A prefabricated pipeline rapid construction method based on a BIM three-dimensional model

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on BIM three-dimensional model's fabricated pipeline rapid construction method, comprising: obtaining building main structure measured data;BIM three-dimensional model including pipeline system and support hanger system is constructed based on measured data, and pipeline comprehensive arrangement and collision optimization are carried out;Based on the model after optimization, each component of pipeline is accurately calculated, and each component is allocated unique digital identification;According to the identification and processing drawing, each component is standardized prefabricated in factory one pipe one fitting;Prefabricated component is transported to construction site, and modular assembly is carried out according to the order of digital identification.The application realizes zero field cutting, zero secondary hole by whole-process digital management and control, provides installation data for robot installation, improves pipeline installation precision and construction efficiency, reduces material loss and labor cost, and is suitable for water supply and drainage, gas, fire protection, air conditioning heating and other multi-category pipeline fabricated standardized construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building electromechanical piping construction technology, specifically to a rapid construction method for prefabricated piping based on BIM three-dimensional models, applicable to the combined installation of one or more of water supply and drainage pipes, gas pipes, fire protection pipes, and air conditioning and heating pipes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the traditional construction process for building electromechanical pipelines (including water supply and drainage, gas, fire protection, air conditioning, etc.) in China generally adopts the following process: pre-reserving holes during the construction of the main structure → on-site re-measurement of hole positions → manual opening, cleaning, and correction of holes → on-site measurement of pipe dimensions by craftsmen → on-site manual material cutting and piping → on-site assembly and installation.

[0003] This traditional method has several inherent drawbacks. First, the positions of holes left during the civil construction phase often deviate significantly, requiring manual re-drilling, cleaning, and correction later. These processes are not only tedious and time-consuming but also damage the wall structure, generating substantial construction noise and dust pollution. Second, pipe cutting relies entirely on experienced workers' on-site measurements and cuts, making it difficult to control human error. This often results in inconsistent pipe lengths and mismatched fittings, leading to significant material waste. Third, disordered on-site material cutting and haphazard splicing result in chaotic pipe layouts and inconsistent elevations, easily leading to problems such as cross-cutting and misaligned installations of different professional pipes. Fourth, due to the accumulation of errors at each stage, the rework rate remains high, with frequent occurrences of problems such as water seepage, air leaks, uneven pipe stress, and failure to pass inspection. Fifth, this construction method is highly dependent on experienced technicians, resulting in high labor costs and long construction cycles. It cannot be standardized or scaled up for widespread adoption, failing to meet the construction requirements of modern prefabricated buildings.

[0004] In summary, traditional pipeline construction techniques are crude, outdated, and have a low tolerance for error. The industry urgently needs a new construction method that is standardized, precise, requires no on-site material preparation, eliminates the need for secondary hole repairs, and enables rapid assembly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a rapid construction method for prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A rapid construction method for prefabricated piping based on a BIM 3D model includes the following steps: acquiring measured data of the main building structure; constructing a BIM 3D model containing a piping system and a support system based on the measured data, and performing integrated pipeline layout and collision optimization on the model; accurately calculating the materials for each component constituting the piping system based on the optimized BIM 3D model, and assigning a unique digital identifier to each component; prefabricating each component in a standardized manner in a factory according to the digital identifier and the corresponding processing drawings; transporting the prefabricated components to the construction site, and assembling them modularly according to the order of the digital identifiers.

[0007] Through the above steps, this invention achieves end-to-end digital management and control from site survey to final installation. Acquiring measured data ensures the accuracy of the model, providing a reliable foundation for all subsequent stages. Constructing a BIM 3D model and performing clash optimization allows for the early detection and resolution of pipeline conflicts in a virtual environment, avoiding on-site rework common in traditional construction. Precise material calculation and unique numbering ensure that each component has a clear location, eliminating material waste and the risk of misassembly. Standardized prefabrication in the factory guarantees the processing accuracy and quality consistency of the components. Finally, modular assembly according to numbered sequence greatly simplifies the complexity of on-site construction and reduces reliance on the experience of technical personnel.

[0008] Furthermore, the pipeline integrated layout and collision optimization steps include: automatically detecting spatial interference between pipelines of different disciplines and between pipelines and building structures in the BIM 3D model, and adjusting the routing, elevation, and spacing of each pipeline accordingly. Its advantage lies in that automated collision detection allows for a comprehensive review of all potential interference issues before construction begins, eliminating the need for manual verification of drawings, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of layout, and fundamentally preventing pipeline conflicts on site.

