Method for determining suitable dosage of solid deicing agent based on road surface snow melting response

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of suitable dosing amount determination of solid snow-melting agent, and particularly to a method for determining suitable dosing amount of solid snow-melting agent based on road surface snow-melting response, which comprises setting micro-dosing points, applying the same micro-amount of solid snow-melting agent to each micro-dosing point, continuously collecting the local snow-melting response expansion process, and generating point source snow-melting response expansion sequence; identifying the surface snow-melting connection state between adjacent micro-dosing points, the interface salt solution hidden penetration state, and the response attenuation fracture position, and generating the road surface snow-melting response propagation ability result; the interface salt solution hidden penetration state represents whether a continuous transmission channel has been formed between the ice and snow cover layer and the road surface when the ice and snow cover layer surface has not been completely melted; according to the road surface snow-melting response propagation ability result, the unit area solid snow-melting agent dosage that can form a continuous salt solution transmission channel between the ice and snow cover layer and the road surface in the adjacent snow-melting response area and does not form continuous salt solution outflow is determined, and the unit area solid snow-melting agent dosage is taken as the suitable dosing amount of solid snow-melting agent; the present application avoids dosing lag or excessive dosing caused by waiting for the surface to be completely melted, and improves the utilization efficiency of snow-melting agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of determining the appropriate dosage of de-icing agents, and in particular to a method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agents based on road surface snow melting response. Background Technology

[0002] Winter snowfall and road icing reduce road surface skid resistance, affecting vehicle safety and road traffic efficiency. To quickly restore road capacity, maintenance departments typically use solid de-icing agents for snow and ice removal. Due to their convenient transportation, high application efficiency, and wide applicability, solid de-icing agents are widely used in urban roads, highways, bridges, ramps, and mountain roads during icy and snowy conditions. Current solid de-icing agent dosages are usually determined based on ambient temperature, snow depth, road surface temperature, traffic level, and empirical dosage standards, or by using fixed dosage tables to directly guide application. These methods primarily rely on predicting de-icing agent demand based on external environmental conditions, with less consideration for the actual propagation process of the agent on the road surface after application. Because different road materials, surface textures, snow and ice compaction levels, and road microstructures vary, the diffusion capacity, salt transfer capacity, and snow-melting efficiency of the same dosage of solid de-icing agent differ significantly on different road surfaces. Therefore, applying according to experience or fixed standards can easily lead to insufficient or excessive snow melting in certain areas.

[0003] Further analysis revealed that the actual action of solid de-icing agents after application is not a simple, uniform outward diffusion from the application point. Instead, it involves multiple stages: particle dissolution, salt solution formation, establishment of a salt film between the snow cover and the road surface, salt solution propagation along the interface layer, and finally, the formation of surface snow-melting connectivity. Before obvious snow-melting connectivity appears on the snow cover surface, a continuous salt solution transfer channel often forms between the snow cover and the road surface. This implicit propagation process directly determines the subsequent snow-melting response propagation capability and the efficiency of de-icing agent utilization. However, current technologies typically use snow-melting area, snow-melting speed, or the degree of snow and ice melting as evaluation criteria, making it difficult to identify the salt solution propagation process at the interface layer. Furthermore, it is impossible to use this propagation process to deduce the minimum dosage required to form a continuous salt solution transfer channel and the critical dosage to trigger continuous salt solution outflow, resulting in a lack of scientific basis for the appropriate dosage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response. By analyzing the propagation relationship between multiple point source snow melting responses, the method identifies the implicit interconnection state of the interface salt solution, the surface snow melting connectivity state, and the response attenuation and breakage location. Based on this, the critical dosage for interconnection and the critical dosage for discharge are determined, achieving accurate determination of the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent. This ensures snow melting efficiency while reducing de-icing agent waste and the environmental impact of salt solution discharge.

[0005] A method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agents based on road surface snow melting response includes the following steps: S1: Set up multiple spaced micro-dosing points in the target road surface snow-covered area, apply the same micro amount of solid snow melting agent to each micro-dosing point, and continuously collect the local snow melting response expansion process formed around each micro-dosing point to generate a point source snow melting response expansion sequence. S2: Based on the point source snow melting response extension sequence, identify the surface snow melting connectivity state, the interface salt solution latent interconnection state, and the response attenuation fracture location between adjacent micro-addition points, and generate the road surface snow melting response propagation capability result; the interface salt solution latent interconnection state is used to characterize whether the salt solution film between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface has formed a continuous transmission channel when the surface of the snow and ice cover layer has not been completely melted. S3: Based on the results of the snow melting response propagation capability of the road surface, determine the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area that can form a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface in adjacent snow melting response areas without forming a continuous salt solution outflow, and take the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area as the appropriate amount of solid de-icing agent to be added.

