Precise pollution source tracing method and system based on source-path-sink mechanism chain

Abstract

The application provides a pollution source accurate tracing method and system based on a source-path-sink mechanism chain, relates to the field of intelligent environmental protection, and comprises the following steps: acquiring pollution source data and hazard receptor data of a watershed, measuring the influence range of each pollution source on different environmental elements, matching target hazard receptors in the influence range, and constructing a source-path-sink generalization relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element according to the pollution source and the corresponding target hazard receptors; continuously monitoring each receptor node in the relationship chain, and when the monitoring data of the receptor node meets the pollutant abnormality condition, determining a suspected pollution source set according to the pollution source in the corresponding chain; screening the target pollution source by combining the control data with the suspected pollution source set, generating an enforcement clue according to the target pollution source, realizing the tracing of the pollution source according to the constructed relationship chain, making the tracing result of the non-site enforcement have mechanism explainability and provability, accurately locking the pollution source, and improving the enforcement accuracy and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart environmental protection, and more specifically, to a method and system for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain in the field of smart environmental protection. Background Technology

[0002] In watershed water ecological environment management, when water quality at a section exceeds standards or online monitoring data shows anomalies, it is necessary to quickly and accurately locate the pollution source causing the anomaly in order to carry out enforcement. Traditional on-site enforcement relies on law enforcement personnel to conduct investigations one by one, which suffers from high labor costs, slow response, and limited coverage. With the increasing number of polluting entities, the "needle in a haystack" style of investigation is no longer sufficient to meet the requirements of precise pollution control and rapid response.

[0003] In recent years, "non-site enforcement" has developed, using online monitoring, video surveillance, and electricity and water consumption monitoring to remotely detect problems. However, existing technologies still have significant shortcomings in the source tracing stage, from "detecting anomalies" to "locating pollution sources." Current source tracing methods mostly rely on simple spatial proximity matching, that is, drawing a circle or buffer zone with a fixed radius centered on the anomaly point and listing all polluting entities within the circle as suspects. This method does not consider the actual migration patterns of pollutants. For example, water pollutants are transported downstream along rivers. A simple circular buffer will miss pollution sources located far upstream that have indeed discharged into that section of the river, and will also mistakenly include unrelated entities located downstream or near unconnected water bodies. The source tracing results are inaccurate, unexplainable, and difficult to use as evidence for enforcement. Therefore, how to accurately locate pollution sources to improve the accuracy and efficiency of enforcement has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and system for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain. This method combines the "generation-migration-hazard" mechanism of pollutants with spatial calculations to obtain a generalized source-path-sink relationship chain. Source tracing is then carried out based on this generalized relationship chain, making the source tracing results of off-site law enforcement mechanistically interpretable and verifiable, thereby accurately locating pollution sources and improving the accuracy and efficiency of law enforcement.

[0005] Firstly, a method for precise source tracing based on source-path-sink mechanism chains is provided. This method includes: acquiring pollution source data and hazard receptor data within a target watershed; determining the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element based on the pollution source data; for each environmental element's impact range, determining the hazard receptors falling within the impact range based on hazard receptor data to obtain the target hazard receptors; constructing a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by using the pollution source corresponding to the impact range as the source node, the migration path from the pollution source to the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, thus obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element; and applying the generalized source-path-sink relationship chain to each environmental element. Each receptor node in the chain performs pollutant anomaly monitoring. When the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the pollution source corresponding to the source node in the source-path summarization relationship chain where the monitoring data of the receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions is located is marked as a suspected pollution source to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources. Based on the control data, the suspected pollution sources in the set of suspected pollution sources are screened to obtain the target pollution source. The control data includes at least one of the permitted emission limits, actual emissions, and auxiliary data. Enforcement clues are generated based on the target pollution sources and output. The enforcement clues include the identifier of the target pollution source, the source-path summarization relationship chain where the target pollution source is located, the time period of the anomaly, and the suggested verification items.

[0006] The above technical solution can determine the impact range of each pollution source under different environmental factors and screen the target hazard receptors falling within each impact range. A source-path-sink generalized relationship chain can be constructed based on each impact range and its corresponding target hazard receptor. This chain fully reflects the complete transmission logic of pollutants from the pollution source, through various environmental media, and ultimately acting on the hazard receptor. When monitoring data with receptor nodes meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, precise pollution source tracing can be achieved based on the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain. Target pollution sources with a high probability of causing pollutant anomalies can be identified from among various pollution sources, and enforcement clues can be generated and output based on these target pollution sources, thus facilitating precise enforcement by law enforcement personnel. In this way, this application combines the pollutant "generation-migration-hazard" mechanism with spatial calculation to obtain the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain. Based on this chain, the environmental impact of pollutant diffusion can be predicted along the forward path from the pollution source to the target hazard receptor. By following the reverse path from the target hazard receptor to the pollution source, pollution source tracing can be carried out, making the source tracing results of off-site law enforcement mechanistically explainable and verifiable, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of law enforcement.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element is determined based on pollution source data, including: for each pollution source, determining the evaluation level of the pollution source on each environmental element according to the attributes of the pollution source; generating the surface geometry of the impact range in a metric local projection space with the coordinates of the pollution source as the origin, and inversely projecting the surface geometry back to the geographic coordinate system to obtain the target map corresponding to the pollution source; and determining the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element based on the evaluation level of the pollution source on each environmental element and the target map.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, the buffer calculation of the affected area is carried out in the metric space with the pollution source as the origin, avoiding the distance distortion caused by buffering directly in latitude and longitude, and ensuring the consistency of distance calculation accuracy based on meters throughout the entire watershed.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the environmental element includes the water environment. When the environmental element is the water environment, the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element is determined based on the evaluation level of the pollution source and the target map. This includes: obtaining the point source and river segment relationship data corresponding to the pollution source to determine the receiving river segment associated with the pollution source; if the pollution source has an associated receiving river segment, determining the upstream length threshold and downstream length threshold based on the evaluation level of the water environment corresponding to the pollution source; determining the impact range of the water environment corresponding to the pollution source in the target map based on the water system topology data, receiving river segment, upstream length threshold, and downstream length threshold; if the pollution source does not have an associated receiving river segment, determining the impact range of the water environment corresponding to the pollution source based on the coordinates of the pollution source and a preset radius.

[0010] Through the above technical solutions, the path topology of this application is real, the transport length is graded and quantified, the river width is adaptively buffered, and the guidelines are fully based. Therefore, the influence range of the generated water environment can objectively characterize the maximum spatial boundary that water pollutants can migrate to in surface water bodies, that is, the transportable range. The influence range of the water environment is distributed from upstream to downstream along the real river network, accurately reflecting the transportable range of water pollutants.

[0011] In one possible implementation, environmental elements include atmospheric environment, soil environment, or acoustic environment. When the environmental elements are atmospheric environment, soil environment, or acoustic environment, the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element is determined based on the evaluation level and target map corresponding to each environmental element. This includes: obtaining the extension distance corresponding to the environmental element based on the environmental element and evaluation level; determining the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element on the target map based on the plant interface and extension distance when the pollution source has a corresponding plant interface; and determining the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element on the target map based on the coordinates and extension distance of the pollution source when the pollution source does not have a corresponding plant interface.

[0012] Using the above methods, the resulting atmospheric, soil, or acoustic environmental impact ranges can objectively characterize the maximum spatial boundary that pollutants can reach, i.e., the diffusion reach. Furthermore, in the absence of a corresponding plant interface, the impact range is automatically downgraded to a circular area, preventing null values ​​from being calculated.

