with matrix sizes of [missing information]. and ; , These represent the number of variable nodes in the two classical codes, respectively. , These represent the corresponding number of verification nodes. , , and These represent identity matrices of corresponding orders; the symbol ⊗ represents the Kronecker product, and the superscript T indicates matrix transpose. An element of 1 in the matrix block indicates a check correlation between the corresponding check node and the data qubit, while an element of 0 indicates the absence of such a correlation.

[0075] like Figure 4As shown in (b), multi-level superconducting qubits are positioned at the intersection of the top-view projections of the corresponding row and column Bose-coded quantum buses. Each multi-level superconducting qubit forms two selectable coupling relationships with its corresponding row and column Bose-coded quantum buses, respectively. The direction selection control unit selects the corresponding coupling relationship based on the action direction corresponding to the current verification correlation: when executing a row direction verification correlation, the corresponding effective row direction coupling is activated and the effective column direction interaction is suppressed; when executing a column direction verification correlation, the corresponding effective column direction coupling is activated and the effective row direction interaction is suppressed. For multi-level superconducting qubits not participating in the current star-shaped operation block, their effective interaction with the corresponding row and column Bose-coded quantum buses is suppressed. Thus, the same intersection position can select the corresponding physical interaction direction according to the current star-shaped operation block, while avoiding the simultaneous activation of the row and column effective actions of the same multi-level superconducting qubit within the same common action window.

[0076] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown in (c), taking a Z-type check with a weight of 7 as an example, the 7 check associations corresponding to the Z-type check are covered by a row-direction star operation block and three column-direction star operation blocks respectively. Figure 4 The first action window in (c) uses the Z-checked multilevel superconducting qubit as the central qubit and the first data region associated with its existence row direction check. The four data multilevel superconducting qubits in the system are used as target qubits, and star operations are performed through the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus.

[0077] Figure 4 The second to fourth active windows in (c) are respectively located in the second data area. Data multilevel superconducting qubits , and As the central qubit, multiple Z-checked multilevel superconducting qubits, each having column direction check correlations with the central qubit, are used as target qubits, and column direction star operations are performed through the corresponding column Bose-coded quantum bus. The tracked Z-checked multilevel superconducting qubits serve as one of the target qubits in the three column direction star operation blocks mentioned above. Thus, for the same Z-check with a weight of 7, its four row direction correlations are covered in one row direction star operation block, while the other three column direction correlations are covered in three separate column direction star operation blocks.

[0078] Therefore, in this embodiment, the central qubit of the star-shaped operation block is not limited to a check qubit, but can also be a data qubit, and its specific role is determined according to the pre-generated star-shaped operation layer. Figure 4 In (c), the row-direction action window and the three column-direction action windows represent four star-shaped operation blocks obtained by scheduling for the verification correlation, rather than splitting the internal quantum interaction process of the same star-shaped operation into four independent native entanglement intervals; each star-shaped operation block performs the corresponding complete entanglement, parallel condition exchange, return control and entanglement unwinding process.

[0079] For multiple target qubits within the same star-shaped operand block, the qubit control unit enables them to establish parallel conditional exchanges with the Bosonic-coded storage modes of the same Bosonic-coded quantum bus within a shared interaction window through assisted transitions, thereby forming a controlled phase-gate product between the Bosonic-coded storage mode and the multiple target qubits. For star-shaped operand blocks bound to different Bosonic-coded quantum buses, the integrated controller determines whether there are resource conflicts based on the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum buses, pump, readout, and control frequency resources occupied by each star-shaped operand block. For non-conflicting star-shaped operand blocks, their shared interaction windows can at least partially overlap to achieve parallel execution between different Bosonic-coded quantum buses.

[0080] During the parallel execution process described above, for any participating qubit, its row-direction and column-direction effective actions remain mutually exclusive, preventing the simultaneous activation of both directions of the same qubit due to the parallel execution of different star-shaped operation blocks. Through the aforementioned two-dimensional region mapping, row-column direction binding, star-shaped operation block partitioning, and conflict-free parallel execution, the non-local check correlations in the hypergraph product code can correspond to the physical interaction structure of the two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded quantum bus. This reduces the need for quantum state routing or configuring independent long-distance communication resources for each check correlation edge and lowers the additional execution depth caused by per-target serial quantum gate operations.

