Method and system for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture in whole cycle based on soil fertility index

Abstract

The application provides a facility organic agriculture whole cycle dynamic fertilization management method and system based on soil fertility indexes, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilization and fertilization regulation. The method comprises the following steps: collecting facility plough layer soil samples, detecting soil physical, chemical and biological indexes, dividing the whole growth period into several fertilization regulation stages according to the soil fertility diagnosis results and the biological characteristics and fruit development law of crops; in each stage, the basic topdressing amount is corrected in real time in combination with the dynamic detection value of soil fertilization capacity; according to the root distribution characteristics and nutrient demand characteristics of different regulation stages, a differential topdressing mode is selected to perform topdressing operation; the subsequent topdressing scheme is dynamically modified; a base fertilizer application scheme and / or idle period green manure planting scheme of the next crop is formulated. The application constructs a dynamic topdressing regulation mechanism covering the whole growth period, ensures the nutrient supply of crops at key growth nodes, and effectively avoids blind application of organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilization regulation technology, and in particular to a method and system for dynamic fertilization management throughout the entire life cycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators. Background Technology

[0002] Organic agriculture, as a sustainable agricultural production method, demonstrates significant advantages in ensuring agricultural product safety, improving quality, and protecting the ecological environment. Facility agriculture achieves year-round crop production through artificially controlled environmental conditions; however, its relatively enclosed planting environment and long-term continuous cultivation, coupled with improper fertilization, can easily lead to problems such as declining soil organic matter, nutrient imbalances, increased soil EC values, secondary salinization, and frequent soil-borne diseases. Therefore, establishing fertilization methods that match soil fertility status and crop nutrient requirements for facility-based organic agriculture is an important technical direction for improving the sustainable productivity of facility soils. Existing organic agriculture soil fertilization technologies mainly include organic fertilizer application, green manure planting, and bio-fertilizer application. Fertilization decisions primarily rely on empirical fertilization or recommendations based on soil nutrient testing. Other solutions address specific aspects such as organic fertilizer or compost application for facility vegetables, recommended fertilization based on soil nutrient testing, integrated water and fertilizer management, microbial fertilizers for soil improvement and disease control, and green manure incorporation into the field. For example, some technologies focus on determining the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied based on yield targets and soil fertility levels; others focus on increasing soil organic carbon through composting, straw, or biochar; still others focus on using integrated water and fertilizer systems for fertilizer application control; and some technologies improve the soil ecological environment through green manure or microbial agents. While existing technologies have improved fertilizer management to some extent, they typically divide the entire crop growth period into two or three major stages: seedling, flowering, and fruiting. However, these technologies usually target a single fertilizer source, a single crop stage, or a single implementation step, making it difficult to simultaneously address the synergistic issues of base fertilizer carbon-nitrogen ratio regulation, dynamic correction of topdressing stages, targeted supplementation of microbial fertilizers, and green manure crop rotation within the same technical solution. Greenhouse vegetables, especially greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers, often exhibit continuous flowering and fruiting, and multiple harvests. The development time span of different batches of fruit is large, resulting in significant differences in nutrient requirements and proportions. The crude stage division cannot match the actual nutrient requirements at each stage. If the current practice of determining the topdressing plan before planting and implementing it at fixed times and in fixed amounts continues, it is easy to waste fertilizer when soil nutrient supply is sufficient, or to cause nutrient deficiency when soil nutrient supply is insufficient due to failure to replenish fertilizer in time. Furthermore, current fertilization management often treats the current crop and the next crop separately. Changes in soil nutrient balance, carbon-nitrogen ratio, and microbial activity after the current harvest are not effectively fed back into the application of base fertilizer for the next crop or the selection of green manure during the fallow period, making it difficult to accumulate fertilization effects. The same topdressing method is often used throughout the entire growth period, without selecting differentiated fertilization methods based on the root distribution and absorption characteristics at different stages, such as early root promotion, peak fruiting, and late-stage senescence prevention, thus limiting the efficiency of fertilization at each stage. At the same time, current technologies generally emphasize readily available soil nutrients, rarely utilizing soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators to identify limiting factors and establish a priority regulation order, making it difficult to adapt to the complex soil obstacles under long-term continuous cropping conditions in facility-based organic agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a dynamic fertilization management method and system for the entire life cycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators, which solves the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously match soil fertility status, topdressing plans and crop fertilizer requirements at each stage in real time, as well as the fertilization needs of the next crop.

[0004] This invention provides a method for dynamic fertilization management throughout the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators, comprising: Before crop transplanting, soil samples from the topsoil layer in the facility are collected to test soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Soil limiting factors are identified based on the test results. Based on the soil limiting factors and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, a base fertilizer application plan is determined, including the type, ratio, and amount of base fertilizer materials. Based on the biological characteristics of the crop and the fruit development pattern, the entire growth period of facility organic agriculture crops is divided into several topdressing regulation stages, with each topdressing regulation stage corresponding to a fruit development batch or growth node. During each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, the basic topdressing amount is determined based on the crop's fertilizer requirement intensity at the current stage, and the basic topdressing amount is corrected in real time by combining the dynamic detection value of soil fertility capacity to determine the actual topdressing amount for the current stage. Based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different topdressing regulation stages, select a differentiated topdressing method that matches the current stage and perform topdressing operations. After topdressing is applied in each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators are monitored, and the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages is dynamically revised based on the monitoring results. After the seasonal crops are harvested, based on the soil nutrient test results for the current season and the nutrient requirements of the next crop, formulate a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period.

[0005] According to the present invention, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout the entire cycle based on soil fertility indicators includes soil physical indicators such as soil bulk density and / or soil moisture content; chemical indicators such as soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil EC value; and biological indicators such as soil microbial biomass carbon content, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity. Each detected indicator is compared with its corresponding suitable range threshold. When an indicator deviates from the suitable range, the soil property corresponding to that indicator is determined to be a limiting factor. When multiple limiting factors exist, they are prioritized according to the degree of deviation from the suitable range, with priority given to regulating the limiting factor with the largest deviation.

[0006] According to the present invention, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout the entire cycle based on soil fertility indicators includes at least one of organic fertilizer, straw, and mineral fertilizer. The basal fertilizer application plan includes detecting the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, determining the application ratio of high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials and low carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials based on the difference between the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and the target carbon-nitrogen ratio, and adjusting the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to the target range by applying organic fertilizers and / or straw with different carbon-nitrogen ratios, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials is higher than that of the low carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials.

[0007] According to the dynamic fertilization management method for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided by the present invention, each topdressing regulation stage corresponds to a fruit development batch or a growth node, and the number of topdressing regulation stages is not less than the number of crop fruit harvesting batches; within each topdressing regulation stage, the fertilizer requirement for fruit development in that stage is added to the fertilizer requirement for plant vegetative growth to obtain the current crop fertilizer requirement intensity, and the basic topdressing amount is adjusted according to the soil available nutrient content, soil EC value and / or crop growth to obtain the actual topdressing amount for the current stage.

