An emergency comprehensive situation display system of a nuclear emergency command platform

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of nuclear emergency command decision, and provides a nuclear emergency command platform emergency comprehensive situation display system and method, the system comprises a remote sensing application subsystem, a geographic information subsystem and a comprehensive situation visualization subsystem; the remote sensing application subsystem processes satellite remote sensing image original data based on basic data service to obtain standard image products, and develops remote sensing special application. The application integrates remote sensing application, geographic information and comprehensive situation visualization technology, realizes real-time monitoring, multi-source fusion and unified management of nuclear emergency data, multi-dimensional real-time accurate situation display and sharing across departments, levels and terminals, supports multi-system collaborative work and unified command and scheduling, improves the efficiency of rapid collaborative decision, resource scheduling and public communication of the nuclear emergency command platform, and finally forms a sustainable evolving nuclear emergency command hub.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear emergency command and decision-making technology, specifically a nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear energy boasts advantages such as high energy density, low carbon emissions, stable operation, and the ability to supply power on a large scale, making it an efficient, clean, and reliable energy source. However, accidents at nuclear facilities can pose serious threats to the environment and public health. Nuclear emergency command platforms, by monitoring, issuing early warnings, and analyzing accident dynamics, can allocate resources, ensure public communication, and achieve rapid response, collaborative decision-making, personnel safety, and controllable public opinion in nuclear accidents. They represent a crucial nuclear emergency command and decision-making technology.

[0003] However, traditional nuclear emergency command systems suffer from problems such as fragmented data, low visualization, slow response time, and insufficient coordination capabilities, making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid response and scientific decision-making. Existing emergency command platforms are typically single-function, lack comprehensive situational awareness, have poor module coupling and interactivity, low spatiotemporal coordination efficiency, and crude visualization effects, failing to achieve the fusion and display of multi-source data and real-time collaborative command.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to provide a nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system and method to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system and method, which effectively solves the problems in the background art mentioned above.