[0013] In one possible implementation, for each pollution source, the evaluation level of the pollution source corresponding to each environmental element is determined according to the attributes of the pollution source. This includes: for each pollution source, determining the evaluation level corresponding to each environmental element according to the attributes of the pollution source and the classification judgment rules corresponding to each environmental element. The attributes include type code, whether it is a key polluting unit, whether it is located in a key air control area, whether it is an industrial source, whether it is a sewage treatment facility, whether it is a livestock and poultry breeding facility, whether it is a risk source, and whether the discharge outlet has at least one of direct discharge or discharge into a river.

[0014] By combining the above schemes with the classification rules corresponding to the pollution source attributes and various environmental elements, the evaluation level is determined separately to achieve differentiated judgment of the impact of multiple factors, making the evaluation level more refined and objective.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the suspected pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set are screened based on the control data to obtain the target pollution source, including: determining the suspicion level of each suspected pollution source in the suspected pollution source set based on the control data; and identifying the suspected pollution sources with a suspicion level greater than the suspicion level threshold as the target pollution sources.

[0016] The above methods can be used to identify target pollution sources through threshold screening, effectively eliminating low-susceptibility suspected pollution sources. This reduces invalid work orders while improving the efficiency and accuracy of source tracing and identification, ensuring that the final identified target pollution sources are interpretable and verifiable.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the precise source tracing method for pollution sources based on the source-pathway-sink mechanism chain also includes: when the monitoring data of the receiver node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the upstream river segment of the receiver node whose monitoring data meets the pollutant anomaly conditions is determined according to the water system topology data; the upstream river segment is identified as the pollution source of the receiving river segment as the suspected pollution source, so as to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources.

[0018] Compared to a fixed circular buffer, this application uses water system topology data to trace pollutant sources, which can trace back along the actual river network. It can include pollution sources that are far upstream but have actually discharged into the water, while excluding irrelevant units downstream and those not connected to the water body, thus ensuring that the suspected pollution sources are more accurate.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the environmental elements include at least one of the water environment, atmospheric environment, soil environment and acoustic environment. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the water environment includes river sections, control sections, monitoring sections, control units and aquatic risk receptors within the influence range. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the atmospheric environment and soil environment include residential areas, cultivated land and terrestrial risk receptors within the influence range. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the acoustic environment includes residential areas and acoustic environment risk receptors within the influence range.

[0020] The above approach can establish hazard receptor data corresponding to different environmental elements, accurately match the objects affected by pollution, and facilitate impact assessment and risk classification by element, thereby improving the relevance of the subsequent source-path-sink generalization relationship chain.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the precise source tracing method based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain further includes: generating impact range data for different environmental elements corresponding to each pollution source based on the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain, evaluation level, impact range, and target hazard receptor of each pollution source on different environmental elements; generating a storage table corresponding to each tenant based on the impact range data corresponding to different tenants, with a one-to-one correspondence between tenants and storage tables; and / or performing layered rendering based on the impact range corresponding to each environmental element to generate a 3D map and displaying the 3D map; upon receiving a pollution source selection instruction, retrieving and displaying the impact range of all environmental elements of the pollution source corresponding to the pollution source selection instruction in the 3D map; upon receiving an impact range selection instruction, retrieving and displaying the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to the impact range selection instruction in the 3D map, and displaying detailed information on the pollution source, migration pathway, and hazard receptor corresponding to the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain.

[0022] The above solution allows for the creation of independent storage tables for each tenant, storing their respective impact range data. This achieves multi-tenant data isolation, facilitating access control, independent querying, and operational management. Simultaneously, it generates 3D maps based on layered rendering of the impact range of each environmental element. Furthermore, it supports selecting pollution sources to display their corresponding impact ranges, and selecting impact ranges to retrieve corresponding source-path summaries and display detailed information on pollution sources, migration pathways, and hazardous receptors. This provides a three-dimensional and intuitive presentation of the entire pollution transmission process, efficiently supporting pollution impact assessment and source tracing.

[0023] Secondly, this paper provides a precise pollution source tracing system based on the source-pathway-sink mechanism chain. The system includes a data acquisition module, a range determination module, a receptor determination module, a relationship chain determination module, a tracing module, a screening module, and a clue generation module. The data acquisition module acquires pollution source data and hazardous receptor data within the target watershed. The range determination module determines the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element based on the pollution source data. The receptor determination module, based on the hazardous receptor data, identifies the hazardous receptors falling within the impact range for each environmental element, thus obtaining the target hazardous receptors. The relationship chain determination module constructs a source-pathway-sink generalized relationship chain by using the pollution source corresponding to the impact range as the source node, the migration path from the pollution source to the target hazardous receptor as the path node, and the target hazardous receptor as the receptor node, thereby obtaining the source-pathway-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element. The tracing module monitors pollutant anomalies at each receptor node in the source-path summation chain. When monitoring data from a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly criteria, the pollution source corresponding to the source node in the source-path summation chain containing that receptor node is marked as a suspected pollution source, thus obtaining a set of suspected pollution sources. The screening module filters the suspected pollution sources in the set based on control data to obtain target pollution sources. Control data includes at least one of permitted emission limits, actual emissions, and auxiliary data. The clue generation module generates enforcement clues based on the target pollution sources and outputs these clues. Enforcement clues include the target pollution source identifier, the source-path summation chain in which the target pollution source is located, the time period of the anomaly, and suggested verification items. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a first schematic flowchart of a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a second schematic flowchart of a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 This is a third schematic flowchart of a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the impact range of the water environment on a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment. Figure 6 This is a fourth schematic flowchart of a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 This is the fifth schematic flowchart of a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment; Figure 8 This is the sixth schematic flowchart of a precise source tracing method for pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 This is a usage scenario diagram of a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a precise pollution source tracing system based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions in this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0026] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0027] In the management of watershed aquatic ecological environment, when the water quality at a section exceeds the standard or online monitoring data shows abnormalities, it is necessary to quickly and accurately locate the pollution source causing the abnormality in order to carry out law enforcement. Traditional on-site law enforcement relies on law enforcement personnel to investigate one by one, which has the problems of high labor costs, slow response, and limited coverage. With the increasing number of polluting units, the "needle in a haystack" style investigation is no longer able to meet the requirements of precise pollution control and rapid response.

[0028] In recent years, "non-on-site law enforcement" has been developed to remotely detect problems through online monitoring, video surveillance, and electricity and water consumption monitoring. However, existing technologies still have significant shortcomings in the source tracing process from "detecting anomalies" to "locating the pollution source".

[0029] First, existing source tracing methods mostly rely on simple spatial proximity matching, that is, drawing a circle or buffer zone with a fixed radius centered on the anomaly point and listing all polluting entities within the circle as suspects. This approach does not consider the actual migration patterns of pollutants. For example, water pollutants are transported downstream along the river channel. A simple circular buffer will miss pollution sources located far upstream that have indeed discharged into that section of the river, and will also mistakenly include irrelevant entities located downstream or near unconnected water bodies. The source tracing results are inaccurate, unexplainable, and difficult to use as evidence for law enforcement.

[0030] Secondly, existing methods mostly target single environmental elements (such as water only), lacking unified modeling of multiple elements such as water, atmosphere, soil, and sound, and failing to reflect the complete picture of the harm caused by the same pollution source to different receptors through different pathways.

[0031] Finally, existing methods typically only output a list of suspected entities, lacking a complete mechanistic chain of "how pollutants are generated from their sources, through what pathways they migrate, and which receptors they harm." They also lack automatic cross-verification with data such as permitted emissions, electricity and water consumption, and management records. Law enforcement officers still need a lot of manual analysis to form usable law enforcement leads.

[0032] Therefore, how to accurately pinpoint pollution sources in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of law enforcement has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0033] To address the above issues, this application provides a method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on the source-pathway-sink mechanism chain.