[0006] Optionally, S1 specifically includes: S11: Within the snow and ice cover area of ​​the target road surface, mark a plurality of micro-dosing points arranged in a regular grid. The center distance between two adjacent micro-dosing points is preset to be determined according to the size of the snow and ice cover area, and the total number of micro-dosing points is set to the number of effective response statistical units that can cover the area. S12: Using a quantitative application device, an equal mass of solid de-icing agent is applied to each of the micro-application points at the start time, and the single application mass deviation between each application point is controlled within the allowable error range of equal quantity. S13: Starting from the initial moment, start the image acquisition device installed above the snow and ice covered area to continuously acquire vertical top-down images of the locations of each micro-dosing point at equal time intervals. S14: Perform image recognition and edge extraction processing on each frame of the vertical top-down image to obtain the radial expansion boundary of the snow melting ring around each application point in each frame of the image, calculate and record the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at the corresponding acquisition time, and generate the point source snow melting response expansion sequence with the acquisition time sequence as the index and the sequence of radial dimensions of the snow melting ring at each application point as the data content.

[0007] Optionally, the duration of the continuous data collection covers at least until the snow melt fronts formed by adjacent application points first converge and merge.

[0008] Optionally, the image recognition and edge extraction processing performed on each frame of the vertical top-down image specifically includes: Each frame of the vertical top-down image is converted to grayscale, and grayscale stretching and enhancement processing is performed on the grayscale image to enhance the grayscale difference between the snow melting area and the ice and snow area. Based on the enhanced grayscale image, identify continuous grayscale change regions and extract the locations where the grayscale change amplitude exceeds the preset edge determination threshold as candidate edge regions; Using the center position of each micro-dosing point as a reference, search for the closed boundary surrounding the center position of the micro-dosing point within the corresponding candidate edge region, and determine the closed boundary with the largest area as the outer boundary contour of the snow melting ring of the corresponding micro-dosing point. When there are discontinuous regions in the closed boundary, contour connection processing and boundary smoothing processing are performed on the discontinuous regions to obtain a complete and continuous outer boundary contour of the snow melting ring.

[0009] Optionally, S2 specifically includes: S21: Retrieve the extended sequence of the point source snow melting response, extract the radial dimensions of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point at different acquisition times, and compare the sum of the radial dimensions of the snow melting ring of two adjacent micro-addition points with the preset distance between the two adjacent micro-addition points in real time; when the sum of the radial dimensions of the snow melting ring is greater than or equal to the preset distance for the first time, it is determined that the two adjacent micro-addition points have reached the surface snow melting connection state, and the cumulative response time corresponding to the determination is recorded; S22: Before the surface snow melting connection state is triggered, based on the rate of change curve of the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point over time, identify whether there is an inflection point in the rate of change curve that changes from a continuous downward trend to a stable trend or an upward trend. S23: Traverse the point source snow melting response extension sequence, locate the response positions where the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point continuously stagnates or shrinks in the time dimension, and the response positions where the snow melting front propagation path between adjacent addition points is interrupted, and mark the response positions as response attenuation break positions. S24: By combining the distribution of the surface snow melting connectivity state, the time of achievement of the interface salt solution latent connectivity state, and the spatial distribution of the response attenuation fracture location, a road snow melting response propagation capability result is generated to characterize the smoothness and obstruction of snow melting response propagation within the target road surface ice and snow covered area.

[0010] Optionally, S22 further includes determining, if the inflection point exists, that under the condition that the ice and snow cover layer has not completely melted on the surface of the ice and snow cover layer, the salt film between the ice and snow cover layer and the road surface has formed a continuous transmission channel, that is, the interface salt solution has reached a state of implicit interconnection, and recording the cumulative response time corresponding to the inflection point.

[0011] Optionally, S24 further includes a comprehensive evaluation of the target road surface snow and ice coverage area based on the distribution of the propagation capability index corresponding to each snow melting propagation unit; the larger the propagation capability index, the smoother the snow melting response propagation; the smaller the propagation capability index, the higher the degree of obstruction to the snow melting response propagation, ultimately forming the road surface snow melting response propagation capability result.

[0012] Optionally, S3 includes identifying the cumulative response time corresponding to the first time that the interface salt solution implicitly connects between each adjacent micro-addition point when the snow melting response propagation capability of the road surface is achieved based on the cumulative response time and the pre-recorded cumulative addition history of solid de-icing agent, and back-calculating the minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area required to form a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface, and marking the minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area as the critical addition amount for connection.