[0006] This invention designs a nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system, the system including a remote sensing application subsystem, a geographic information subsystem and an integrated situation visualization subsystem; The remote sensing application subsystem processes raw satellite remote sensing image data based on basic data services to obtain standard image products and carries out remote sensing thematic applications, which include several remote sensing thematic modules. The geographic information subsystem uses cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence technologies to develop several multi-functional service modules to achieve unified scheduling, management and maintenance of data resources, service resources and system resources; The integrated situation visualization subsystem is based on a unified spatiotemporal framework and utilizes a standard integrated 2D and 3D rendering engine and a Web engine to realize the access, rendering, analysis and visualization of geographic information data and emergency business data. The integrated situation visualization subsystem includes several display modules.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: the remote sensing application subsystem processes the raw satellite remote sensing image data using six satellite remote sensing data processing technologies, namely image correction, image fusion, image stitching, light and color equalization, digital surface model (DSM) extraction, and mosaic line editing. The image correction technology takes satellite image data RPC file and corresponding remote sensing image as input, and outputs a corrected product. It uses DEM data to produce orthophoto products. Image fine correction further realizes image matching and regional network adjustment geometric fine correction. The image fusion technology includes two methods: GS fusion and HS fusion. By inputting RPC files and corresponding remote sensing images, multispectral and panchromatic images are fused. The image mosaicking technology uses an input RPC file and corresponding remote sensing image to perform image mosaicking and DEM mosaicking based on mosaicking lines. The image mosaicking line generation method supports three mosaicking line generation methods: Thiessen polygon, graph cut algorithm and A-star algorithm. The uniform light and color technology adjusts the image tone to make the transition between images natural, the tone uniform within the image range, and the overlapping parts without obvious blurring or ghosting. The DSM extraction technology utilizes input surveyed three-line array forward, mid-view, and rear-view images, and interpolates and assigns values ​​to the DSM data by selecting regions using a bounding box method. The mosaic line editing technology avoids mosaic lines passing through roads, houses, and areas with uneven color transitions by providing smooth image display and mosaic line polygon editing functions.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: several remote sensing thematic modules include: The thematic modules include: remote sensing of global nuclear power plant distribution, remote sensing of nuclear facility emergency planning areas, remote sensing of nuclear facility site functional facilities distribution, remote sensing of nuclear emergency resources, remote sensing of buildings, remote sensing of transportation networks, remote sensing of land use, remote sensing of vegetation and crops, remote sensing of water systems and bodies, remote sensing of population distribution, and multi-source fusion situational awareness. The global nuclear power plant distribution remote sensing thematic module uses high-resolution remote sensing data to monitor domestic and foreign nuclear facilities, providing basic information and visual comparison data for nuclear emergency related work; The nuclear facility emergency planning area remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote imagery to dynamically monitor the emergency planning area around the nuclear power plant and generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The remote sensing thematic module for the distribution of functional facilities within the nuclear facility site uses satellite remote sensing imagery to extract, identify, and analyze information on various functional facilities within the nuclear facility site, generating thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The nuclear emergency resource remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing imagery to dynamically monitor nuclear emergency resources around nuclear facilities and generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The building remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing imagery to extract, identify, and analyze building information within a specified area around the nuclear power plant, generating thematic products for nuclear emergency use; The traffic network remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing images to extract traffic network information within a specified range around the nuclear power plant, and combines auxiliary data and manual editing to generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use; The land use remote sensing thematic module adopts a classification-based change detection method to identify and extract land use types around the nuclear power plant, and calculates the comprehensive trend value of land cover change based on the spectral information differences between the previous and subsequent remote sensing images, thereby realizing land use change monitoring. The vegetation and crop remote sensing thematic module extracts information on vegetation and crops around the nuclear power plant, enabling the calculation of vegetation and crop growth area and monitoring of coverage area; The water system and water body remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing images to extract information on surface water systems and water bodies around the nuclear power plant, enabling automatic calculation of water system and water body area and monitoring of range changes; The population distribution remote sensing thematic module integrates satellite remote sensing imagery with population distribution data to generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The multi-source fusion situational remote sensing thematic module takes satellite remote sensing image data as its core, introduces external multi-source information, realizes multi-dimensional information fusion, and generates situational remote sensing thematic products.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: several multi-functional service modules include: The core platform module, intelligent search module, spatial analysis module, basic image service module, vector service module, product image service module, streaming media service module, image service module, document service module, third-party data service module, secondary development module, and metadata service module; The core platform module includes basic resources and a service support framework. The basic resources provide core basic software components, and the service support framework provides the ability to support various types of aerospace data and service plugins. The intelligent retrieval module provides unified retrieval of various types of aerospace data and supports multiple data types. The spatial analysis module provides a set of spatial analysis tools based on vector and raster data to analyze spatial relationships and spatial features. The basic image service module forms a complete image base map from images with geospatial information and supports a variety of basic image-related functions. The vector service module is a geospatial information service publishing and management tool that conforms to OGC specifications, supporting geospatial data of various types and multiple functions; The product image service module efficiently organizes and manages local images at a specific point in time, and supports a variety of product image-related functions. The streaming media service module supports functions such as importing, storing, retrieving, loading, playing, and downloading video and audio. The image service module supports users to upload images and image information, provides image search, preview and download functions, and supports image location identification; The document service module supports users to upload documents and document information, and provides document search, preview and download functions; The third-party data service module supports switching and displaying third-party data sources that conform to industry standards. The secondary development module allows users to develop service plugins in accordance with service extension specifications; The metadata service module provides unified metadata registration, update, removal, and retrieval functions for various types of data and service resources.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: several display modules include: The system includes a comprehensive situation display module, an emergency early warning display module, an emergency status display module, an information release display module, a public opinion monitoring display module, a special topic work window module, and a multi-dimensional audio and video fusion dispatch module. The integrated situation display module is based on a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated information platform, which comprehensively displays various information related to nuclear emergency response. The emergency early warning display module is based on the output of the monitoring and early warning subsystem in the emergency management system, providing facility status signals, early warning signals, and reasons for abnormalities. The emergency status display module is based on the emergency status auxiliary judgment subsystem in the technical support system, which provides the current status of the facility and makes corrections based on emergency decision-making. The information publishing and display module distinguishes between user permissions at different levels to publish emergency-related information, creates information transmission interfaces, and includes information query functions; The public opinion monitoring and display module is based on the public opinion monitoring subsystem in the emergency management system, and displays a variety of public opinion-related information and supports personalized configuration. The special topic work window module connects the interfaces of various subsystems of multiple systems to the comprehensive visualization interface, supporting window switching and interface calling. The multi-channel audio and video fusion scheduling module performs unified processing and management of audio, video and information flow, realizing multi-platform integration and multi-level cascading control.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a distributed interactive management platform for managing audio and video data. The distributed interactive management platform supports the simultaneous display of any video signal source on any one or more display terminals, the display of video signals from the same venue on one or more other venues, real-time video preview on the control interface, customizable interactive control user interface, updating system programs without affecting the system currently in use, and support for domestically produced operating systems.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the integrated situation visualization subsystem supports cross-screen, roaming and overlay functions of the splicing system, can specify any window for screen rotation, and operations on windows that do not participate in the rotation do not affect the rotation windows and signals.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the integrated situation visualization subsystem provides two modes for splicing large screen display layout: real-time editing and pre-editing. In real-time editing mode, the operating terminal synchronously displays the current display on the large screen, while in pre-editing mode, the operation does not affect the signal being displayed on the large screen.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the geographic information subsystem covers the geographic location information of multiple provinces and nuclear power bases, the vector data covers geographic information data of different precision, including multiple layers of information, and the remote sensing map achieves the 2m resolution requirement.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention: the calculation of the comprehensive trend value of land cover change based on the spectral information differences between preceding and subsequent temporal remote sensing images, and the realization of land use change monitoring, specifically involves: Based on the spectral information differences between preceding and subsequent temporal remote sensing images, the formula is used: ; Calculate the comprehensive trend value of land cover change to achieve land use change monitoring; in, This represents the comprehensive trend value of land cover change. This represents the weighting coefficient for the transfer of a specific land category. The absolute value of the average spectral difference of the outgoing pixels in the mainland during the study period. This represents the weighting coefficient for a specific land category. The average absolute value of the spectral difference of the inland morphological cells during the study period. This represents the average standard deviation of the spectral values ​​of pixels in stable and unchanging regions within a specific land type. This represents the total number of pixels transferred from a specific land type during the research period. The total number of pixels that transitioned to a specific land type during the research period. The total number of pixels representing a specific land class at the initial time phase. This represents the total number of pixels in a specific location category at the end of the term.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: First, by integrating remote sensing, geographic information and emergency operational data, this invention provides a comprehensive situational awareness display, breaks through key technologies such as multi-source heterogeneous data fusion and three-dimensional real-scene dynamic simulation, expands the scope of functional applications and situational awareness, and improves the scientific nature of nuclear emergency command and decision-making. Secondly, this invention can support real-time monitoring and dynamic display of the environment surrounding nuclear facilities, improve the spatiotemporal coordination efficiency of nuclear emergency command and decision-making, and ensure the timeliness of emergency response. Then, the present invention realizes multi-system collaborative work and unified command and dispatch, promotes the coupling and interaction of multiple modules, and improves the emergency response efficiency of the nuclear emergency command platform; Finally, this invention provides a wealth of visualization tools, which significantly improves the visualization effect and can meet the decision-making needs of different users.