[0034] The following section will elaborate on the precise source tracing method for pollution sources based on the source-pathway-sink mechanism chain proposed in this application: Figure 1 This application provides a method for precise source tracing of pollution based on a source-path-sink mechanism chain, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step 01: Obtain pollution source data and hazard receptor data within the target watershed.

[0035] Specifically, the target watershed refers to the designated area for pollution monitoring and source tracing and control.

[0036] Pollution source data records basic information about various pollution sources. For example, pollution source data is stored in a pollution source information table, which includes pollution source identifier, unit name, geographical coordinates (longitude and latitude), pollution source type, industry category, permitted emission volume, actual emission volume, treatment process, emission standards, emission patterns, whether it is a key polluting unit, whether it is located in a key air pollution control area, and the geometric boundary of the plant. In some embodiments, the pollution source type can be stored in the pollution source data as a Chinese name (such as "industrial source", "large-scale livestock and poultry farming", "centralized sewage treatment facility", "risk source"), and normalized to type codes 1, 2, 3, and 4 according to a preset mapping to avoid ambiguity in classification.

[0037] Hazard receptors are protected targets within a target watershed that may be affected by pollution sources and cause environmental damage. Hazard receptor data is data that records basic information about hazard receptors. For example, hazard receptor data includes control units, residential / administrative areas, cultivated land (planting activity areas), aquatic risk receptor lists, terrestrial risk receptor lists, and environmental risk receptor lists (classified and graded by water / air / noise), etc.

[0038] Therefore, it is first necessary to obtain pollution source data and hazard receptor data within the target watershed in order to identify the pollution sources present in the target watershed, as well as the hazard receptors that will be affected by the pollution sources and cause environmental damage.

[0039] In addition, discharge outlet data can be obtained, including discharge outlet number, discharge method (direct discharge / indirect discharge / river discharge outlet), receiving water body, river discharge outlet coordinates, and name of centralized sewage treatment facility.

[0040] Step 02: Determine the scope of impact of each pollution source on each environmental element based on the pollution source data.

[0041] Specifically, environmental elements include at least one of the water environment, atmospheric environment, soil environment, and acoustic environment. The scope of impact can be understood as the range of pollution of a certain environmental element by a pollution source, which has corresponding coordinate information, such as the geographical scope of pollution of the water environment by a pollution source.

[0042] For each pollution source, based on the pollution source data, the diffusion distance of pollutants generated by the pollution source in environmental elements such as water, air, and soil is calculated to determine the scope of the impact of each pollution source on various environmental elements.

[0043] Step 03: For the influence range of each environmental element, based on the hazard receptor data, determine the hazard receptors that fall within the influence range to obtain the target hazard receptors.

[0044] Specifically, based on the hazard receptor data, the coordinates of each hazard receptor can be determined. Then, the spatial intersection of the influence range of each "pollution source × environmental element" (the influence range of the pollution source and environmental element coupled in pairs) and the hazard receptor data is performed to determine all hazard receptors falling within the influence range corresponding to each pollution source. The hazard receptors falling within the influence range are the target hazard receptors. At the same time, the shortest distance from the target hazard receptor to the pollution source point can also be calculated (this can be calculated under the metric local projection).

[0045] The hazard receptor data corresponding to different environmental elements may differ. For example, environmental elements include at least one of the following: water environment, atmospheric environment, soil environment, and acoustic environment. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the water environment includes river sections, control sections, monitoring sections, control units, and aquatic risk receptors within the influence range. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the atmospheric and soil environments includes residential areas, cultivated land, and terrestrial risk receptors within the influence range. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the acoustic environment includes residential areas and acoustic environment risk receptors within the influence range.

[0046] Specifically, it can identify receiving river sections, control sections, monitoring sections, and control units within the impact area, and add a summary of the aquatic risk receptor list for the entire region and items containing the category "water" in the environmental risk receptor list to obtain the target hazard receptors corresponding to the aquatic environment. It can identify residential / administrative areas and terrestrial risk receptors within the impact area. For soil elements, it also matches cultivated land (planting activity areas) according to townships within the area, and adds items of the corresponding category in the environmental risk receptor list to obtain the target hazard receptors corresponding to the atmospheric or soil environment. It can identify residential areas or administrative areas within the impact area and items containing the category "noise" in the environmental risk receptor list to obtain the target hazard receptors corresponding to the acoustic environment.

[0047] In this way, hazard receptor data corresponding to different environmental elements can be established, accurately matching the objects affected by pollution. At the same time, it is convenient to carry out impact assessment and risk classification by element, and improve the pertinence of the subsequent source-path-sink generalized relationship chain.

[0048] Step 04: Construct a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, so as to obtain the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element.

[0049] Specifically, after identifying the target hazard receptors corresponding to each area of ​​influence, the migration pathways between the pollution sources and the target hazard receptors corresponding to the areas of influence can also be obtained.

[0050] Next, for each area of ​​influence, the following actions are performed: the pollution source corresponding to the area of ​​influence is designated as the source node; the migration path from the pollution source to the target hazard receptor within the area of ​​influence is designated as the pathway node; and the target hazard receptor is designated as the receptor node. Then, a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain is constructed based on the source node, pathway node, and receptor node. In this way, a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain for each pollution source with respect to each environmental element can be obtained. That is, for a single pollution source, one environmental element generates one source-path-sink generalized relationship chain; multiple environmental elements correspond to multiple source-path-sink generalized relationship chains. This facilitates the accurate determination of the pollution propagation path of the pollution source across different environmental elements, the potential hazard receptors it may damage, and the specific geographical area affected, based on the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain.

[0051] The source-pathway-sink generalized relationship chain can be represented by a set of nodes (nodes) and a set of edges (edges). Nodes carry a type field (kind), which can be one of source, path, or sink node. Edges carry labels to carry information such as source strength, migration amount, and distance. Sink nodes are receptor nodes whose monitoring data meet the abnormal pollutant conditions.

[0052] Please combine Figure 2 Taking the water environment as an example, one source-pathway-sink generalization chain is as follows: Source node (pollution source) → Pathway node (wastewater treatment facility) → Pathway node (discharge outlet within the plant, indicating discharge method and receiving water body) → (when it is indirect discharge, via pathway node (centralized sewage treatment facility)) → Pathway node (sewage discharge outlet into the river) → Pathway node (receiving river section, indicating river length, flow rate, and water quality target) → Receptor node (each hazard receptor); the labels include, for example, "Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) generated 120 t / a", "discharge after treatment", "into the river", "transport along the path 4.2 km", etc. The atmospheric environment, soil environment, and acoustic environment construct corresponding pathway node sequences. For example, the pathway node sequence for the atmospheric environment is: treatment facility → exhaust stack / unorganized emissions → atmospheric diffusion. The pathway node sequence for the soil environment is: sedimentation / leakage / sewage irrigation / leaching → topsoil accumulation. The path node sequence of the acoustic environment is: equipment sound source → factory boundary → distance attenuation.

[0053] Thus, the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain can be used positively for predicting the impact of "source → sink" and negatively for accurate source tracing of "sink → source," without the need to build a separate model for source tracing. At the same time, this application can perform unified modeling of multiple elements. The source-path-sink generalized relationship chain of four elements—water, air, soil, and noise—can be established simultaneously for the same pollution source, comprehensively depicting the environmental impact of the pollution source.

[0054] Step 05: Perform pollutant anomaly monitoring on each receptor node in each source-path-sink generalized relation chain. If the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, mark the pollution source corresponding to the source node in the source-path-sink generalized relation chain where the monitoring data of the receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions as a suspected pollution source, so as to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources.

[0055] Specifically, the monitoring data includes the coordinates, geometry, and real-time or historical water quality status of the control section, monitoring section / point.

[0056] Pollutant anomalies refer to abnormal discharges or water / air quality exceeding control thresholds, where the concentration, total discharge, or emission pattern of pollutants in various environmental media deviates from the normal range. Pollutant anomaly conditions are the criteria set to determine whether pollutant anomalies have occurred; for example, pollutant concentrations significantly exceeding control thresholds.