[0008] According to the dynamic fertilization management method for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided by the present invention, the topdressing method includes hole application or near-root application in the early stage of crop growth, drip irrigation with water fertilization in the peak growth period of crops, and reduction of topdressing amount and nitrogen ratio in topdressing in the later stage of crop growth. The monitoring is set between two adjacent topdressing regulation stages, and the monitoring results include the increase in available nutrients in the soil after topdressing and the crop's response to topdressing in this stage, and the topdressing amount and / or topdressing method in subsequent topdressing regulation stages are adjusted accordingly.

[0009] The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided by the present invention further includes: applying compound microbial fertilizer during the crop transplanting and / or topdressing process, according to the soil microbial test results and / or crop growth status, wherein the compound microbial fertilizer contains at least one beneficial bacterial group among nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma. When soil microbial biomass carbon and / or soil microbial biomass nitrogen are below a preset threshold, the compound microbial fertilizer is applied in the planting hole at the time of crop transplanting, and the compound microbial fertilizer is applied in combination with topdressing during the flowering and fruiting period or the peak fruiting period of the crop.

[0010] The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility index provided by the present invention further includes: during the off-season or crop rotation period of facility agriculture, planting leguminous green manure or cruciferous green manure, turning the green manure back into the field when it reaches the full flowering stage or the initial pod stage, and irrigating after turning to promote decomposition. Choose green manure varieties according to the length of the idle period in the facility. Choose legume green manure when the idle period is long and cruciferous green manure when the idle period is short. The amount of green manure to be turned in is determined based on the soil organic matter improvement needs of the current season.

[0011] According to the dynamic fertilization management method for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided by the present invention, when the soil nitrogen content in the current season is higher than the upper limit of the suitable range, gramineous green manure with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio is selected, and when the soil nitrogen content in the current season is lower than the lower limit of the suitable range, leguminous green manure is selected. After the green manure is turned over, the soil organic matter content and alkaline nitrogen content of the turned-over layer are tested, and the test results are used as the basis for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the base fertilizer for the next crop and determining the amount of base fertilizer applied.

[0012] This invention also provides a dynamic fertilization management system for the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators, comprising: The soil diagnostic module is used to collect and evaluate physical, chemical, and biological indicators of topsoil within the facility, and to identify soil limiting factors. The base fertilizer decision module is used to determine the type, ratio, and amount of base fertilizer materials based on soil limiting factors and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio; the topdressing amount correction module is used to determine the actual amount of topdressing based on crop biological characteristics, fruit development patterns, current crop nutrient requirements, and dynamic monitoring values ​​of soil nutrient supply capacity. The fertilization method selection module is used to select a differentiated fertilization method that matches the current stage based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different fertilization regulation stages. The microbial fertilizer regulation module is used to determine the application time and dosage of compound microbial fertilizer based on soil microbial test results and / or crop growth status. The feedback correction module is used to monitor soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators after topdressing is performed in each of the topdressing regulation stages, and to dynamically correct the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages based on the monitoring results. The crop rotation module is used to formulate a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period, based on the soil nutrient test results of the current season and the fertilizer requirements of the next crop after the harvest of the current season.

[0013] According to the dynamic fertilization management system for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided by the present invention, the feedback correction module is connected to the base fertilizer decision module, the topdressing amount correction module, the microbial fertilizer regulation module and the crop rotation module, so that the monitoring results during the current crop growth period and the soil test results after harvest are fed back to the subsequent topdressing regulation stage and the fertilization decision of the next crop, forming a closed-loop synergistic dynamic regulation of base fertilizer, topdressing, microbial fertilizer and green manure throughout the entire cycle.

[0014] This invention provides a method and system for dynamic fertilization management throughout the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators. It divides the entire growth period of facility organic crops into several topdressing regulation stages according to the crop's biological characteristics and fruit development patterns, with each stage corresponding to a fruit development batch or growth node. Within each topdressing regulation stage, the basic topdressing amount is determined based on the crop's nutrient requirement intensity at the current stage, and this basic topdressing amount is corrected in real time using dynamic soil fertility monitoring values ​​to determine the actual topdressing amount for the current stage. Furthermore, it considers the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different topdressing regulation stages. This invention seeks to identify and select differentiated topdressing methods that match the current stage for topdressing operations. After topdressing is performed in each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators are monitored, and the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages is dynamically revised based on the monitoring results. After the current crop is harvested, based on the soil nutrient test results of the current season and the nutrient requirements of the next crop, a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period are formulated. By constructing a dynamic topdressing regulation mechanism covering the entire growth period, this invention effectively avoids the blind application of organic fertilizers while ensuring nutrient supply at key growth nodes of crops. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts of the dynamic fertilization management method for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the integrated fertilizer regulation technology system architecture provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 This is the second flowchart of the dynamic fertilization management method for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the functional structure of a dynamic fertilization management system for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart of a dynamic fertilization management method for the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided in this embodiment of the invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire life cycle based on soil fertility indicators includes: Step 101: Before crop transplanting, collect soil samples from the topsoil layer in the facility, test soil physical, chemical and biological indicators, and identify soil limiting factors based on the test results; based on the soil limiting factors and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, determine the basal fertilizer application plan, including the type of basal fertilizer material, the application ratio and the application amount; based on the biological characteristics of the crop and the fruit development pattern, divide the entire growth period of facility organic agricultural crops into several topdressing regulation stages, with each topdressing regulation stage corresponding to a fruit development batch or growth node; Step 102: During each of the above-mentioned topdressing regulation stages, determine the basic topdressing amount based on the crop's fertilizer requirement intensity at the current stage, and adjust the basic topdressing amount in real time in conjunction with the dynamic detection value of soil fertility capacity to determine the actual topdressing amount at the current stage. Step 103: Based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different topdressing regulation stages, select a differentiated topdressing method that matches the current stage and perform the topdressing operation. Step 104: After topdressing is applied in each of the above-mentioned topdressing regulation stages, soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators are monitored, and the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages is dynamically revised based on the monitoring results. Step 105: After the current crop is harvested, based on the soil nutrient test results and the fertilizer requirements of the next crop, formulate a base fertilizer application plan and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period.

[0019] Traditional topdressing programs are typically determined once before transplanting and implemented at fixed times and amounts throughout the entire growth period. This lacks a mechanism for adjustment based on dynamic changes in soil fertility and actual crop growth, leading to both wasteful application of fertilizer when soil conditions are sufficient and insufficient fertilizer application when soil conditions are deficient. Fertilizer management for each crop cycle is independent, failing to transmit current season soil problems to the next crop's basal fertilizer plan. Green manure planting and other fertilization measures during off-seasons lack targeted alignment with the needs of the next crop, making it difficult to accumulate fertilization effects. The same topdressing method, such as furrow application or drip irrigation throughout the entire growth period, is often used, without considering the root distribution and absorption characteristics at different stages, such as early root promotion, peak fruiting, and late-stage senescence prevention, thus limiting fertilization efficiency at each stage.