[0013] Optionally, based on the propagation capability of the road surface snow melting response, the spatial distribution of the response attenuation fracture location is located. When the response attenuation fracture location appears at the edge of the snow-covered area and is accompanied by the response characteristic of continuous salt seepage from the edge, it is determined that the snow-covered area has formed a continuous salt outflow state. Based on the cumulative solid de-icing agent dosage history before the occurrence of the continuous salt outflow state, the maximum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area that has not triggered the continuous salt outflow state is calculated, and the maximum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area is marked as the critical dosage for outflow.

[0014] Optionally, S3 further includes determining the appropriate dosage range of the solid snow melting agent by using the critical dosage for penetration as the lower limit of the appropriate dosage and the critical dosage for outflow as the upper limit of the appropriate dosage, and taking the amount of solid snow melting agent per unit area within the appropriate dosage range as the appropriate dosage of the solid snow melting agent or taking the lower limit of the appropriate dosage range as the appropriate dosage of the solid snow melting agent.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention proposes a mechanism for determining the appropriate dosage based on the propagation process of point-source snow melting response. By setting up multiple micro-dosage points within the snow-covered area, multiple independent point-source snow melting responses are formed using the same trace amount of solid snow melting agent. The extended sequences of each point-source snow melting response are continuously acquired. This approach eliminates reliance on traditional methods such as large-area trial application, empirical dosage, or environmental parameter estimation. Instead, it focuses on the actual propagation behavior of the snow melting response on the road surface. By constructing the snow melting response propagation relationship between point sources, the diffusion capacity and action law of solid snow melting agents under different road surfaces and snow conditions can be accurately reflected. This improves the adaptability of the appropriate dosage determination to actual road conditions, making the measurement results more accurate and stable, and reducing the dosage error caused by differences in road conditions in traditional empirical methods.

[0016] This invention proposes an evaluation index based on the latent interconnection state of salt solution at the interface. By analyzing the variation characteristics of the radial dimension change rate curve of the snow melting ring before a continuous salt solution transfer channel has formed between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface, it can identify in advance whether a continuous salt solution transfer channel has been formed between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface. This enables early determination of the snow melting process. Compared with existing technologies that only evaluate based on snow melting area, snow melting speed, or degree of snow melting, this invention can capture the salt solution transfer behavior inside the snow and ice interface that has not yet appeared on the surface. This allows the determination of the appropriate dosage to be based on the actual transfer capacity of the interface layer, avoiding dosage delays or over-dosing caused by waiting for the surface layer to fully melt, and improving the utilization efficiency of the snow melting agent.

[0017] This invention uses the critical dosage required to form a continuous salt solution transfer channel and the critical dosage required to trigger continuous salt solution discharge as the lower and upper limits of the appropriate dosage range, respectively. By using the response propagation capability results to simultaneously constrain snow melting effect and salt solution discharge behavior, a dual-criticality determination mechanism is established that takes into account both snow melting efficiency and environmental impact. This method not only ensures the formation of a stable and continuous salt solution transfer network between the snow and ice cover and the road surface, but also avoids problems such as continuous salt solution discharge, resource waste, road corrosion, and environmental pollution caused by excessive addition of de-icing agents. It realizes the transformation of solid de-icing agent addition from experience-based addition to response-driven precise addition. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the execution steps of S2 in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the execution steps of S3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art may also use other alternative methods to implement the invention. Moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 - Figure 3 As shown, the method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response includes the following steps: S1: Set up multiple spaced micro-dosing points in the target road surface snow-covered area, apply the same micro amount of solid snow melting agent to each micro-dosing point, and continuously collect the local snow melting response expansion process formed around each micro-dosing point to generate a point source snow melting response expansion sequence. S1 specifically includes: S11, obtain the length and width of the snow-covered area, and establish a two-dimensional plane coordinate system within the snow-covered area; then, divide the snow-covered area into regular grids according to a preset center spacing, and set corresponding micro-dosing points at the intersections of each grid; let the length of the snow-covered area be... Width is The preset center spacing is The total number of micro-dosing points for: ; ; ; in, Total number of micro-dosing points, The number of points to be added along the length direction, The number of points to be added in the width direction, The length of the snow-covered area; The width of the area covered by ice and snow; The center-to-center distance between adjacent micro-dosing points. This is for floor function.