[0057] After establishing the source-path-sink generalization chain, pollutant anomaly monitoring can be performed on each receptor node in the chain to obtain monitoring data. If the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, such as pollutant exceeding standards, sudden concentration increases, or deviations from model predictions, the receptor node is identified as a sink node. Then, reverse source tracing is performed based on the sink node. Pollutants corresponding to source nodes in the source-path-sink generalization chain are marked as suspected sources to obtain a set of suspected sources. This allows for source tracing based on the sink node. It should be noted that the number of suspected sources in the suspected source set is variable, and can be one or more, determined specifically by the number of suspected sources.

[0058] Step 06: Based on the control data, screen the suspected pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set to obtain the target pollution sources. The control data includes at least one of the following: permitted emission limits, actual emissions, and auxiliary data.

[0059] Specifically, the control data refers to real-time pollution discharge supervision information, which is used to reflect the actual pollution discharge level and compliance status of pollution sources. The control data includes at least one of the following: permitted emission limits, actual emission volume, and auxiliary data. The auxiliary data may include electricity consumption, water consumption, environmental management ledgers, production conditions, etc.

[0060] After identifying the set of suspected pollution sources, the suspected pollution sources in the set can be cross-verified by combining the control data of the period when the pollution source anomaly occurred. That is, screening can be carried out to screen out the suspected pollution sources that actually caused this pollutant anomaly from the set of suspected pollution sources, and obtain the target pollution source.

[0061] For example, during screening, the suspicion level of each suspected pollution source in the suspected pollution source set can be determined based on control data, and a suspicion level threshold can be preset. Suspicion level is a comprehensive indicator that quantitatively represents the likelihood that a suspected pollution source will cause an abnormal water pollutant event. If any one or more of the following conditions are met simultaneously for a suspected pollution source: a sudden increase in electricity consumption, exceeding emission permits, or conflicts in ledger and online data, the suspicion level of the pollution source can be increased accordingly based on the number of conditions met. For example, the suspicion level of the pollution source can be determined based on the number of conditions met. Alternatively, a stratified score can be assigned in advance according to the inherent control attributes of the pollution source, setting a corresponding base score for each type of suspected pollution source. The stratification criteria can include whether the pollution source is a key discharge unit, whether it involves the characteristic pollutants of this water body, whether it is located in the catchment area of ​​the incident, and the source type (industrial / sewage treatment plant / livestock farming). The higher the control risk, the higher the base score. Then, a unified score is set for each abnormal clue (1 point is added for each clue), and the total number of abnormal clues that match the pollution source is checked and counted. Finally, the degree of suspicion is determined by the sum of the bonus points for all correctly identified abnormal clues and the sum of the base score. Alternatively, the formula for calculating the degree of suspicion is: Suspicion level = base score + ∑ (differentiated weight score of a single abnormal clue × clue hit mark) + spatial-contaminant matching correction score; The base score is a fixed score based on the pollution source control level and risk attributes. Differentiated clue weighting: Clues are assigned weights according to their strength of evidence for water pollution incidents: strong evidence such as continuous online exceedances and emissions exceeding permits are assigned high weights, while weak evidence such as a slight increase in electricity consumption and minor fluctuations in raw materials are assigned low weights; Clue hits are marked with a binary value, 1 for a hit and 0 for a miss; Spatial-pollutant matching correction score: Points are added or deducted based on whether the pollution source is located in the catchment area on the left or right bank of the incident section, whether the sewage discharge process produces the pollutants with the characteristics of this anomaly, and the distance from the river: if the source is within the catchment area and the pollutants match, positive correction points are added; if the source is far from the river section and there is no corresponding polluting process, correction points are deducted.

[0062] Next, suspected pollution sources with a suspicion level greater than a suspicion threshold are identified as target pollution sources, while low-suspicion suspected pollution sources are directly eliminated without generating enforcement leads, thus reducing invalid work orders. Therefore, it can be understood that there can be one or more target pollution sources. In this way, target pollution sources can be identified through threshold screening, effectively eliminating low-suspicion suspected pollution sources. This reduces invalid work orders while improving the efficiency and accuracy of source tracing and identification, ensuring that the finally identified target pollution sources are interpretable and verifiable.

[0063] Step 07: Generate enforcement leads based on the target pollution source and output the enforcement leads. The enforcement leads include the identification of the target pollution source, the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain where the target pollution source is located, the time period of the anomaly, and the suggested verification items.

[0064] Specifically, after identifying the target pollution source, enforcement leads can be generated based on it. These leads include the target pollution source's identifier and name, an evidence chain consisting of a source-pathway relationship chain encompassing the target pollution source, the time period of the anomaly, and suggested verification items. The evidence chain visually presents the entire chain of pollutants from the target pollution source, through which they migrate, and affect the anomalous receptors. Suggested verification items are generated based on the characteristic pollutants, treatment processes, and emission patterns of the target pollution source. For example, they could be used to verify the operation logs of anoxic / aerobic (A / O) processes or the online equipment at the wastewater discharge outlet of a wastewater discharge unit (e.g., the DW001 discharge outlet). Enforcement leads can be pushed to the enforcement terminal for enforcement personnel to conduct precise verification.

[0065] When there are multiple target pollution sources, they can be prioritized for investigation by law enforcement personnel in descending order of their suspicion level. This allows officers to focus on investigating the companies with the highest suspicion and the most inconsistencies, addressing the question of which to investigate first when multiple sources coexist. In some embodiments, high-suspicion target pollution sources (i.e., suspicion exceeding a preset threshold) can also have multiple supporting points of contention attached to the enforcement leads (e.g., exceeding emission permits, abnormal electricity usage, discrepancies in records), making it clear to law enforcement personnel that the company's problems are more prominent and the focus of on-site investigations is more specific.

[0066] In this way, this application can automatically generate actionable law enforcement leads. After reverse tracing identifies a suspected pollution source, it automatically cross-references the data with emission permits, electricity and water usage records, and ledgers, outputting a lead list that includes the target suspected source, the chain of evidence, the time period, and suggested verification items. This significantly reduces the amount of manual analysis and improves the efficiency and accuracy of off-site law enforcement.

[0067] The pollution source tracing method based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain of this application can determine the impact range of each pollution source under different environmental factors and screen the target hazard receptors falling within each impact range. A source-path-sink generalized relationship chain is then constructed based on each impact range and its corresponding target hazard receptor. This generalized relationship chain fully reflects the complete transmission logic of pollutants from the pollution source, through various environmental media, and ultimately acting on the hazard receptor. When monitoring data with receptor nodes meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, precise pollution source tracing can be completed based on the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain. Target pollution sources with a high probability of causing pollutant anomalies can be identified from among various pollution sources, and enforcement clues can be generated and output based on the target pollution sources, thereby facilitating precise enforcement by law enforcement personnel. Thus, this application combines the pollutant "generation-migration-hazard" mechanism with spatial calculation to obtain the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain. Based on this chain, the environmental impact of pollutant diffusion can be predicted along the forward path from the pollution source to the target hazard receptor. By following the reverse path from the target hazard receptor to the pollution source, pollution source tracing can be carried out, making the source tracing results of off-site law enforcement mechanistically explainable and verifiable, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of law enforcement.

[0068] Please see Figure 3 In some implementations, step 02: determining the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element based on pollution source data, including: Step 021: For each pollution source, determine the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element based on the attributes of the pollution source; Step 022: Generate the surface geometry of the area of ​​influence in the metric local projection space with the coordinates of the pollution source as the origin, and back-project the surface geometry back to the geographic coordinate system to obtain the target map corresponding to the pollution source. Step 023: Determine the scope of the pollution source's impact on each environmental element based on the evaluation level and target map corresponding to each environmental element.