[0017] In summary, this invention provides comprehensive data, information, and technical support for daily emergency preparedness and unified coordination, command, and resource allocation during response. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This invention provides an architecture diagram of a nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a comprehensive situational awareness display of typical business process diagrams.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a polling display diagram of the multi-audio-video fusion scheduling module.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a multi-layout display diagram on the large screen of the comprehensive situation visualization system. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] This invention, based on a unified spatiotemporal framework and combining fundamental data such as satellite remote sensing data, geographic information data, emergency basic data, and knowledge bases, with emergency operational support systems such as emergency technical support systems, emergency management systems, and training and exercise systems, utilizes various advanced visualization technologies to form a unified information system sub-platform portal and display interface. It proposes a comprehensive emergency situation display system for a nuclear emergency command platform. This system features high data integration, excellent visualization effects, rapid response, strong collaborative capabilities, and comprehensive situational awareness, providing comprehensive data support and decision-making assistance for nuclear emergency command.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system, the system comprising a remote sensing application subsystem, a geographic information subsystem, and an integrated situation visualization subsystem; The remote sensing application subsystem primarily handles the processing of basic data and thematic remote sensing applications for emergency response. The geographic information subsystem mainly provides basic geographic information platform services, offering a map foundation for the comprehensive visualization functions of various business systems, and supporting emergency spatial analysis services and emergency spatial information visualization.

[0027] First, the remote sensing application subsystem proposed in this invention provides basic data services. It can process the raw satellite remote sensing image data that supports the application of the emergency integrated situation display system to form standard image products. This provides standard image data support for subsequent remote sensing thematic applications and business data visualization. For example, it can process 5-meter remote sensing satellite image data across the country and 0.8-meter high-definition satellite image data within an 80km radius around related facilities, as well as 1:100,000 scale data services around related facilities.

[0028] Furthermore, this invention provides six satellite remote sensing data processing technologies, including image correction, image fusion, image mosaicking, light and color equalization, digital surface model (DSM) extraction, and mosaic line editing. Among them, the image correction technology takes satellite image RPC data files and corresponding remote sensing images as input, and outputs corrected products. Using DEM data, orthophoto products can be produced, while fine image correction can further achieve image matching and geometrical fine correction of regional network adjustment. The image fusion technology includes two methods: GS fusion and HS fusion. It takes RPC files and corresponding remote sensing images as input, and performs multispectral and panchromatic image fusion, preserving the multispectral characteristics of the spectral images while inheriting the spatial resolution of the panchromatic images. The image mosaicking technology takes RPC files and corresponding remote sensing images as input, and performs image mosaicking based on mosaic lines. The system supports mosaicking and DEM stitching, and its image stitching generation methods include three mosaicking line generation methods: Thiessen polygon, graph cut algorithm, and A-star algorithm. The uniform light and color technology adjusts the image tone to ensure natural transitions between images, uniform tone within the image area, and no obvious blurring or ghosting in overlapping areas. The DSM extraction technology uses input surveyed three-line array forward, center, and rear view images, and interpolates and assigns values ​​to DSM data by selecting areas using a bounding box. The mosaicking line editing technology provides smooth image display and mosaicking line polygon editing functions, preventing mosaicking lines from passing through roads, buildings, and areas with uneven color transitions.

[0029] The remote sensing thematic application proposed in this invention mainly relies on the monitoring capability of high-resolution remote sensing data for ground objects, analyzes ground objects closely related to nuclear facilities and nuclear emergency preparedness and response, and selects several key elements with the highest correlation for information extraction and dynamic monitoring based on high-resolution remote sensing data.

[0030] It mainly includes 11 remote sensing thematic modules: Global Nuclear Power Plant Distribution Remote Sensing Module, Nuclear Facility Emergency Planning Area Remote Sensing Module, Nuclear Facility On-Site Functional Facility Distribution Remote Sensing Module, Nuclear Emergency Resources Remote Sensing Module, Building Remote Sensing Module, Transportation Network Remote Sensing Module, Land Use Remote Sensing Module, Vegetation and Crop Remote Sensing Module, Water System and Water Body Remote Sensing Module, Population Distribution Remote Sensing Module, and Multi-Source Fusion Situational Awareness Remote Sensing Module. The functions of each remote sensing thematic module are as follows: The Global Nuclear Power Plant Distribution Remote Sensing Module utilizes high-resolution remote sensing data to monitor domestic and international nuclear facilities. The primary monitoring targets include commercial nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel processing plants, spent fuel reprocessing plants, radioactive waste disposal sites, and key nuclear facilities of concern worldwide. This provides fundamental information for my country's scientific and effective response to domestic and international nuclear accidents or activities. Simultaneously, it offers intuitive and visual comparative data for my country's nuclear power plant site selection, emergency evacuation route planning, emergency planning zone delineation, emergency shelter setup, emergency assembly point establishment, and cross-regional emergency response. The Remote Sensing Module for Nuclear Facility Emergency Planning Zones enables dynamic monitoring of emergency planning zones surrounding nuclear power plants using satellite remote sensing imagery, including plume emergency planning zones and ingestion emergency planning zones, ensuring that these zones are always ready to effectively protect the public in the event of a nuclear facility accident.