[0020] The present invention provides a dynamic fertilization management method for the entire life cycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators. This method divides the entire growth period of facility organic crops into several topdressing regulation stages according to the crop's biological characteristics and fruit development patterns. Each topdressing regulation stage corresponds to a fruit development batch or growth node. Within each topdressing regulation stage, the basic topdressing amount is determined based on the crop's nutrient requirement intensity at the current stage, and this basic topdressing amount is corrected in real time using dynamic soil fertility monitoring values ​​to determine the actual topdressing amount for the current stage. Furthermore, the method considers the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different topdressing regulation stages. This invention seeks to identify and select differentiated topdressing methods that match the current stage for topdressing operations. After topdressing is performed in each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators are monitored, and the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages is dynamically revised based on the monitoring results. After the current crop is harvested, based on the soil nutrient test results of the current season and the nutrient requirements of the next crop, a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period are formulated. By constructing a dynamic topdressing regulation mechanism covering the entire growth period, this invention effectively avoids the blind application of organic fertilizers while ensuring nutrient supply at key growth nodes of crops.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, it uses soil physical, chemical and biological indicators to jointly identify limiting factors in facility soils, so that the application of base fertilizer no longer relies solely on a single nutrient indicator; Second, it connects base fertilizer materials such as organic fertilizer and straw with the needs of soil microbial activity through carbon-nitrogen ratio target regulation; Third, it divides the topdressing regulation stages by crop fruit development batches or growth nodes, and corrects the topdressing amount by combining dynamic detection values ​​of soil fertility capacity, thereby improving the matching degree between the topdressing plan and the actual nutrient requirements of the crop; Fourth, it connects microbial supplementation during the growth period and fertilization during the fallow period through microbial fertilizer and green manure, respectively, so that the results of fertilizer management in the current season can be fed back into the base fertilizer and green manure plans for the next crop.

[0022] Based on any of the above embodiments, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators includes: Before crop transplanting, base fertilizer should be applied in combination based on soil test results. The base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and / or straw and / or mineral fertilizer. Among these methods, the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to the target range by applying organic fertilizers and / or straw with different carbon-nitrogen ratios.

[0023] Based on any of the above embodiments, the method for regulating the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio includes: The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil is detected, and the application ratio of high-carbon-nitrogen organic materials to low-carbon-nitrogen organic materials is determined based on the difference between the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and the target carbon-nitrogen ratio. The high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic material has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than the low carbon-nitrogen ratio organic material.

[0024] Based on any of the above embodiments, the amount of base fertilizer applied is determined according to the comprehensive soil testing indicators, which include at least one of soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil microbial biomass carbon content, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity.

[0025] Based on any of the above embodiments, the differentiated topdressing methods include applying fertilizer in holes or near the roots during the early stage of crop growth, applying fertilizer with drip irrigation during the peak growth period of crops, and reducing the amount of topdressing and lowering the proportion of nitrogen in topdressing during the later stage of crop growth.

[0026] Based on any of the above embodiments, the monitoring node is set between two adjacent topdressing regulation stages, and the monitoring results include the increase in available nutrients in the soil after topdressing and the crop's response to topdressing at this stage. Based on the monitoring results, the amount and / or method of topdressing in the subsequent topdressing regulation stage will be adjusted.

[0027] Based on any of the above embodiments, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators further includes: During crop transplanting and / or topdressing, based on soil microbial test results and / or crop growth status, compound microbial fertilizer is applied during the transplanting and / or topdressing period. The compound microbial fertilizer contains at least one beneficial bacterial group selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma.

[0028] Based on any of the above embodiments, the method for determining the application time and dosage of the microbial fertilizer includes: When soil microbial biomass carbon and / or soil microbial biomass nitrogen are below the preset threshold, apply microbial fertilizer in the planting hole at the time of transplanting; during the flowering and fruiting period or the peak fruiting period of the crop, apply microbial fertilizer in conjunction with topdressing.

[0029] Based on any of the above embodiments, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators further includes: During the off-season or crop rotation period of facility agriculture, legume green manure or cruciferous green manure is planted. When the green manure grows to the full flowering stage or the initial pod stage, it is plowed into the field and then irrigated to promote decomposition.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the method for selecting the variety of green manure and determining the planting period includes: Choose green manure varieties according to the length of the idle period in the facility. Choose legume green manure when the idle period is long and cruciferous green manure when the idle period is short. The amount of green manure to be turned in is determined based on the soil organic matter improvement needs of the current season.

[0031] Based on any of the above embodiments, the method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators further includes: Before crop transplanting and / or before each topdressing regulation stage, soil samples were collected from the topsoil layer within the facility to test soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators. The physical indicators included soil bulk density and / or soil moisture content; the chemical indicators included at least one of soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil EC value; and the biological indicators included at least one of soil microbial biomass carbon content, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, soil limiting factors are identified based on the comprehensive evaluation results of various detection indicators, specifically including: Each detection index is compared with its corresponding suitable range threshold. When an index deviates from the suitable range, the soil property corresponding to that index is determined to be a limiting factor. When there are multiple limiting factors, they are prioritized according to the degree of deviation of each index from the suitable range, and the limiting factor with the largest degree of deviation is controlled first.

[0033] like Figure 2As shown, embodiments of the present invention include: a comprehensive soil fertility diagnostic technology based on soil testing indicators, which comprehensively assesses soil fertility status by detecting soil physicochemical and biological properties, identifies soil limiting factors, and provides a basis for precision fertilization; a basal fertilizer application technology based on dynamic regulation of soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, which, based on soil carbon-nitrogen ratio testing results, adjusts the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to a suitable range of 15-18:1 by applying organic fertilizers or straw with different carbon-nitrogen ratios, optimizing the soil microbial community structure and improving soil microbial activity; a precise topdressing supply technology based on crop nutrient requirements, which selects suitable organic topdressing products and determines the timing, quantity, and method of topdressing according to the nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages and the soil's nutrient supply capacity, achieving precise nutrient supply and efficient utilization; and a synergistic application technology of microbial fertilizer and green manure based on microbial community regulation, which supplements beneficial bacteria with microbial fertilizer and improves the soil environment with green manure, with the two working synergistically to build a healthy soil microbial ecosystem and improve soil resilience and productivity.

[0034] This invention takes the comprehensive regulation of "four fertilizers" in the organic production of tomatoes in facilities as an example. It is applicable to the organic production of tomatoes in solar greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, with a planting mode of one or two crops per year, soil type of sandy loam or loam, soil organic matter content between 1.5% and 2.5%, soil carbon-nitrogen ratio between 8 and 12, and problems such as declining soil fertility and continuous cropping obstacles.

[0035] This embodiment uses the following technical parameters and materials: Base fertilizer consists of well-rotted cow manure (carbon-nitrogen ratio approximately 25:1), well-rotted chicken manure (carbon-nitrogen ratio approximately 10:1), and corn stalks (carbon-nitrogen ratio approximately 50:1); topdressing uses certified organic water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio 5:2:4); microbial fertilizer consists of compound microbial fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria (effective viable count ≥ 200 million / g); green manure consists of hairy vetch or rapeseed, planted during the fallow period before tomato planting. Testing equipment includes a soil nutrient rapid analyzer and a soil microbial assay kit. Testing indicators include soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, and soil microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen).