[0023] The above method ensures that each micro-addition point evenly covers the entire snow-covered area, so that the subsequent point-source snowmelt response extension sequence can reflect the snowmelt response propagation characteristics of different areas.

[0024] S12, after completing the deployment of micro-application points, a quantitative spreading device is used to simultaneously apply solid de-icing agent to each micro-application point. Let the... The actual application mass at each micro-application point was: The target application quality is Then the application quality deviation satisfies: ; ; in, For the first Application quality deviation at a micro-application point For the first The actual application quality at each micro-dosing point For the target, apply quality. This represents the allowable error range for equal quantities.

[0025] Meanwhile, based on the on-site thickness of the snow and ice cover... Determine the quality grade of single-point application to ensure that all micro-application points receive the same initial conditions for the de-icing agent.

[0026] S13: Immediately after the application of solid de-icing agent is completed, start the image acquisition equipment and perform sampling at fixed time intervals. Take continuous shots.

[0027] Set the data collection time , is represented as: ; in, For collection sequence number, This represents the sampling time interval.

[0028] At each acquisition moment, a vertical top-down image covering all micro-application points is obtained, and the snow melting ring expansion process is continuously recorded.

[0029] Data collection will terminate when any of the following conditions are met: The snow melting fronts corresponding to adjacent micro-dosing points converged and merged for the first time. If the change in the snow melting ring expansion is lower than the preset change threshold within multiple consecutive collection cycles, it is determined that the dissolution and expansion response of the solid snow melting agent tends to a dynamic equilibrium state.

[0030] By continuously collecting complete data on the point source snow melting expansion process, we can provide basic data for subsequent identification of the surface snow melting connectivity, the implicit interconnection of the interface salt solution, and the location of response attenuation fractures.

[0031] S14, perform grayscale enhancement, edge extraction and contour recognition processing on each frame of vertical top view image to determine the outer boundary contour of the snow melting ring around each micro-addition point; The specific scheme involves first converting the color image to a grayscale image for each frame of vertical top-down image, and then using grayscale stretching to enhance the brightness difference between the melted snow area and the unmelted snow area, so that the wet area formed by the melted snow, the salt diffusion area and the surrounding ice and snow area show obvious grayscale contrast; then, using an edge extraction algorithm to detect areas with large grayscale changes, the boundary line between the melted snow area and the ice and snow area is extracted; then, taking the center position of each micro-application point as the starting point, the continuous closed boundary area is searched outward along the edge line, and the largest closed contour connected to the micro-application point and surrounding the center of the application point is identified as the outer boundary contour of the corresponding snow melting ring; for cases where there are local boundary breaks or noise interference, the boundary is completed by contour connection and smoothing processing, so that the snow melting ring forms a complete closed area, and the outer boundary contour of the snow melting ring corresponding to each micro-application point at the current acquisition time is obtained.

[0032] Then, the average radial distance from the boundary of the snow melting ring to the center of the corresponding micro-addition point is calculated, which is taken as the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at that moment: Let the first The micro-addition point at the first The radial dimension of the snow melting ring corresponding to each data acquisition moment is: : ; in, For the first The micro-addition point at the first The radial dimension of the snow melting ring corresponding to each data acquisition moment. For the first The distance from each boundary sampling point to the center of the micro-dosing point This represents the number of boundary sampling points.

[0033] Further construct the first according to the collection time sequence Radial dimension sequence corresponding to each micro-dosing point : ; Finally, the radial dimension sequences corresponding to all micro-addition points are summarized to form a point source snow melting response extended sequence.

[0034] S2: Based on the point source snow melting response extension sequence, identify the surface snow melting connectivity, interface salt solution latent connectivity, and response attenuation fracture location between adjacent micro-addition points, and generate the road surface snow melting response propagation capability results. S2 specifically includes: S21, Read the radial dimension of the snow melting ring corresponding to any two adjacent micro-addition points at each acquisition time from the extended sequence of point source snow melting response; Let the first The micro-dosing point and the first If two micro-dosage points are adjacent, then at the time of data collection... The corresponding surface snow melting degree , is represented as: ; in, For the first At the time of data collection, each micro-dosage point was used. Radial dimension of the snow melting ring below, For the first At the time of data collection, each micro-dosage point was used. The radial dimension of the snow melting ring below.

[0035] The degree of surface snow melting was then compared with the preset distance between two adjacent micro-addition points. Comparison: ; When the above conditions are met for the first time, it is determined that the two adjacent micro-addition points have reached the surface snow melting connection state, and the corresponding collection time is recorded as the surface snow melting connection time. .