[0009] Furthermore, the step of accurately calculating materials and assigning a unique digital identifier to each component includes: automatically generating the length of each pipe section, the specifications of each pipe fitting, and the dimensional data of each set of supports and hangers based on the BIM 3D model, and generating a material list and processing drawings containing the digital identifiers. Its advantage lies in the fact that the material calculation process is entirely model-driven, with accuracy far exceeding that of manual measurement. The generated material list and processing drawings strictly correspond to the model, providing a precise basis for factory prefabrication and achieving zero-error material calculation.

[0010] Furthermore, the standardized prefabrication process in the factory includes: precisely cutting, welding, and applying anti-corrosion treatment to pipes and profiles according to the processing drawings, and classifying and packaging the completed components according to the digital identifiers. The advantage is that the standardized production environment in the factory ensures the processing accuracy and quality consistency of each component, and the classification and packaging method allows for quick location of the required components during on-site construction, avoiding on-site material searching and mis-packaging.

[0011] Furthermore, the modular assembly step according to the order of digital identification includes: after cleaning and calibrating the construction site, sequentially installing supports, pipe sections, and fittings with corresponding digital identification, and then fixing and sealing them. Its advantage is that on-site construction becomes a simple assembly according to numbers, eliminating the need for experienced workers to perform complex measurements and judgments. Ordinary workers can be competent after simple training, greatly reducing labor costs and reliance on experience, while ensuring installation quality and speed.

[0012] Furthermore, the method is applicable to the installation of one or more combined types of water supply and drainage pipes, gas pipes, fire protection pipes, and air conditioning and HVAC pipes. Its advantage lies in its good versatility, covering almost all types of piping systems in building electromechanical engineering, and achieving unified and standardized construction of multi-disciplinary piping systems.

[0013] Furthermore, prior to the modular assembly step, the process includes: controlling automated installation equipment via data interface to perform the gripping, handling, and preliminary positioning of certain components based on the positioning data in the BIM 3D model. The advantage is that introducing automated equipment can further improve construction efficiency and accuracy, reduce the labor intensity of manual handling and positioning, and is particularly suitable for the installation of large and heavy components, representing an important step towards intelligent construction.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: a pre-reserved hole positioning device generated based on the BIM 3D model, used to accurately reserve pipe installation holes during the main building construction phase, thereby eliminating the need for secondary hole drilling or repair on-site. Its advantage lies in addressing the problem at the main construction stage, resolving the traditional problem of pre-reserved hole deviation from the source, completely eliminating the subsequent cumbersome hole drilling, cleaning, and alignment processes, and significantly simplifying the construction process.

[0015] Furthermore, the reserved hole positioning device is a fixed and precise reserved hole model ruler for the bathroom drainage layout. The shape and size of this model ruler match the location of the corresponding drainage pipe penetration hole in the floor slab in the BIM 3D model. Its advantage lies in providing a simple and practical dedicated tool for the bathroom drainage scenario, which is most prone to problems. The model ruler can be precisely fixed to the template, ensuring that the position and size of the reserved hole are completely consistent with the design, greatly improving the accuracy of drainage pipe installation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall construction process of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the BIM 3D model construction and optimization process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of using a model ruler to precisely reserve a hole for the bathroom drainage system in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a rapid construction method for prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models. This method is applicable to the water supply, drainage and fire protection pipeline installation project of a high-rise residential community.

[0021] The first step is on-site surveying. After the construction team arrives on site, they use a 3D laser scanner to conduct a comprehensive on-site measurement of the main building structure, obtaining the actual dimensions of walls, beams, slabs, columns, floor heights, and the precise locations of holes reserved during the civil construction phase. This measured data forms the original basis for subsequent modeling. Its advantage lies in ensuring the realism and accuracy of the model, avoiding model failure due to discrepancies between drawings and the actual site.

[0022] The second step is BIM 3D modeling and optimization. Based on the acquired measured data, a BIM 3D model containing water supply and drainage pipes, fire protection pipes, and their supporting support systems is constructed using Revit software. In the model, a collision detection function is run to automatically identify spatial interference points between pipes and between pipes and beams / columns. In this embodiment, a total of 27 potential collision points were detected, including issues such as elevation conflicts between the main fire protection pipe and the water supply branch pipe, and improper placement of drainage horizontal pipes through beams. Subsequently, the designers uniformly adjusted the routing, elevation, and spacing of each pipeline in the model, ultimately obtaining a collision-free optimal layout model. Its advantage lies in the fact that all problems are resolved in a virtual environment, avoiding the drawbacks of traditional construction where problems are discovered on-site and work is halted for rectification.