[0036] The specific implementation steps include: Step 1: Soil Testing and Diagnosis. 15-20 days before tomato transplanting, soil samples from the 0-20cm topsoil layer were collected within the greenhouse. A five-point sampling method was used for mixed sampling to test soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, comprehensively assessing soil fertility. For example, the test results for a certain greenhouse were: soil organic matter content 1.8%, total nitrogen content 0.12%, available nitrogen content 95mg / kg, available phosphorus content 25mg / kg, available potassium content 150mg / kg, soil microbial biomass carbon 215mg / kg, soil microbial biomass nitrogen 28mg / kg, carbon-nitrogen ratio 7.7. The overall soil fertility assessment was below average, with the main limiting factors being low organic matter content, low carbon-nitrogen ratio, and insufficient microbial activity.

[0037] Step 2: Base Fertilizer Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio Adjustment. Based on soil test results, calculate the base fertilizer application rate and the target carbon-nitrogen ratio. In this example, the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio is 7.7, which is lower than the lower limit of the suitable range. It is necessary to increase the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio by applying more organic fertilizer with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio. The base fertilizer application rate is calculated based on applying 2000 kg of decomposed cow manure, 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure, and 500 kg of corn stalks per mu (667 square meters). The total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the base fertilizer is approximately 20:1. After application, it is expected to increase the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to 15-16:1. The base fertilizer application method is as follows: 10-15 days before tomato transplanting, crush the corn stalks to a length of 3-5 cm, spread them evenly on the soil surface, then till to a soil layer of 20 cm. Then mix the decomposed cow manure and decomposed chicken manure evenly and spread them on the soil surface. Till to a soil layer of 20 cm and mix thoroughly with the soil. Level the soil, make ridges, and irrigate thoroughly to promote the decomposition of straw and organic fertilizer.

[0038] Step 3: Microbial Fertilizer Supplementation and Regulation. At tomato transplanting, apply compound microbial fertilizer using the hole application method, at a rate of 20 kg per acre. Specifically, apply approximately 5 g of fertilizer per planting hole, mix thoroughly with the soil, and then plant the tomato seedlings. The beneficial bacteria in the fertilizer form a protective ring around the tomato roots, promoting root growth and enhancing disease resistance. During the flowering and fruit-setting period, combine the first topdressing with a second application of microbial fertilizer, at a rate of 10 kg per acre, applied through the drip irrigation system to replenish beneficial bacteria and enhance soil microbial activity.

[0039] Step 4: Precise Topdressing. Based on the tomato's growth stages and nutrient requirements, topdressing is applied in four phases. The first phase, during the first fruit cluster enlargement stage, involves applying 15 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to promote fruit enlargement. The second phase, during the second fruit cluster enlargement stage, involves applying 20 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to supplement the nutrients needed for fruit development. The third phase, during the third fruit cluster enlargement stage, involves applying 15 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to maintain plant growth and fruit development. The fourth phase, during the fourth fruit cluster enlargement stage, involves applying 10 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to prevent premature plant aging. The timing of topdressing is adjusted flexibly according to the tomato's growth status, and the amount of fertilizer is adjusted appropriately based on the soil's nutrient supply capacity and the tomato's growth vigor to achieve precise nutrient supply.

[0040] Step 5: Green Manure Planting and Regulation. During the fallow period after tomato harvest, hairy vetch is planted as green manure. Sowing time is mid-August, with a sowing rate of 5 kg per acre, using broadcast sowing. After sowing, shallowly harrow and cover with soil. After emergence, apply appropriate organic fertilizer to promote growth. In late November, plow and compact the soil to a depth of 20 cm. After plowing, irrigate to promote decomposition, providing organic matter and nitrogen for the next crop. Hairy vetch, as a legume green manure, has a strong nitrogen-fixing capacity, fixing approximately 5-8 kg of nitrogen per acre, while also providing a large amount of organic matter, improving soil structure, and enhancing soil fertility.

[0041] The key technical details of this invention lie in the precise control of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basal fertilizer and the precise timing of topdressing. From one perspective, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basal fertilizer requires accurately calculating the proportions of organic fertilizers with different carbon-nitrogen ratios based on the initial and target carbon-nitrogen ratios of the soil to ensure effective control. For example, for soils with a carbon-nitrogen ratio below 10, the proportion of high-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic fertilizers (cow manure, straw) should account for more than 60% of the total basal fertilizer; for soils with a carbon-nitrogen ratio between 10 and 15, the proportion of high-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic fertilizers should account for 40%-60% of the total basal fertilizer; and for soils with a carbon-nitrogen ratio above 15, the proportion of high-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic fertilizers should be controlled below 40% of the total basal fertilizer. On the other hand, the timing of topdressing needs to be precisely determined based on the tomato's growth stage and the soil's nutrient supply capacity. The first fruit enlargement stage is the peak period for tomato's nutrient demand, and topdressing should be focused on during this time. The second and third fruit enlargement stages are the periods when tomato's nutrient demand is stable, and topdressing should be applied in moderation during these stages. The fourth fruit enlargement stage is the period when tomato's nutrient demand is declining, and topdressing should be reduced to prevent excessive vegetative growth and fruit deformities.

[0042] The data flow in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: Soil testing data is input into the integrated management decision system. The decision system outputs basal fertilizer application plan, topdressing plan, microbial fertilizer plan, and green manure plan based on soil fertility indicators and crop fertilizer requirements. After the fertilization operation is executed, the system regularly monitors changes in soil fertility and crop growth, generates feedback information, inputs it into the decision system, optimizes the fertilization plan, and forms a closed-loop control system.

[0043] This invention takes the comprehensive regulation of "four fertilizers" in the organic production of cucumbers in facilities as an example. This embodiment is applicable to the organic production of cucumbers in solar greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, with a planting mode of one or two crops per year, soil type of loam or clay loam, soil organic matter content between 2.0% and 3.0%, soil carbon-nitrogen ratio between 10 and 15, and problems such as soil nutrient imbalance and serious soil-borne diseases.

[0044] The embodiments of this invention utilize the following technical parameters and materials: Base fertilizer consists of well-rotted sheep manure, well-rotted pig manure, and wheat straw; topdressing uses commercially certified organic water-soluble fertilizer; microbial fertilizer is a compound microbial fertilizer containing Trichoderma, Bacillus, and Actinomycetes; green manure consists of peas, broad beans, or radishes, planted during the fallow period before cucumber planting. Testing equipment includes a soil nutrient rapid tester, pH meter, and EC meter. Testing indicators include soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil EC value.

[0045] The specific implementation steps include: Step 1: Soil Testing and Diagnosis. 15-20 days before cucumber transplanting, soil samples from the 0-20cm topsoil layer within the facility are collected. A five-point sampling method is used for mixed sampling. Soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil pH, and soil EC value are tested to comprehensively assess soil fertility. For example, the test results for a certain plastic greenhouse are: soil organic matter content 2.3%, total nitrogen content 0.15%, available nitrogen content 115mg / kg, available phosphorus content 45mg / kg, available potassium content 180mg / kg, soil pH 6.8, and soil EC value 0.45ms / cm. The overall soil fertility assessment is moderate, with the main limiting factors being high available phosphorus content and high soil EC value, indicating a risk of secondary salinization.