[0036] By traversing all adjacent combinations of micro-addition points, the spatial distribution of the surface snow melting connectivity within the snow-covered area is obtained.

[0037] S21 determines whether the snow-melting rings formed by two adjacent micro-application points have contacted or overlapped on the snow and ice surface, thus determining whether the two application points have reached a state of surface snow-melting connectivity. In practice, the radial dimensions of the snow-melting rings of the two adjacent micro-application points at each acquisition moment are first read from the point source snow-melting response extension sequence. For example, if the preset distance between two adjacent micro-application points is 10 cm, and at a certain moment the radius of the snow-melting ring at the first application point is 4 cm and the radius at the second application point is 5 cm, the sum is 9 cm, indicating that the two snow-melting rings have not yet contacted. If at the next moment the radii of the two snow-melting rings become 5 cm and 5 cm respectively, the sum reaches 10 cm, indicating that the edges of the two snow-melting rings are just touching, and it can be determined that the two application points have reached a state of surface snow-melting connectivity. In actual processing, the above judgment needs to be performed on all combinations of adjacent micro-application points one by one, and the time when each group of adjacent micro-application points first reaches a state of surface snow-melting connectivity needs to be recorded. If some adjacent micro-addition points have not been connected, it indicates that the snow melting response in the area is weak or affected by factors such as snow and ice compaction, low road surface temperature, and insufficient salt retention. By summarizing whether each adjacent micro-addition point is connected and the time when the connection occurs, the spatial distribution of the surface snow melting connection status in the snow and ice covered area can be obtained.

[0038] S22, Calculate the rate of change of radial dimension of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point based on the point source snow melting response expansion sequence. , is represented as: ; in, This represents the radial dimension of the snow melting ring corresponding to the previous data acquisition time. , These represent adjacent data acquisition times.

[0039] Further continuous trend analysis of the rate of change curve reveals that when the rate of change curve experiences a sustained decline followed by stabilization or a renewed increase, the corresponding moment is identified as the inflection point of the rate of change. .

[0040] Since the surface snow melting connection has not yet been formed, and the rate of change decay process has stopped in advance, it indicates that a continuous salt solution transfer path has been formed between the snow and ice cover and the road surface, allowing the salt solution to diffuse and transfer in the interface layer. Therefore, the position corresponding to the inflection point of the rate of change is determined as the state of implicit connection of the interface salt solution, and the corresponding cumulative response time is recorded.

[0041] S22 does not wait for the two snow-melting rings to actually contact, but instead determines in advance whether a continuous salt solution transfer channel has been formed between the snow and ice cover and the road surface. Based on the point-source snow-melting response expansion sequence, it statistically analyzes the radial size change of the snow-melting ring at each sampling time for each micro-addition point, and calculates the trend of the snow-melting ring expansion rate between two adjacent sampling times. Typically, when the solid snow-melting agent first takes effect, the snow-melting ring expands rapidly. As the snow-melting agent is gradually consumed, the expansion rate continuously slows down, resulting in an overall downward trend in the rate of change curve. If this downward trend continues, it indicates that the salt solution mainly relies on the snow-melting agent near the addition point for continuous outward diffusion. Subsequently, before the surface snow-melting connection is formed, it is continuously observed whether the rate of change curve shows an inflection point. When the rate of change curve changes from a continuous decline to a relatively stable state or even increases again, it indicates that the expansion of the snow-melting ring no longer relies entirely on the diffusion of the snow-melting agent near the application point, but rather on the continuous replenishment of the leading edge of the snow-melting ring by new salt solution. Since a continuous melting channel has not yet formed on the surface of the snow and ice cover, the newly added salt solution can only come from the continuous salt film already formed between the snow and ice cover and the road surface. That is, although there is still unmelted snow and ice on the surface between two adjacent micro-application points, a continuous salt solution transfer channel has been established at the interface layer, allowing the salt solution to be rapidly transported along the interface layer and continuously replenished to the snow-melting front. The moment when the rate of change curve first shows the above inflection point is defined as the moment of formation of the implicit interconnection state of the interface salt solution, and the corresponding cumulative response time is recorded. This cumulative response time reflects the time required to establish a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover and the road surface.

[0042] S23, perform continuous analysis on the radial dimension sequence of the snow melting ring corresponding to each micro-addition point, when multiple consecutive acquisition cycles meet the following conditions. When the snow melting response stagnates or shrinks at the corresponding location, it is determined that the snow melting response has stopped or contracted.

[0043] in, This represents the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at the current data acquisition moment. This represents the radial dimension of the snow melting ring corresponding to the previous data collection time.