[0081] Specifically, the syndrome controller receives the physical node mapping corresponding to the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code, the type of parity check to be tested, and a pre-generated star-shaped operation layer. The pre-generated star-shaped operation layer includes multiple star-shaped operation blocks, each specifying the corresponding central multi-level superconducting qubit, the target multi-level superconducting qubit set, the Bose-coded quantum bus used, and the direction of action. The pre-generated star-shaped operation layer can be pre-generated by the scheduling module, compilation module, or other operation layer generation module located before the syndrome controller, based on the parity correlation of the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code. The syndrome controller performs bus binding, direction of action determination, resource conflict judgment, and quantum interaction control based on the received physical node mapping and the pre-generated star-shaped operation layer.

[0082] For any star-shaped operation block to be executed, the syndrome controller binds it to the corresponding row or column Bose-coded quantum bus according to the direction of action specified by the star-shaped operation block, and activates the effective coupling between the multi-level superconducting qubits participating in the star-shaped operation block and the Bose-coded quantum bus corresponding to the selected direction through the direction selection control unit, while suppressing the effective interaction in the other direction; for multi-level superconducting qubits not participating in the current star-shaped operation block, the effective interaction between them and the corresponding row and column Bose-coded quantum buses is suppressed.

[0083] Subsequently, the corresponding Bose-encoded storage mode is prepared into a logical initial state adapted to the current star-shaped operation, enabling the central multilevel superconducting qubit and the Bose-encoded storage mode to perform entanglement operations, and applying a corresponding logical basis transformation to the Bose-encoded storage mode. Multiple target multilevel superconducting qubits establish parallel conditional exchanges with the same Bose-encoded storage mode through assisted transitions within the common interaction window, and form corresponding controlled phase gate products through return control and phase closure after the common interaction window ends. Subsequently, the corresponding logical basis transformation and reverse decontrol are performed on the Bose-encoded storage mode, enabling the Bose-encoded storage mode to de-entangle with the central multilevel superconducting qubit and the target multilevel superconducting qubit set, and maintain or restore it to the logical initial state required for subsequent calls.

[0084] In one optional diagnostic measurement implementation, the Boson-encoded storage pattern can be measured under a predetermined bus readout basis after de-entanglement. A reset is performed if the measured Boson-encoded storage pattern does not meet the initial logic requirements for subsequent calls; otherwise, no reset is required. The measurement results or flag records generated based on the measurement results can be associated with and output with the corresponding bus identifier, round identifier, star block identifier, or time information.

[0085] Within the same horizontal or vertical star-shaped operation layer, the comprehensive controller determines whether there are resource conflicts between different star-shaped operation blocks based on the multi-level superconducting qubits, stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus, pump resources, and readout resources occupied by each star-shaped operation block. When multiple star-shaped operation blocks to be executed do not share the multi-level superconducting qubits involved in quantum interaction, and do not compete for the same stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus, pump resources, or readout resources, the corresponding multiple star-shaped operation blocks to be executed are determined as non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks, and each star-shaped operation block is controlled to execute in parallel within the same common action window through its own bound stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus. Thus, the same star-shaped operation layer does not need to execute star-shaped operation blocks sequentially, but can execute multiple star-shaped operation blocks simultaneously while satisfying resource constraints.

[0086] For the same stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus, at most one central multilevel superconducting qubit is allocated within the same star-shaped operating layer. The central multilevel superconducting qubit can establish one-to-many quantum interactions with multiple target multilevel superconducting qubits through this stable Bose-encoded cat-state quantum bus. Different star-shaped operating blocks avoid sharing multilevel superconducting qubits participating in the same common action window to prevent the same qubit from participating in two different verification operations at the same time.

[0087] Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical star-shaped operation layers are not limited to strictly time-division execution in either the horizontal-then-vertical or vertical-then-horizontal order. When the star-shaped operation blocks to be executed in the row direction and the star-shaped operation blocks to be executed in the column direction do not share the multi-level superconducting qubits, Bose-coded quantum bus, pump resources, readout resources, and control frequency resources involved in quantum interaction, and when each multi-level superconducting qubit still satisfies the mutual exclusion condition between effective row-direction and effective column-direction actions, the syndrome controller can make the action windows of the star-shaped operation blocks to be executed in the row direction and the star-shaped operation blocks to be executed in the column direction at least partially overlap, thereby improving the parallel execution capability of the syndrome extraction process without violating the directional mutual exclusion relationship.