[0046] Step 2: Base Fertilizer Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio Adjustment. Based on soil test results, calculate the base fertilizer application rate and the target carbon-nitrogen ratio. In this example, the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio is 12.3, which is within the suitable range. The base fertilizer application rate is calculated based on 1500 kg of well-rotted sheep manure, 1500 kg of well-rotted pig manure, and 300 kg of wheat straw per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the base fertilizer is approximately 15:1, maintaining the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio within the suitable range. The base fertilizer application method is as follows: 10-15 days before cucumber transplanting, crush the wheat straw to a length of 3-5 cm, spread it evenly on the soil surface, then till it to a soil layer of 20 cm. Next, mix the well-rotted sheep manure and well-rotted pig manure evenly and spread them on the soil surface, till it to a soil layer of 20 cm to fully mix with the soil, level the soil, make ridges, and irrigate thoroughly to promote straw decomposition and organic fertilizer decomposition.

[0047] Step 3: Microbial Fertilizer Supplementation and Regulation. At cucumber transplanting, apply compound microbial fertilizer using the hole application method, at a rate of 30 kg per acre. Specifically, apply approximately 8 g of the fertilizer to each transplanting hole, mix thoroughly with the soil, and then transplant the cucumber seedlings. The Trichoderma in the fertilizer has a good control effect on soil-borne diseases such as cucumber wilt and damping-off, while Bacillus and Actinomycetes promote cucumber root growth and enhance disease resistance. During the cucumber flowering and fruit setting period, combine the first topdressing with a second application of microbial fertilizer, at a rate of 15 kg per acre, applied through the drip irrigation system to supplement beneficial bacteria and enhance soil microbial activity.

[0048] Step 4: Precise Topdressing. Based on the cucumber's growth stages and nutrient requirements, topdressing is applied in five phases. The first phase, 7-10 days after transplanting, involves applying 5 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to promote seedling establishment and root growth. The second phase, after the first cucumber fruit has set, involves applying 10 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to promote fruit enlargement. The third phase, during the peak fruiting period, involves applying 15 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to supplement nutrients needed for fruit development. The fourth phase, in the later stages of peak fruiting, involves applying 10 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to maintain plant growth and fruit development. The fifth phase, 15 days before the cucumber vines are pulled back from the ground, involves applying 5 kg of organic water-soluble fertilizer per acre via drip irrigation to prevent premature aging of the plants. The timing of topdressing should be flexibly adjusted according to the growth status of cucumbers, and the amount of topdressing should be appropriately increased or decreased according to the soil's fertility capacity and the growth of cucumbers to achieve precise nutrient supply.

[0049] Step 5: Green Manure Planting and Regulation. During the fallow period after cucumber vines are harvested, peas are planted as green manure. Sowing time is early September, with a sowing rate of 8 kg per acre. Sow in rows with a row spacing of 30 cm. Cover with 2-3 cm of soil after sowing. After emergence, apply appropriate organic fertilizer to promote growth. In late November, plow and compact the peas into the soil to a depth of 20 cm. After plowing, irrigate to promote decomposition and provide organic matter and nitrogen for the next crop. As a legume green manure, peas have a strong nitrogen-fixing capacity, fixing approximately 6-10 kg of nitrogen per acre, while also providing a large amount of organic matter, improving soil structure, and enhancing soil fertility.

[0050] The key technical details of this invention lie in the precise control of basal fertilizer application and the soil-borne disease control function of microbial fertilizer. On one hand, the amount of basal fertilizer applied needs to be precisely controlled based on soil fertility levels and crop nutrient requirements. For plots with moderate soil fertility, the application rate should be controlled at 3000-3500 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). For plots with high soil fertility, the application rate should be appropriately reduced to prevent excessive nutrients from causing secondary soil salinization. On the other hand, the selection of microbial fertilizer should target the main soil-borne diseases of the crop. The main soil-borne diseases of cucumber are wilt, damping-off, and blight. Compound microbial fertilizers containing Trichoderma should be selected, as Trichoderma has a strong control effect on these diseases. Simultaneously, combined with Bacillus and Actinomycetes, it promotes cucumber root growth and enhances disease resistance.

[0051] The data flow in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: Soil testing data is input into the integrated management decision system. The decision system outputs basal fertilizer application plan, topdressing plan, microbial fertilizer plan, and green manure plan based on soil fertility indicators and crop fertilizer requirements. After the fertilization operation is executed, the system regularly monitors changes in soil fertility and crop growth, generates feedback information, inputs it into the decision system, optimizes the fertilization plan, and forms a closed-loop control system.

[0052] like Figure 3As shown, soil samples from the 0-20cm topsoil layer were collected 15-20 days before crop transplanting using a five-point sampling method to test soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Physical indicators included soil bulk density and water content; chemical indicators included soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil pH, and soil EC value; biological indicators included soil microbial biomass carbon content, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results of these indicators, the soil fertility level was determined, and soil limiting factors restricting crop growth were identified. Each indicator was compared with its corresponding suitable range threshold. When an indicator deviated from the suitable range, the corresponding soil property was identified as a limiting factor. When multiple limiting factors existed, they were prioritized according to the degree of deviation from the suitable range, with the limiting factor with the largest deviation being regulated first. Simultaneously, the initial soil carbon-nitrogen ratio was calculated based on the measured values ​​of soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, soil microbial biomass carbon content, and soil microbial biomass nitrogen content.

[0053] Based on the comprehensive soil diagnosis results, basal fertilizer is applied in a comprehensive manner before crop transplanting. Basal fertilizer includes at least one of organic fertilizer, straw, and mineral fertilizer. The application rate of basal fertilizer is determined based on comprehensive testing indicators such as soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil microbial biomass carbon content, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil is compared with the target carbon-nitrogen ratio, and the ratio of high-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials to low-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials is determined based on the difference between the two, where the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the high-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials is higher than that of the low-carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials. Various organic materials are weighed according to the calculated application ratio, mixed evenly, and then applied to the soil to adjust the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to a suitable range, ensuring that soil microorganisms obtain the optimal carbon-nitrogen nutrient ratio and promoting organic matter mineralization and nutrient release. After crushing the straw to an appropriate length, spread it evenly on the surface and till it down to the topsoil. Then, mix it evenly with the well-rotted organic fertilizer and spread it on the surface, tilling it down to the topsoil to fully mix it with the soil. Level the soil, make raised beds, and irrigate thoroughly to promote straw decomposition and organic fertilizer decomposition. When the soil bulk density is higher than the upper limit of the suitable range, increase the proportion of straw in the high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials.

[0054] Based on soil microbial testing results and crop growth status, compound microbial fertilizer is applied during the transplanting and topdressing stages. The compound microbial fertilizer contains at least one beneficial microbial group selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma. When soil microbial biomass carbon and / or soil microbial biomass nitrogen are below a preset threshold, the fertilizer is applied using the hole-applying method at crop transplanting, mixing it with the soil before planting. During the flowering and fruiting stage or peak fruiting stage, the compound microbial fertilizer is mixed with water and applied to the soil via drip irrigation in conjunction with topdressing.