[0044] Simultaneously, the snowmelt propagation path between adjacent micro-application points is tracked. When the snowmelt ring expansion direction between two adjacent micro-application points continuously deviates from the connecting line direction, and no surface snowmelt connectivity is formed within a preset time period, it is determined that the snowmelt front propagation path is interrupted in the corresponding area. The aforementioned snowmelt response stoppage location, snowmelt response contraction location, and propagation path interruption location are uniformly marked as response attenuation crack locations, and their corresponding spatial coordinates are recorded.

[0045] S24, divide the snow and ice covered area into several snow melting propagation units, and count the number of adjacent micro-addition points that reach the surface snow melting connection state, the number of adjacent micro-addition points that reach the interface salt solution latent connection state, and the number of response attenuation fracture locations in each snow melting propagation unit.

[0046] Let the propagation capacity index corresponding to a certain snowmelt propagation unit be . , represented as ; in, To achieve the required number of adjacent micro-dosing points for achieving a connected state of surface snow melting, The number of adjacent micro-dosing points to achieve a state of implicit interconnection of the salt solution interface. In response to the number of attenuation fracture locations, For the first The number of combinations of all adjacent micro-addition points within a snow melting propagation unit.

[0047] Based on the distribution of the propagation capacity index corresponding to each snowmelt propagation unit, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted on the snow and ice coverage area of ​​the target road surface. The larger the propagation capacity index, the smoother the snowmelt response propagation; the smaller the propagation capacity index, the higher the degree of obstruction to the snowmelt response propagation.

[0048] Section S24 first divides the snow and ice covered area into multiple snow melting propagation units based on the distribution of micro-application points. Each snow melting propagation unit consists of several adjacent micro-application points. For each snow melting propagation unit, three aspects of information are statistically analyzed: First, the number of adjacent micro-application point combinations that have reached the surface snow melting connectivity state is counted; a higher number indicates a more continuous snow melting expansion on the snow and ice surface. Second, the number of adjacent micro-application point combinations that have reached the interface salt solution latent connectivity state is counted; a higher number indicates a stronger ability to form a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface. Third, the number of response attenuation break points is counted; a higher number indicates that the snow melting response is more easily interrupted during propagation, indicating propagation obstruction. After completing the statistical analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of each snow melting propagation unit is conducted. If most adjacent micro-application points within a snowmelt propagation unit have achieved surface snowmelt connectivity, and most locations have formed implicit interfacial salt penetration, with almost no response attenuation breaks, then the snowmelt response propagation of this unit is relatively smooth. Conversely, if there are few surface snowmelt connectivity points, few implicit interfacial salt penetration points, and many response attenuation breaks, then the salt penetration within this unit is difficult to achieve continuous propagation, the snowmelt response is easily interrupted, and the propagation capability is poor. Finally, the evaluation results of all snowmelt propagation units are summarized to form the overall snowmelt response propagation capability result for the entire target road surface snow and ice covered area.

[0049] S3: Based on the results of the propagation capacity of the road surface snow melting response, determine the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area that can form a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface in adjacent snow melting response areas without forming a continuous salt solution outflow, and take the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area as the appropriate amount of solid de-icing agent to be added.

[0050] S3 specifically includes: S31. Based on the results of the snow melting response propagation capability of the road surface, the cumulative response time corresponding to the first time that all adjacent micro-addition points reach the implicit interconnection state of the interface salt solution is calculated.

[0051] Let the first The cumulative response time corresponding to the first attainment of the implicit interconnection state of the interfacial salt solution at adjacent micro-dosing points in the group is: Based on the cumulative response time from the start of the test The corresponding cumulative application history of solid de-icing agent within the area is used to calculate the cumulative application amount per unit area. , is represented as: ; in, Cumulative response time The corresponding cumulative mass of solid de-icing agent added within, This refers to the area covered by ice and snow.

[0052] Then, iterate through all adjacent micro-dosing points and select the minimum cumulative dosing amount per unit area that satisfies the requirement for the formation of a hidden interconnected state of salt solution at all interfaces: ; in, The minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area required to form a continuous brine transport channel was determined. Ultimately, the minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area was determined as the critical dosage for achieving continuous flow.