[0031] By dynamically monitoring the nuclear emergency planning areas, the distribution of emergency planning areas around nuclear power plants can be obtained in a timely manner, and with the help of manual editing, special products that can be used for nuclear emergency response can be generated. The Remote Sensing Thematic Module for the Distribution of Functional Facilities within Nuclear Facilities: This module enables the extraction, identification, and analysis of information on various functional facilities within nuclear facilities using satellite remote sensing imagery. Through dynamic monitoring of the nuclear facility, it provides timely updates on the latest distribution of each functional facility and, combined with manual editing, generates thematic products suitable for nuclear emergency use. The Nuclear Emergency Resources Remote Sensing Module enables dynamic monitoring of nuclear emergency resources around nuclear facilities using satellite remote sensing imagery, including material support resources and facility support resources. Through dynamic monitoring of the facility and its surrounding area, the module provides timely information on the distribution of emergency resources around the nuclear facility and, with manual editing assistance, generates thematic products usable for nuclear emergencies. The Building Remote Sensing Thematic Module: This module enables the extraction, identification, and analysis of building information within a designated area surrounding a nuclear power plant using satellite remote sensing imagery. It includes the extraction, location, and periodic monitoring of key buildings such as houses and buildings, and the identification of unauthorized artificial structures within the nuclear power plant's restricted planning area. Through dynamic monitoring of buildings, it provides timely access to the latest building distribution around the nuclear power plant and, combined with manual editing, generates thematic products available for nuclear emergency use. The Remote Sensing Module for Transportation Networks utilizes satellite remote sensing imagery to extract transportation network information within a specified area surrounding a nuclear power plant. Based on road extraction from single images, it monitors the distribution of roads around the nuclear power plant using multi-temporal data. Simultaneously, by combining auxiliary data such as road traffic information maps and road information data for the nuclear power plant area, along with manual editing, it generates thematic products suitable for nuclear emergency use. Land Use Remote Sensing Thematic Module: This module employs a post-classification change detection method to identify and extract land use types around the nuclear power plant. Based on the spectral differences between preceding and subsequent temporal remote sensing images, it uses the following formula: ; Calculate the comprehensive trend value of land cover change to achieve land use change monitoring; in, This represents the comprehensive trend value of land cover change. This represents the weighting coefficient for the transfer of a specific land category. The absolute value of the average spectral difference of the outgoing pixels in the mainland during the study period. This represents the weighting coefficient for a specific land category. The average absolute value of the spectral difference of the inland morphological cells during the study period. This represents the average standard deviation of the spectral values ​​of pixels in stable and unchanging regions within a specific land type. This represents the total number of pixels transferred from a specific land type during the research period. The total number of pixels that transitioned to a specific land type during the research period. The total number of pixels representing a specific land class at the initial time phase. This represents the total number of pixels in a specific location category at the end of the term.

[0032] The land use remote sensing thematic module employs a post-classification change detection method. First, it acquires two sets of remote sensing images covering the area surrounding the nuclear power plant: the first phase in 2020 and the second phase in 2025. These images, for example, are Landsat 8OLI image data with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Supervised classification is then performed on both phases, dividing image pixels into six land use types: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, construction land, and unused land. Then, using forest land as a specific land type, by comparing the classification results of the two phases, it identifies pixel sets that were forest land in 2020 but converted to non-forest land in 2025, and pixel sets that were non-forest land in 2020 but converted to forest land in 2025. Finally, it calculates the comprehensive land cover change trend value to monitor changes in forest land use. In specific implementation... First, determine the weighting coefficients. The weighting coefficients are set based on the sensitivity of the conversion between specific land types and other land types to the regional ecological environment. The higher the sensitivity, the larger the weighting coefficient. The value range is set between 0 and 1. Ten experts in ecology and land use planning were invited to score different land type conversion types (0-10 points, with higher scores indicating more significant impact). The average score was then taken and normalized to obtain the specific weight value. For example, the average expert score for forest land converted to construction land was 9 points, with a normalized weight of 0.9; the average score for forest land converted to grassland was 3 points, with a normalized weight of 0.3; and the average score for unused land converted to forest land was 7 points, with a normalized weight of 0.7. The specific weighting coefficient setting process for each conversion type can be found in the table below. Table 1. Weighting Coefficients for Forest Land Conversion Types As shown in Table 1, the transfer weight coefficient for a specific land category is calculated by averaging the weights of all transfer types. ,Right now Similarly, the average weight of all transfer types is used to calculate the transfer weight coefficient for a specific land category. ,Right now ; Next, the total number of pixels for a specific land type (forest land) in the initial time phase (2020) was counted. The total number of pixels for a specific land type (forest land) at the end of the phase (2025) is 2,000,000. The total number of pixels transferred from forest land during the study period was 1,950,000. The total number of pixels transferred to forest land is 100,000. 50,000; Subsequently, the spectral information of these changed pixels was extracted from the two image periods. Taking the DN value in the near-infrared band as an example, for each transferred pixel, the absolute value of the difference in its spectral value between the two image periods was calculated. For example, if a pixel changed from forest land (DN value 150) to construction land (DN value 80), its absolute spectral difference value is |150-80|=70. The average of the absolute spectral difference values ​​of all 100,000 transferred pixels was then calculated to obtain the average absolute spectral difference value of the landform transferred pixels during the study period. Example: ; Similarly, for a transferred pixel, for example, a pixel changing from grassland (DN value 100) to woodland (DN value 145), its absolute spectral difference is |100-145|=45. The average of the summations of the absolute spectral differences of all 50,000 transferred pixels is used to obtain the average absolute spectral difference of the transferred landform pixels during the study period. Example: ; Subsequently, within the stable forest area that remained unchanged in both image phases, 5000 pixels were randomly selected, and their spectral values ​​at the initial time phase were extracted. The standard deviation of these 5000 spectral values ​​was calculated to obtain the average standard deviation of the spectral values ​​of pixels in the stable area within a specific land type. The value is 15.8, which reflects the degree of dispersion of the spectral characteristics of the forest itself.

[0033] formula In the middle, parameters This represents the comprehensive trend value of land cover change. For specific land categories, the transfer weight coefficient is used. Weighting coefficients are applied to specific land categories. This represents the absolute value of the average spectral difference of the pixels transferred from the land use category. This represents the absolute value of the average spectral difference of the pixels transferred from the land use category. The average standard deviation of the spectral values ​​of pixels in the stable and unchanging region. This represents the total number of pixels transferred out by the land category. This represents the total number of pixels transferred to a specific land category. This represents the total number of pixels for a specific land type at the initial time phase. This represents the total number of pixels for a specific land class at the end of the term.