[0069] Specifically, the attributes of pollution sources can first be summarized into several markers, including type code, whether it is a key polluting unit, whether it is located in a key air pollution control area, whether it is an industrial source, whether it is a sewage treatment facility, whether it is a livestock and poultry breeding facility, whether it is a risk source, and whether the discharge outlet has at least one of direct discharge or discharge into the river.

[0070] Simultaneously, pre-defined classification rules are used for each environmental element. For example, the classification rules for the atmospheric environment are: key polluting units (industrial sources or located in key air pollution control areas) are classified as Level 1; industrial sources or wastewater treatment facilities are classified as Level 2; and the rest are classified as Level 3. The classification rules for the water environment are: key polluting units or those with direct discharge into rivers are classified as Level 1; general direct / indirect discharges are classified as Level 2; and zero discharges or indirect discharges without river outlets are classified as Level 3. The classification rules for the soil environment are: industrial sources or risk sources that are key polluting units are classified as Level 1; industrial sources / wastewater treatment facilities / livestock farming are classified as Level 2; and the rest are classified as Level 3. The classification rules for the acoustic environment are: industrial sources that are key polluting units are classified as Level 1; industrial sources or wastewater treatment facilities are classified as Level 2; and the rest are classified as Level 3. The above rules and the corresponding distance thresholds for each level are centrally configured in the rule set, allowing for overall parameter adjustments and recalculation without modifying the program logic.

[0071] Then, perform the following operations for each source of pollution: Based on the attributes of the pollution source and the corresponding classification rules for each environmental element, the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element is determined. For example, if the pollution source is an industrial source and a key pollutant discharge unit, then the corresponding atmospheric environmental evaluation level is Level 1, the water environmental evaluation level is Level 1, the soil environmental evaluation level is Level 1, and the noise environmental evaluation level is Level 1. In this way, by combining the pollution source attributes with the corresponding classification rules for each environmental element, the evaluation level is determined separately to achieve differentiated assessment of the impact of multiple elements, making the evaluation level more precise and objective.

[0072] To ensure consistent accuracy in distance calculations using meters across the entire watershed, this application does not directly conduct buffer zone analysis based on latitude and longitude coordinates. Instead, it constructs an azimuthal equidistant projection (AEQD) using the longitude and latitude coordinates of the pollution source as the origin, enabling forward and reverse conversions between the geographic coordinate system and the metric plane coordinate system. The operation process is as follows: First, the relevant geographic geometry of the pollution source is converted to the metric plane. Then, a buffer zone is constructed on this plane with a set radius, generating the surface geometry of the impact area. Subsequently, the surface geometry is inversely converted back to the geographic coordinate system to obtain the pollution source impact area displayed on the map. The overall area is calculated using geodetic methods based on an ellipsoid, with the unit of measurement being square kilometers.

[0073] To ensure consistent accuracy of meter-based distances across the entire watershed, this application does not directly buffer in latitude and longitude coordinates. Instead, it constructs an azimuth-equidistant projection with the current pollution source coordinates (longitude lon, latitude lat) as the origin, resulting in forward and inverse transformations from the geographic coordinate system to the metric plane coordinate system. Specifically, the process involves constructing an azimuth-equidistant projection with the pollution source coordinates (longitude and latitude) as the origin, transforming the geometry involved in the calculation from the geographic coordinate system to the metric plane coordinate system under this azimuth-equidistant projection, performing a buffering operation in the metric plane coordinate system to generate the surface geometry of the affected area, and then inversely transforming the result back from the metric plane coordinate system to the geographic coordinate system. This ensures that the distance-based buffer half-width is in meters and maintains consistent distance accuracy across the entire watershed. In this way, the target map corresponding to the pollution source can be obtained.

[0074] Next, the extension distance can be determined based on the evaluation level of each environmental element corresponding to the pollution source. Then, with the pollution source as the core and the extension distance as the diffusion distance, the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element can be determined in the target map.

[0075] In this way, the buffer calculation of the impact range is carried out in the metric space with the pollution source as the origin, avoiding the distance distortion caused by buffering directly in latitude and longitude, and ensuring the consistency of distance calculation accuracy based on meters throughout the entire watershed.

[0076] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, when the environmental element is aquatic environment, step 023: determining the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element based on the evaluation level and target map corresponding to each environmental element, including: Step 0231: Obtain the relationship data between the point source and the river section corresponding to the pollution source in order to determine the receiving river section associated with the pollution source; Step 0232: In the case of receiving river sections where pollution sources are associated, determine the upstream length threshold and downstream length threshold according to the water environment evaluation level corresponding to the pollution source; Step 0233: Based on the water system topology data corresponding to the pollution source, the receiving river section, the upstream length threshold, and the downstream length threshold, determine the corresponding impact range of the water environment in the target map; Step 0234: In the case where there is no associated receiving river section of the pollution source, determine the corresponding impact range of the water environment based on the coordinates of the pollution source and the preset radius.

[0077] Among them, the point source and river section relationship data records the correlation between pollution sources, discharge outlets, sewage discharge outlets into rivers, receiving river sections, and control sections.

[0078] The river system topology data is stored in the river segment table, with fields including river segment self-encoding, river segment geometry, downstream river segment self-encoding, upstream river segment self-encoding, channel length, river width, average flow rate, average flow velocity, water quality target, etc.; river segments form a directed topology through the downstream / upstream self-encoding fields.

[0079] Specifically, when the environmental element is water environment, the approach to determining the scope of impact is as follows: the water area and shoreline from a certain distance upstream to a certain distance downstream of the sewage outlet, with the downstream length determined by the scale of discharge and the scale of the water body.

[0080] In one embodiment, pollutants migrate downstream, and the upstream reverse dispersion range has an inherent upper limit, independent of the scale of pollution discharge; therefore, a fixed distance is used. Downstream, pollutants are continuously transported with the runoff, and the migration distance is affected by the intensity of pollution discharge and the assessment level; therefore, the length is defined by grade. Consequently, the upstream length threshold can be set to a fixed value, while the downstream length threshold can be set according to the assessment level. For example, the upstream length threshold is 500 meters, and the downstream length thresholds include 15,000 meters, 10,000 meters, and 5,000 meters, where 15,000 meters corresponds to assessment level one, 10,000 meters to assessment level two, and 5,000 meters to assessment level three, with a shoreline width of 200 meters.

[0081] When determining the scope of impact, first obtain the data on the relationship between the point source and the river section corresponding to the pollution source, so as to determine the receiving river section associated with the pollution source.

[0082] In cases where receiving river sections are associated with pollution sources, upstream and downstream length thresholds are determined based on the water environment assessment level corresponding to the pollution sources. For example, in the case of assessment level one, the upstream length threshold is 500 meters, and the downstream length threshold is 15,000 meters.

[0083] Next, please combine Figure 5 Starting with the receiving river segment, the algorithm traces downstream segment by segment along the river segment table in the river system topology data, accumulating the river length until the accumulated length reaches the downstream length threshold or the end of the river network. Simultaneously, it traces upstream segment by segment along the upstream length threshold, thus identifying the target river segment in the target map and obtaining the set of river segments involved in the influence range. Then, for the linear geometry of each target river segment, the buffer half-width is calculated as max(river width / 2, preset lower limit) + bank width. This buffer half-width is determined by the larger of the river channel half-width and the preset lower limit, plus the bank width. Next, based on the buffer half-width and the linear geometry of all target river segments, the corresponding water area and bank surface geometry are determined in the target map. The water area and bank surface geometry corresponding to each target river segment are then merged to obtain the target water area and target bank surface geometry. The influence range of the water environment is then determined based on the target water area and target bank surface geometry.