[0055] Based on the biological characteristics and fruit development patterns of crops, the entire growth period of greenhouse organic crops is divided into several topdressing regulation stages, each corresponding to a fruit development batch or a growth node. The number of topdressing regulation stages is set to be no less than the number of fruit harvest batches, ensuring that each fruit development batch corresponds to an independent topdressing regulation stage. When calculating the nutrient requirement intensity for each topdressing regulation stage, the nutrient requirement for fruit development at that stage is added to the nutrient requirement for plant vegetative growth. Within each topdressing regulation stage, the basic topdressing amount is determined based on the nutrient requirement intensity of the crop at the current stage. The soil nutrient supply capacity index value for the current stage is measured, and the basic topdressing amount is compared with the soil nutrient supply capacity index value. When the soil nutrient supply capacity index value is higher than a preset threshold, the basic topdressing amount is reduced; when the soil nutrient supply capacity index value is lower than the preset threshold, the basic topdressing amount is increased, thus obtaining the actual topdressing amount for the current stage.

[0056] Based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements at different stages of topdressing regulation, select differentiated topdressing methods that match the current stage. Use hole application or near-root application in the early stages of crop growth; use drip irrigation with water during the peak growth period; and reduce the amount of topdressing and the proportion of nitrogen in the topdressing in the later stages of crop growth.

[0057] After each topdressing regulation stage, monitoring nodes are set up between adjacent topdressing regulation stages to collect soil samples to test the content of available nutrients, and to observe crop stem diameter, plant height, leaf color, and fruit development progress. The test results and observation results are compared with their respective expected values, and the amount or method of topdressing in the next topdressing regulation stage is adjusted based on the comparison results. When the increase in available nutrients in the soil after topdressing is less than expected, the amount of topdressing is increased or the method of topdressing is adjusted in the next stage; when the increase is greater than expected but the crop response is less than expected, the subsequent plan is adjusted based on the comprehensive soil diagnosis results.

[0058] After the seasonal crop harvest, soil samples are collected to test soil nutrient content, and the soil nutrient surplus or deficit status is determined based on the test results. Soil nitrogen content is tested for the current season. When the soil nitrogen content is above the upper limit of the suitable range, gramineous green manure with a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is selected for planting; when the soil nitrogen content is below the lower limit of the suitable range, leguminous green manure is selected. Soil organic matter content is tested for the current season, and the difference between the organic matter content and the target value is calculated. The amount of green manure to be incorporated is determined based on the difference. During the fallow period or crop rotation period in facility agriculture, the green manure variety is selected according to the length of the fallow period. Leguminous green manure is selected when the fallow period is long, and cruciferous green manure is selected when the fallow period is short. Appropriate management is applied after sowing to promote growth. When the green manure reaches the full flowering or early pod stage, it is incorporated into the field and irrigated after incorporation to promote decomposition. Before planting green manure during the fallow period, when the soil bulk density is above the upper limit of the suitable range, cruciferous green manure with well-developed root systems is selected for planting; when the soil organic matter content is below the lower limit of the suitable range, leguminous green manure with high biomass is selected for planting. After green manure is turned over, the organic matter content and available nitrogen content of the turned-over layer soil are tested. The test results are used as the basis for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the base fertilizer for the next crop and are input into the decision-making process for the base fertilizer application of the next crop.

[0059] This invention, through the synergistic regulation of four types of measures—basal fertilizer, topdressing, microbial fertilizer, and green manure—forms a closed-loop management process, encompassing pre-planting soil diagnosis, phased fertilization during the season, post-topdressing monitoring and feedback, and post-harvest crop rotation. Compared to schemes relying solely on empirical fertilization or single soil nutrient tests, this invention can simultaneously utilize soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators to identify limiting factors and, based on these limiting factors, determine the priority order for basal fertilizer application, topdressing correction, microbial fertilizer supplementation, and green manure selection.

[0060] By regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of base fertilizer, this invention can select organic materials with different carbon-nitrogen ratios for application based on the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, providing suitable carbon and nitrogen nutrition conditions for soil microbial activity and organic matter decomposition, and reducing the risk of nutrient accumulation or increased salinity caused by simply applying large amounts of organic fertilizer.

[0061] By providing precise topdressing, this invention uses different fruit development batches or key growth stages of continuously flowering and fruiting crops as topdressing regulation stages, and uses dynamic detection values ​​of soil fertility capacity as the basis for correcting the amount of topdressing, which can reduce the risk of nutrient supply mismatch caused by topdressing at fixed times and with fixed amounts.

[0062] Through the synergistic regulation of microbial fertilizer and green manure, this invention can supplement beneficial microbial communities during the crop growth period, and improve soil structure and organic matter levels by turning in green manure during the planting off-season or crop rotation period; the soil test results after turning in green manure are further used in the base fertilizer program for the next crop, so that the fertilization effect of the current season can be continued for the next crop.

[0063] Most existing technologies employ single fertilization methods, lacking a systematic and holistic approach. The various fertilization measures lack effective coordination and synergy, resulting in unsatisfactory fertilization effects and hindering the continuous improvement and balanced supply of soil fertility. For example, while applying organic fertilizer alone can replenish soil organic matter and nutrients, it is insufficient to meet the crop's demand for readily available nutrients during critical growth stages, easily leading to nutrient deficiency and premature aging in the later stages of crop growth, affecting yield and quality. Similarly, while planting green manure alone can improve soil fertility, its long growth cycle makes large-scale application difficult under the limited space and time constraints of facility agriculture. Furthermore, the slow nutrient release after green manure is turned over is insufficient to meet the growth needs of the current crop. Simultaneously, existing technologies lack precise control mechanisms based on soil testing indicators; fertilization decisions rely primarily on experience or simple soil nutrient tests, failing to fully consider the dynamic response relationship between comprehensive soil fertility indicators and fertilization measures. On the one hand, soil fertility is a comprehensive reflection of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, including soil organic matter content, the content of macro-elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the content of micronutrients, soil microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity. Existing technologies often only focus on soil nutrient content, neglecting the coordinated improvement of soil biological activity and soil physicochemical properties. On the other hand, the environment of facility agriculture is relatively closed, and the soil nutrient cycling and transformation processes differ significantly from those of open-field agriculture. Existing technologies have failed to develop specific fertilization programs for the special environmental conditions of facility agriculture, resulting in unstable application effects and weak adaptability.