[0034] The operational logic of this formula lies in the numerator part. Through weighting coefficients and The drastic spectral changes during land category transfers were adjusted, and the weighted net spectral change was calculated. Absolute value calculations ensured that the magnitude of the change trend was positive, and the denominator... This change is then normalized to eliminate the influence of spectral heterogeneity among different land cover types. The square root term after the multiplication sign... The scale of change is quantified from the perspective of the proportion of changed pixels to the total number of pixels. The overall formula integrates three aspects: change intensity, change direction, and change scale. The parameter values ​​obtained in the above example are substituted into the formula for calculation: , , , , , , , , ; The calculation process is as follows Finally, the comprehensive trend value of land cover change was calculated. It is 0.0604. The advantage of this formula lies in the introduction of weighting coefficients. and The variable pixel ratio factor not only considers changes in spectral values ​​but also integrates the ecological significance of different land cover transformations and the real-world impact of the scale of change, making the monitoring results more comprehensive and targeted. The results indicate that the overall change trend of forest land surrounding the nuclear power plant is relatively small. The change trend value range was set as follows: [0, 0.1) for slight change, [0.1, 0.3) for mild change, [0.3, 0.5) for moderate change, and above 0.5 for severe change. The calculated result of 0.0604 falls within the slight change range, meaning that the overall forest cover status in this area will remain stable from 2020 to 2025.

[0035] The Vegetation and Crop Remote Sensing Module enables dynamic monitoring of the spatial distribution of various types of vegetation and crops around nuclear power plants. It extracts information on vegetation and crops to meet nuclear emergency needs, including vegetation type and coverage area, and allows manual editing of the extracted results. Based on this, it enables automatic calculation of the growth area of ​​various types of vegetation and crops, and detection of changes in the coverage area of ​​different types of vegetation. Key functions include vegetation and crop classification, calculation of vegetation and crop growth area, and monitoring of vegetation and crop coverage area. The Water System and Water Body Remote Sensing Module enables the extraction of information on surface water systems and bodies surrounding nuclear power plants using satellite remote sensing imagery. This primarily includes the extent and watershed of rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, and allows for manual editing of the extracted water system and water body data. Based on this, it enables automatic calculation of the area and monitoring of changes in the extent of various water systems and bodies surrounding nuclear power plants, supporting nuclear emergency response functions such as hydrogeological surveys and water resource assessments around nuclear facilities. The population distribution remote sensing thematic module integrates satellite remote sensing imagery with population distribution data to provide a thematic display of population distribution around nuclear power plants. It obtains quantity and location information of the permanent and transient populations around the nuclear power plant by connecting to external information sources, generating thematic products that can be used in nuclear emergencies. Multi-source fusion situational remote sensing thematic module: Taking satellite remote sensing image data as the core, it introduces external meteorological, oceanographic, surveying and mapping information from multiple sources to achieve comprehensive correlation and organization of remote sensing monitoring data around nuclear power plants with meteorological, oceanographic and other environmental data, and multi-dimensional information fusion to generate situational remote sensing thematic products.

[0036] Secondly, the geographic information subsystem proposed in this invention employs advanced technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence to uniformly schedule, manage, and maintain data resources, service resources, and system resources. Based on this, various upper-layer application services are built, constructing a resource service center. Simultaneously, the geographic information subsystem proposed in this invention can cover the geographical location information of multiple provinces and nuclear power bases. The vector data can cover geographic information data with a precision of 1:1,000,000 for mainland China, 1:100,000 for provinces with nuclear facilities, and at least 1:10,000 or even higher precision within 50km of nuclear facilities, including layer information such as roads, population, villages, rivers, resettlement facilities, evacuation assembly points, hospitals, and schools. The remote sensing map can achieve a resolution of 2m.

[0037] Furthermore, the geographic information subsystem proposed in this invention encompasses 12 multi-functional service modules, mainly including: a core platform module, an intelligent retrieval module, a spatial analysis module, a basic image service module, a vector service module, a product image service module, a streaming media service module, an image service module, a document service module, a third-party data service module, a secondary development module, and a metadata service module. The functions of each module are as follows: Core Platform Module: The core platform module includes basic resources and a service support framework. Basic resources provide core foundational software components such as file systems, databases, container platforms, and message queues, providing basic storage and computing support for the platform. The service support framework provides the ability to support various types of aerospace data and service plugins. Through a microservice architecture, it decouples various business functions, providing high-performance and highly available service capabilities. Intelligent Search Module: The intelligent search module provides unified retrieval of various types of aerospace data, including comprehensive search functions such as intelligent recommendation, category search, and model search. It supports not only basic geographic data such as imagery, elevation, and vector data, but also various user-extended data types conforming to metadata specifications. Spatial Analysis Module: To assist users in conducting scene analysis and target spatial relationship analysis, this module provides a convenient, interactive, clearly displayed, and feature-rich spatial analysis toolset based on vector and raster data. It analyzes spatial relationships and spatial characteristics from three aspects: basic element features, basic spatial calculations, and basic spatial analysis application models, helping users solve various practical problems. Basic Image Service Module: The basic image service module can combine multiple images or groups of images with geospatial information according to their temporal and spatial relationships, and gradually form a complete image base map through stitching, fusion, and pyramid slicing. It supports functions such as creating basic images, updating basic images, previewing basic images, and publishing basic images. Vector Service Module: The platform provides vector services that are OGC-compliant geospatial information service publishing and management tools, suitable for the rapid construction of B / S architecture business systems. It supports various geospatial data types, including spatial data from various commercial databases, file data, raster image data, OWS service data, and API interfaces. It offers powerful functions such as map data publishing, map data access, map data visualization, and map style customization. It also allows map publishing based on workspaces, facilitating data publishing and management; it includes a tiling tool to significantly speed up data access; a Shapefile import tool for easy data import; an XML style file editing and validation tool; a thematic map export tool; and a layer group publishing tool. Product Image Service Module: The Product Image Service Module is mainly for local images at a specific point in time, which are efficiently organized and managed through the basic service platform. Product images mainly include satellite remote sensing images, aerial remote sensing data, UAV remote sensing data, and intermediate products generated by the system, such as corrected images, fused products, and mosaic results. The data source can be a single image or a collection of images in a mosaic dataset. It supports common functions such as importing, displaying, tiling, publishing, and downloading. Streaming media service module: The streaming media service mainly supports functions such as importing, storing, retrieving, loading, playing, and downloading video and audio. It serves as an important supplement to data categories. Image Service Module: The image service supports user-uploaded images and image information. Images can be quickly retrieved using keywords, document names, titles, etc. Users can preview images in their original form or download them. Image drag-and-drop functionality is supported. Images with latitude and longitude coordinates are supported, and location services can be parsed or user-defined latitude and longitude coordinates for positioning. Document Service Module: The document service supports users to upload documents and document information. Documents can be quickly searched by keywords, document name, title, etc. They can be previewed as PDFs or downloaded. Third-party data service module: Supports switching and displaying third-party data sources that conform to industry standards, such as data from services like WMS and WFS released by ArcGIS. Users can switch the base map according to their preferences. Secondary development module: Users can develop their own service plugins by following the service extension specifications to achieve specific data analysis, professional processing, or business application functions. As long as they conform to the unified microservice development specifications, these extended services can achieve capabilities such as load balancing, rapid migration, and unified operation and maintenance. Metadata Service Module: The metadata service module provides unified metadata registration, update, removal, and retrieval functions for all types of data and service resources hosted on it. It enables all data units entering the service to be searched horizontally, and the addition, deletion, and modification of all data units in the service need to be integrated with the metadata implementation.