[0084] In cases where there is no associated receiving river section with a pollution source (e.g., the pollution source is a zero-emission enterprise), the impact range of the pollution source on the water environment is determined based on the coordinates of the pollution source and a preset radius. Specifically, the impact range is defined as a circular area centered on the pollution source coordinates with a preset radius (e.g., 500 meters). In this case, the preset radius can be marked as an empirical value in the method code field.

[0085] Thus, the entire process strictly follows the unidirectional hydraulic transport law of rivers, and the topological tracking path closely matches the actual hydrological conditions. This application statistically calculates and accumulates the transport distance segment by segment along the actual river channel and the upstream and downstream topological relationships, fully following the vector river channel to handle situations such as river network bifurcation, tributary confluence, and main stream bends. Pollutants are limited to migration along the river water body, and the path closely matches the actual water flow channel, without any unreasonable cross-land diffusion. At the same time, the upstream length threshold only considers a fixed 500m for diffuse backflow, while the downstream length threshold sets different transport distances according to the pollution discharge capacity corresponding to the evaluation level. The larger the discharge volume, the longer the tracked river section, quantifying the limit distance of pollutant transport. The buffer half-width (i.e., buffer half-width) is dynamically calculated according to the actual width of the river channel, simultaneously including the water area and the coastal land area: the water area accurately matches the river surface range, and the shoreline covers the river beach, riverbank soil, and sensitive points along the shore, meeting the specifications of environmental impact assessment for integrated water and land evaluation. Different river widths can be adapted to corresponding buffer widths, resulting in higher spatial calculation accuracy compared to a fixed uniform width. Meanwhile, when there is no receiving river section (zero discharge, no external discharge), it automatically downgrades to an empirical circular range, so there will be no null values ​​in the calculation, and the logic is self-consistent throughout the entire scenario.

[0086] Based on the above steps, the path topology of this application is real, the transport length is graded and quantified, the river width is adaptively buffered, and the guidelines are fully based. Therefore, the influence range of the generated water environment can objectively characterize the maximum spatial boundary that water pollutants can migrate to in surface water bodies, that is, the transportable range. The influence range of the water environment is distributed from upstream to downstream along the real river network, accurately reflecting the transportable range of water pollutants.

[0087] Please see Figure 6 In some implementations, when the environmental element is one of the atmospheric environment, soil environment, and acoustic environment, step 023: Based on the evaluation level and target map corresponding to each environmental element, determine the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element, including: Step 0235: Obtain the extension distance corresponding to the environmental elements based on the environmental elements and the evaluation level; Step 0236: When there is a corresponding plant interface for the pollution source, determine the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element in the target map based on the plant interface and the extension distance. Step 0237: In the absence of a corresponding plant interface for the pollution source, determine the impact range of the pollution source on various environmental elements on the target map based on the coordinates and extension distance of the pollution source.

[0088] The plant interface defines the external outline of the plant area and serves as the spatial boundary for calculating the noise impact range. Specifically, when the environmental element is atmospheric, soil, or acoustic, the corresponding extension distances for different environmental elements at the same evaluation level can be the same or different. For example, in the atmospheric environment evaluation levels, Level 1 corresponds to an extension distance of 5000 meters, Level 2 to 2500 meters, and Level 3 to 1000 meters. In the soil environment evaluation levels, Level 1 corresponds to an extension distance of 1000 meters, Level 2 to 500 meters, and Level 3 to 200 meters. In the acoustic environment evaluation levels, Level 1 corresponds to an extension distance of 200 meters, Level 2 to 100 meters, and Level 3 to 50 meters.

[0089] When a pollution source has a corresponding plant interface, the impact range of the pollution source on various environmental elements is determined on the target map based on the plant interface and its extension distance. Specifically, the impact range is determined on the target map with the plant interface as the extension center and the extension distance as the buffer distance. If the pollution source does not have a plant interface geometry, a circular buffer is drawn with the pollution source coordinates as the center and the extension distance as the radius; the resulting circle represents the impact range.

[0090] It should be noted that, for the atmospheric environment, there is generally no corresponding plant interface. The impact range of the pollution source on the atmospheric environment is usually determined on the target map based on the coordinates and extension distance of the pollution source (e.g., emission source). In a certain embodiment, if the pollution source corresponding to the atmospheric environment has a complete plant area (plant interface) vector surface, to fully cover all unorganized and organized emission impacts from the plant area, the plant interface is used as a buffer benchmark, and the buffer radius still adopts the extension distance corresponding to the atmospheric environment's evaluation level. For the soil environment and the acoustic environment, there are generally corresponding plant interfaces.

[0091] In this way, the influence range corresponding to the generated atmospheric, soil, or acoustic environments can objectively characterize the maximum spatial boundary that pollutants can reach, i.e., the diffusion reach. Meanwhile, in the absence of a corresponding plant interface, the influence range automatically downgrades to a circular area, preventing null values ​​from being calculated.

[0092] Therefore, the scope of impact in this application is not generated using a fixed circular buffer, but is defined based on the extension distance, evaluation level, and geographical characteristics of each environmental element. Especially for the water environment, the evaluation scope is distributed along the actual upstream and downstream topology of the receiving river section, accurately reflecting the transport patterns of water pollutants. The source tracing results have a mechanistic basis and can be directly used as evidence in law enforcement.

[0093] Please see Figure 7 In some implementations, step 04: after constructing a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, and obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element, the precise pollution source tracing method further includes: Step 08: If the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, determine the upstream river segment of the receptor node whose monitoring data meets the pollutant anomaly conditions based on the water system topology data. Step 09: Identify the upstream river section as the source of pollution in the receiving river section as a suspected pollution source to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources.

[0094] Specifically, in addition to the source-path-sink generalization relationship chain, suspected pollution sources can also be identified based on water system topology data.

[0095] When monitoring data from a receiver node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the upstream river segment of that receiver node is determined based on the river system topology data. Next, the upstream river segment of the receiver node is identified from the point source-river segment relationship data. Then, this upstream river segment is identified as a suspected pollution source, thus obtaining a set of suspected pollution sources.

[0096] It should be noted that the two methods of using source-path-sink generalization relationship chains for pollutant source tracing and using water system topology data for pollutant source tracing can be used simultaneously or either method can be used alone. When using both methods, the obtained set of suspected pollution sources should be deduplicated. That is, when the same pollution source is identified as a suspected pollution source by both methods and duplicate records are generated in the set of suspected pollution sources, the duplicate items should be removed and only one record should be retained.

[0097] Thus, compared to a fixed circular buffer, this application uses water system topology data to trace pollutant sources, which can trace back along the actual river network, include pollution sources that are far upstream but have actually discharged into the water, and exclude irrelevant units downstream and near unconnected water bodies, thereby ensuring that the suspected pollution sources are more accurate.

[0098] Please see Figure 8In some implementations, step 04: after constructing a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, and obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element, the precise pollution source tracing method further includes: Step 10: Generate data on the impact range of different environmental elements corresponding to each pollution source based on the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain, evaluation level, impact range, and target hazard receptor of each pollution source on different environmental elements; Step 11: Generate a storage table for each tenant based on the impact range data corresponding to different tenants, with a one-to-one correspondence between tenants and storage tables.

[0099] Specifically, for a single pollution source, independent impact range data is generated for each environmental element. This impact range data may include the geometry of the impact range surface, evaluation level, impact range determination method and explanation, calculation parameters, source-pathway-sink generalized relationship chain, major pollutants, a list of target hazardous receptors, the number of receptors, and receptor summaries. This impact range data is uniquely constrained by "pollution source identifier + environmental element," meaning one impact range data point per element for each pollution source. The system traverses all pollution sources across the entire watershed, calculates data in batches, and stores it in the database, forming a source-pathway-sink knowledge base covering the entire watershed.