[0088] After a complete star operation layer is executed, the syndrome controller confirms that the Bosonic encoded storage mode participating in the star operation layer has been unentangled with the corresponding qubit, and maintains or restores the Bosonic encoded storage mode to the logical initial state required for subsequent calls; when the resource and scheduling conditions corresponding to the subsequent star operation layer are met, the next star operation layer is executed.

[0089] In one optional diagnostic measurement implementation, after the Bosonic-encoded storage pattern is unentangled, it can be measured under a predetermined bus readout basis. If the measured Bosonic-encoded storage pattern meets the initial logic state required for subsequent calls, no reset is required, and it can continue to be used for subsequent star operations. If the measured Bosonic-encoded storage pattern does not meet the initial logic state required for subsequent calls, a reset interface is called to perform a reset, restoring the Bosonic-encoded storage pattern to the initial logic state required for subsequent calls. Diagnostic measurement and conditional reset are optional diagnostic branches after unentanglement and are not necessary conditions for entering the next star operation layer.

[0090] Furthermore, the measurement results or hard flags, soft confidence levels, erase markers, retest trigger information, or calibration diagnostic quantities generated based on the measurement results can be associated with at least one of the following: bus identifier, round identifier, star operation block identifier, or time information to form a flag record. The flag record can then be associated with the corresponding syndrome information and output for subsequent processing by an external decoder or recovery controller.

[0091] It should be noted that the hard flags, soft confidence levels, erase markers, retest trigger information, or calibration diagnostic quantities generated based on bus measurement results are auxiliary diagnostic information. These are generated and recorded separately from the verification syndrome obtained from superconducting verification qubit measurements. The two are output after being correlated through corresponding bus identifiers, round identifiers, star operation block identifiers, and / or time information. Under the effective loss description model of the three-segment coherent intermediate circuit used in this embodiment, the auxiliary diagnostic information is used to characterize the possibility of anomalies during bus transmission or measurement, and does not form a definite one-to-one correspondence with qubit errors. Qubit errors may still exist even when corresponding auxiliary diagnostic information is not generated, and the generation of corresponding auxiliary diagnostic information does not necessarily indicate that the corresponding qubit has an error. Furthermore, the auxiliary diagnostic information itself is not used to directly identify qubit leakage errors. The above optional diagnostic measurements are different from the bus measurements necessary to achieve cross-row / column verification correlation within the measurement-assisted remote gate. For implementations using measurement-assisted remote gates, the bus measurements and Pauli frame corrections required during gate operation are executed according to the corresponding remote gate operation procedure, unaffected by whether the above diagnostic measurements are enabled.

[0092] In this embodiment, in the implementation of a syndrome extraction method for a CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code, the syndrome controller receives the physical node mapping corresponding to the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code, the type of parity check to be tested, and a pre-generated star-shaped operation layer. The pre-generated star-shaped operation layer includes multiple star-shaped operation blocks, each specifying its corresponding center qubit, target qubit set, the Bose-coded quantum bus used, and the direction of action. The center qubit is either a parity qubit or a data qubit. The pre-generated star-shaped operation layer can be pre-generated by a compilation module, a scheduling module, or an operation layer generation module based on the parity association relationship of the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code. The syndrome controller completes the bus binding, direction determination, resource conflict judgment, and execution control of the star-shaped operation blocks based on the received physical node mapping and the pre-generated star-shaped operation layer.

[0093] For any star-shaped operation block to be executed, the syndrome controller binds it to the corresponding row or column Bose-coded quantum bus according to the direction of action specified by the star-shaped operation block, and activates the effective coupling between the multi-level superconducting qubits participating in the star-shaped operation block and the Bose-coded quantum bus corresponding to the selected direction through the direction selection control unit, while suppressing the effective interaction in the other direction; for multi-level superconducting qubits not participating in the current star-shaped operation block, the effective interaction between them and the corresponding row and column Bose-coded quantum buses is suppressed.

[0094] When executing a star-shaped operation block, the Bosonic-coded storage mode of the corresponding Bosonic-coded quantum bus is prepared into a logical initial state adapted to the current star-shaped operation through the bus preparation and logic basis transformation interface. The corresponding check qubit is then prepared according to the type of check to be tested. Subsequently, the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode are entangled. In conjunction with the logic basis transformation of the Bosonic-coded storage mode, multiple target qubits establish parallel conditional exchanges with the same Bosonic-coded storage mode within a common interaction window through auxiliary transitions, forming a controlled phase gate product between the Bosonic-coded storage mode and multiple target qubits. After completing the parallel controlled phase operation, the corresponding reverse decontrol and logic basis transformation are performed to de-entangle the Bosonic-coded storage mode with the central qubit and the set of target qubits. The de-entangled Bosonic-coded storage mode is maintained or restored to the logical initial state required for subsequent calls. After completing the corresponding check operation, a basis transformation corresponding to the type of check to be tested is applied to the check qubit, and readout is performed. Syndrome information is obtained based on the measurement results of the check qubit.