[0038] Finally, the integrated situation visualization subsystem proposed in this invention can, based on the geographic information subsystem, access radiation dose field calculation or measurement results and nuclear emergency resource distribution results at any location and on any layer. With the help of the basic platform's conversion, it displays on-duty early warning data (operating conditions, radiation, meteorology, earthquakes, other natural disasters, public opinion), a lightweight 3D model of nuclear facilities, accident simulation demonstrations, and public opinion analysis results. It can automatically switch between basic platforms such as the geographic information platform, the 3D model display platform, and the public opinion analysis platform, while also accommodating emergency command and decision-making functions. The business process is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0039] Furthermore, the comprehensive situation visualization subsystem proposed in this invention encompasses seven major display modules, including: a comprehensive situation display module, an emergency early warning display module, an emergency status display module, an information release display module, a public opinion monitoring display module, a special topic work window module, and a multi-source audio-visual fusion scheduling module. The functions of each display module are as follows: Comprehensive Situation Display Module: Based on a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated information platform, it comprehensively displays relevant information such as the environmental status of related facilities, radiation monitoring data, consequence assessment results, population distribution around the facilities, road conditions around the facilities, distribution status of emergency resources, radiation contamination areas, command and decision-making situation, emergency resource dispatch status, facility video surveillance, and rescue team status. Emergency Early Warning Display Module: Based on the output of the monitoring and early warning subsystem in the emergency management system, it provides relevant facility status signals. When the facility status is abnormal, it provides an early warning signal in the emergency integrated situation display system and gives the reason for the abnormality. Emergency Status Display Module: Based on the emergency status auxiliary judgment subsystem in the technical support system, it displays the current status of relevant facilities and corrects it based on emergency decisions made during actual emergency processes; Information release and display module: It can differentiate user permissions at all levels and selectively release emergency-related information to different users. The content released includes accident warning information, event information, scope of impact, emergency response measures already taken, public protection advice, public training information, etc.; it creates interfaces for transmitting information with international organizations, other emergency-related agencies, departments and organizations to realize information transmission; the system includes a query function, which can easily and quickly retrieve information released on the information portal. Public opinion monitoring and display module: Based on the public opinion monitoring subsystem in the emergency management system, it focuses on displaying public opinion early warning information, public opinion map, institutional public opinion, Toutiao, repost ranking, micro-movies and other information, and supports personalized configuration; Special topic work window module: It connects the interfaces of various subsystems in the technical support system, emergency management system and exercise system to the comprehensive visualization interface and displays them in the form of special topic work windows. It supports free switching of visualization windows and free calling of various subsystem interfaces, realizing the combination of spatial information display and work windows. The multi-channel audio and video fusion scheduling module can uniformly control, transmit, process, manage, and store audio, video, and information streams according to emergency business logic, meeting the requirements of flexible access, instant sharing, real-time transmission, and high integration of information streams. Simultaneously, it can centrally manage signals from multiple points and locations, ensuring synchronous transmission of audio, video, and control signals. In terms of scheduling management, it can meet both centralized management and distributed control, supporting B / S and C / S network architecture platforms, transforming the previous dedicated platform control or single platform control into multi-platform control. Furthermore, it supports integration with video surveillance platforms, recording platforms, agent management platforms, video conferencing platforms, voice dispatching platforms, etc., achieving hierarchical, multi-level cascaded control, and unified coordination, distribution, control, and management across multiple platforms and systems.

[0040] Furthermore, this invention employs a distributed interactive management platform to manage the audio and video data of the information system sub-platform, supporting, but not limited to, the following functions: any video signal source can be simultaneously displayed on any one or more display terminals; video signals from the same meeting room can be displayed on one or more other meeting rooms; the control interface can perform real-time video preview while managing signal switching, avoiding accidental operation; it supports a customizable interactive control user interface with a graphical interface; updating the system program does not affect the system currently in use; and it supports domestically produced operating systems.

[0041] Furthermore, the integrated situational awareness subsystem proposed in this invention supports cross-screen, roaming, and overlay functions of the splicing system. For example... Figure 3 As shown, any window can be specified for screen rotation. Any operation can be performed on other windows that are not participating in the rotation, and the operation will not affect the window and signal that are being rotated. Furthermore, the integrated situational awareness visualization subsystem proposed in this invention can be configured to display any number of layout modes on a large screen and switch between them with a single click, such as... Figure 4 As shown, settings can be accessed via the web or quickly saved through the UI client. When a signal source is dragged to any window in the layout, the screen will automatically fill the window without needing to be resized again. Double-clicking any window will display it in full screen. Furthermore, the integrated situational awareness visualization subsystem proposed in this invention provides both real-time editing and pre-editing modes for splicing large-screen display layouts. It allows for real-time management of the large screen's layout, with the operating terminal synchronously displaying the current screen feed. In pre-editing mode, users can arbitrarily manipulate the size and position of the large screen display without affecting the signal being displayed. A simple click of "one-click screen mirroring" synchronizes the pre-edited image to the actual large screen display.