[0100] This application can be applied to multi-tenant watershed management systems. In this system, based on the impact range data corresponding to different tenants, a storage table can be generated for each tenant. There is a one-to-one correspondence between tenants and storage tables; that is, the impact range data is stored in separate tables for each tenant (the table name is composed of the base table name followed by the tenant suffix). During runtime, the system dynamically constructs the storage table suffix based on the tenant identifier of the currently logged-in user to locate the corresponding tenant's storage table, thus avoiding cross-tenant table errors.

[0101] In this way, independent storage tables can be created for each tenant and the corresponding scope of influence data can be stored, realizing multi-tenant data isolation and facilitating access control, independent querying and operation and maintenance management.

[0102] Please see Figure 8 In some implementations, step 04: after constructing a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, and obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element, the precise pollution source tracing method further includes: Step 12: Render the map in layers according to the influence range of each environmental element to generate a 3D map and display the 3D map. Step 13: Upon receiving the pollution source selection instruction, retrieve and display the influence range of all environmental elements of the pollution source corresponding to the pollution source selection instruction in the 3D map; Step 14: Upon receiving the influence range selection instruction, retrieve and display the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to the influence range selection instruction in the 3D map, and display the detailed information of the pollution source, migration path, and hazardous receptor corresponding to the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain.

[0103] Specifically, The impact range is rendered in layers based on environmental elements (e.g., water is blue, atmosphere is purple, soil is brown, and sound is cyan) to generate and display a 3D map. This application can also retrieve the impact range of each environmental element corresponding to the pollution source, generate sub-element layer control items, and support users to select display layers by environmental element and adjust layer transparency.

[0104] When a user selects a pollution source, this application can receive the pollution source selection instruction. At this time, the influence range of all environmental elements corresponding to the pollution source selection instruction can be retrieved and displayed on the 3D map. The user can view the influence range of each environmental element by selecting it once.

[0105] When a user selects a specific area of ​​impact, this application receives the instruction to select that area. At this point, the source-pathway-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to the selected area can be retrieved and displayed on a 3D map, along with detailed information on the pollution sources, migration pathways, and hazardous receptors associated with that chain. For example, the source-pathway-sink generalized relationship chain and details of the sources, pathways, and sinks corresponding to the selected area can be displayed, presented as a generalized diagram in the sidebar: the source, pathway, and sink segments are distinguished by different colors, nodes can be expanded to view details, arrows between nodes indicate migration volume and distance, and further details of the pollution sources, migration pathways and emission outlets, and a list of hazardous receptors are listed below. This achieves a seamless connection from spatial scope to mechanistic chains, and from visual analysis to enforcement leads. For example... Figure 9 , Figure 9 This displays the scope of water environment impact, along with a generalized source-pathway-sink relationship chain, including source nodes, path nodes, and sink nodes. Path nodes include plant discharge outlets, river discharge outlets, and receiving river sections, while sink nodes include control sections.

[0106] In this way, a three-dimensional map is generated by layering the impact range of each environmental element. It also supports selecting pollution sources to display their corresponding impact range, selecting impact ranges to retrieve the corresponding source-path-sink generalized relationship chain and display detailed information on pollution sources, migration pathways and hazard receptors. It can present the entire process of pollution transmission in a three-dimensional and intuitive way, and efficiently support the assessment of pollution impact and the investigation of sources.

[0107] It should be noted that the evaluation level determination rules, shoreline width, upstream length threshold, and downstream length threshold in the above steps are all configurable parameters and can be adjusted according to different watersheds and management requirements; environmental elements can also be expanded. In addition to tracing along the river system topology, reverse source tracing can also be performed for atmospheric elements downwind of the prevailing wind direction. Any technical solution that, based on the concept of this application, structures the mechanism chain of pollutant generation—migration—hazard receptor and uses it for positive impact prediction and precise reverse source tracing falls within the protection scope of this application.

[0108] Figure 10 A block diagram of a pollution source precision tracing system 10 based on a source-pathway-sink mechanism chain according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0109] Reference Figure 10 As shown, a pollution source precision tracing system 10 based on a source-path-sink mechanism chain according to an embodiment of this application includes a data acquisition module 11, a range determination module 12, a receptor determination module 13, a relationship chain determination module 14, a tracing module 15, a screening module 16, and a clue generation module 17. The data acquisition module 11 is used to acquire pollution source data and hazardous receptor data within a target watershed. The range determination module 12 is used to determine the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element based on the pollution source data. The receptor determination module 13 is used to determine the hazardous receptors falling within the impact range for each environmental element based on the hazardous receptor data, thus obtaining the target hazardous receptors. The relationship chain determination module 14 is used to construct a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the impact range as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the impact range and the target hazardous receptor as the path node, and the target hazardous receptor as the receptor node, thereby obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element. The tracing module 15 is used to monitor pollutant anomalies at each receptor node in the source-path summation relationship chain. When the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the pollution source corresponding to the source node in the source-path summation relationship chain where the monitoring data meets the pollutant anomaly conditions is located is marked as a suspected pollution source, thus obtaining a set of suspected pollution sources. The screening module 16 is used to screen the suspected pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set based on control data to obtain target pollution sources. The control data includes at least one of the following: permitted emission limits, actual emissions, and auxiliary data. The clue generation module 17 is used to generate enforcement clues based on the target pollution sources and output the enforcement clues. The enforcement clues include the identifier of the target pollution source, the source-path summation relationship chain where the target pollution source is located, the time period of the anomaly, and suggested verification items.

[0110] The scope determination module 12 is specifically used to determine the evaluation level of each pollution source for each environmental element based on the attributes of the pollution source; generate the surface geometry of the influence range in the metric local projection space with the coordinates of the pollution source as the origin, and back-project the surface geometry back to the geographic coordinate system to obtain the target map corresponding to the pollution source; and determine the influence range of the pollution source on each environmental element based on the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element and the target map.

[0111] The scope determination module 12 is specifically used to acquire the relationship data between the point source and the river segment corresponding to the pollution source, so as to determine the receiving river segment associated with the pollution source; when there is a receiving river segment associated with the pollution source, the upstream length threshold and the downstream length threshold are determined according to the water environment evaluation level corresponding to the pollution source; based on the water system topology data corresponding to the pollution source, the receiving river segment, the upstream length threshold and the downstream length threshold, the influence range of the water environment is determined in the target map; when there is no receiving river segment associated with the pollution source, the influence range of the water environment is determined according to the coordinates of the pollution source and the preset radius.

[0112] The scope determination module 12 is specifically used to obtain the extension distance corresponding to the environmental elements based on the environmental elements and the evaluation level; when there is a corresponding plant interface of the pollution source, the scope of the pollution source's influence on each environmental element is determined in the target map based on the plant interface and the extension distance; when there is no corresponding plant interface of the pollution source, the scope of the pollution source's influence on each environmental element is determined in the target map based on the coordinates and extension distance of the pollution source.

[0113] The scope determination module 12 is specifically used to determine the evaluation level of each environmental element based on the attributes of the pollution source and the corresponding classification judgment rules for each environmental element. The attributes include type code, whether it is a key polluting unit, whether it is located in the key air control area, whether it is an industrial source, whether it is a sewage treatment facility, whether it is a livestock and poultry breeding, whether it is a risk source, and whether the discharge outlet has at least one of direct discharge or discharge into the river.

[0114] The screening module 16 is specifically used to determine the suspicion level of each suspected pollution source in the suspected pollution source set based on the control data; and to determine the suspected pollution sources with a suspicion level greater than the suspicion level threshold as target pollution sources.

[0115] The tracing module 15 is also used to determine the upstream river segment of the receiver node whose monitoring data meets the pollutant abnormality conditions based on the water system topology data when the monitoring data of the receiver node meets the pollutant abnormality conditions; and to identify the upstream river segment as the source of pollution in the receiving river segment as a suspected pollution source, so as to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources.