[0095] The syndrome controller determines whether there are resource conflicts between different star-shaped operation blocks based on the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources occupied by each star-shaped operation block. When multiple star-shaped operation blocks do not share the qubits participating in the current quantum interaction and do not compete for the same Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources, the corresponding star-shaped operation blocks are determined to be non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks.

[0096] For the same Bose-coded quantum bus, at most one central qubit of a star-shaped operation block corresponds to the same operational window, and parallel conditional exchange is performed between the Bose-coded storage mode of the Bose-coded quantum bus and multiple target qubits in that star-shaped operation block. For non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks bound to different Bose-coded quantum buses, the comprehensive controller controls their operational windows to overlap at least partially, enabling multiple star-shaped operation blocks to execute in parallel while satisfying resource constraints, without having to execute each star-shaped operation block sequentially.

[0097] Star-shaped operands with at least partially overlapping action windows can be star-shaped operands bound to different row-type Bose-coded quantum buses, star-shaped operands bound to different column-type Bose-coded quantum buses, or star-shaped operands bound to both row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses. For cases where row-type and column-type star-shaped operands at least partially overlap, the effective row-type action and effective column-type action corresponding to any participating multi-level superconducting qubit remain mutually exclusive, ensuring that the same multi-level superconducting qubit does not simultaneously participate in effective quantum interactions in both row and column directions within the same common action window.

[0098] Therefore, the pre-generated star operation layer is not limited to executing all row-direction star operation blocks first, or vice versa; when row-direction and column-direction star operation blocks meet the aforementioned resource conflict-free conditions, their operation windows can at least partially overlap. Through one-to-many parallel conditional exchange within the same Bose-coded quantum bus and conflict-free parallel execution between different Bose-coded quantum buses, the increased execution depth caused by sequential execution of star operation blocks and sequential interaction of target qubits within the same star operation block can be reduced, thereby improving the parallel execution capability of the syndrome extraction process.

[0099] Second Embodiment Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a method for extracting the syndrome of a two-dimensional matrix-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor, which includes the following steps: Step S1: Receive the physical node mapping, test parity type and pre-generated star operation layer of CSS type quantum low-density parity-check code, determine the central qubit, target qubit set and the Boson-coded quantum bus and direction of action of each star operation block, and arrange the execution order according to qubit, Boson-coded quantum bus, pump, control and readout resources. Step S2: Prepare superconducting verification qubits according to the type of verification to be tested; prepare the selected Bose-coded quantum bus into a logical initial state that is compatible with the corresponding star operation circuit; maintain the two-dimensional logical encoding subspace of the Bose-coded storage mode through stabilization or error correction; activate the effective coupling between the selected multi-level superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the selected direction within the interaction window; and suppress the effective interaction between multi-level superconducting qubits in the unselected direction and those not participating in the star operation. Step S3 involves performing entanglement operations between the central qubit and the Bose-encoded quantum bus, parallel controlled phase operations between the Bose-encoded quantum bus and multiple target qubits, and reverse decontrol on each star-shaped operation block. This is combined with bus logic basis transformation and qubit local basis transformation to de-entangle the Bose-encoded quantum bus and form controlled phase gate products or local Clifford equivalent operations that maintain the same verification effect between the central qubit and each target qubit. The parallel controlled phase operations establish parallel conditional exchanges with the same Bose-encoded storage mode within the common action window through auxiliary transitions of multiple target qubits, and are then realized by returning to the computation subspace and phase closure. Step S4: Keep or restore the unentangled Bose-coded quantum bus to the logical initial state required for the next call, and continue to execute the remaining star operation blocks; Step S5: After completing the corresponding verification operation, apply the required basis transformation to the superconducting verification qubit according to the verification type to be tested and measure it. Output the syndrome information based on the measurement results.