[0064] Furthermore, due to the lack of dynamic regulation of the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio in existing technologies, the regulatory role of the carbon-nitrogen ratio on soil microbial activity and nutrient transformation has not been fully utilized. Studies have shown that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is an important factor affecting the effectiveness of organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers with different carbon-nitrogen ratios have a significant impact on soil microbial biomass and nitrogen activity; both excessively high and low carbon-nitrogen ratios can affect soil microbial activity and nutrient availability. However, while existing technologies acknowledge the importance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, they lack specific methods and standards for its regulation, making it difficult to apply effectively in production practices. For example, while high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic fertilizers can increase the carbon content of soil microbial biomass, their lower nitrogen activity can easily lead to nitrogen deficiency in crops; conversely, while low carbon-nitrogen ratio organic fertilizers have high nitrogen availability, their low soil microbial biomass is not conducive to long-term soil fertility improvement. Existing technologies lack a comprehensive dynamic regulation strategy throughout the entire growth cycle, failing to dynamically adjust fertilization plans based on the nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages and changes in soil fertility. Crop growth cycles in greenhouse agriculture are long, and nutrient requirements vary significantly at different growth stages. Existing technologies often employ single-dose basal fertilization or simple topdressing, making it difficult to achieve precise nutrient supply and efficient utilization. Furthermore, continuous cropping in greenhouse agriculture presents severe obstacles and frequent soil-borne diseases. Current technologies lack targeted biological control measures, hindering effective solutions to these problems.

[0065] The dynamic fertilization management method for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided in this invention produces significant beneficial effects through the organic combination and synergistic effect of four fertilization measures: base fertilizer, topdressing, microbial fertilizer, and green manure. On one hand, it achieves a comprehensive and continuous improvement in soil fertility. By optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio of base fertilizer, it improves the structure of the soil microbial community, enhances soil microbial activity, promotes the accumulation of soil organic matter and nutrient transformation, resulting in an average annual increase of 0.2-0.3 percentage points in soil organic matter content, a 30%-50% increase in soil microbial biomass carbon, a 25%-40% increase in soil enzyme activity, significant improvement in soil physicochemical properties, enhanced soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improved soil stress resistance. On the other hand, this invention achieves precise supply and efficient utilization of crop nutrients. By precisely supplying topdressing fertilizer, it meets the nutrient needs of crops at different growth stages, avoids nutrient waste and environmental pollution, increases fertilizer utilization by 15%-20%, increases crop yield by 10%-15%, significantly improves crop quality, increases vitamin C content in fruits by 10%-15%, reduces nitrate content by 20%-30%, and greatly enhances the safety and marketability of agricultural products.

[0066] This invention addresses the problem of carbon-nitrogen imbalance in traditional organic fertilization by regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of base fertilizers, creating optimal environmental conditions for soil microbial activity. Studies show that the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio is a key factor influencing the structure and activity of soil microbial communities. When the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 15 and 18:1, soil microbial activity is highest, nutrient transformation is fastest, and crop absorption and utilization efficiency is highest. This invention precisely regulates the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to an appropriate range through the combined application of organic fertilizers or straw with different carbon-nitrogen ratios. This avoids both soil nitrogen fixation and crop nitrogen deficiency caused by excessively high carbon-nitrogen ratios, and decreased soil microbial activity and insufficient nutrient supply caused by excessively low carbon-nitrogen ratios. For example, for soils with a carbon-nitrogen ratio below 10, increasing the application of high-carbon-nitrogen-ratio organic fertilizers or crop straw raises the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to 15-18:1, resulting in a 40%-60% increase in soil microbial biomass carbon, a 30%-50% increase in soil microbial biomass nitrogen, a 25%-35% increase in soil nitrogen mineralization rate, and a 20%-30% increase in crop nitrogen absorption and utilization rate.

[0067] By precisely supplying topdressing fertilizer, sufficient nutrient supply and efficient utilization are achieved throughout the entire crop growth cycle. Fertilizer crops in greenhouse agriculture have long growth cycles, and their nutrient requirements vary significantly at different growth stages. Traditional single-application base fertilizers or simple topdressing methods are insufficient to meet crop needs, easily leading to nutrient excess in the early stages and nutrient deficiency in the later stages. This invention, based on the nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages and the soil's nutrient supply capacity, formulates a phased topdressing plan. Topdressing is applied intensively during peak nutrient demand periods, moderately during stable nutrient demand periods, and reduced during periods of declining nutrient demand, achieving precise nutrient supply and efficient utilization. For example, tomatoes enter their peak nutrient demand period during the first fruit enlargement stage. At this time, applying an organic water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 5:2:4 effectively promotes fruit enlargement, increases single fruit weight, and yield. During the fourth fruit enlargement stage, nutrient demand declines, and reducing topdressing at this time prevents excessive vegetative growth and fruit deformities, improving fruit quality.

[0068] By supplementing and regulating with microbial fertilizers, the soil microbial community structure is improved, enhancing soil disease resistance and crop stress resistance. This invention, through the application of compound microbial fertilizers containing beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma, replenishes beneficial soil microorganisms, inhibits the reproduction of soil-borne pathogens, reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, reduces pesticide use by 30%-50%, and significantly improves the safety of agricultural products. For example, the application of compound microbial fertilizers containing Trichoderma achieves a 60%-80% control effect on soil-borne diseases such as cucumber wilt and damping-off, reducing pesticide use, lowering production costs, and improving the quality of agricultural products.

[0069] By regulating soil conditions through green manure planting, continuous improvement of soil fertility and effective nitrogen replenishment are achieved. The single planting system in facility agriculture, coupled with severe obstacles to continuous cropping, leads to declining soil fertility, making traditional fallow or crop rotation methods difficult to implement. This invention involves planting leguminous or cruciferous green manure during the off-season or crop rotation period in facility agriculture. By incorporating the green manure into the soil, soil organic matter is increased, soil structure is improved, and soil nitrogen is replenished, creating a favorable soil environment for the next crop. For example, planting hairy vetch as green manure can provide 2000-3000 kg of fresh grass per acre. After incorporation, soil organic matter can increase by 0.3-0.5 percentage points, and nitrogen can be fixed by 5-8 kg, equivalent to 10-17 kg of urea. This saves fertilizer costs while improving soil fertility, achieving a combination of land use and soil conservation.

[0070] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic fertilization management system for the entire life cycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic fertilization management system for the entire life cycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators includes: Soil diagnostic module 401 is used to collect and evaluate physical, chemical and biological indicators of topsoil in the facility and identify soil limiting factors. The base fertilizer decision module 402 is used to determine the type, ratio and amount of base fertilizer materials based on soil limiting factors and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio. The topdressing amount correction module 403 is used to determine the actual topdressing amount based on the crop's biological characteristics, fruit development patterns, the crop's fertilizer requirement intensity at the current stage, and the dynamic detection value of the soil's fertilizer supply capacity. The fertilization method selection module 404 is used to select a differentiated fertilization method that matches the current stage and perform fertilization operations based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different fertilization regulation stages. The microbial fertilizer regulation module 405 is used to determine the application time and dosage of compound microbial fertilizer based on soil microbial test results and / or crop growth status. The feedback correction module 406 is used to monitor soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators after topdressing is performed in each of the topdressing regulation stages, and to dynamically correct the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages based on the monitoring results. The crop rotation module 407 is used to formulate a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period, based on the soil nutrient test results of the current season and the fertilizer requirements of the next crop after the harvest of the current season.