[0116] The pollution source precision tracing system 10 also includes a table creation module 18 and a display module 19. The table creation module 18 generates impact range data for different environmental elements corresponding to each pollution source based on the source-path summary relationship chain, evaluation level, impact range, and target hazard receptor of each pollution source on different environmental elements; it also generates a storage table corresponding to each tenant based on the impact range data for different tenants, with a one-to-one correspondence between tenants and storage tables. The display module 19 performs layered rendering based on the impact range corresponding to each environmental element to generate a 3D map and displays it; upon receiving a pollution source selection instruction, it retrieves and displays the impact range of all environmental elements of the pollution source corresponding to the pollution source selection instruction in the 3D map; upon receiving an impact range selection instruction, it retrieves and displays the source-path summary relationship chain corresponding to the impact range selection instruction in the 3D map, and displays detailed information on the pollution source, migration pathway, and hazard receptor corresponding to the source-path summary relationship chain.

[0117] Please see Figure 11 The electronic device 100 of this application includes a memory 20 and a processor 30. The memory 20 is used to store executable program code; the processor 30 is used to call and run the executable program code from the memory, so that the electronic device executes the instructions of the pollution source precise tracing method based on the source-path-sink mechanism chain as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0118] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "in one example," "exemplarily," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0119] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0120] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for precise source tracing of pollution sources based on a source-pathway-sink mechanism chain, characterized in that, include: Acquire pollution source data and hazard receptor data within the target watershed; Based on the pollution source data, determine the scope of the impact of each pollution source on each environmental element; For the influence range of each environmental element, based on the hazard receptor data, determine the hazard receptors that fall within the influence range to obtain the target hazard receptors; By taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain is constructed to obtain the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element. Pollutant anomaly monitoring is performed on each receptor node in each of the source-path-sink generalization relation chains. If the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the pollution source corresponding to the source node in the source-path-sink generalization relation chain where the monitoring data meets the pollutant anomaly conditions is located is marked as a suspected pollution source, so as to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources. Based on the control data, the suspected pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set are screened to obtain the target pollution sources. The control data includes at least one of the permitted emission limits, actual emissions, and auxiliary data. Enforcement leads are generated based on the target pollution source and output. The enforcement leads include the identifier of the target pollution source, the source-path summary relationship chain where the target pollution source is located, the time period of the anomaly, and suggested verification items.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element based on the pollution source data includes: For each pollution source, the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element is determined based on the attributes of the pollution source. In the metric local projection space with the coordinates of the pollution source as the origin, the surface geometry of the influence range is generated, and the surface geometry is inversely projected back to the geographic coordinate system to obtain the target map corresponding to the pollution source. Based on the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element and the target map, the scope of the pollution source's impact on each environmental element is determined.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the environmental element is aquatic, determining the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element based on the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element and the target map includes: Obtain the point source and river segment relationship data corresponding to the pollution source to determine the receiving river segment associated with the pollution source; In cases where the pollution source is associated with a receiving river section, the upstream length threshold and the downstream length threshold are determined based on the water environment evaluation level corresponding to the pollution source. Based on the water system topology data corresponding to the pollution source, the receiving river section, the upstream length threshold, and the downstream length threshold, the impact range of the water environment is determined in the target map; In the absence of a receiving river section associated with the pollution source, the scope of influence on the water environment is determined based on the coordinates of the pollution source and a preset radius.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the environmental element is one of the atmospheric environment, soil environment, and acoustic environment, determining the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element based on the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element and the target map includes: The extension distance corresponding to the environmental element is obtained based on the environmental element and the evaluation level; When the pollution source has a corresponding plant interface, the impact range of the pollution source on each environmental element is determined in the target map based on the plant interface and the extension distance. In the absence of a corresponding plant interface for the pollution source, the range of influence of the pollution source on various environmental elements is determined on the target map based on the coordinates of the pollution source and the extended distance.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, For each pollution source, the evaluation level of the pollution source for each environmental element is determined based on the attributes of the pollution source, including: For each of the pollution sources, the evaluation level corresponding to each environmental element is determined according to the attributes of the pollution sources and the classification judgment rules corresponding to each of the environmental elements. The attributes include type code, whether it is a key polluting unit, whether it is located in a key air control area, whether it is an industrial source, whether it is a sewage treatment facility, whether it is a livestock and poultry breeding, whether it is a risk source, and whether the discharge outlet has at least one of direct discharge or discharge into the river.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step involves screening potential pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set based on control data to obtain target pollution sources, including: The suspicion level of each of the suspected pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set is determined based on the control data. The suspected pollution sources with a suspicion level greater than the suspicion threshold are identified as the target pollution sources.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After constructing a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, and obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element, the method further includes: If the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the upstream river section of the receptor node whose monitoring data meets the pollutant anomaly conditions is determined based on the water system topology data. The upstream river section, which is the receiving river section, is identified as a suspected pollution source to obtain the set of suspected pollution sources.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental elements include at least one of the water environment, atmospheric environment, soil environment and acoustic environment. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the water environment includes river sections, control sections, monitoring sections, control units and aquatic risk receptors within the influence range. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the atmospheric environment and soil environment include residential areas, cultivated land and terrestrial risk receptors within the influence range. The hazard receptor data corresponding to the acoustic environment includes residential areas and acoustic environment risk receptors within the influence range.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After constructing a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the affected area as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the affected area and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, and obtaining the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element, the method further includes: Based on the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain, evaluation level, impact range, and target hazard receptor of each pollution source on different environmental elements, the impact range data of the different environmental elements corresponding to the pollution source are generated. Based on the influence range data corresponding to different tenants, a storage table is generated for each tenant, and the tenant corresponds one-to-one with the storage table. And / or, perform layered rendering based on the influence range corresponding to each of the environmental elements to generate a 3D map and display the 3D map; Upon receiving a pollution source selection instruction, the influence range of all environmental elements of the pollution source corresponding to the pollution source selection instruction is retrieved and displayed in the three-dimensional map. Upon receiving an instruction to select the area of ​​impact, the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to the instruction is retrieved and displayed on the 3D map, and detailed information on the pollution source, migration pathway, and hazardous receptor corresponding to the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain is displayed.

10. A precise source tracing system for pollution sources based on a source-pathway-sink mechanism chain, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire pollution source data and hazard receptor data within the target watershed; The scope determination module is used to determine the impact range of each pollution source on each environmental element based on the pollution source data. The receptor determination module is used to determine the hazard receptors falling within the influence range of each environmental element based on the hazard receptor data, thereby obtaining the target hazard receptors. The relationship chain determination module is used to construct a source-path-sink generalized relationship chain by taking the pollution source corresponding to the influence range as the source node, the migration path between the pollution source corresponding to the influence range and the target hazard receptor as the path node, and the target hazard receptor as the receptor node, so as to obtain the source-path-sink generalized relationship chain corresponding to each environmental element. The traceability module is used to monitor pollutant anomalies in each receptor node in the source-path summation relationship chain. When the monitoring data of a receptor node meets the pollutant anomaly conditions, the pollution source corresponding to the source node in the source-path summation relationship chain where the monitoring data meets the pollutant anomaly conditions is located is marked as a suspected pollution source, so as to obtain a set of suspected pollution sources. The filtering module is used to filter the suspected pollution sources in the suspected pollution source set according to the control data to obtain the target pollution sources. The control data includes at least one of the permitted emission limits, actual emissions and auxiliary data. The clue generation module is used to generate enforcement clues based on the target pollution source and output the enforcement clues. The enforcement clues include the identifier of the target pollution source, the source-path summary relationship chain where the target pollution source is located, the time period of the anomaly, and suggested verification items.

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