[0100] Preferably, in step S2, the Bosonic-coded storage mode of the selected Bosonic-coded quantum bus is prepared as a superposition of two logic ground states with equal amplitude and in-phase; in step S3, the controlled phase gate between the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the logical Hadamard transform of the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the controlled phase gate product between the Bosonic-coded storage mode and multiple target qubits are sequentially executed on each star-shaped operation block, the logical Hadamard transform is applied again, and the controlled phase gate between the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode is applied again, so that the Bosonic-coded storage mode is unentangled with the central qubit and multiple target qubits; in step S4, the unentangled Bosonic-coded storage mode is returned to the superposition of equal amplitude and in-phase; or, the above gate operation sequence is rewritten locally with the same verification effect, and the logic initial state preparation, logic basis transformation and readout basis are adjusted accordingly.

[0101] Preferably, non-conflicting star operation blocks are selected according to the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources occupied by each star operation block, and the non-conflicting star operation blocks are determined to be executed in parallel; in step S3, the common action windows of non-conflicting star operation blocks bound to different Bosonic-coded quantum buses are at least partially overlapped, and the effective row direction action and column direction action of each participating qubit within the common action window are mutually exclusive.

[0102] Preferably, for CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check codes that do not have a four-region direct mapping structure of supergraph product codes, in step S1, the physical node mapping and pre-generation operation layer further specifies relay qubits and auxiliary interaction operation layers for realizing cross-row and column parity-check association; the relay qubits are existing qubits or additional auxiliary qubits in the two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubit array 4 that can participate in relaying; according to the physical node mapping and auxiliary interaction operation layer, the row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus are called to perform auxiliary interaction in layers; when using measurement-assisted remote gates to realize cross-row and column parity-check association, the bus measurement and Pauli frame correction required by the measurement-assisted remote gates are performed.

[0103] In one specific implementation, the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code is a bivariate bicycle code (BB code). The binary parity-check matrix of the BB code is represented as: ; in, and It is a square matrix of the same order consisting of two commutative cyclic shift matrices of the same order, satisfying AB=BA; T denotes matrix transpose, and the operations are performed in the binary field. The syndrome controller receives the physical node mapping and pre-generated operation layer generated based on the above verification correlation, and determines the physical locations of the data qubits, verification qubits, and required relay qubits.

[0104] For verification associations sharing the same row or column of a Bosonic-encoded quantum bus, the corresponding bus is invoked to execute controlled operations; multi-objective associations satisfying star grouping and resource constraints are merged into star operation blocks. For two nodes to interact that do not share the same bus, the qubit at the intersection of the row and column buses is selected as a relay. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the first node Bose-coded quantum bus Relay qubits M and column Bosonic encoded quantum bus With the second node The connection enables remote controlled operation. Each node employs the aforementioned multi-level superconducting qubits, and the required controlled NOT gates are implemented using controlled phase gates in conjunction with local basis transformations; during execution, the effective interaction of the row and column directions of each participating qubit is maintained and mutually exclusive.

[0105] In one implementation employing a measurement-assisted remote controlled NOT gate, logical X-basis measurements are performed on the row and column Bose-coded quantum buses participating in the gate, and corresponding Pauli frame corrections are executed based on the measurement results. The relay qubit can be an existing qubit in the array or an additional auxiliary qubit configured according to a mapping. When using an existing qubit as a relay, the complete remote gate circuit retains its input state before participating in the relay; it is not required to pre-prepare or reset it to a specific auxiliary state. The aforementioned bus measurement and Pauli frame correction are integral steps of this remote gate, unlike the optional diagnostic measurements after star-shaped unentanglement.

[0106] The syndrome controller executes operations hierarchically according to the qubits, bus, pump, control, and readout resources occupied by each operation, and arranges non-conflicting operations to be executed in parallel. After completing the corresponding verification operation, a basis transformation corresponding to the type of verification to be tested is applied to the superconducting verification qubit and measured, and the syndrome information of the BB code is output. The specific node placement, relay resources, and number of execution layers are determined by the received physical mapping and operation layer, and the four-region direct mapping structure of the supergraph product code is not required.

[0107] Preferably, in step S4, after at least one star-shaped operation block untangles the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the Bosonic-coded storage mode is measured under the predetermined bus readout basis, and a reset is performed when the measured Bosonic-coded storage mode does not meet the logic initial state required for subsequent calls; the measurement result or the hard flag, soft confidence, erase flag, retest trigger information or calibration diagnostic quantity generated based on the measurement result is associated with at least one of the bus identifier, round identifier, star-shaped operation block identifier or time information to form a flag record; in step S5, the flag record is associated with the syndrome information and output to the external decoder or recovery controller.