[0071] The dynamic fertilization management system for facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators provided in this invention divides the entire growth period of facility organic crops into several topdressing regulation stages according to the biological characteristics and fruit development patterns of the crops. Each topdressing regulation stage corresponds to a fruit development batch or growth node. Within each topdressing regulation stage, the basic topdressing amount is determined based on the nutrient requirement intensity of the crop at the current stage, and the basic topdressing amount is corrected in real time by combining the dynamic detection value of soil fertility capacity to determine the actual topdressing amount for the current stage. The system also considers the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different topdressing regulation stages. This invention seeks to identify and select differentiated topdressing methods that match the current stage for topdressing operations. After topdressing is performed in each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators are monitored, and the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages is dynamically revised based on the monitoring results. After the current crop is harvested, based on the soil nutrient test results of the current season and the nutrient requirements of the next crop, a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period are formulated. By constructing a dynamic topdressing regulation mechanism covering the entire growth period, this invention effectively avoids the blind application of organic fertilizers while ensuring nutrient supply at key growth nodes of crops.

[0072] The system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0073] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the parts that contribute to the related technology, can be embodied in the form of software products. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic fertilization management method for the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators, characterized in that, include: Before crop transplanting, soil samples were collected from the topsoil layer in the facility to test soil physical, chemical and biological indicators, and soil limiting factors were identified based on the test results. Based on the soil limiting factors and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio, a base fertilizer application scheme is determined, including the type of base fertilizer material, the ratio of application, and the amount of application. Based on the biological characteristics of crops and the fruit development pattern, the entire growth period of facility organic agricultural crops is divided into several topdressing regulation stages, with each topdressing regulation stage corresponding to a fruit development batch or growth node. During each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, the basic topdressing amount is determined based on the crop's fertilizer requirement intensity at the current stage, and the basic topdressing amount is corrected in real time by combining the dynamic detection value of soil fertility capacity to determine the actual topdressing amount for the current stage. Based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different topdressing regulation stages, select a differentiated topdressing method that matches the current stage and perform topdressing operations. After topdressing is applied in each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages, soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators are monitored, and the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages is dynamically revised based on the monitoring results. After the seasonal crops are harvested, based on the soil nutrient test results for the current season and the nutrient requirements of the next crop, formulate a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period.

2. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil physical indicators include soil bulk density and / or soil moisture content; the chemical indicators include at least one of soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil EC value; the biological indicators include at least one of soil microbial biomass carbon content, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity. Each detection indicator is compared with its corresponding suitable range threshold. When an indicator deviates from the suitable range, the soil property corresponding to that indicator is determined to be a limiting factor. When multiple limiting factors exist, they are prioritized according to the degree of deviation from the suitable range, and the limiting factor with the largest deviation is regulated first.

3. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer includes at least one of organic fertilizer, straw, and mineral fertilizer; the base fertilizer application plan includes detecting the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, determining the application ratio of high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials and low carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials based on the difference between the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio and the target carbon-nitrogen ratio, and adjusting the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio to the target range by applying organic fertilizers and / or straw with different carbon-nitrogen ratios, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the high carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials is higher than that of the low carbon-nitrogen ratio organic materials.

4. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned topdressing regulation stages corresponds to a fruit development batch or a growth node, and the number of the topdressing regulation stages is not less than the number of crop fruit harvesting batches; within each topdressing regulation stage, the fertilizer requirement for fruit development at that stage is added to the fertilizer requirement for plant vegetative growth to obtain the current crop fertilizer requirement intensity, and the basic topdressing amount is adjusted according to the soil available nutrient content, soil EC value and / or crop growth to obtain the actual topdressing amount for the current stage.

5. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topdressing methods include hole application or near-root application in the early stage of crop growth, drip irrigation with water application during the peak growth period of crops, and reducing the amount of topdressing and the proportion of nitrogen in topdressing in the later stage of crop growth. Monitoring is set between two adjacent topdressing regulation stages. The monitoring results include the increase in available nutrients in the soil after topdressing and the crop's response to topdressing at this stage, and the amount and / or method of topdressing in subsequent topdressing regulation stages are adjusted accordingly.

6. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: During crop transplanting and / or topdressing, based on soil microbial test results and / or crop growth status, compound microbial fertilizer is applied during the transplanting and / or topdressing period. The compound microbial fertilizer contains at least one beneficial bacterial group among nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma. When soil microbial biomass carbon and / or soil microbial biomass nitrogen are below a preset threshold, the compound microbial fertilizer is applied in the planting hole at the time of crop transplanting, and the compound microbial fertilizer is applied in combination with topdressing during the flowering and fruiting period or the peak fruiting period of the crop.

7. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: During the off-season or crop rotation period of facility agriculture, legume green manure or cruciferous green manure is planted. When the green manure grows to the full flowering stage or the initial pod stage, it is turned into the field and then irrigated to promote decomposition. Choose green manure varieties according to the length of the idle period in the facility. Choose legume green manure when the idle period is long and cruciferous green manure when the idle period is short. The amount of green manure to be turned in is determined based on the soil organic matter improvement needs of the current season.

8. The method for dynamic fertilization management of facility organic agriculture throughout its entire lifecycle based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the soil nitrogen content is higher than the upper limit of the suitable range, choose grass green manure with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio; when the soil nitrogen content is lower than the lower limit of the suitable range, choose leguminous green manure. After the green manure is turned over, test the soil organic matter content and alkaline nitrogen content of the turned-over layer, and use the test results as the basis for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the base fertilizer for the next crop and determining the amount of base fertilizer applied.

9. A dynamic fertilization management system for the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators, characterized in that, include: The soil diagnostic module is used to collect and evaluate physical, chemical, and biological indicators of topsoil within the facility, and to identify soil limiting factors. The base fertilizer decision module is used to determine the type, ratio, and amount of base fertilizer materials based on soil limiting factors and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio. The topdressing amount correction module is used to determine the actual topdressing amount based on crop biological characteristics, fruit development patterns, current crop fertilizer requirements, and dynamic detection values ​​of soil fertility capacity. The fertilization method selection module is used to select a differentiated fertilization method that matches the current stage based on the root distribution characteristics and nutrient requirements of different fertilization regulation stages. The microbial fertilizer regulation module is used to determine the application time and dosage of compound microbial fertilizer based on soil microbial test results and / or crop growth status. The feedback correction module is used to monitor soil nutrient indicators and / or crop growth indicators after topdressing is performed in each of the topdressing regulation stages, and to dynamically correct the topdressing plan for subsequent topdressing regulation stages based on the monitoring results. The crop rotation module is used to formulate a base fertilizer application plan for the next crop and / or a green manure planting plan for the fallow period, based on the soil nutrient test results of the current season and the fertilizer requirements of the next crop after the harvest of the current season.

10. The dynamic fertilization management system for the entire lifecycle of facility organic agriculture based on soil fertility indicators according to claim 9, characterized in that, The feedback correction module is connected to the base fertilizer decision module, topdressing amount correction module, microbial fertilizer regulation module and crop rotation module, so that the monitoring results during the current crop growth period and the soil test results after harvest are fed back to the subsequent topdressing regulation stage and the fertilization decision of the next crop, forming a closed-loop synergistic full-cycle dynamic regulation of base fertilizer, topdressing, microbial fertilizer and green manure.

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