[0053] Based on the road surface snow melting response propagation results generated in S24, section S31 searches for the cumulative response time corresponding to the first achievement of the implicit salt solution interconnection state at each group of adjacent micro-addition points. Since the cumulative addition history of solid de-icing agent has been recorded during the experiment, each cumulative response time corresponds to the cumulative addition amount that has participated in the snow melting reaction. This cumulative addition amount is converted into the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area to obtain the amount of de-icing agent per unit area corresponding to the formation of a continuous salt solution transmission channel at each group of adjacent micro-addition points. The amount of de-icing agent per unit area corresponding to all adjacent micro-addition points is statistically analyzed, sorted in ascending order, and the corresponding positions are verified one by one to see if the implicit salt solution interconnection state has been achieved. When the amount of de-icing agent per unit area is sufficient to ensure the formation of a continuous salt transfer channel between all adjacent micro-application points, and further reducing the dosage would prevent at least one set of adjacent micro-application points from forming a continuous salt transfer channel, this amount of de-icing agent per unit area is determined as the minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area required to form a continuous salt transfer channel; this minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area is marked as the critical penetration dosage. The critical penetration dosage represents the minimum dosage level required for solid de-icing agent to establish a continuous salt transfer network between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface. Below this dosage, the salt transfer channel cannot be continuously formed, and the snow melting response propagation is easily interrupted; when this dosage is reached or exceeded, the salt can propagate continuously at the interface layer.

[0054] S32, based on the results of the snow melting response propagation capacity of the road surface, spatially locate all response attenuation fracture locations and determine whether each response attenuation fracture location is located at the boundary of the snow and ice covered area.

[0055] When brine is continuously migrated from the inside to the outside of the snow-covered area in multiple consecutive sampling cycles at the boundary location, it is determined that a continuous brine discharge state has been formed.

[0056] Let the cumulative response time corresponding to the first occurrence of the continuous brine efflux state be . Based on the cumulative application history of solid de-icing agent before the occurrence of continuous salt solution discharge, the cumulative application amount per unit area is calculated. , is represented as: ; in, Cumulative response time The corresponding cumulative mass of solid de-icing agent added before, This refers to the area covered by ice and snow.

[0057] The cumulative dosage per unit area is taken as the maximum allowable dosage of solid de-icing agent per unit area when the continuous salt solution discharge state is not triggered, and marked as the critical dosage for discharge.

[0058] S33, combining the critical dosage for through-flow and critical dosage for out-of-flow, establishes the appropriate dosage range for solid de-icing agents: ; in, This refers to the dosage of solid de-icing agent per unit area. To achieve the critical dosage. This is the critical dosage for external discharge.

[0059] When the practical application focuses on ensuring that a continuous salt solution transfer channel is formed between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface as soon as possible, the critical dosage for penetration is taken as the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent; when the practical application needs to take into account different road grades, traffic loads or operational safety requirements, any amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area within the appropriate dosage range is selected as the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent.

[0060] The final output is the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent for the target road surface, which will serve as the recommended dosage standard for subsequent de-icing operations on that target road surface.

[0061] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Set up multiple spaced micro-dosing points in the target road surface snow-covered area, apply the same micro amount of solid snow melting agent to each micro-dosing point, and continuously collect the local snow melting response expansion process formed around each micro-dosing point to generate a point source snow melting response expansion sequence. S2: Based on the point source snow melting response extension sequence, identify the surface snow melting connectivity, interface salt solution latent interconnection, and response attenuation fracture location between adjacent micro-addition points, and generate the road surface snow melting response propagation capability result. S3: Based on the results of the snow melting response propagation capability of the road surface, determine the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area that can form a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface in adjacent snow melting response areas without forming a continuous salt solution outflow, and take the amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area as the appropriate amount of solid de-icing agent to be added.

2. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes: S11: Within the snow and ice cover area of ​​the target road surface, mark a plurality of micro-dosing points arranged in a regular grid. The center distance between two adjacent micro-dosing points is preset to be determined according to the size of the snow and ice cover area, and the total number of micro-dosing points is set to the number of effective response statistical units that can cover the area. S12: Using a quantitative application device, an equal mass of solid de-icing agent is applied to each of the micro-application points at the start time, and the single application mass deviation between each application point is controlled within the allowable error range of equal quantity. S13: Starting from the initial moment, start the image acquisition device installed above the snow and ice covered area to continuously acquire vertical top-down images of the locations of each micro-dosing point at equal time intervals. S14: Perform image recognition and edge extraction processing on each frame of the vertical top-down image to obtain the radial expansion boundary of the snow melting ring around each application point in each frame of the image, calculate and record the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at the corresponding acquisition time, and generate the point source snow melting response expansion sequence with the acquisition time sequence as the index and the sequence of radial dimensions of the snow melting ring at each application point as the data content.

3. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 2, characterized in that, The duration of continuous data collection shall extend at least until the snow melt fronts formed by adjacent application points first converge and merge.

4. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 2, characterized in that, The image recognition and edge extraction processing performed on each frame of the vertical top-down image specifically includes: Each frame of the vertical top-down image is converted to grayscale, and grayscale stretching and enhancement processing is performed on the grayscale image to enhance the grayscale difference between the snow melting area and the ice and snow area. Based on the enhanced grayscale image, identify continuous grayscale change regions and extract the locations where the grayscale change amplitude exceeds the preset edge determination threshold as candidate edge regions; Using the center position of each micro-dosing point as a reference, search for the closed boundary surrounding the center position of the micro-dosing point within the corresponding candidate edge region, and determine the closed boundary with the largest area as the outer boundary contour of the snow melting ring of the corresponding micro-dosing point. When there are discontinuous regions in the closed boundary, contour connection processing and boundary smoothing processing are performed on the discontinuous regions to obtain a complete and continuous outer boundary contour of the snow melting ring.

5. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: S21: Retrieve the extended sequence of the point source snow melting response, extract the radial dimensions of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point at different acquisition times, and compare the sum of the radial dimensions of the snow melting ring of two adjacent micro-addition points with the preset distance between the two adjacent micro-addition points in real time; when the sum of the radial dimensions of the snow melting ring is greater than or equal to the preset distance for the first time, it is determined that the two adjacent micro-addition points have reached the surface snow melting connection state, and the cumulative response time corresponding to the determination is recorded; S22: Before the surface snow melting connection state is triggered, based on the rate of change curve of the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point over time, identify whether there is an inflection point in the rate of change curve that changes from a continuous downward trend to a stable trend or an upward trend. S23: Traverse the point source snow melting response extension sequence, locate the response positions where the radial dimension of the snow melting ring at each micro-addition point continuously stagnates or shrinks in the time dimension, and the response positions where the snow melting front propagation path between adjacent addition points is interrupted, and mark the response positions as response attenuation break positions. S24: By combining the distribution of the surface snow melting connectivity state, the time of achievement of the interface salt solution latent connectivity state, and the spatial distribution of the response attenuation fracture location, a road snow melting response propagation capability result is generated to characterize the smoothness and obstruction of snow melting response propagation within the target road surface ice and snow covered area.

6. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 5, characterized in that, S22 further includes determining, if the inflection point exists, that under the condition that the ice and snow cover layer has not completely melted on the surface of the ice and snow cover layer, the salt film between the ice and snow cover layer and the road surface has formed a continuous transmission channel, that is, the interface salt solution has reached the implicit interconnection state, and recording the cumulative response time corresponding to the inflection point.

7. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 5, characterized in that, S24 further includes a comprehensive evaluation of the target road surface snow and ice coverage area based on the distribution of the propagation capability index corresponding to each snow melting propagation unit; the larger the propagation capability index, the smoother the snow melting response propagation; the smaller the propagation capability index, the higher the degree of obstruction to the snow melting response propagation, and finally forming the road surface snow melting response propagation capability result.

8. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes identifying the cumulative response time corresponding to the first time that the interface salt solution implicitly connects between adjacent micro-addition points when the snow melting response propagation capability of the road surface is achieved based on the cumulative response time and the pre-recorded cumulative addition history of solid de-icing agent, and back-calculating the minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area required to form a continuous salt solution transfer channel between the snow and ice cover layer and the road surface, and marking the minimum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area as the critical addition amount for connection.

9. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the propagation results of the road surface snow melting response, the spatial distribution of the response attenuation fracture location is located. When the response attenuation fracture location appears at the edge of the snow-covered area and is accompanied by the response characteristic of continuous salt seepage from the edge, it is determined that the snow-covered area has formed a continuous salt outflow state. Based on the cumulative solid de-icing agent dosage history before the occurrence of the continuous salt outflow state, the maximum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area that has not triggered the continuous salt outflow state is calculated, and the maximum amount of solid de-icing agent per unit area is marked as the critical dosage for outflow.

10. The method for determining the appropriate dosage of solid de-icing agent based on road surface snow melting response according to claim 8, characterized in that, S3 further includes determining the appropriate dosage range of the solid snow melting agent by using the critical dosage for penetration as the lower limit of the appropriate dosage and the critical dosage for outflow as the upper limit of the appropriate dosage. The dosage of solid snow melting agent per unit area within the appropriate dosage range is taken as the appropriate dosage of the solid snow melting agent, or the lower limit of the appropriate dosage range is taken as the appropriate dosage of the solid snow melting agent.

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