[0023] The third step is precise material calculation and unique identification. From the optimized BIM 3D model, the length of each pipe section, the specifications of elbows and tees, the number of flange gaskets, and the dimensions of each set of supports are automatically exported. The system generates a unique QR code number for each individual component and associates this number with the component's installation location, system, and specifications, forming a complete material list and fabrication drawings. Its advantages include zero error in material calculation and each component having its own unique "identity card," providing clear guidance for subsequent factory prefabrication and on-site installation.

[0024] The fourth step is standardized prefabrication in the factory. The material list and processing drawings are sent to the partner factory. According to the drawings, the factory precisely cuts, threads, and welds flanges onto galvanized steel pipes and plastic-lined steel pipes, and cuts, drills, and applies anti-corrosion treatment to the supports and hangers. All completed components are labeled with corresponding QR codes, categorized by floor and system, and packaged in dedicated transport pallets. The advantages are that the precision of mechanized processing in the factory is far higher than that of manual operation on-site, and it is unaffected by weather and site conditions, ensuring the stability and consistency of component quality.

[0025] The fifth step is on-site modular assembly. After the components arrive on site, construction workers first clean the work surface and verify the building's elevation baseline and axis. Once confirmed, workers use handheld terminals to scan the QR codes on the components to confirm their installation positions. Then, following the numerical order from smallest to largest, the supports, connecting pipe sections, and fittings are installed sequentially. Since all components are prefabricated in the factory, only bolt tightening and pipe connections are required on-site; no cutting or welding is necessary. The entire installation process is as simple and quick as assembling building blocks. Its advantages include an on-site construction efficiency increase of approximately 60% compared to traditional methods, and a significant reduction in the technical requirements for workers.

[0026] In this embodiment, specifically, a data docking robot is introduced before the modular assembly step. Positioning data from the BIM model is imported into an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) and a collaborative robot via a data interface. The AGV transports pallets of components with designated numbers from the stacking area to the vicinity of the installation point, while the collaborative robot, based on the positioning data, grasps heavy pipe sections and lifts them to the installation elevation, assisting workers in alignment and fixing. Its advantages include further reducing manual labor for workers and improving the accuracy and safety of installing large components.

[0027] Example 2 like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment one, except that the generation and application steps of the reserved hole positioning device are added, which is mainly for the installation of bathroom drainage pipes.

[0028] In this embodiment, after completing the BIM 3D modeling and optimization, a pre-reserved hole positioning device was generated based on the location data of the drainage pipe's hole penetrating the floor slab in the model. This device is a fixed metal model ruler whose shape and size perfectly match the shape of the pre-reserved hole for the drainage pipe penetrating the floor slab. During the main building structure construction phase, when the carpenters erect the floor slab formwork, the model ruler is fixed to the formwork according to the coordinates provided by the BIM model, and then concrete is poured. After the concrete solidifies, the formwork is removed, leaving the model ruler in the floor slab, forming a precise pre-reserved hole.

[0029] In this embodiment, specifically: the pre-reserved hole positioning device is a fixed, precise pre-reserved hole model ruler for the bathroom drainage unit. The main body of the model ruler is a cylindrical structure, and its outer diameter matches the outer diameter of the drainage riser plus the thickness of the insulation layer. The bottom of the model ruler has a positioning flange with screw holes for fixing it to the template. The top of the model ruler has a removable cap to prevent concrete slurry from entering the interior. Before pouring, construction personnel use a total station to accurately position the model ruler according to the coordinate data provided by the BIM model, ensuring that the positional deviation of the model ruler is controlled within ±2mm.

[0030] By precisely pre-reserving holes during the main construction phase, the cumbersome processes of secondary drilling, cleaning, and alignment required in traditional construction due to deviations in pre-reserved holes are completely eliminated. This not only saves significant labor and material costs but also avoids damage to the floor structure caused by later drilling, thus improving waterproofing quality. Especially for areas like bathrooms with extremely high waterproofing requirements, precisely pre-reserved holes can fundamentally prevent leaks caused by inadequate sealing around pipes.