[0108] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention by utilizing the methods and techniques disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor, characterized in that, include: Two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array, and row Bose-coded quantum bus groups and column Bose-coded quantum bus groups extending along two intersecting directions; Each multi-level superconducting quantum bit forms two selectable coupling relationships with the corresponding row-type and column-type Bose-coded quantum buses; each Bose-coded quantum bus has a Bose-coded storage mode that forms a two-dimensional logical coding subspace and a unit for maintaining the stability or error correction of the coding subspace; The direction selection control unit is used to activate the effective coupling between the selected multilevel superconducting quantum bit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the selected direction within the interaction window, and to suppress the effective interaction between the selected multilevel superconducting quantum bit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in another direction; for unselected multilevel superconducting quantum bits, it suppresses the effective interaction with the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus and column Bose-coded quantum bus. A qubit control unit is used to select auxiliary transitions for each of the selected multi-level superconducting qubits, enabling multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits to establish parallel conditional exchanges with the Bose-coded storage modes of the Bose-coded quantum bus in the same selected direction within the common action window through the auxiliary transitions. Furthermore, by returning the selected multi-level superconducting qubits to their respective computational subspaces and performing phase closure, a controlled phase gate product is formed between the Bose-coded storage modes and the multiple selected multi-level superconducting qubits. The projection of the bus physical operator coupled to the auxiliary transitions into the coding subspace has different diagonal effects on the two logical ground states of the coding subspace.

2. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encoding subspace is a two-component cat-state encoding subspace, or a compressed cat-state encoding subspace obtained by applying the same compression transformation to the two logical ground states of the two-component cat-state encoding subspace. The stabilization or error correction unit maintains the encoding subspace through two-photon dissipation, two-photon drive, Kerr nonlinearity, or stabilization adapted to the adopted encoding. The quantum bit control unit calibrates the parallel conditional exchange and return control according to the physical coupling projection of the bus physical operator in the corresponding encoding subspace.

3. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling relationship between the two selectable operations is achieved by at least one of independent adjustable couplers, shared coupling networks, frequency tuning, parametric sidebands, or interference shutdown; the effective interaction of the unselected direction is suppressed by at least one of shutdown, full detuning, frequency selection, parametric sideband selection, or interference cancellation, so that the residual exchange or conditional phase generated by the unselected direction within the interaction window is lower than a preset gate error budget.

4. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first superconducting chip and a second superconducting chip arranged face-to-face; the two-dimensional multi-level superconducting quantum bit array and the row Bose-coded quantum bus group are disposed on the first superconducting chip, and the column Bose-coded quantum bus group is disposed on the second superconducting chip; the row Bose-coded quantum bus and the column Bose-coded quantum bus are respectively carried by coplanar waveguide resonators extending in mutually orthogonal directions, and each of the multi-level superconducting quantum bits is located at the intersection of the top-view projection direction of the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus and the column Bose-coded quantum bus.

5. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 2, characterized in that, After the bus physical operator is projected onto the encoding subspace, the dominant diagonal action has non-zero, equal-modulus and inverse coefficients on the two logic ground states. The correction of deviation from the dominant diagonal action and the leakage of the encoding subspace are suppressed or compensated by the stabilization or error correction unit and the quantum bit control unit. Each of the selected multi-level superconducting qubits has a swapped dual state consisting of a first swapped state and a second swapped state and containing at least one energy level outside the computational subspace; The computational state participating in the controlled phase gate is directly used as the first exchange state, or mapped to the first exchange state outside the computational subspace via temporary storage control; the qubit control unit is used to enable each of the selected multi-level superconducting qubits to complete a conditional half-exchange within the co-operation window, and to execute the return control after the effective exchange ends, and to execute the release of temporary storage control and phase correction when the temporary storage control is used, so that each of the selected multi-level superconducting qubits returns to the corresponding computational subspace, and the computational state not participating in the controlled phase gate remains unchanged or only generates a compensable phase.

6. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The quantum bit control unit uniformly sets or separately calibrates the effective coupling envelope and exchange axis phase of the control channel corresponding to each selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit, so that each selected multi-level superconducting quantum bit obtains the same target effective rotation angle and exchange axis within the common action window.

7. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The computational subspace of each selected multi-level superconducting qubit consists of the ground state g and the first excited state e, and employs any of the following exchange paths: The exchanged dual state is constructed by using the e-state as the first exchanged state and the second excited state f-state as the second exchanged state. After completing the conditional half-exchange, the f-state component is returned to the e-state via the return control; or... The e-state component is temporarily stored in the f-state, the f-state is used as the first exchange state, and the third excitation state h-state is used as the second exchange state to form the exchanged dual state. After the conditional half-exchange is completed, the h-state component is returned to the f-state through the return control, and the temporary storage is released so that the f-state component returns to the e-state. The quantum bit control unit completes the phase closure by setting or correcting the phase of at least one corresponding control pulse among the conditional half-swap, the return control, and the release control when the temporary control is used.

8. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes bus fabrication and logic basis conversion interface, superconducting quantum bit fabrication and readout unit, and syndrome controller; The syndrome controller is used to receive the physical node mapping of CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check codes and pre-generated star operation layers, determine the center qubit, target qubit set, Bose-coded quantum bus and direction of action corresponding to each star operation block, and bind the star operation block to the corresponding row Bose-coded quantum bus or column Bose-coded quantum bus, wherein the center qubit is a check qubit or a data qubit; The syndrome controller controls the central qubit and the target qubit set to perform a star operation via the corresponding Bose-coded quantum bus, and after completing the star operation, it releases the entanglement between the Bose-coded quantum bus and the central qubit and the target qubit set, and outputs syndrome information based on the measurement results of the verification qubit.

9. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The syndrome controller determines non-conflicting star operation blocks based on the qubits occupied by each star operation block, the Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout, and control frequency resources; the same Bosonic-coded quantum bus serves one star center within the same operating window, and performs the parallel conditional exchange on multiple target qubits in the star operation block; For the non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks bound to different Bose-coded quantum buses, the syndrome controller controls the action windows to at least partially overlap, and maintains that the row-direction effective action and column-direction effective action corresponding to each quantum bit are mutually exclusive.

10. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The non-conflicting star operation blocks whose operating windows at least partially overlap include at least one star operation block bound to the row Bosonic-coded quantum bus and at least one star operation block bound to the column Bosonic-coded quantum bus. The star operation blocks do not share the qubits, the Bosonic-coded quantum bus, the pump, the readout, and the control frequency resources.

11. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code is a hypergraph product code constructed from two classical binary parity-check matrices; the variable node set and the parity node set of the two classical binary parity-check matrices are respectively denoted as... , and , The first data area, the second data area, the X check area, and the Z check area are respectively set in , , and The corresponding two-dimensional region; the verification association between the X verification region and the first data region and the verification association between the Z verification region and the second data region are bound to the column Bose-coded quantum bus, and the verification association between the X verification region and the second data region and the verification association between the Z verification region and the first data region are bound to the row Bose-coded quantum bus; The number of variable nodes and the number of check nodes in the two classic binary parity-check matrices are respectively , , and The first data area, the second data area, the X check area, and the Z check area are collectively filled with... Individual row position and The rectangle formed by the column positions has a total of [number] multi-level superconducting qubits. The row-level and column-level Bosonic-coded quantum buses are arranged according to row and column positions, respectively, and the total number of Bosonic-coded quantum buses is [number missing]. ;in, , , and They are respectively , , and The number of nodes.

12. The two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a measurement interface and a reset interface connected to the Bose-coded storage mode, wherein the measurement interface and the reset interface are implemented by independent ports or multiplexed ports, respectively. The syndrome controller is used to call the measurement interface to measure the Bosonic-encoded storage mode after at least one of the star-shaped operation blocks completes the star operation and de-entangles the Bosonic-encoded quantum bus with the corresponding qubit, and to call the reset interface when the measured Bosonic-encoded storage mode does not meet the logical initial state required for subsequent calls; to associate the measurement result or the flag generated therefrom with at least one of the bus identifier, round identifier, star-shaped operation block identifier or time information, and to output it in association with the syndrome information.