[0042] This invention provides a method for displaying the comprehensive emergency situation on a nuclear emergency command platform, comprising the following steps: S1: The raw satellite remote sensing image data is processed using six satellite remote sensing data processing technologies of the remote sensing application subsystem to obtain standard image products. Remote sensing thematic applications are carried out through 11 remote sensing thematic modules to provide geographic and environmental information for nuclear emergency command. S2: Through the 12 multi-functional service modules of the geographic information subsystem, cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence technologies are used to uniformly schedule, manage and maintain data resources, service resources and system resources, providing a map foundation for the comprehensive visualization function of various business systems; S3: The integrated situation visualization subsystem is based on a unified spatiotemporal framework. It utilizes a standard 2D / 3D integrated rendering engine and Web engine, and accesses geographic information data and emergency business data provided by the geographic information subsystem. Through seven display modules, it renders, analyzes, and visualizes the data. At the same time, it uses a distributed interactive management platform to manage audio and video data, and supports cross-screen, roaming, and overlay functions of the splicing system, as well as the setting and editing of large-screen display layouts, to realize multi-system collaborative work and unified command and dispatch in nuclear emergency command.

[0043] In summary, this invention integrates remote sensing applications, geographic information, and comprehensive situational visualization technologies to achieve real-time monitoring, multi-source fusion, and unified management of nuclear emergency data, as well as multi-dimensional, real-time, and accurate situational awareness display and sharing across departments, levels, and terminals. It supports collaborative work among multiple systems and unified command and dispatch, improves the efficiency of rapid collaborative decision-making, resource allocation, and public communication on the nuclear emergency command platform, and ultimately forms a sustainable and evolving nuclear emergency command center.

[0044] This invention constructs a remote sensing application subsystem, which processes raw satellite remote sensing imagery based on basic data services to obtain standard image products and supports 11 remote sensing thematic applications. This comprehensively and fully presents relevant geographic and environmental information relevant to nuclear emergency response to emergency commanders and technical experts, ensuring the correctness and accuracy of nuclear emergency command and dispatch. Next, a geographic information subsystem is constructed, employing technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence to develop 12 multi-functional service modules, achieving unified scheduling, management, and maintenance of data resources, service resources, and system resources. Finally, a comprehensive situation visualization subsystem is constructed, based on a unified spatiotemporal framework and utilizing a standard integrated 2D / 3D rendering engine and Web engine to achieve the access, rendering, analysis, and visualization of geographic information data and emergency operational data. This achieves the goal of providing technical support for command and decision-making through geospatial information expression and data analysis based on emergency system data resources.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear emergency command platform integrated emergency situation display system, characterized in that, The system includes a remote sensing application subsystem, a geographic information subsystem, and a comprehensive situation visualization subsystem; The remote sensing application subsystem processes raw satellite remote sensing image data based on basic data services to obtain standard image products and carries out remote sensing thematic applications, which include several remote sensing thematic modules. The geographic information subsystem uses cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence technologies to develop several multi-functional service modules to achieve unified scheduling, management and maintenance of data resources, service resources and system resources; The integrated situation visualization subsystem is based on a unified spatiotemporal framework and utilizes a standard integrated 2D and 3D rendering engine and a Web engine to realize the access, rendering, analysis and visualization of geographic information data and emergency business data. The integrated situation visualization subsystem includes several display modules.

2. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote sensing application subsystem processes raw satellite remote sensing image data using six satellite remote sensing data processing techniques: image correction, image fusion, image stitching, light and color equalization, digital surface model (DSM) extraction, and mosaic line editing. The image correction technology takes satellite image data RPC file and corresponding remote sensing image as input, and outputs a corrected product. It uses DEM data to produce orthophoto products. Image fine correction further realizes image matching and regional network adjustment geometric fine correction. The image fusion technology includes two methods: GS fusion and HS fusion. By inputting RPC files and corresponding remote sensing images, multispectral and panchromatic images are fused. The image mosaicking technology uses an input RPC file and corresponding remote sensing image to perform image mosaicking and DEM mosaicking based on mosaicking lines. The image mosaicking line generation method supports three mosaicking line generation methods: Thiessen polygon, graph cut algorithm and A-star algorithm. The uniform light and color technology adjusts the image tone to make the transition between images natural, the tone uniform within the image range, and the overlapping parts without obvious blurring or ghosting. The DSM extraction technology utilizes input surveyed three-line array forward, mid-view, and rear-view images, and interpolates and assigns values ​​to the DSM data by selecting regions using a bounding box method. The mosaic line editing technology avoids mosaic lines passing through roads, houses, and areas with uneven color transitions by providing smooth image display and mosaic line polygon editing functions.

3. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several remote sensing thematic modules include: The thematic modules include: remote sensing of global nuclear power plant distribution, remote sensing of nuclear facility emergency planning areas, remote sensing of nuclear facility site functional facilities distribution, remote sensing of nuclear emergency resources, remote sensing of buildings, remote sensing of transportation networks, remote sensing of land use, remote sensing of vegetation and crops, remote sensing of water systems and bodies, remote sensing of population distribution, and multi-source fusion situational awareness. The global nuclear power plant distribution remote sensing thematic module uses high-resolution remote sensing data to monitor domestic and foreign nuclear facilities, providing basic information and visual comparison data for nuclear emergency related work; The nuclear facility emergency planning area remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote imagery to dynamically monitor the emergency planning area around the nuclear power plant and generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The remote sensing thematic module for the distribution of functional facilities within the nuclear facility site uses satellite remote sensing imagery to extract, identify, and analyze information on various functional facilities within the nuclear facility site, generating thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The nuclear emergency resource remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing imagery to dynamically monitor nuclear emergency resources around nuclear facilities and generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The building remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing imagery to extract, identify, and analyze building information within a specified area around the nuclear power plant, generating thematic products for nuclear emergency use; The traffic network remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing images to extract traffic network information within a specified range around the nuclear power plant, and combines auxiliary data and manual editing to generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use; The land use remote sensing thematic module adopts a classification-based change detection method to identify and extract land use types around the nuclear power plant, and calculates the comprehensive trend value of land cover change based on the spectral information differences between the previous and subsequent remote sensing images, thereby realizing land use change monitoring. The vegetation and crop remote sensing thematic module extracts information on vegetation and crops around the nuclear power plant, enabling the calculation of vegetation and crop growth area and monitoring of coverage area; The water system and water body remote sensing thematic module uses satellite remote sensing images to extract information on surface water systems and water bodies around the nuclear power plant, enabling automatic calculation of water system and water body area and monitoring of range changes; The population distribution remote sensing thematic module integrates satellite remote sensing imagery with population distribution data to generate thematic products for nuclear emergency use. The multi-source fusion situational remote sensing thematic module takes satellite remote sensing image data as its core, introduces external multi-source information, realizes multi-dimensional information fusion, and generates situational remote sensing thematic products.

4. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several multi-functional service modules include: The core platform module, intelligent search module, spatial analysis module, basic image service module, vector service module, product image service module, streaming media service module, image service module, document service module, third-party data service module, secondary development module, and metadata service module; The core platform module includes basic resources and a service support framework. The basic resources provide core basic software components, and the service support framework provides the ability to support various types of aerospace data and service plugins. The intelligent retrieval module provides unified retrieval of various types of aerospace data and supports multiple data types. The spatial analysis module provides a set of spatial analysis tools based on vector and raster data to analyze spatial relationships and spatial features. The basic image service module forms a complete image base map from images with geospatial information and supports a variety of basic image-related functions. The vector service module is a geospatial information service publishing and management tool that conforms to OGC specifications, supporting geospatial data of various types and multiple functions; The product image service module efficiently organizes and manages local images at a specific point in time, and supports a variety of product image-related functions. The streaming media service module supports functions such as importing, storing, retrieving, loading, playing, and downloading video and audio. The image service module supports users to upload images and image information, provides image search, preview and download functions, and supports image location identification; The document service module supports users to upload documents and document information, and provides document search, preview and download functions; The third-party data service module supports switching and displaying third-party data sources that conform to industry standards. The secondary development module allows users to develop service plugins in accordance with service extension specifications; The metadata service module provides unified metadata registration, update, removal, and retrieval functions for various types of data and service resources.

5. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several display modules include: The system includes a comprehensive situation display module, an emergency early warning display module, an emergency status display module, an information release display module, a public opinion monitoring display module, a special topic work window module, and a multi-dimensional audio and video fusion dispatch module. The integrated situation display module is based on a two-dimensional and three-dimensional integrated information platform, which comprehensively displays various information related to nuclear emergency response. The emergency early warning display module is based on the output of the monitoring and early warning subsystem in the emergency management system, providing facility status signals, early warning signals, and reasons for abnormalities. The emergency status display module is based on the emergency status auxiliary judgment subsystem in the technical support system, which provides the current status of the facility and makes corrections based on emergency decision-making. The information publishing and display module distinguishes between user permissions at different levels to publish emergency-related information, creates information transmission interfaces, and includes information query functions; The public opinion monitoring and display module is based on the public opinion monitoring subsystem in the emergency management system, and displays a variety of public opinion-related information and supports personalized configuration. The special topic work window module connects the interfaces of various subsystems of multiple systems to the comprehensive visualization interface, supporting window switching and interface calling. The multi-channel audio and video fusion scheduling module performs unified processing and management of audio, video and information flow, realizing multi-platform integration and multi-level cascading control.

6. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a distributed interactive management platform for managing audio and video data. The distributed interactive management platform supports the simultaneous display of any video signal source on any one or more display terminals, the display of video signals from the same venue on one or more other venues, real-time video preview on the control interface, customizable interactive control user interface, updating system programs without affecting the system in use, and support for domestically produced operating systems.

7. The nuclear emergency command platform integrated emergency situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated situation visualization subsystem supports cross-screen, roaming, and overlay functions of the splicing system, and can specify any window for screen rotation. Operations on windows that are not involved in the rotation will not affect the rotation window and signals.

8. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated situation visualization subsystem provides two modes for splicing the large screen display layout: real-time editing and pre-editing. In real-time editing mode, the operating terminal synchronously displays the current display on the large screen, while in pre-editing mode, the operation does not affect the signal being displayed on the large screen.

9. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geographic information subsystem covers geographic location information of multiple provinces and nuclear power bases. The vector data covers geographic information data of different precision, including multiple layers of information, and the remote sensing map achieves the 2m resolution requirement.

10. The nuclear emergency command platform emergency integrated situation display system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of calculating the comprehensive trend value of land cover change based on the spectral information differences between preceding and subsequent remote sensing images, and realizing land use change monitoring, specifically involves: Based on the spectral information differences between preceding and subsequent temporal remote sensing images, the formula is used: ； Calculate the comprehensive trend value of land cover change to achieve land use change monitoring; in, This represents the comprehensive trend value of land cover change. This represents the weighting coefficient for the transfer of a specific land category. The absolute value of the average spectral difference of the outgoing pixels in the mainland during the study period. This represents the weighting coefficient for a specific land category. The average absolute value of the spectral difference of the inland morphological cells during the study period. This represents the average standard deviation of the spectral values ​​of pixels in stable and unchanging regions within a specific land type. This represents the total number of pixels transferred from a specific land type during the research period. The total number of pixels that transitioned to a specific land type during the research period. The total number of pixels representing a specific land class at the initial time phase. This represents the total number of pixels in a specific location category at the end of the term.

Images