[0031] Example 3 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiments 1 and 2, except that the applicable pipe type and application scenario are different.

[0032] This example is applied to the installation of air conditioning, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) and gas pipelines in a large commercial complex. The complex has a building area of ​​150,000 square meters and includes various business formats such as shopping malls, office buildings, and hotels. The pipeline system is extremely complex and has very high requirements for fire safety and airtightness.

[0033] During the BIM modeling phase, in addition to conventional water supply, drainage, and fire protection pipes, this embodiment also incorporated air conditioning ducts, chilled water pipes, condensate pipes, and gas pipes into the same model for comprehensive layout. Due to the involvement of numerous disciplines, clash detection identified over 80 interference points, the most prominent being insufficient clearance between air ducts and gas pipes in the mall's public areas. The designers repeatedly adjusted the model, ultimately determining a reasonable layered layout: placing the gas pipes on the innermost side above the ceiling, the chilled water and condensate pipes in the center, and the air ducts on the outermost side near the air outlets, maintaining a safe distance compliant with regulations.

[0034] During the material calculation and numbering stages, this embodiment also manages the numbering of all welds in the gas pipeline. Each weld corresponds to a unique number, which is linked to welder information, welding parameters, and non-destructive testing results. This enables full lifecycle traceability of gas pipeline welding quality and meets the stringent requirements of special equipment safety management.

[0035] During the on-site assembly phase, the air conditioning chilled water pipes have a large diameter (maximum DN400), with each pipe weighing over 200 kg. Therefore, this embodiment fully utilizes the data docking robot described in Embodiment 1. Two collaborative robots work together: one handles gripping and transporting, while the other aligns and supports the pipes. Workers only need to tighten the flange bolts. The advantages are that it significantly improves installation speed and ensures precise positioning of heavy pipes in confined spaces, avoiding potential damage and safety accidents caused by manual handling.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid construction method for prefabricated pipelines based on BIM 3D models, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain measured data of the main building structure; Based on the measured data, a BIM 3D model including the piping system and the support system is constructed, and the model is subjected to integrated pipeline layout and collision optimization. Based on the optimized BIM 3D model, the materials of each component constituting the pipeline system are accurately calculated, and a unique digital identifier is assigned to each component. Based on the digital identification and corresponding processing drawings, each component is prefabricated in a standardized manner in the factory; The prefabricated components are transported to the construction site and assembled in a modular fashion according to the order of the digital identifiers.

2. The method for rapid construction of prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of pipeline integrated layout and collision optimization include: automatically detecting spatial interference between pipelines of different disciplines and between pipelines and building structures in the BIM three-dimensional model, and adjusting the direction, elevation and spacing of each pipeline accordingly.

3. The method for rapid construction of prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of accurately calculating materials and assigning a unique digital identifier to each component include: automatically generating the length of each pipe section, the specifications of each pipe fitting, and the size data of each set of supports and hangers based on the BIM 3D model, and generating a material list and processing drawings containing the digital identifier.

4. The method for rapid construction of prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for standardized prefabrication in the factory include: precisely cutting, welding, and anti-corrosion treating pipes and profiles according to the processing drawings, and classifying and packaging the completed components according to the digital identification.

5. The rapid construction method for prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of modular assembly according to the order of digital identification include: after cleaning and calibrating the construction site, installing the supports, pipe sections and fittings with corresponding digital identification in sequence, and fixing and sealing them.

6. The method for rapid construction of prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is applicable to the installation of one or more of the following: water supply and drainage pipes, gas pipes, fire protection pipes, and air conditioning and heating pipes.

7. The method for rapid construction of prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to the modular assembly step, the process also includes: controlling a data docking robot through data docking, enabling it to perform the grasping, handling, and preliminary positioning of some components based on the positioning data in the BIM 3D model.

8. The method for rapid construction of prefabricated pipelines based on BIM three-dimensional models according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the BIM 3D model, a pre-reserved hole positioning device is generated to accurately reserve pipe installation holes during the main building construction stage, thereby eliminating the need for secondary hole opening or repair procedures on site.

9. A rapid construction method for prefabricated pipelines based on a BIM three-dimensional model according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reserved hole positioning device is a fixed and precise reserved hole model ruler for the bathroom drainage unit type. The shape and size of the model ruler match the position of the corresponding drainage pipe hole penetrating the floor slab in the BIM three-dimensional model.

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