13. A method for extracting syndromes from a two-dimensional row-column Bose-coded superconducting quantum processor, characterized in that, Perform the following steps: Step S1: Receive the physical node mapping, test parity type and pre-generated star operation layer of CSS type quantum low-density parity-check code, determine the central qubit, target qubit set and the Boson-coded quantum bus and direction of action of each star operation block, and arrange the execution order according to qubit, Boson-coded quantum bus, pump, control and readout resources. Step S2: Prepare superconducting verification qubits according to the type of verification to be tested; prepare the selected Bose-coded quantum bus into a logical initial state adapted to the corresponding star operation circuit; maintain the two-dimensional logical encoding subspace of the Bose-coded storage mode through stabilization or error correction; activate the effective coupling between the selected multi-level superconducting qubit and the Bose-coded quantum bus in the selected direction within the interaction window; and suppress the effective interaction between multi-level superconducting qubits in the unselected direction and those not participating in the star operation. Step S3 involves performing entanglement operations between the central qubit and the Bosonic-encoded quantum bus, parallel controlled phase operations between the Bosonic-encoded quantum bus and multiple target qubits, and reverse decontrol on each of the star-shaped operation blocks. This is combined with bus logic basis transformation and qubit local basis transformation to de-entangle the Bosonic-encoded quantum bus and form controlled phase gate products or locally Clifford equivalent operations that maintain the same verification function between the central qubit and each of the target qubits. The parallel controlled phase operations establish parallel conditional exchanges with the same Bosonic-encoded storage mode within the common action window through auxiliary transitions of multiple target qubits, and are then implemented by returning to the computation subspace and phase closure. Step S4: After the entanglement is resolved, the Bose-coded quantum bus is maintained or restored to the logical initial state required for the next call, and the remaining star operation blocks are executed. Step S5: After completing the corresponding verification operation, apply the required basis transformation to the superconducting verification qubit according to the verification type to be tested and measure it, and output the syndrome information based on the measurement results.

14. The method for extracting syndromes according to claim 13, characterized in that, In step S2, the Bosonic-coded storage mode of the selected Bosonic-coded quantum bus is prepared as a superposition of two logic ground states with equal amplitude and in-phase. In step S3, for each star-shaped operation block, the controlled phase gate between the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the logical Hadamard transform of the Bosonic-coded storage mode, the controlled phase gate product between the Bosonic-coded storage mode and multiple target qubits, the logical Hadamard transform is applied again, and the controlled phase gate between the central qubit and the Bosonic-coded storage mode is applied again, so that the Bosonic-coded storage mode is unentangled with the central qubit and multiple target qubits. In step S4, the unentangled Bosonic-coded storage mode is returned to the superposition of equal amplitude and in-phase. Alternatively, the gate operation sequence is rewritten locally with the same verification effect, and the initial logic state preparation, logic basis transformation, and readout basis are adjusted accordingly.

15. The method for extracting syndromes according to claim 13, characterized in that, According to the qubits, Bosonic-coded quantum bus, pump, readout and control frequency resources occupied by each star-shaped operation block, non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks are selected, and it is determined that the non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks are executed in parallel; in step S3, the common action windows of the non-conflicting star-shaped operation blocks bound to different Bosonic-coded quantum buses are at least partially overlapped, and the effective row direction action and effective column direction action of each participating qubit within the common action window are mutually exclusive.

16. The method for extracting syndromes according to claim 13, characterized in that, For the CSS-type quantum low-density parity-check code that does not have a four-zone direct mapping structure of the supergraph product code, in step S1, the physical node mapping and pre-generation operation layer further specifies the relay qubits and auxiliary interaction operation layer for realizing cross-row and column parity-check association; the relay qubits are existing qubits or additional auxiliary qubits in a two-dimensional multi-level superconducting qubit array that can participate in relaying; according to the physical node mapping and the auxiliary interaction operation layer, the row Bose-coded quantum bus and the column Bose-coded quantum bus are called to perform auxiliary interaction in layers; when the cross-row and column parity-check association is realized by using a measurement-assisted remote gate, the bus measurement and Pauli frame correction required by the measurement-assisted remote gate are performed.

17. The method for extracting syndromes according to claim 13, characterized in that, In step S4, after at least one of the star-shaped operation blocks untangles the Bosonic-coded storage pattern, the Bosonic-coded storage pattern is measured under a predetermined readout basis, and a reset is performed when the measured Bosonic-coded storage pattern does not meet the logic initial state required for subsequent calls; the measurement result or a hard flag, soft confidence level, erase flag, retest trigger information or calibration diagnostic quantity generated based on the measurement result is associated with at least one of bus identifier, round identifier, star-shaped operation block identifier or time information to form a flag record; in step S5, the flag record is associated with the syndrome information and output to an external decoder or recovery controller.

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